CN103329039B - Camera chain for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Camera chain for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103329039B
CN103329039B CN201280006002.0A CN201280006002A CN103329039B CN 103329039 B CN103329039 B CN 103329039B CN 201280006002 A CN201280006002 A CN 201280006002A CN 103329039 B CN103329039 B CN 103329039B
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China
Prior art keywords
prism
video camera
camera
wave
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201280006002.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103329039A (en
Inventor
马库斯·艾克霍夫
弗兰克·布莱辛
格雷戈尔·伯内
拉尔夫·伯贝尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leopold Kostal GmbH and Co KG
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Leopold Kostal GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
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Publication of CN103329039A publication Critical patent/CN103329039A/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R11/04—Mounting of cameras operative during drive; Arrangement of controls thereof relative to the vehicle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/12—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by refraction only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G02B27/005—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration for correction of secondary colour or higher-order chromatic aberrations
    • G02B27/0062—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration for correction of secondary colour or higher-order chromatic aberrations by controlling the dispersion of a lens material, e.g. adapting the relative partial dispersion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/16—Beam splitting or combining systems used as aids for focusing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B15/00—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0001—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
    • B60R2011/0003—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
    • B60R2011/0026—Windows, e.g. windscreen

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of camera chain for motor vehicles, it has the video camera (7) after being arranged in glass for vehicle window (2) in inner space and has the beam steering element being arranged between glass for vehicle window and video camera, this beam steering element has or constitutes prism (3), wherein, video camera has the electro-photographic sensor (5) of band pel array, wherein, the optical property of video camera (7) and prism (3) is the most mutually coordinated, i.e., make to be positioned at the Pixel Dimensions of pel array (5) owing to prism is widened at the maximum wave beam on image sensor caused by the dispersion in the wave-length coverage of camera acquisition.

Description

Camera chain for motor vehicles
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of camera chain for motor vehicles, it has and is arranged in vehicle window in inner space Video camera after glass and the beam steering element being arranged between glass for vehicle window and video camera, it has or constitutes prism, its In, video camera has the electro-photographic sensor of band pel array.
Background technology
This camera chain is disclosed in German laid-open document DE 10 2,008 020 954 A1.
The camera chain with the video camera found a view through glass for vehicle window is mounted for such as lane identification and/or friendship Messenger identification.In modern personal automobile, it is referred to as the front window glass of windshield in air force and aesthetically Reason place with the mildest angle (about 20 ° to 25 °).Therefore, incident in the horizontal direction light Restraint when entering in this glass for vehicle window by deviation consumingly.
Generally light beam when injection from glass for vehicle window by deviation the most consumingly.However, it is known that the light of prism-like Conductor without refraction ground or only can couple with the inner side of low refraction with glass for vehicle window, thus adjusts light path in an advantageous manner Whole.But this optical conductor is likely to cause geometry deformation and interference aberration.
The compression of camera review not only occurs in geometry deformation or stretches the bending that camera views also occurs.This is It is to be less a problem comparatively speaking, because it can eliminate with calculation subsequently.On the contrary, compensation is made by prism system The aberration become can be much more expensive.This is provided with multiple prism mostly, and these prisms are by multiple different and part costliness Material make, or arrange relative to each other in the way of geometrically complicated.
Summary of the invention
Propose following task, i.e. provide a kind of general shooting for motor vehicles extremely simple and with low cost Machine system, this camera chain does not has or only has low aberration.
According to the present invention, this task solves in the following manner, i.e. the optical property of video camera and prism is with such as lower section Formula is mutually coordinated, i.e. make due to prism caused by the dispersion in the wave-length coverage of camera acquisition at image sensor On maximum wave beam widen the Pixel Dimensions being positioned at pel array.
Can with abnormal cost cheap manufacture the camera chain according to the present invention, because it is only with unique prism just foot To deal with.
The present invention considers based on following, i.e. when the point of the object gathered by video camera is at the image sensor of video camera Different pixels on imaging time, just will recognise that the fuzzy or aberration caused by the dispersion of prism.Therefore, as long as by optical element The image error caused is maintained at below Pixel Dimensions, and this image error is maintained for not detectable.
The optics significant surface of optical prism is typically the most smooth, i.e. will not be formed by remaining unevenness can The error identified.Additionally, the material of optical prism homogenizing the most as follows, i.e. will not be consequently formed recognizable equally Error.
When simple prism (for the Dispersion Compensation Systems of multiple prisms) is installed in video camera specifically Camera lens object lens in other words before time, mainly estimated the deterioration of image quality by the dispersion properties of prism material.Different Wavelength is differently deflected, so that the angle of incidence on image sensor is also different through prism.In order to make own The light beam imaging in unique pixel the most well enough of the wavelength relevant with producing picture point, prism angle must be the least , i.e. make the difference of the angle of incidence on image sensor be maintained at below the specified limit of resolution.
Therefore, the optical property of video camera and prism is the most mutually coordinated.Here, relate to prism material in terms of prism Refractive index and variations in refractive index (dispersion relation) in the wave-length coverage by the light of camera acquisition, the angle of incidence of light, with And the value of refraction by prism corner angle.In terms of video camera, the size of the pixel on image sensor and spacing are especially relevant 's.
These values are the most mutually coordinated, i.e. the wave beam of the maximum possible caused by the dispersion of prism is widened Can not be more than the pixel of image sensor.Prism angle selects the most as follows, i.e. make desired rib Mirror effect, the most such as light beam steering or Geometric compression are the biggest, and by the error on colour cause Point on image sensor is widened or sufficiently small.
In preferred embodiments, beam steering element also comprises for adhering in addition to the optics significant surface of prism Video camera and/or the element that video camera is oriented.
In preferred embodiments, beam steering element also comprises for suppressing in addition to the optics significant surface of prism The element of scattered light.
In preferred embodiments, prism has the refracting angle being 4 ° to the maximum.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Hereinafter in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention should be shown, and it is carried out more detailed elaboration.Wherein,
Fig. 1 schematically shows camera chain,
Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic diagram of image sensor resolution performance,
Fig. 3 illustrates the schematic diagram of the beam-broadening caused due to the dispersion of prism material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the basic layout of the assembly according to camera chain of the present invention.First it should be mentioned that structural principle and Operation principle；Therefore, shown assembly true angle the most each other of size the most each other for the change in actual configuration Illustrate truly.
This system is made up of prism 3 and video camera 7, and wherein, video camera 7 is arranged in such a way, i.e. make it pass through car Glass pane 2 is found a view, specifically, from the received outside light of glass for vehicle window 2.Here, light path 1 extends through rib from glass for vehicle window 2 Mirror 3 optical medium 4 that is placed through between prism 3 and video camera 7 are until video camera 7.For simplicity it is assumed that by air It is provided as optical medium 4.
Video camera 7 is made up of at least one object lens 6 and an optical recording image sensor 5.Object lens 6 have at least at this One focusing effect lens.Obviously, other optics, electronics or the assembly of machinery, especially housing can be to take the photograph too The ingredient of camera 7.
In order to light path is described, figure 1 illustrates the trend of three parallel entrance beam 1, these light beams are the most parallel Ground falls on the outside of the glass for vehicle window 2 tilted relative to incident direction.Light beam 1 is vertical to glass when entering glass for vehicle window 2 Line removes ground deviation.
The inner side of glass for vehicle window 2 is disposed with prism 3.Preferably, prism 3 has or phase identical with glass for vehicle window 2 Near refractive index, and optically couple with glass for vehicle window 2, so that the transition region between glass for vehicle window 2 and prism 3 Territory is practically without occurring the angular divergence of light beam 1.The light beam 1 of distribution the most parallel to each other after running through prism 3 is by taking the photograph Camera object lens 6 focus on the image sensor 5 of video camera 7.
The prism 3 that figure 1 illustrates has relatively small refracting edge angle beta, and does not the most have to come for prism Say typical wedge shape, and be constructed to the plate of the interarea parallel with on-plane surface.This prism 3 can also be designed to be put down by plane The integral type associating of the plate of row and the wedge of minimum acute angle.The prism 3 that refracting edge angle beta is shown here at is about 2 °.
Fig. 2 illustrates the resolution performance of the image sensor 5 of video camera.Replace object lens 6 that single lens 6' is shown.Pass through Dotted line illustrates the principal plane of lens 6' and the optical axis of video camera.It can be seen that cross section in the spacing of the focal distance f of lens 6' In image sensor 5.It is assumed that image sensor 5 by not as shown in independent part, there is the pixel battle array of Pixel Dimensions p Row are constituted.
Using relative to the angle α of optical axis as central beam be incident on lens 6' light beam there is not deviation, specifically come Say with etc. the big angle α ' relative to optical axis be incident on the surface of image sensor 5, and be imaged on video sensor there Starting several kth pixel from center sensor of device 5.Following relation:
Tan α '=x/f=kp/f
Sample calculation: in the case of focal distance f=10mm and Pixel Dimensions p=10 μm, draw 1 °=k × 0.010/ of tan 10, it is often to spend n=17.455 pixel particularly for the resolution of video camera for little angle α '.
The principle of the present invention is illustrated below in conjunction with Fig. 3.First Fig. 3 illustrates qualitatively with base simplification, pure It is disposed with the generation of aberration in the case of prism.
As is it well known, the light incided in (the most unshowned) prism decomposes in view of the dispersion properties of prism material For the spectral color being included in light.If such as white light is fallen on prism with given angle of incidence, then different colors or ripple Length penetrates from prism with the different deviations angle.For visible ray, pass through the short of the strongest deviation in this angle range covered Deviation angle α of the light of rippleBlueDeviation angle α of the light of the long wave of the most weak deviationRedEstimate.But for camera chain, The spectrum of important not incident illumination, but the spectrum of the light that only can be detected by camera chain is the most important.In view of such as Glass for vehicle window 2 or the transmission property of object lens 6 and the spectrum sensitivity of camera chip 5, the spectrum of the light detected and incident illumination Spectrum compare generally reduction.Meaningfully, therefore αBlueAnd αRedMean that there is the shortest and the longest wavelength that can detect that The deviation angle of light.
In addition to the dispersion profile of the prism material applied, the numerical value of this deviation angle drawn also relies at this The geometry of prism and light enter the angle of incidence in prism 3, and can be for each system with calculation or with experiment side Formula determines.
Therefore, the wave beam that dispersion is widened carrys out imaging with following width in view of angle stragging on image sensor,
Δ x=(tan αBlue-tanαRed)×f。
In order to make the dispersion of prism 3 not cause perceptible interference to arrange: the group of the camera chain that figure 1 illustrates Part is the most mutually coordinated, i.e. make dispersion widen the Pixel Dimensions p remaining less than image sensor 5:
(tanαBlue-tanαRed)×f<p
This can be by prism material, prism geometry, the spectral quality of camera chain and image sensor 5 Resolution performance be suitable for selection realize.
The resolution determined by Pixel Dimensions p represents the significant limit for whole camera optical equipment.Lens 6'(object lens 6 in other words) need not that there is the resolution less than Pixel Dimensions p.As long as whole image error keeps below pixel chi Very little p, then the error of other optical elements is also inessential.
Camera chain described herein thus avoid the error on colour, and the multi-piece type rib that need not have is expensive The indemnifying measure of mirror system.
Reference

Claims (6)

1., for the camera chain of motor vehicles, it has the shooting after being arranged in glass for vehicle window (2) in inner space Machine (7) and there is the beam steering element being arranged between described glass for vehicle window (2) and described video camera (7), described wave beam Director element includes the unique prism (3) being made up of the prism material of homogenizing, or by being made up of the prism material of homogenizing Unique prism (3) is constituted, and wherein, described video camera (7) has the electro-photographic sensor (5) of band pel array, its feature Being, the optical property of described video camera (7) and described prism (3) is the most mutually coordinated, i.e. make due to described rib The maximum wave beam on described image sensor (5) that the mirror (3) dispersion in the wave-length coverage gathered by video camera (7) causes Widen the Pixel Dimensions being positioned at described pel array.
Camera chain the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the described wave-length coverage gathered by video camera (7) It is approximately equivalent to visible wave-length coverage for human eye.
Camera chain the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that light deviation angle α on described prism (3)BlueWith αRed, and the Pixel Dimensions p of the focal distance f of camera objective (6) and described image sensor (5) is the most mutually coordinated, I.e. so that described camera chain comprises following relation for each point of described pel array:
(tanαBlue-tanαRed) × f < p,
Wherein, in the case of forming the described deviation angle, for the shortwave in the described wave-length coverage gathered by video camera (7) Light and long wave light for, the point of object to be imaged is in the upper imaging of described image sensor (5).
Camera chain the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described beam steering element is except described prism (3) also comprise outside optics significant surface for adhering to described video camera (7) and/or described video camera (7) being oriented Element.
Camera chain the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described beam steering element is except described prism (3) element for suppressing scattered light is also comprised outside optics significant surface.
Camera chain the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described prism (3) has the refraction being 4 ° to the maximum Corner angle (β).
CN201280006002.0A 2011-01-21 2012-01-19 Camera chain for motor vehicles Active CN103329039B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011009075.4 2011-01-21
DE102011009075.4A DE102011009075B4 (en) 2011-01-21 2011-01-21 Camera arrangement for a motor vehicle
PCT/EP2012/050793 WO2012098192A1 (en) 2011-01-21 2012-01-19 Camera arrangement for a motor vehicle

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CN103329039A CN103329039A (en) 2013-09-25
CN103329039B true CN103329039B (en) 2016-11-16

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US (1) US9525808B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2666055A1 (en)
CN (1) CN103329039B (en)
DE (1) DE102011009075B4 (en)
WO (1) WO2012098192A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
US9525808B2 (en) 2016-12-20
DE102011009075A1 (en) 2012-07-26
CN103329039A (en) 2013-09-25
WO2012098192A1 (en) 2012-07-26
EP2666055A1 (en) 2013-11-27
DE102011009075B4 (en) 2021-07-22
US20130162827A1 (en) 2013-06-27

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