Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the defect that above-mentioned cost is higher, current drain is larger of prior art, provides a kind of cost is lower, current drain is less low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit and DC power supply thereof.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: construct a kind of low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit, comprises the first DC supply input, the second DC supply input, load outputs, controlled switch unit and step-down isolated location; Wherein, described controlled switch unit comprises two switch terminals and a control end; Described first DC supply input is connected with described load outputs by step-down isolated location, and described first DC supply input is also connected with the control end of described controlled switch unit, and the control end of described controlled switch unit is also by a grounding through resistance; Two switch terminals of described controlled cell are connected to described second DC supply input and described load outputs; Being switched on or switched off between described controlled switch unit two switch terminals is determined by the potential difference on described two switch terminals and described control end respectively.
Further, when on described control end, current potential is more than or equal to current potential in described two switch terminals respectively, described two switch terminals disconnect; On described control end current potential be less than described switch terminals wherein any one current potential time, described two switch terminals are connected.
Further, described controlled switch unit is that two its grids link together as control end, the metal-oxide-semiconductor that connects back-to-back.
Further, in described two metal-oxide-semiconductors, the source electrode of is connected with described second DC supply input, and its drain electrode is connected with the drain electrode of another metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the source electrode of another MOS is connected with described load outputs.
Further, described metal-oxide-semiconductor is enhancement P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe.
Further, described step-down isolated location is diode, and the anode of described diode is connected with described first DC supply input, and its negative electrode is connected with described load outputs.
The invention still further relates to a kind of low-voltage dc power supply, comprise the rechargeable battery for load supplying and the low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit that is connected between described rechargeable battery positive pole and load, described low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit is the low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit described in above-mentioned any one; Wherein, described rechargeable battery is the second DC power supply, its minus earth; Described first DC supply input is connected with the external dc power charged for described rechargeable battery; Described power supply also comprises and to be connected with described first DC supply input mouth and to be the charging control unit that described rechargeable battery charges.
Further, described charging control unit is battery charging management integrated circuit, and it comprises power end and battery terminal connections, and described power end is connected with described first DC supply input, and described battery terminal connections is connected with described rechargeable battery positive pole.
Further, also comprise by current-limiting resistance be serially connected between described first DC supply input and charge integrated circuit status port, for representing the LED of described rechargeable battery charged state.
Implement a kind of low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit of the present invention and DC power supply thereof, there is following beneficial effect: because its DC power supply commutation circuit comprises controlled switch unit, and this controlled switch unit make use of the different differences of the output voltage of input first DC power supply and the second DC power supply, achieve and do not need extra control assembly just automatically can realize disconnection between the second DC power output end and load outputs or connection, namely achieve the switching of the second DC power supply; Meanwhile, due to the particularity of the structure of controlled switch unit, make this controlled switch unit, when conducting, two switch terminals not exist voltage difference substantially, so substantially there is not current drain when its conducting between two switch terminals.So its cost is lower, current drain is less.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, in a kind of low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit of the present invention and DC power supply embodiment thereof, this commutation circuit comprises the first DC supply input, the second DC supply input, load outputs, controlled switch unit and step-down isolated location; Wherein, controlled switch unit comprises two switch terminals and a control end, and the voltage difference in the voltage on this control end and two switch terminals, determines the connection status between this controlled switch unit two switch terminals.In the present embodiment, the first DC supply input is connected with load outputs by step-down isolated location, and namely the first DC power supply is load supplying by the first DC supply input and step-down isolated location; In addition, the first DC supply input is also connected with the control end of controlled switch unit, and the control end of controlled switch unit is also by a grounding through resistance; Two switch terminals of controlled switch unit are connected to the second DC supply input and load outputs, namely the second DC power supply is load supplying by the second DC supply input and above-mentioned controlled switch unit, when this controlled switch unit two switch terminals are connected, load is by above-mentioned second DC power supply; When two switch terminals of this controlled switch unit disconnect, the second DC power supply and load disconnect; As previously mentioned, being switched on or switched off between controlled switch unit two switch terminals is determined by the potential difference in two switch terminals and described control end respectively; When current potential on this control end is more than or equal to current potential in above-mentioned two switch terminals respectively, two switch terminals of above-mentioned controlled switch unit disconnect; And when current potential on control end be less than above-mentioned switch terminals wherein any one current potential time, two switch terminals of controlled switch unit are connected.
In the present embodiment, in most cases, second DC power supply is rechargeable battery, when the first DC power supply connects, time normally this rechargeable battery needs to charge, now, battery few of electricity can be powered, in order to maintain necessary supply current, its supply power voltage will inevitably comparatively theoretical value (or when electricity is sufficient) be low.Certainly, if make the theoretical voltage value of a little higher than second DC power supply of the input voltage value of the first direct voltage when arranging, not only beneficial to charging, also make the work of this commutation circuit more stable, reliable.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of commutation circuit in the present embodiment, and as shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, step-down isolated location is diode, and the anode of this diode (D1) is stated the first DC supply input and connected, and its negative electrode is connected with load outputs.When the first DC power supply is connected, its voltage supply load after the step-down of diode; Meanwhile, the voltage that the existence of this diode makes load or the second DC power supply be provided in load can not be transferred to above-mentioned first DC supply input by this diode.
As shown in Figure 2, controlled switch unit (dotted portion in Fig. 2) is that two its grids link together as control end, the metal-oxide-semiconductor that connects back-to-back.In these two metal-oxide-semiconductors, the source S of is connected with the second DC supply input, and its drain D is connected with the drain D of another metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the source S of another MOS is connected with load outputs, and these two metal-oxide-semiconductors are enhancement P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipes.
In addition, in the present embodiment, also relate to a kind of low-voltage dc power supply, refer to Fig. 3.In the present embodiment, this low-voltage dc power supply comprises rechargeable battery (the second DC power supply 34 in Fig. 3) for load supplying and the low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit 35 that is connected between this rechargeable battery positive pole and load (load outputs), wherein, this low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit 35 is above-mentioned low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuits; Wherein, rechargeable battery is the second DC power supply 35, its minus earth; First DC supply input is connected with external dc power (the first DC power supply 31); Low-voltage dc power supply in the present embodiment also comprises and to be connected with the first DC supply input mouth and to be the charging control unit 33 that rechargeable battery charges.In the present embodiment, charging control unit 33 is battery charging management integrated circuit, and it comprises power end and battery terminal connections, and its power end is connected with the first DC supply input; Its battery terminal connections is connected with above-mentioned rechargeable battery positive pole.In addition, in the present embodiment, this DC power supply also comprise by current-limiting resistance be serially connected between the first DC supply input and charge integrated circuit status port, for representing the LED of above-mentioned rechargeable battery charged state.(referring to Fig. 4)
In the present embodiment, when external power source (the first DC power supply 31) does not connect or input voltage is 0, the controlled switch unit of low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit 35 is kept closed, the second DC power output end and load outputs is made to keep being connected, make the electricity that rechargeable battery provides, flow to load through low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit 35; When external power source (the first DC power supply 31) connects and provides suitable input direct voltage, the controlled switch unit of low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit 35 transfers off-state to from closure state, and load is from the step-down isolated location direct power taking of external power source (the first DC power supply 31) by above-mentioned low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit 35; Meanwhile, external power source (the first DC power supply 31) is charged by Charge Management unit 33 pairs of rechargeable batteries (the second DC power supply 34).
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of above-mentioned low-voltage dc power supply in the present embodiment, and in the diagram, U1 is charging management chip, and U2 is rechargeable battery, and Q1, Q2 and R1 form the controlled switch unit of low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit 35 jointly; D1 is the step-down isolated location of low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit 35, is diode; This step-down isolated location stops reverse direction current flow, prevents current reflux from arriving above-mentioned first DC supply input.D2 and D3 is light-emitting diode, indicates as charged state.R3 is current-limiting resistance, for D2 and D3 provides suitable electric current.R2 is adjusting resistance, for finely tuning the maximum charging current of above-mentioned charging management chip to rechargeable battery.
In the present embodiment, U1 is single lithium battery charging management chip, maximum charging current can reach 500 milliamperes, stream pipe is expanded without the need to outside, the negative electrode of the 1 pin sending and receiving optical diode D2 of U1, the negative electrode of the 5 pin sending and receiving optical diode D3 of U1, 4 pin of U1 connect external power source, 3 pin of U1 connect the source electrode of rechargeable battery and PMOS Q2, the drain electrode of Q2 connects the drain electrode of Q1, the source electrode of Q1 connects negative electrode and the using electricity system of D1, the grid of Q1 and Q2 is connected together, and connect resistance R1 to ground, the grid of Q1 and Q2 receives external power source simultaneously, by having and nothing of external power source (the first DC power supply 31) voltage, realize the break-make of the controlled switch of low-voltage dc power supply commutation circuit 35.
Q1 and Q2 is enhancement mode P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe, and SOT23 encapsulates, and volume is little, and the resistance opened between hourglass source electrode only has tens milliohms, by the electric current (representative value) up to 4.3 amperes.Q1 and Q2 links together back-to-back, and the parasitic diode of Q1 with Q2 is also connected (referring to Fig. 4) back-to-back, and external power source can be stoped to be charged to battery by parasitic diode.
In the present embodiment, when external power source inputs suitable direct voltage, the voltage of Q1 and Q2 grid is higher than the voltage of source electrode, Q1 and Q2 all ends, and external power source is powered to load by D1, is charged by U1 to battery simultaneously.When external power source is without input, R1 is by the grounded-grid of Q1 and Q2, and grid voltage is lower than source voltage, the equal conducting of Q1 and Q2, battery can be powered to using electricity system, the existence of D1, has separated rechargeable battery (the second DC power supply 34) and external power source (the first DC power supply 31).Because the conducting resistance of Q1 and Q2 is very little, so the pressure drop on Q1 and Q2 is very little, and its quiescent current is only less than 1 microampere.Therefore, in the present embodiment, add this commutation circuit achieve rechargeable battery charging time disconnect be connected with load, quickening charging rate; Meanwhile, when using rechargeable battery to power because conducting resistance is minimum, so substantially there is no current loss on this switch; In addition, also do not need extra device, such as MCU controls, and provides cost savings.
The above embodiment only have expressed several execution mode of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection range of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.