CN103326405A - Method and device for heating and charging electric vehicle at low temperature - Google Patents
Method and device for heating and charging electric vehicle at low temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN103326405A CN103326405A CN2012100752752A CN201210075275A CN103326405A CN 103326405 A CN103326405 A CN 103326405A CN 2012100752752 A CN2012100752752 A CN 2012100752752A CN 201210075275 A CN201210075275 A CN 201210075275A CN 103326405 A CN103326405 A CN 103326405A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for heating and charging an electric vehicle at a low temperature. According to the method, the lowest temperature of each battery in a storage battery pack is detected; if the lowest temperature is lower than an initial threshold value Tset 0, a heating-before-charging process is switched to, and all currents of an external power source are used for heating; if the lowest temperature is greater than or equal to the initial threshold value Tset 0 and lower than a switch threshold value Tset 1, a heating-charging process is switched to, a part of the currents of the external power source are used for heating, and the remaining currents of the external power source are used for charging; if the lowest temperature is greater than or equal to the switch threshold value Tset 1, a normal-charging process is switched to, and all the currents of the external power source are used for charging; before charging of the storage battery pack is finished, the temperature is periodically detected and charging states are switched over. The method for heating and charging the electric vehicle at the low temperature can realize heating through the external power source under the circumstance that the value of the state of charge of the storage battery pack is quite low or the environment temperature is quite low, thereby finishing the charging process smoothly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the new-energy automobile field, more particularly, relate to a kind of electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method and heating charging device.
Background technology
Electric motor car take lithium battery as power is the main development direction of new energy vehicle.As power resources, so discharging and recharging of battery is one of key technology in the vehicle technology with battery in electric motor car.The temperature that discharges and recharges that lithium ion battery is desirable is about 15 ℃ of room temperatures.At low temperatures, performance of lithium ion battery is very limited even can not carries out charging operations, easy to chargely for example cause lithium battery interior to separate out dendrite arm to cause short circuit because when low temperature, carry out, cause the fiery fried danger that waits, so generally at vehicle lithium ion battery bag, do not allow when especially ferric phosphate lithium cell bag internal temperature is lower than setting storage battery is carried out charging operations, but utilize first the dump energy of internal storage battery that self is heated, after temperature rises to more than the setting, just begin charging process.This setting can be set according to type and the different of technological level of battery, usually between-5 ℃~+ 5 ℃.
This charging scheme can be realized in the ordinary course of things, but also have two obvious problems:
1) when storage battery need to charge, its state-of-charge (SOC, State of Charge) value has been in reduced levels, and remaining electric weight can not be finished heating process, battery temp can't be brought up to the level that to charge, thereby can't finish charging process.Because state-of-charge is relevant service life with storage battery operating position and storage battery, on excessive use battery or comparatively outmoded storage battery, than being easier to occur problems.
2) if ambient temperature is very low, although the state-of-charge value of battery still can, also can't with heating of battery to more than the set point of temperature, still can't finish charging operations.Because China is vast in territory, the northern area winter temperature is on the low side, and ambient temperature this problem easily occurs usually far below set point of temperature.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of technology of at low temperatures storage battery of electric motor car being charged, and utilizes external power supply to heat, so that charging process in most of the cases can both be carried out smoothly.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method is proposed, comprising:
The initial temperature detecting step, the initial minimum temperature of cell in the detection batteries, determine initial state of charge according to this initial minimum temperature:
If this initial minimum temperature is lower than initial threshold T
Set0, then with the front heating process of charging as initial state of charge;
If being higher than, this initial minimum temperature equals initial threshold T
Set0And be lower than switching threshold T
Set1, then to heat charging process as initial state of charge;
If being higher than, this initial minimum temperature equals switching threshold T
Set1, then to charge normal process as initial state of charge;
The initial charge step, with determined initial state of charge to battery charging;
The monitoring temperature step, periodicity detects the current minimum temperature of cell in the batteries, carries out charged state according to this current minimum temperature and switches:
If this current minimum temperature is lower than initial threshold T
Set0, then switch to the front heating process of charging;
If being higher than, this current minimum temperature equals initial threshold T
Set0And be lower than switching threshold T
Set1, then switch to the heating charging process;
If being higher than, this initial minimum temperature equals switching threshold T
Set1, then switch to the process of charging normal;
The monitoring temperature step repeats until battery charging is complete;
Wherein utilize external power supply to drive electric heater unit before charging in the heating process batteries is heated, whole electric currents of external power supply are used for electric heater unit; Heating utilizes in the charging process external power supply to drive simultaneously electric heater unit batteries to be heated and batteries is charged, and the one part of current of external power supply is used for electric heater unit; Charge normal and utilize external power supply to be battery charging in the process, whole electric currents of external power supply are used to battery charging.
In one embodiment, in the heating process, batteries is exported little electric current to eliminate current ripple and sensor error before charging.
In one embodiment, when carrying out the switching of charged state, the interval Δ t of set temperature hysteresis is to prevent oscillatory occurences, for example: entering the heating charge step by heating steps before the charging needs the cell minimum temperature more than or equal to T
Set0+ Δ t needs the cell minimum temperature less than T and enter the front heating steps of charging by the heating charge step
Set0The interval Δ t of temperature hysteresis is 1 ℃.
In one embodiment, for LiFePO4 ion accumulator group, described switching threshold T
Set1With initial threshold T
Set0For: T
Set1=3 ℃; T
Set0=0 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of electric motor car low-temperature heat charging device is proposed, comprise batteries, electric heater unit, Vehicular charger, high pressure junction box.Batteries comprises several cells, is provided with temperature-detecting device in the batteries, and temperature-detecting device detects the minimum temperature of cell in the batteries.Electric heater unit is the batteries heating.Vehicular charger is connected to external power supply and alternating current is converted to direct current supplies with described batteries or electric heater unit.When utilizing non-Vehicular charger to charge, do not need the Vehicular charger operation.The high pressure junction box connects Vehicular charger, batteries and electric heater unit.Temperature-detecting device detects minimum temperature and is lower than initial threshold T
Set0The time switch to heating process before the charging, the electric current of Vehicular charger output all is transferred to electric heater unit via the high pressure junction box; Temperature-detecting device detects minimum temperature and is higher than and equals initial threshold T
Set0And be lower than switching threshold T
Set1The time switch to the charging heating process, the electric current of Vehicular charger output is transferred to electric heater unit via a high pressure junction box part, another part is transferred to batteries; Temperature-detecting device detects described minimum temperature and is higher than and equals switching threshold T
Set1The time switch to the process of charging normal, the electric current of Vehicular charger output all is transferred to batteries via the high pressure junction box.
In one embodiment, add before charging and pine for, batteries is exported little electric current to eliminate current ripple and sensor error, and it is the batteries heating that the electric current that this little electric current is exported with Vehicular charger drives electric heater unit.
In one embodiment, when carrying out the switching of charged state, the interval Δ t of set temperature hysteresis, the interval Δ t of temperature hysteresis is 1 ℃.
In one embodiment, for LiFePO4 ion accumulator group, described switching threshold T
Set1With initial threshold T
Set0For: T
Set1=3 ℃; T
Set0=0 ℃.
In one embodiment, this electric motor car low-temperature heat charging device also comprises vehicle control device and battery controller; Vehicle control device is connected between electric heater unit and the Vehicular charging device, and vehicle control device is transmitting signal flow between electric heater unit and Vehicular charging device; Battery controller is connected between batteries and the Vehicular charging device, and battery controller is transmitting signal flow between batteries and Vehicular charging device.
Electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method of the present invention and heating charging device are according to the initial temperature of storage battery, utilize external power supply to carry out the heating operation in first stage, like this, even the state-of-charge (SOC in batteries, State of Charge) in the situation that value is very low or ambient temperature is very low, also can utilize external power supply to realize heating, finish smoothly charging process.Simultaneously, because external power supply is more stable and electric current is larger, can effectively shorten the time of heating and charging.
Description of drawings
It is more obvious that the above and other feature of the present invention, character and advantage will become by the description below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, and identical Reference numeral represents identical feature all the time in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 has disclosed the process schematic diagram according to the electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 has disclosed the structure chart according to the electric motor car low-temperature heat charging device of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 has disclosed the state that is in the heating period before the charging in the electric motor car low-temperature heat charging process according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 has disclosed the state that is in the heating charging stage in the electric motor car low-temperature heat charging process according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 has disclosed the state that is in the stage of charging normal in the electric motor car low-temperature heat charging process according to one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is intended to solve in the storage battery dump energy deficiency and temperature charging hard problem when low, shortens the whole charging interval simultaneously as far as possible.
Basic solution of the present invention is: when temperature is very low in storage battery, utilize external ac power source to power for electric heater unit by Vehicular charger, power accumulator is heated, and power accumulator self is as the stable-pressure device in the whole Circuits System.Accurately control the output current of Vehicular charger by vehicle control device, make power accumulator not export or only export little electric current and eliminate sensor error and current ripples.By this scheme, even in the very harsh situation of the state-of-charge (SOC, State of Charge) of storage battery, can finish equally the process of heating and charging, simultaneously because battery does not need to be the electric heater unit power supply, do not consume self-energy, also shorten the rear charging interval of heating.
With reference to shown in Figure 1, the present invention has disclosed a kind of electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method, and Fig. 1 has disclosed the process schematic diagram according to the electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method of one embodiment of the invention.Comprise three kinds of charged states in the method for the present invention, be respectively charging money heating process, heat charging process and charge normal process.Method 100 shown in Figure 1 comprises:
102. the initial temperature detecting step, the initial minimum temperature of cell in the detection batteries, determine initial state of charge according to this initial minimum temperature:
If this initial minimum temperature is lower than initial threshold T
Set0, then with the front heating process of charging as initial state of charge;
If being higher than, this initial minimum temperature equals initial threshold T
Set0And be lower than switching threshold T
Set1, then to heat charging process as initial state of charge;
If being higher than, this initial minimum temperature equals switching threshold T
Set1, then to charge normal process as initial state of charge;
104. the initial charge step, with determined initial state of charge to battery charging.
106. the monitoring temperature step, periodicity detects the current minimum temperature of cell in the batteries, carries out charged state according to this current minimum temperature and switches:
If this current minimum temperature is lower than initial threshold T
Set0, then switch to the front heating process of charging;
If being higher than, this current minimum temperature equals initial threshold T
Set0And be lower than switching threshold T
Set1, then switch to the heating charging process;
If being higher than, this initial minimum temperature equals switching threshold T
Set1, then switch to the process of charging normal;
Monitoring temperature step 106 repeats until battery charging is complete.
In three kinds of charged states, utilize external power supply to drive electric heater unit before the charging in the heating process batteries is heated, whole electric currents of external power supply are used for electric heater unit.In the heating process, batteries is exported little electric current to eliminate current ripple and sensor error before charging, and little electric current herein is generally 1A~3A.Heating utilizes in the charging process external power supply to drive simultaneously electric heater unit batteries to be heated and batteries is charged, and the one part of current of external power supply is used for electric heater unit.Charge normal and utilize external power supply to be battery charging in the process, whole electric currents of external power supply are used to battery charging.Three kinds of charged states can be described in detail in conjunction with Fig. 3~Fig. 5.
When carrying out the switching of three kinds of charged states, the interval Δ t of set temperature hysteresis, the effect of the interval Δ t of temperature hysteresis is in order to prevent back and forth vibration in the stateful switchover process and unstable, and for example: entering the heating charge step by heating steps before the charging needs the cell minimum temperature more than or equal to T
Set0+ Δ t needs the cell minimum temperature less than T and enter the front heating steps of charging by the heating charge step
Set0Usually, the interval Δ t of temperature hysteresis is 1 ℃.
For LiFePO4 ion accumulator group, switching threshold T
Set1With initial threshold T
Set0For: T
Set1=3 ℃; T
Set0=0 ℃.
Fig. 2 has disclosed the electric motor car low-temperature heat charging device that is used for realizing said method, and as shown in Figure 2, this electric motor car low-temperature heat charging device 200 comprises: batteries 202, electric heater unit 204, Vehicular charger 208 and high pressure junction box 210.
Batteries 202 comprises several cells, set temperature checkout gear 206 in batteries 202, the minimum temperature of detection batteries 202 interior cells.Electric heater unit 204 is batteries 202 heating.Vehicular charger 208 is connected to external power supply alternating current is converted to direct current supply batteries 202 or electric heater unit 204.When utilizing non-Vehicular charger to charge, do not need the Vehicular charger operation.High pressure junction box 210 is connected to Vehicular charger 208, batteries 202 and electric heater unit 204.The course of work of above-mentioned each parts is with reference to the described method of Fig. 1, and basic principle is as follows: the minimum temperature that temperature-detecting device 206 detects batteries 202 interior cells is lower than initial threshold T
Set0Shi Ze switches to the front heating process of charging, and in the heating process, the electric current of Vehicular charger 208 outputs all is transferred to electric heater unit 204 through high pressure junction box 210 before charging.In one embodiment, before charging, add and pine for, batteries 202 also export little electric current to high pressure junction box 210 eliminating current ripple and sensor error, merge in the electric current that Vehicular charger 208 exports by high pressure junction box 210 this little electric currents, little electric current herein is generally 1A~3A.The minimum temperature that temperature-detecting device 206 detects batteries 202 interior cells is higher than and equals initial threshold T
Set0And be lower than switching threshold T
Set1The time switch to the charging heating process.In the heating charging process, the electric current of Vehicular charger 208 outputs is transferred to electric heater unit 204 through high pressure junction box 210 parts and heats, and another part is transferred to batteries 202 so that batteries 202 is charged.The minimum temperature that detects batteries 202 interior cells at temperature-detecting device 206 is higher than and equals switching threshold T
Set1The time switch to the process of charging normal, the electric current of Vehicular charger 208 output all is transferred to batteries 202 through high pressure junction box 210 in charging normal process.According to process shown in Figure 1, temperature-detecting device 206 can carry out the initial temperature detection and determine initial state of charge in open type, periodically detects afterwards the temperature of batteries and carries out the switching of charged state according to temperature regime.
When carrying out the switching of three kinds of charged states, the interval Δ t of meeting set temperature hysteresis, the effect of the interval Δ t of temperature hysteresis is in order to prevent back and forth vibration in the stateful switchover process and unstable, and for example: entering the heating charge step by heating steps before the charging needs the cell minimum temperature more than or equal to T
Set0+ Δ t needs the cell minimum temperature less than T and enter the front heating steps of charging by the heating charge step
Set0Usually, the interval Δ t of temperature hysteresis is 1 ℃.For LiFePO4 ion accumulator group, switching threshold T
Set1With initial threshold T
Set0For: T
Set1=3 ℃; T
Set0=0 ℃.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, this electric motor car low-temperature heat charging device 200 also comprises vehicle control device 212 and battery controller 214.Vehicle control device 212 is connected between electric heater unit 204 and the Vehicular charging device 208, and vehicle control device 212 is transmitting signal flow between electric heater unit 204 and Vehicular charging device 208.Battery controller 214 is connected between batteries 202 and the Vehicular charging device 208, and battery controller 214 is transmitting signal flow between batteries 202 and Vehicular charging device 208.
Fig. 3~Fig. 5 has disclosed the electric motor car low-temperature charging heating process according to one embodiment of the invention, and wherein Fig. 3 has disclosed the front heating period of charging, and Fig. 4 has disclosed the heating charging stage, and Fig. 5 has disclosed the stage of charging normal.
At first with reference to shown in Figure 3, heating period before charging, Vehicular charger 208 will offer electric heater unit 204 by whole electric current I 1 that external power supply provides by high pressure junction box 210, simultaneously, to eliminate current ripple and sensor error, little electric current herein is generally 1A~3A to batteries 202 to the little electric current I 3 of high pressure junction box 210 outputs.At this moment, offered the actual current I2=I1+I3 of electric heater unit 204 by high pressure junction box 210.Vehicle control device 212 and battery controller 214 are used for the transmission of control and signal of communication.
With reference to shown in Figure 4, in the heating charging stage, Vehicular charger 208 will be divided into by the electric current I 1 that external power supply provides two parts by high pressure junction box 210, and a part offers electric heater unit 204 and proceeds heating, and another part offers batteries 202 and carries out low current charge.At this moment, the actual current that high pressure junction box 210 offers electric heater unit 204 is I2, and the actual current that high pressure junction box 210 offers batteries 202 is I3, I1=I2+I3.Vehicle control device 212 and battery controller 214 are used for the transmission of control and signal of communication.
With reference to shown in Figure 5, charging normal the stage, the temperature of batteries is enough, no longer needs to carry out heating operation.Therefore Vehicular charger 208 will all be charged be used to offering batteries 202 by the electric current I 1 that external power supply provides by high pressure junction box 210.At this moment, the actual current that high pressure junction box 210 offers batteries 202 is I3, I3=I1.Vehicle control device 212 and battery controller 214 are used for the transmission of control and signal of communication.
Need to prove, when switching between three above-mentioned states, can add the interval Δ t of suitable temperature hysteresis at the Rule of judgment battery temperature when practical operation, usually, the interval Δ t of temperature hysteresis is 1 ℃, and oscillatory occurences appears in the state that prevents when switching.
Electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method of the present invention and heating charging device are according to the initial temperature of storage battery, utilize external power supply to carry out the heating operation in first stage, like this, even the state-of-charge (SOC in batteries, State of Charge) in the situation that value is very low or ambient temperature is very low, also can utilize external power supply to realize heating, finish smoothly charging process.Simultaneously, because external power supply is more stable and electric current is larger, can effectively shorten the time of heating and charging.
Above-described embodiment provides to being familiar with the person in the art and realizes or use of the present invention; those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variation to above-described embodiment and not break away from invention thought of the present invention; thereby protection scope of the present invention do not limit by above-described embodiment, and should be the maximum magnitude that meets the inventive features that claims mention.
Claims (10)
1. an electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method is characterized in that, comprising:
The initial temperature detecting step, the initial minimum temperature of cell in the detection batteries, determine initial state of charge according to this initial minimum temperature:
If this initial minimum temperature is lower than initial threshold T
Set0, then with the front heating process of charging as initial state of charge;
If being higher than, this initial minimum temperature equals initial threshold T
Set0And be lower than switching threshold T
Set1, then to heat charging process as initial state of charge;
If being higher than, this initial minimum temperature equals switching threshold T
Set1, then to charge normal process as initial state of charge;
The initial charge step, with determined initial state of charge to battery charging;
The monitoring temperature step, periodicity detects the current minimum temperature of cell in the batteries, carries out charged state according to this current minimum temperature and switches:
If this current minimum temperature is lower than initial threshold T
Set0, then switch to the front heating process of charging;
If being higher than, this current minimum temperature equals initial threshold T
Set0And be lower than switching threshold T
Set1, then switch to the heating charging process;
If being higher than, this initial minimum temperature equals switching threshold T
Set1, then switch to the process of charging normal;
The monitoring temperature step repeats until battery charging is complete;
Wherein utilize external power supply to drive electric heater unit before charging in the heating process batteries is heated, whole electric currents of external power supply are used for electric heater unit; Heating utilizes in the charging process external power supply to drive simultaneously electric heater unit batteries to be heated and batteries is charged, and the one part of current of external power supply is used for electric heater unit; Charge normal and utilize external power supply to be battery charging in the process, whole electric currents of external power supply are used to battery charging.
2. electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the heating process, batteries is exported little electric current to eliminate current ripple and sensor error before charging.
3. electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, when carrying out the switching of charged state, and the interval Δ t of set temperature hysteresis.
4. electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the interval Δ t of described temperature hysteresis is 1 ℃.
5. electric motor car low-temperature heat charging method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, for LiFePO4 ion accumulator group, and described switching threshold T
Set1With initial threshold T
Set0For: T
Set1=3 ℃; T
Set0=0 ℃.
6. an electric motor car low-temperature heat charging device is characterized in that, comprising:
Batteries comprises several cells, is provided with temperature-detecting device in the described batteries, and temperature-detecting device detects the minimum temperature of cell in the batteries;
Electric heater unit is the batteries heating;
Vehicular charger, Vehicular charger are connected to external power supply and alternating current is converted to direct current supplies with described batteries or electric heater unit;
The high pressure junction box connects Vehicular charger, batteries and electric heater unit;
Wherein, temperature-detecting device detects described minimum temperature and is lower than initial threshold T
Set0The time switch to heating process before the charging, the electric current of Vehicular charger output all is transferred to electric heater unit via the high pressure junction box; Temperature-detecting device detects described minimum temperature and is higher than and equals initial threshold T
Set0And be lower than switching threshold T
Set1The time switch to the charging heating process, the electric current of Vehicular charger output is transferred to electric heater unit via a high pressure junction box part, another part is transferred to batteries; Temperature-detecting device detects described minimum temperature and is higher than and equals switching threshold T
Set1The time switch to the process of charging normal, the electric current of Vehicular charger output all is transferred to batteries via the high pressure junction box.
7. electric motor car low-temperature heat charging device as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, in the heating process, batteries is exported little electric current to eliminate current ripple and sensor error before charging, and this little electric current drives electric heater unit with the electric current of Vehicular charger output.
8. electric motor car low-temperature heat charging device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, when carrying out the switching of charged state, and the interval Δ t of set temperature hysteresis, the interval Δ t of temperature hysteresis is 1 ℃.
9. electric motor car low-temperature heat charging device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, for LiFePO4 ion accumulator group, and described switching threshold T
Set1With initial threshold T
Set0For: T
Set1=3 ℃; T
Set0=0 ℃.
10. electric motor car low-temperature heat charging device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises vehicle control device and battery controller;
Vehicle control device is connected between electric heater unit and the Vehicular charging device, and vehicle control device is transmitting signal flow between electric heater unit and Vehicular charging device;
Battery controller is connected between batteries and the Vehicular charging device, and battery controller is transmitting signal flow between batteries and Vehicular charging device.
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CN107331922A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-07 | 宝沃汽车(中国)有限公司 | Power battery charging heating system and control method, electrokinetic cell bag and vehicle |
CN105762436A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-07-13 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Power battery heating system of electric vehicle and control method of power battery heating system |
CN106025440A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Heating control circuit, control method and mobile terminal |
CN106688136A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-05-17 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Battery heating method, battery control system, battery and unmanned aerial vehicle |
WO2018076327A1 (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-03 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Battery heating method, battery control system, battery and unmanned aerial vehicle |
CN106627207A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-05-10 | 惠州市蓝微新源技术有限公司 | Electric car power cell automatic preheating method |
CN112895980A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-06-04 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Low-temperature charging method and device for new energy automobile |
CN112895980B (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2023-12-15 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | New energy automobile low-temperature charging method and device |
CN111175654A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-19 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | Power battery charging remaining time calculation method and device, vehicle and storage medium |
CN112721572A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-04-30 | 镇江海姆霍兹传热传动系统有限公司 | Electric vehicle, control system thereof and electric heating device |
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