CN103326110B - three-dimensional spiral antenna and its application - Google Patents
three-dimensional spiral antenna and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN103326110B CN103326110B CN201310098000.5A CN201310098000A CN103326110B CN 103326110 B CN103326110 B CN 103326110B CN 201310098000 A CN201310098000 A CN 201310098000A CN 103326110 B CN103326110 B CN 103326110B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
- H01Q9/27—Spiral antennas
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to three-dimensional spiral antenna and its application.This three-dimensional spiral antenna includes substrate, helical antenna element and distributing point.Substrate includes 3D shape area.Helical antenna element is supported and matched so that this helical antenna element has the global shape close to 3D shape with this 3D shape area by 3D shape area.Distributing point is coupled to the junction point of helical antenna element.
Description
Cross-Reference to Related Applications
This application claims in the U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/614,685 of on March 23rd, 2012 submission, in 2012 11
U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/731,949 and the U. S utility patent Shen submitted on December 19th, 2012 that the moon 30 was submitted to
Please the priority of the 13/720th, No. 565, it is integrally hereby incorporated by the part for reference and as the application.
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to wireless communication system, more particularly, to sky used in this wireless communication system
Line structure.
Background technology
Known communication system supports the wireless and wire communication wirelessly and/or between wire communication device.This communication system
The scope of system is from domestic and/or international cell telephone system to the Internet, to point-to-point family wireless network, to RF identification
（RFID）System, arrive radio frequency radar system again.Each type of communication system builds according to one or more communication standard, and
Therefore run.For example, radio frequency（RF）Wireless communication system can run according to one or more standard, these standards include but not
It is limited to, RFID, IEEE802.11, bluetooth, advanced mobile phone service（AMPS）, digital AMPS, global system for mobile communications
（GSM）, CDMA（CDMA）, WCDMA, LMDS（LMDS）, Multichannel, Multipoint Distribution System（MMDS）、
LTE, WiMAX and/or its deformation.As another example, infrared（IR）Communication system can be run according to one or more standard,
These standards include but is not limited to IrDA（Infrared Data Association）.
For participating in the RF radio communication device of radio communication, it includes built-in radio transceiver（That is, receptor
And transmitter）Or it is coupled to associated radio transceiver（For example, for family and/or indoor wireless communication network
Website, RF modem etc.）.Receptor be coupled to antenna and include low-noise amplifier, one or more intermediater-frequency stage,
Filtering stage data recovers level.Transmitter includes data modulating stage, one or more intermediater-frequency stage and power amplifier, this transmitter
It is coupled to antenna.
Because radio communication is with antenna beginning and end, so appropriately designed antenna structure is the weight of radio communication device
Want ingredient.It is known that antenna structure is configured to have the impedance needed at operating frequency（For example, 50 ohm）、
Desire bandwidth centered on required operating frequency and Len req（For example, for unipole antenna operating frequency 1/4
Wavelength）.As it is further known that, antenna structure may include single one pole or dipole antenna, diversity antenna structure, have identical
Polarization（Polarization, polarization）Aerial array, have different polarization aerial array and/or any number of other electricity
Magnetic characteristic.
Known two-dimensional antenna includes curved patterns or microstrip configurations.For efficient antenna operation, antenna length pair
Should be 1/4 wavelength in unipole antenna, and 1/2 wavelength, wherein, wavelength be should be for dipole antenna（λ）=c/f, wherein c are the light velocity,
And f is frequency.For example, 1/4 wavelength antennas of 900MHz have about 8.3 centimetres（That is, 0.25 × (3 × 108m/s)/(900×
106C/s)=0.25 × 33cm, wherein, m/s is metre per second (m/s), and c/s is that the cycle is per second）Total length.As another example,
1/4 wavelength antennas of 2400MHz have about 3.1cm（That is, 0.25 × (3 × 108m/s)/(2.4×109c/s)=0.25×
12.5cm）Total length.
Although two-dimensional antenna is many radio communication devices provides rational antenna performance, when radio communication device needs
Want full-duplex operation and/or multi input and/or multi output（For example, single input and multi-output, multiple-input and multiple-output, multi input list are defeated
Go out）Have problems during operation.For example, the Full-duplex wireless communications for being worked very well, the RF signal being received must be with institute
The RF signal isolation of transmitting（For example,>20dBm）.A kind of conventional mechanism is to use isolator.Another conventional mechanism is using duplex
Device.
Content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of three-dimensional spiral antenna, including：Substrate, has 3D shape area（three-
dimensional shaped region）；Helical antenna element, by described 3D shape area support and with described 3D shape
Area matches so that described helical antenna element has the global shape close to 3D shape；And distributing point（feed
point）, it is coupled to the junction point of described helical antenna element.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, described helical antenna element includes one of following：Spiral of Archimedes shape
Shape；And equiangular spiral shape, wherein, the gain of described three-dimensional spiral antenna has spiral gain component and three-dimensional gain divides
Amount.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, described helical antenna element includes one of following：Symmetric helix pattern；And
Eccentric screw pattern.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, described substrate includes one of following：One or more printed circuit board (PCB)s；One
Or multiple IC substrate package；And non-conductive assembled antenna back structure（non-conductive fabricated
antenna backing structure）.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, described helical antenna element includes：There is essentially solid the leading of multiturn spiral fluted
Electric material, wherein, the low side of the frequency band of the described three-dimensional spiral antenna radius based on described helical antenna element, and wherein,
Described frequency band high-end based at least one of the following：The radius of the inner coil of described helical antenna element and described feed
The radius of point.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, described helical antenna element includes：Wire, it is spiral-shaped to be formed multiturn, its
In, the low side of the frequency band of the described three-dimensional spiral antenna radius based on described helical antenna element, and wherein, described frequency band
High-end based at least one of the following：The radius of the inner coil of described helical antenna element and the radius of described distributing point.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, described 3D shape area includes one of following：Cup-shaped；Cone；Cylindrical；
Pyramid；Box-like；Spherical；Parabola shaped；And hyperbola.
Present invention also offers a kind of three-dimensional spiral antenna, including：Substrate, has 3D shape area；First helical antenna
Element, is supported and matched with described 3D shape area by described 3D shape area；Second helical antenna element, with described first
Helical antenna element is interleaved with each other, wherein, described second helical antenna element supported by three-dimensional cup area and with described three-dimensional cup
Shape area matches so that described first helical antenna element being interleaved with each other and described second helical antenna element have close to three
The global shape of dimension shape；And distributing point, it is coupled to described first helical antenna element and described second helical antenna element
At least one of junction point.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, each in described first helical antenna element and described second helical antenna element
One of below individual inclusion：Spiral of Archimedes shape；And equiangular spiral shape, wherein, described three-dimensional spiral antenna
Gain there is spiral gain component and three-dimensional gain component.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, each in described first helical antenna element and described second helical antenna element
One of below individual inclusion：Symmetric helix pattern；And eccentric screw pattern.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, described substrate includes one of following：One or more printed circuit board (PCB)s；One
Or multiple IC substrate package；And non-conductive assembled antenna back structure.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, each in described first helical antenna element and described second helical antenna element
Individual inclusion：Essentially solid conductive material, wherein, multiturn helicla flute separates described first helical antenna element and described second spiral shell
Rotation antenna element, wherein, the low side of the frequency band of described three-dimensional spiral antenna is based on the described first helical antenna unit being interleaved with each other
Part and the radius of described second helical antenna element, and wherein, described frequency band high-end based at least one of the following：Mutually
Described first helical antenna element interweaving and the radius of inner coil of described second helical antenna element and described feed
The radius of point.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, each in described first helical antenna element and described second helical antenna element
Individual inclusion：Wire, it is spiral-shaped to be formed multiturn, and wherein, the low side of the frequency band of described three-dimensional spiral antenna is based on and mutually intersects
Described first helical antenna element knitted and the radius of described second helical antenna element, and wherein, described frequency band high-end
Based at least one of the following：Described first helical antenna element that is interleaved with each other and described second helical antenna element interior
The radius of lateral coil and the radius of described distributing point.
In above-mentioned three-dimensional spiral antenna, described 3D shape area includes one of following：Cup-shaped；Cone；Cylindrical；
Pyramid；Box-like；Spherical；Parabola shaped；And hyperbola.
The invention provides a kind of radio frequency（RF）Front-end module, including：Operationally transmitting-receiving inbound radio frequency signal and outbound
The three-dimensional spiral antenna of radiofrequency signal, described three-dimensional spiral antenna includes：Substrate, has 3D shape area；Helical antenna element,
Supported and matched with described 3D shape area so that described helical antenna element has close to three-dimensional by described 3D shape area
The global shape of shape；And distributing point, it is coupled to the junction point of described helical antenna element；Receive-send isolation module, can
It is operatively coupled to described three-dimensional spiral antenna, wherein, described reception-transmission isolation module is operatively isolating described inbound and penetrates
Frequency signal and described outbound radio frequency signal；And operationally tune the tuner module of described reception-transmission isolation module.
Above-mentioned RF front-end module also includes at least one of the following：Power amplifier, is operatively coupled to described
Receive-send isolation module, wherein, described power amplifier amplifies up-conversion exit signal to produce described outbound radio frequency letter
Number；And low-noise amplifier, it is operatively coupled to described reception-transmission isolation module, wherein, described low-noise amplifier
Amplify described inbound radio frequency signal.
Above-mentioned RF front-end module also includes：Integrated circuit（IC）Chip, including described tuner module；And integrated circuit
Base plate for packaging, supports described IC chip, and is the described substrate including three-dimensional cup area, wherein, described connects T-R
Isolation module is sent to be located on described IC chip or described IC substrate package.
In above-mentioned RF front-end module, described helical antenna element includes one of following：Archimedes's symmetric helix
Shape；Archimedes's eccentric screw shape；Isogonism symmetric helix shape；And isogonism eccentric screw shape.
In above-mentioned RF front-end module, described helical antenna element includes one of following：There is multiturn spiral fluted
Essentially solid conductive material；And wire, it is spiral-shaped to be formed multiturn, wherein, the frequency band of described three-dimensional spiral antenna
The radius based on described helical antenna element for the low side, and wherein, described frequency band high-end based at least one of the following：
The radius of the inner coil of described helical antenna element and the radius of described distributing point.
In above-mentioned RF front-end module, described three-dimensional spiral antenna includes：Second helical antenna element, with the first spiral sky
Kind of thread elements is interleaved with each other, wherein, described second helical antenna element supported by three-dimensional cup area and with described three-dimensional cup area phase
Coupling is so that described first helical antenna element being interleaved with each other and described second helical antenna element have close to described three-dimensional
The global shape of shape；And distributing point, it is coupled to the junction point of described second helical antenna element.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic block diagram of embodiment of the radio communication device according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic block diagram of embodiment of the RF front-end module according to the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of axonometric drawing of embodiment of the dimensional antenna according to the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the axonometric drawing of another embodiment of the dimensional antenna according to the present invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of schematic diagram of embodiment of the helical antenna element according to the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the helical antenna element according to the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the helical antenna element according to the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the helical antenna element according to the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the axonometric drawing of another embodiment of the dimensional antenna according to the present invention；
Figure 10 is a kind of sectional view of embodiment of the dimensional antenna according to the present invention；
Figure 11 is the sectional view of another embodiment of the dimensional antenna according to the present invention；
Figure 12 is the axonometric drawing of another embodiment of the dimensional antenna according to the present invention；
Figure 13 is the axonometric drawing of another embodiment of the dimensional antenna according to the present invention；
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the helical antenna element according to the present invention；
Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the helical antenna element according to the present invention；
Figure 16 is a kind of sectional view of embodiment of the dimensional antenna according to the present invention；And
Figure 17 is the sectional view of another embodiment of the dimensional antenna according to the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic block diagram of embodiment of radio communication device 5, and this radio communication device includes radio frequency
（RF）At front-end module 10, power amplifier 18, low-noise amplifier 20, up-converter module 22, down conversion module 24 and base band
Reason module 26.RF front-end module 10 includes three-dimensional（3D）Helical antenna 12, reception-send（RX-TX）Isolation module 14 and tuning
Module 16.
Communicator 5 can be any device that can be carried by people, can be at least partly battery-powered, receive including radio
Send out device（For example, radio frequency（RF）And/or millimeter wave（MMW））, and execute one or more software application.For example, communicator 5
Can be cell phone, laptop computer, personal digital assistant, video game controller, electronic game machine, personal entertainment dress
Put, panel computer etc..
In an example sending outbound RF signal, baseband processing module 26 is according to communication standard or agreement by outbound number
According to（For example, voice, text, video, figure, video file, audio file etc.）Be converted to one or more outbound symbol stream.Can
To be the up-converter module 22 of direct modular converter or super-heterodyne conversion module, one or more outbound symbol stream are converted to one
Individual or multiple up-conversion signals.Power amplifier 18 amplify this one or more up-conversion signal, with produce one or more go out
Stand RF signal.Outbound RF signal is isolated by RX-TX isolation module 14 with inbound RF signal, and outbound RF signal is supplied to 3D spiral shell
Rotation antenna 12 is for sending.Note, tuner module 16 is tuned to RX-TX isolation module 14.
In the example receiving one or more inbound RF signal, 3D antenna 12 receives inbound RF signal, and is provided
To RX-TX isolation module 14.RX-TX isolation module 14 by inbound RF signal and outbound RF signal isolation, and by inbound RF signal
It is supplied to low-noise amplifier 20.Low-noise amplifier 20 amplifies inbound RF signal, and can be Direct-conversion module or super
The down conversion module 24 of heterodyne conversion module, the inbound RF signal of amplification is converted to one or more inbound symbol streams.Base band
The circulation of one or more inbound symbol is changed to inbound data by processing module 26.
RF front-end module 10 can be implemented as the integrated circuit including one or more IC chips and IC package substrate（IC）.
Tuner module 16 is embodied in one or more IC chips.IC chip supported by IC package substrate, and may also include 3D spiral sky
Line 12.RX-TX isolation module 14 can be embodied on one or more IC chips and/or IC package substrate.Power amplifier 18,
One or more of low-noise amplifier 20, up-converter module 22, down conversion module 24 and baseband processing module 26 can be by realities
Apply in one or more IC chips.
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic block diagram of embodiment of RF front-end module 10, and this RF front-end module includes 3D spiral sky
Line 12, the duplexer 14-1 as RX-TX isolation module 14 and balance network 14-2 and the resistance as tuner module 16 divide
Depressor（R1 and R2）, detector 34 and tuning engine 36.Duplexer 14-1 is ideally used to secondary windings are added by inbound RF
The voltage that signal 32 senses on two armature windings, and the electricity being sensed by outbound RF signal 30 is deducted on two armature windings
So that there is not outbound RF signal in pressure, and inbound RF signal occurs twice on the secondary winding on the secondary winding.It is based on and be derived from
The feedback of tuner module 16, balance network 14-2 adjusts its impedance substantially to mate the impedance of 3D helical antenna so that duplexer
Carry out work closer to perfect condition.
Fig. 3 is a kind of axonometric drawing of embodiment of dimensional antenna 12, and this dimensional antenna includes substrate 40, helical antenna unit
Part 46 and be coupled to helical antenna element 46 junction point distributing point 48.Can be one or more printed circuit board (PCB)s, one
Or the substrate 40 of multiple IC substrate packages and/or non-conductive assembled antenna back structure, including exterior three dimensional shape
Area 42（For example, surface or the periphery of substrate 40 are extended beyond）.Helical antenna element 46 supported by 3D shape area 42 and with
This 3D shape area matches so that helical antenna element 46 has the global shape close to 3D shape.
For example, when 3D shape area 42 has hyperbolic shape, helical antenna element has big with 3D shape area 42
The hyperbolic shape of about same size.As another example, substrate 40 can be by 3D shape area 42 around（encompass）With
The non-conductive antenna back structure of hyperbola antenna is provided（For example, plastics, glass, glass fibre etc.）.Hyperbolic shape
Diameter range can be from for high frequency（For example, tens GHz）And/or several microns of lower-wattage application arrive for low frequency and/or
Tens meters of higher-power applications.
As another example, 3D shape area 42 has cone shape so that helical antenna element 46 also has cone
Shape, and roughly the same with the size in 3D shape area 42.3D shape area 42 can have other shapes, such as cup-shaped, cylindrical,
Pyramid, box-like（As shown in Figure 3）, spherical or parabola shaped.
Fig. 4 is the axonometric drawing of another embodiment of dimensional antenna 12, and this dimensional antenna includes substrate 40, helical antenna unit
Part 46 and be coupled to helical antenna element 46 junction point distributing point 48.Can be one or more printed circuit board (PCB)s, one
Or the substrate 40 of multiple IC substrate packages and/or non-conductive assembled antenna back structure, including interior three-dimensional shape
Area 44（For example, extend internally with respect to the surface of substrate 40 or outer rim）.Helical antenna element 46 is supported by 3D shape area 44
And match so that helical antenna element 46 has the global shape close to 3D shape with this 3D shape area 44.Three-dimensional shaped
Shape area 44 can have cup-shaped, parabola shaped, conical, box-like（As shown in Figure 4）, cylindrical, pyramid or spherical.
Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of helical antenna element 46 of 3D antenna 12, and this 3D antenna has a circle
Or multiturn is spiral-shaped.This is spiral-shaped can be spiral of Archimedes shape and/or equiangular spiral shape（For example, fill in
The special spiral of that）.Due to the spinning behaviour of helical antenna element 46, antenna has the gain of about 3dB（For example, spiral gain divides
Amount）, because contrary radiation lobe is inverted, so that forward radiation mode of energy is doubled.Three-dimensional shaped due to antenna element
Shape, antenna gain further increased about 2dB（For example, three-dimensional gain component）.Therefore, 3D helical antenna 12 has about 5dB
Gain.
The working band of 3D helical antenna 12 is at least partially based on the physical attribute of antenna 12.For example, the exciting of antenna 12
Area（That is, distributing point and/or interior circle radius）Size establish the upper cut-off region of bandwidth, and the periphery of helical antenna 12 is set up
The lower cut-off region of bandwidth.Spiral pattern creates circular polarization.The distance between track width, trace, each spiral part
Length, the quality factor that antenna 12 can be affected to the distance of ground level and/or the use of artificial magnetic conductor plane, radiation mode,
Impedance（Fairly constant in bandwidth）, gain and/or other characteristics.
As shown in figure 5, helical antenna element 46 includes being formed the spiral wire of multiturn.Length, width and circle it
Between distance depend on antenna desirable characteristics（For example, bandwidth, mid frequency, quality factor, impedance, polarization etc.）.Fig. 6 illustrates
Include the helical antenna element 46 with multiturn spiral fluted generally solid conductive material.Fig. 7 shows including having
The wire of symmetric helix pattern 52 or the helical antenna element 46 of generally solid conductor realization, this symmetric helix pattern creates
It is basically perpendicular to the radiation mode of distributing point.Fig. 8 shows including the wire with eccentric screw pattern 54 or essentially real
The helical antenna element 46 that the conductor of the heart is realized, this eccentric screw pattern creates the radiation mode being not orthogonal to distributing point.
Fig. 9 is the axonometric drawing of dimensional antenna 12, and this dimensional antenna includes the nemaline helical antenna element in three dimensional parabolic
46.In this exemplary embodiment, substrate 40 only includes 3D shape area 42 or 44.Therefore, 3D antenna 12 is that have above-mentioned spy
The parabolic screw antenna of property.Note, helical antenna element 46 can be implemented according to one or more of Fig. 5 to Fig. 8.
Figure 10 is the sectional view only including the nemaline dimensional antenna of three dimensional parabolic 12, and this dimensional antenna includes helical antenna
Element 46 and substrate 40.Figure 11 is the sectional view of the dimensional antenna 12 only including three dimensional hyperbolic shape, and this dimensional antenna includes
Helical antenna element 46 and substrate 40.Therefore, 3D antenna 12 is the hyperbolic spiral antenna with above-mentioned characteristic.Note, spiral sky
Kind of thread elements 46 can be implemented according to one or more of Fig. 5 to Fig. 8.
Figure 12 is the axonometric drawing of another embodiment of dimensional antenna 12, and this dimensional antenna includes substrate 40, interwoven spiral
Antenna element 60 and be coupled to interwoven spiral antenna element 60 junction point distributing point 62.It can be one or more printing electricity
The substrate 40 of road plate, one or more IC substrate package and/or non-conductive assembled antenna back structure, including outside
3D shape area 42（Extend beyond surface or the periphery of substrate 40）.Interwoven spiral antenna element 60 includes the first helical antenna
Element and the second helical antenna element, and supported by 3D shape area 42 and match with this 3D shape area so that intertexture spiral shell
Rotation antenna element 60 has the global shape close to 3D shape.
For example, when 3D shape area 42 has hyperbolic shape, interwoven spiral antenna element 60 has and 3D shape
Area 42 hyperbolic shape in approximate same size.As another example, substrate 40 can be around to provide by 3D shape area 42
The non-conductive antenna back structure of hyperbola antenna（For example, plastics, glass, glass fibre etc.）.Hyp diameter range
Can be from for high frequency（For example, tens GHz）And/or several microns of low power applications arrive and answer for low frequency and/or higher-wattage
Tens meters.
As another example, 3D shape area 42 has cone shape so that interwoven spiral antenna element 60 also has circle
Cone-shaped and roughly the same with the size in 3D shape area 42.3D shape area 42 can have other shapes, such as cup-shaped, cylinder
Shape, pyramid, box-like（As shown in figure 12）, spherical or parabola shaped.
Figure 13 is the axonometric drawing of another embodiment of dimensional antenna 12, and this dimensional antenna includes substrate 40, interwoven spiral
Antenna element 60 and be coupled to interwoven spiral antenna element junction point distributing point 62.Can be one or more printed circuits
The substrate 40 of plate, one or more IC substrate package and/or non-conductive assembled antenna back structure, including internal three
Dimension shape area 44（For example, extend internally with respect to the surface of substrate 40 or outer rim）.Interwoven spiral antenna element 60 is by three-dimensional shaped
Shape area 44 is supported and is matched so that interwoven spiral antenna element 60 has the entirety close to 3D shape with this 3D shape area
Shape.3D shape area 44 can have cup-shaped, parabola shaped, conical, box-like（As shown in Figure 4）, cylindrical, pyramid or ball
Shape.
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of interwoven spiral antenna element 60, and this interwoven spiral antenna element includes
First helical antenna element 60-1 and the second helical antenna element 60-2.In first and second helical antenna element 60-1 and 60-2
Each all can have spiral of Archimedes shape or equiangular spiral shape.Additionally, the first and second helical antenna elements
Each of all can have symmetric helix pattern or eccentric screw pattern.Further, the first and second helical antenna element
Each of may each comprise and be formed the spiral-shaped wire of multiturn.
Due to the spinning behaviour of interwoven spiral antenna element 60, antenna 12 has the gain of about 3dB（For example, spiral gain
Component）, because contrary radiation lobe is inverted, so that forward radiation mode of energy is doubled.Three-dimensional due to antenna element
Shape, antenna gain further increased about 2dB（For example, three-dimensional gain component）.Therefore, 3D helical antenna 12 has about
The gain of 5dB.
The working band of 3D helical antenna 12 is at least partially based on the physical attribute of antenna 12.For example, the exciting of antenna 12
Area（That is, distributing point and/or interior circle radius）Size establish the upper cut-off region of bandwidth, and the girth of helical antenna 12 is set up
The lower cut-off region of bandwidth.Interwoven spiral pattern creates circular polarization.The distance between track width, trace, each spire
Point length, the quality factor of antenna 12, radiation mode can be affected to the distance of ground level and/or the use of artificial magnetic conductor plane
Formula, impedance（Relatively more constant in bandwidth）, gain and/or other characteristics.
In instantiation, 20mm radius（For example, 2 × π × 20=125.66mm girth）Provide the low cut-off of about 2GHz
Frequency, and the lasing region with about 5mm radius establishes the higher cutoff frequency of about 8GHz.Therefore, the antenna of this particular instance
There is the bandwidth of the 2-8GHz centered on 5GHz.
Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of interwoven spiral antenna element 60, and this interwoven spiral antenna element includes
First helical antenna element 60-1 and the second helical antenna element 60-2.In first and second helical antenna element 60-1 and 60-2
Each all can have spiral of Archimedes shape or equiangular spiral shape.Additionally, the first and second helical antenna elements
Each of all can have symmetric helix pattern or eccentric screw pattern.Further, interwoven spiral antenna element 60 is permissible
It is generally solid conductive material, wherein, multiturn helicla flute separates the first and second helical antenna element 60-1 and 60-2.
Figure 16 is a kind of sectional view of the embodiment only including the nemaline dimensional antenna of three dimensional parabolic 12, this three-dimensional sky
Line includes interwoven spiral antenna element 60 and substrate 40.Therefore, 3D antenna 12 is the parabolic screw antenna with above-mentioned characteristic.
Note, this helical antenna element 46 can be implemented according to one or more of Figure 13 and Figure 14.
Figure 17 is the sectional view of the dimensional antenna 12 only including three dimensional hyperbolic shape, and this dimensional antenna includes interwoven spiral
Antenna element 60 and substrate 40.Therefore, 3D antenna 12 is the hyperbolic spiral antenna with above-mentioned characteristic.Note, this helical antenna
Element 46 can be implemented according to one or more of Figure 13 and Figure 14.
As used herein, term " basic " and " about " are that dependency between its corresponding entry and/or item provides and in the industry may be used
The tolerance accepting.This in the industry acceptable tolerance include from the scope less than 1% to 50%, and corresponding to but be not limited to components values, collection
Become circuit technology change, temperature change, lifting number of times and/or thermal noise.This dependency between is included from a few percent
Difference is to the scope of a large amount of differences.Also as used herein, term " being operatively coupled to ", " being coupled to " and/or " coupling " wraps
Include between directly coupling between item and/or item via middle entry（For example, item include but is not limited to assembly, element, circuit and/
Or module）Indirectly couple, wherein, for indirectly coupling, middle entry does not change signal message, but can adjust its levels of current,
Voltage levvl and/or power level.As can also be used herein, deduction couples（That is, one of element is coupled to separately by deduction
One element）Including between two items with directly or indirectly the coupling of " being coupled to " identical mode.As can also be used herein, art
Language " operationally " or " being operatively coupled to " instruction more than one power supply of a certain inclusion connect, input, exporting etc., so that
Execute more than one its corresponding function when being activated, and may also include deduction and be coupled to more than one other.As also may be used herein
Use, term " with ... be associated " inclusion independent item directly and/or indirectly couple and/or an item embeds in another.As
Used herein, term " preferably comparing " represents and relatively provides desired relationship between plural item, signal etc..For example,
When desired relationship has the amplitude bigger than signal 2 for signal 1, when signal 1 amplitude be more than signal 2 amplitude when or work as
When the amplitude of signal 2 is less than the amplitude of signal 1, can achieve and preferably compare.
Also as used herein, term " processing module ", " process circuit " and/or " processing unit " can be that single process fills
Put or multiple processing meanss.This processing means can be microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, pico computer, in
Central Processing Unit, field programmable gate array, PLD, state machine, logic circuit, analog circuit, digital circuit
And/or based on circuit hard coded and/or operational order come manipulation signal（Analog and/or digital）Any device.Processing module,
Module, process circuit and/or processing unit can be or also include memorizer and/or integral memory element, this memorizer
And/or integral memory element can be single memory device, multiple storage arrangement and/or another processing module, module,
Process circuit and/or the flush type circuit of processing unit.This storage arrangement can be read only memory, random access memory
Device, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, caching and/or storage numeral letter
Any device of breath.Note, if processing module, module, process circuit and/or processing unit include more than one process dress
Put, then this processing means can be by centralized location（For example, it is directly coupled to together via wiredly and/or wirelessly bus structures）,
Or can be by Distributed localization（For example, the cloud computing indirectly coupling via LAN and/or wide area network）.If it is further noted that place
Reason module, module, process circuit and/or processing unit come via state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or logic circuit
Implement one function above, then the memorizer of storage corresponding operating instruction and/or memory element can embed including state machine, mould
Intend in the circuit of circuit, digital circuit and/or logic circuit or in this circuit external.It is further noted that memory element can store
And processing module, module, process circuit and/or processing unit can perform corresponding to more than one step shown in the drawings and/
Or the hard coded of at least some of function and/or operational order.This storage device or memory element may include in the product.
Describe the present invention using the method and step of the performance illustrating its specified function and relation above.For ease of retouching
State, arbitrarily define border and the order of these functional modules and method and step herein.The substituting border of definable and order,
As long as specified function and relation can suitably be executed.Therefore, this substituting border any or order all advocated right this
In bright scope and thought.Additionally, for ease of description, arbitrarily defining the border that these functions touch block.The substituting side of definable
Boundary, as long as specific critical function can suitably be executed.Similarly, also arbitrarily define flow chart block herein so that specific important work(to be described
Energy.For reaching used degree, the border of flow chart block and order can otherwise define and still execute specific important work(
Energy.Therefore, this substituting definition of functional device and flow chart block and order all advocated right the scope of the present invention with
In thought.Those of ordinary skill in the art are it will also be appreciated that functions herein block and other illustrated blocks, module and assembly can
To implement according to shown, or by discrete assembly, special IC, execute processor etc. of suitable software or they
Any combinations are implementing.
The present invention is also described in the form of more than one embodiments at least in part.Embodiments of the present invention
Herein it is used for the present invention, the aspect of the present invention, the feature of the present invention, idea of the invention and/or the present invention are described
Example.Embody assembly of the invention, the physical embodiments of product, machine and/or process may include with reference to discussed in this article
More than one embodiment come to describe more than one aspect, feature, concept, example etc..Additionally, from figure to figure, these
Embodiment combination can use the function of same or like name of identical or different reference, step, module etc., and because
This, these functions, step, module etc. can be same or similar function, step, module etc. or different functions, step,
Module etc..
Unless otherwise indicated, go to the element in any accompanying drawing given herein, be derived from any accompanying drawing given herein
Element and/or the signal between the element in any accompanying drawing given herein can be analog or digital, Time Continuous
Or it is time-discrete and single-ended or difference.For example, if signal path is shown as single-ended path, signal may also indicate that difference
Sub-signal path.Similarly, if signal path is shown as difference path, signal may also indicate that single-ended signaling paths.As this
Field those of ordinary skill recognized, while characterized as more than one particular architecture, but equally can implement to make
Be not explicitly depicted more than one data/address bus, interelement be directly connected to and/or other elements between indirectly couple
Other architectures.
Term " module " is used in the description to the various embodiments of the present invention.Can as described in this article, module
Including the processing module for executing one or more functions, functional device, hardware and/or storage software in memory.Note
Meaning, if this module to be implemented via hardware, hardware can independently and/or with reference to software and/or firmware run.As made herein
With module may include one or more submodules, and it can be each one or more modules.
Although being expressly recited the various functions of the present invention and the concrete combination of feature, these features and function herein
Other combinations equally possible.The present invention not limited by instantiation disclosed herein, and clearly includes these other groups
Close.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of radio communication device including three-dimensional spiral antenna, including：
Three-dimensional spiral antenna, described three-dimensional spiral antenna includes：
Substrate, has flat site and the 3D shape area extending beyond substrate surface or periphery；
Helical antenna element, is supported and matched with described 3D shape area by described 3D shape area so that described spiral sky
Kind of thread elements has the global shape close to described 3D shape；And
Distributing point, is coupled to the junction point of described helical antenna element,
Wherein, described helical antenna element includes eccentric screw pattern,
Wherein, described helical antenna element includes：
There is the essentially solid conductive material of multiturn spiral fluted, wherein, the low side of the frequency band of described three-dimensional spiral antenna is based on
The radius of described helical antenna element, and wherein, described frequency band high-end based at least one of the following：Described spiral sky
The radius of the inner coil of kind of thread elements and the radius of described distributing point.
2. radio communication device according to claim 1, wherein, described helical antenna element includes one of following：
Spiral of Archimedes shape；And
Equiangular spiral shape, wherein, the gain of described three-dimensional spiral antenna has spiral gain component and three-dimensional gain component.
3. radio communication device according to claim 1, wherein, described substrate includes one of following：
One or more printed circuit board (PCB)s；
One or more IC substrate packages；And
Non-conductive assembled antenna back structure.
4. radio communication device according to claim 1, wherein, described helical antenna element includes：
Wire, it is spiral-shaped to be formed multiturn, and wherein, the low side of the frequency band of described three-dimensional spiral antenna is based on described spiral sky
The radius of kind of thread elements, and wherein, described frequency band high-end based at least one of the following：Described helical antenna element interior
The radius of lateral coil and the radius of described distributing point.
5. radio communication device according to claim 1, wherein, described 3D shape area includes one of following：
Cup-shaped；
Cone；
Cylindrical；
Pyramid；
Box-like；
Spherical；
Parabola shaped；And
Hyperbola.
6. a kind of radio communication device including three-dimensional spiral antenna, including：
Three-dimensional spiral antenna, described three-dimensional spiral antenna includes：
Substrate, has flat site and the 3D shape area extending beyond substrate surface or periphery；
First helical antenna element, is supported and matched with described 3D shape area by described 3D shape area；
Second helical antenna element, is interleaved with each other with described first helical antenna element, wherein, described second helical antenna element
Described first helical antenna element being supported and matched with described three-dimensional cup area by three-dimensional cup area so that be interleaved with each other and
Described second helical antenna element has the global shape close to 3D shape；And
Distributing point, is coupled to the connection of at least one of described first helical antenna element and described second helical antenna element
Point,
Wherein, each of described first helical antenna element and described second helical antenna element include eccentric screw figure
Case,
Wherein, each of described first helical antenna element and described second helical antenna element include：
There is the essentially solid conductive material of multiturn spiral fluted, wherein, the low side of the frequency band of described three-dimensional spiral antenna is based on
Described first helical antenna element and the radius of described second helical antenna element, and wherein, the high-end of described frequency band is based on
At least one of the following：The radius of inner coil of described first helical antenna element and described second helical antenna element and
The radius of described distributing point.
7. a kind of radio communication device including radio frequency (RF) front-end module, including：
The operationally three-dimensional spiral antenna of transmitting-receiving inbound radio frequency signal and outbound radio frequency signal, described three-dimensional spiral antenna bag
Include：
Substrate, has flat site and the 3D shape area extending beyond substrate surface or periphery；
Helical antenna element, is supported and matched with described 3D shape area by described 3D shape area so that described spiral sky
Kind of thread elements has the global shape close to 3D shape；And
Distributing point, is coupled to the junction point of described helical antenna element,
Wherein, described helical antenna element includes eccentric screw pattern,
Wherein, described helical antenna element includes：
There is the essentially solid conductive material of multiturn spiral fluted, wherein, the low side of the frequency band of described three-dimensional spiral antenna is based on
The radius of described helical antenna element, and wherein, described frequency band high-end based at least one of the following：Described spiral sky
The radius of the inner coil of kind of thread elements and the radius of described distributing point；
Receive-send isolation module, be operatively coupled to described three-dimensional spiral antenna, wherein, described reception-transmission isolation mode
Block is operatively isolating described inbound radio frequency signal and described outbound radio frequency signal；And
Operationally tune the tuner module of described reception-transmission isolation module.
8. radio communication device according to claim 7, also includes：
Integrated circuit (IC) chip, including described tuner module；And
IC substrate package, supports described IC chip, and is the described substrate including three-dimensional cup area, its
In, described reception-transmission isolation module is located on described IC chip or described IC substrate package.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201261614685P | 2012-03-23 | 2012-03-23 | |
| US61/614,685 | 2012-03-23 | ||
| US201261731949P | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | |
| US61/731,949 | 2012-11-30 | ||
| US13/720,565 | 2012-12-19 | ||
| US13/720,565 US9147933B2 (en) | 2010-04-11 | 2012-12-19 | Three-dimensional spiral antenna and applications thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103326110A CN103326110A (en) | 2013-09-25 |
| CN103326110B true CN103326110B (en) | 2017-03-01 |
Family
ID=47845697
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013201390941U Expired - Fee Related CN203242742U (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-03-25 | Three-dimensional spiral antenna and radiofrequency front-end module |
| CN201310098000.5A Active CN103326110B (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-03-25 | three-dimensional spiral antenna and its application |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013201390941U Expired - Fee Related CN203242742U (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-03-25 | Three-dimensional spiral antenna and radiofrequency front-end module |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2642593A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101448053B1 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN203242742U (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI525910B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2642593A1 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-25 | Broadcom Corporation | Three-dimensional spiral antenna and applications thereof |
| CN103546188A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-01-29 | 西安乾易企业管理咨询有限公司 | Wireless mobile terminal of self-tuning antenna and adjusting method of self-tuning antenna |
| FR3012916B1 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2017-09-01 | Direction Generale De Larmement Ds/Sdpa/Bpi Dga/Ds/Sdpa/Bpi | ANTENNA TO REFLECTOR |
| KR102550330B1 (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2023-07-03 | 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 | Slotted monoconical antenna structure to eliminate reactive radiation points |
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| JPH02186806A (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-07-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Spiral antenna |
| CN1592987A (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2005-03-09 | 哈里公司 | Three-dimensional antenna structure for electromagnetically coupling to a meander-shaped circuit of a transmission feed |
| CN101227024A (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-23 | 美国博通公司 | Integrated circuit antenna structure |
| CN101572345A (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-11-04 | Ls美创有限公司 | End-fed planar type spiral antenna |
| CN203242742U (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-10-16 | 美国博通公司 | Three-dimensional spiral antenna and radiofrequency front-end module |
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| US4658262A (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1987-04-14 | Duhamel Raymond H | Dual polarized sinuous antennas |
| US5146234A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1992-09-08 | Ball Corporation | Dual polarized spiral antenna |
| US6862004B2 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2005-03-01 | Broadcom Corporation | Eccentric spiral antenna and method for making same |
| US7369096B2 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2008-05-06 | Broadcom Corporation | Impedance matched passive radio frequency transmit/receive switch |
| JP4832350B2 (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2011-12-07 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | Antenna device |
| US8208865B2 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2012-06-26 | Broadcom Corporation | RF front-end with on-chip transmitter/receiver isolation and noise-matched LNA |
| US8923168B2 (en) | 2010-06-03 | 2014-12-30 | Broadcom Corporation | Front end module with an antenna tuning unit |
| US8745853B2 (en) * | 2010-07-05 | 2014-06-10 | Universal Display Corporation | Antenna fabrication with three-dimensional contoured substrates |
| US9054416B2 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2015-06-09 | Associated Universities, Inc. | Inverted conical sinuous antenna above a ground plane |
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2013
- 2013-03-11 EP EP13001203.2A patent/EP2642593A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-03-11 TW TW102108509A patent/TWI525910B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-03-22 KR KR1020130030946A patent/KR101448053B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-03-25 CN CN2013201390941U patent/CN203242742U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-25 CN CN201310098000.5A patent/CN103326110B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02186806A (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-07-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Spiral antenna |
| CN1592987A (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2005-03-09 | 哈里公司 | Three-dimensional antenna structure for electromagnetically coupling to a meander-shaped circuit of a transmission feed |
| CN101227024A (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-23 | 美国博通公司 | Integrated circuit antenna structure |
| CN101572345A (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-11-04 | Ls美创有限公司 | End-fed planar type spiral antenna |
| CN203242742U (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-10-16 | 美国博通公司 | Three-dimensional spiral antenna and radiofrequency front-end module |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR101448053B1 (en) | 2014-10-07 |
| TWI525910B (en) | 2016-03-11 |
| CN203242742U (en) | 2013-10-16 |
| CN103326110A (en) | 2013-09-25 |
| TW201340469A (en) | 2013-10-01 |
| KR20130108190A (en) | 2013-10-02 |
| EP2642593A1 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
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