CN103324794B - A kind of verification method of three-dimensional tolerances marking correctness - Google Patents
A kind of verification method of three-dimensional tolerances marking correctness Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of verification method of three-dimensional tolerances marking correctness, it carries out as follows: (1) sets up three-dimensional entity model; (2) three-dimensional tolerances marking is carried out; (3) geometric element that three-dimensional entity model acceptance of the bid is marked with geometric tolerances information is obtained; (4) proper direction of target component is set up; (5) the natural degree of freedom of target geometric element is determined; (6) degree of benchmark constrained objective degree of freedom is obtained; (7) Benchmark System constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation; (8) Correctness checking of three-dimensional tolerances marking.The present invention is according to the computing method retraining degree of freedom between the expression of geometric element degree of freedom, geometric element, the Correctness checking of tolerances marking is carried out by the relation setting up various tolerance type and degree of freedom, degree of freedom concept is utilized to be quantitatively described three-dimensional tolerance territory further, support tolerance inspection better and measure, realizing the correctness automatic Verification of tolerances marking.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to computer-aided tolerance design (CAT) technical field, particularly relate to the verification method marking correctness in Design of Mechanical Product model based on the size of the Degree of Freedom Analysis of geometric element and geometric measurement principle and geometric tolerances.
Background technology
Tolerances marking is the main expression-form that product geometric accuracy requires, compare traditional two-dimentional drawing mode, three-dimensional tolerances marking model and tolerance can be made to express more specifically clear, make following process manufacture process more smooth, thus raising manufacture and design efficiency and reduce product development cost.But due to the type of tolerance type and geometric element and relation complicated, tolerance specifications content is numerous and diverse huge, correct grasp tolerances marking needs special knowledge and experience, and is difficult to the correctness ensureing tolerances marking, and this problem long-standing problem designer and technologist are to the understanding of product and communication.Therefore, a kind of general three-dimensional tolerances marking validation verification method of necessary research.Tolerance technique based on Degree of Freedom Analysis is the content that researchist mainly studies for a long time, but existing freedom analysis method is due to the understanding Shortcomings to geometric element degree of freedom, the essential laws retraining degree of freedom between geometric element is not disclosed to benchmark constraint Degree of Freedom Analysis, fails to set up the effective rule judging tolerances marking correctness.Based on the Degree of Freedom Analysis of geometric element and the geometric tolerances mark correctness verification method of geometric measurement principle, by setting up general constraint freedom calculation formula, set up every compositions indicator of tolerance and the relation of concrete benchmark, thus support tolerance inspection and tolerances marking Correctness Analysis, the tolerance module for CAD software provides tolerances marking reasonalbeness check function.
China Patent No. 201010520184.6 (Authorization Notice No. CN101982821B) discloses a kind of Complex Assembly body build-up tolerance specification and tolerance range type inferencing method thereof, this art solutions proposes to determine the mark tolerance type of part geometry key element, but it does not illustrate the quantity of tolerance type that tolerance type and the relation between benchmark and geometric element allow and the relation of corresponding benchmark.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is according to the computing method retraining degree of freedom between the expression of geometric element degree of freedom, geometric element, the Correctness checking of tolerances marking is carried out by the relation setting up various tolerance type and degree of freedom, degree of freedom concept is utilized to be quantitatively described three-dimensional tolerance territory further, support tolerance inspection better and measure, realizing the correctness automatic Verification of tolerances marking.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of verification method of three-dimensional tolerances marking correctness, and it carries out as follows:
(1) three-dimensional entity model is set up.
Under Three-dimensional CAD Software environment, according to the functional requirement of product, based on the three-dimensional entity model of ideal dimensions design elements.
(2) three-dimensional tolerances marking is carried out.
According to function and the mutual relationship of part geometry key element, the three-dimensional tolerances marking module utilizing CAD software to carry, to three-dimensional model mark tolerance information, completes three-dimensional tolerances marking.
(3) geometric element that three-dimensional entity model acceptance of the bid is marked with geometric tolerances information is obtained.
By the target geometric element point-line-surface of all mark geometric tolerances of direct access entity model and the point-line-surface as benchmark geometric element, find out mark have the point-line-surface object of tolerances marking information and store, object here contains topology, geometry, attribute information in moulding system.
(4) proper direction of target component is set up.
The geometric type marking the measured target of geometric tolerances in Design of Mechanical Product model comprises plane, the face of cylinder, sphere and grouped key elements etc., and the point, line, surface of central point, center line, central plane and element that these key elements can derive with it represent.The proper direction of geometric element refers to one of the point, line, surface target geometric element unique direction relevant with self geometrical property to benchmark, the proper direction of target line is straight line itself, the proper direction of objective plane is normal direction, the proper direction of impact point is then relevant with position to the type of benchmark, corresponding to point-line-surface reference element, the proper direction of impact point is respectively the direction of reference point sensing impact point, the vertical line direction through the reference line of impact point, the reference plane normal direction through impact point.
(5) the natural degree of freedom of target geometric element is determined.
The degree of freedom of geometric element can be summarized as 4 classes according to proper direction: line translation freedoms, line rotational freedom, face translation freedoms and face rotational freedom.Line translation freedoms and line rotational freedom are parallel to proper direction, and face translation freedoms and face rotational freedom are perpendicular to proper direction, and these four degree of freedom are exactly nature degree of freedom.Wherein, face translation freedoms and face rotational freedom also can be decomposed into two orthogonal line translation freedoms and line rotational freedom more respectively, and geometric type and the relative position relation of target and reference element are then depended in the decomposition of these two degree of freedom.For having the target component such as point-line-surface, geometry picture frame determining benchmark, they may be summarized to be relative to the natural degree of freedom of proper direction: 1) have 1 parallel lines translation freedoms, 1 vertical plane translation freedoms; 2) straight line has 1 vertical plane translation freedoms and 1 vertical plane rotational freedom; 3) plane has 1 parallel lines translation freedoms, 1 vertical plane rotational freedom; 4) geometry picture frame has 1 parallel lines rotational freedom, 1 vertical plane translation freedoms, 1 vertical plane rotational freedom.If parallel lines translation freedoms unit vector T is represented, by vertical plane translation freedoms T
xyrepresent, then T
xybeing decomposed into the perpendicular line translation freedoms that both direction determines is T
x, T
y.In like manner, also rotational freedom can be used R, R respectively
xy, R
xand R
yrepresent.Therefore, by the change in coordinate axis direction that definition proper direction is geometric element coordinate system, geometric element coordinate system is exactly tolerance coordinate system, if can be decomposed into two orthogonal degree of freedom perpendicular to the translation freedoms of proper direction or rotational freedom, then these two orthogonal degree of freedom directions are exactly the direction of other two coordinate axis of tolerance coordinate system.Therefore, proper direction and form a complete tolerance rectangular coordinate system perpendicular to the translation freedoms of proper direction or rotational freedom.
(6) degree of benchmark constrained objective degree of freedom is obtained.
The principle of basic geometric element constraint degree of freedom:
Benchmark constrained objective degree of freedom is exactly can according to the position of target geometric element relative to the Distance geometry angle determination target of benchmark, the distance size of the position relationship can determined between the two by evaluating objects key element and reference element and the complete degree of Angular Dimension, just can obtain the degree of benchmark constrained objective degree of freedom.By definition range observation direction line and measurement of angle plane two concepts, target component can be obtained relative to the distance size of reference element and the type of Angular Dimension and quantity, thus obtain the degree of benchmark constrained objective degree of freedom.Range observation direction line is one of following three kinds of straight lines: the common vertical line 1) between two straight lines or flat elemental, 2) through point and with the straight line of straight line or plane orthogonal, 3) through the straight lines etc. of 2.Measurement of angle plane is one of following three kinds of planes: the plane 1) being simultaneously parallel to two straight lines, 2) be parallel to the plane of straight line and plane normal, 3 simultaneously) be parallel to the plane of two plane normals simultaneously.According to above definition, distance is of a size of the length of the range observation direction line between two geometric elements, and Angular Dimension is the angle between the projection line of the threes such as normal in measurement of angle plane of two straight lines, straight line and plane normal, two planes.The mechanism of benchmark constrained objective degree of freedom can utilize Distance geometry measurement of angle principle to explain, translation and the rotational freedom of target component a direction are retrained by benchmark, refer to that target component can be measured and unique in the Distance geometry angle in this direction relative to benchmark in essence.Therefore, benchmark can the condition of translation freedoms of constrained objective be that benchmark and target exist range observation direction line between the two, and benchmark can the condition of rotational freedom of constrained objective be that benchmark and target exist measurement of angle plane between the two.Can judgment standard constrained objective degree of freedom be exactly find out benchmark and target range observation direction line between the two and measurement of angle plane, and the ability of Calculation Basis constraint degree of freedom is exactly find out the quantity of range observation direction line that benchmark and target have and measurement of angle plane between the two.Due to the uniqueness of range data and angle-data, reference element and target component transposition, this conclusion is still set up.Basic geometric element is made up of point, line, surface, as long as the range observation direction line got clear under all kinds of point, line, surface and the combined situation of position and measurement of angle plane, has just grasped the computing method of geometric element constraint degree of freedom.Because conclusion when reference element and target component transposition is identical, therefore, when putting as reference element, the target component geometric type discussed is needed to be three kinds, point, straight line and plane, when straight line is as reference element, need the target component geometric type discussed to be straight line and two kinds, plane, and when reference element is plane, target component only need the situation that plane is discussed.
A) ability of benchmark constraint degree of freedom is put
Point benchmark can only the translation freedoms of constrained objective.When target component is point and both do not overlap, it is the proper direction of target component that reference point points to impact point direction, reference point and impact point only have one along the range observation direction line of proper direction, therefore can only a parallel translation degree of freedom T of constrained objective point.As shown in Figure 1a, Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b, Fig. 1 c hollow core roundlet represent benchmark to relation under benchmark and target location separation case, and solid roundlet, heavy line, parallelogram be representative point, line, Area Objects key element respectively.When reference point and impact point nominal position overlap, between 2, space physical location has the range observation direction line of 3 linear independences.Therefore, reference point can an a parallel lines translation freedoms T and vertical plane translation freedoms T of constrained objective point
xy(now the proper direction of point target key element needs other benchmark to determine).
When target component is straight line and does not pass through some benchmark, the intersection point direction that some benchmark points to target line is line direction, range observation direction, also be the x-axis direction of the tolerance coordinate system of target component, reference point can only a perpendicular line translation freedoms T of constrained objective straight line
x, as shown in Figure 1 b.When straight line nominal position is by reference point, can with the range observation direction line measurement of 2 linear independences perpendicular to the position in the plane of straight line between reference point and target line, so time point can retrain a vertical plane translation freedoms T of straight line
xy.
When target component is plane, no matter whether nominal plane passes through reference point, the range observation direction line of reference point and objective plane only has the plane normal direction through reference point, therefore some benchmark can only a parallel lines translation freedoms T of constrained objective plane, as illustrated in figure 1 c.
B) ability of line constraint degree of freedom
When target component is straight line, exist between benchmark and target line nominal position intersect, four kinds of relative position relations such as parallel, crossing and coincidence.Fig. 2 a is the situation that reference line and target line are in space crossed position, and reference line overlaps with z' axle, and target line is P
1p
2, benchmark and target only have a range observation direction line along common vertical line and a measurement of angle plane perpendicular to common vertical line between the two, therefore benchmark can only a perpendicular line translation freedoms T of constrained objective straight line
xwith a perpendicular line rotational freedom R
x.When target line nominal position is parallel with reference line, as target line P
1p
2forward dotted line position in Fig. 2 a to, now there are a range observation direction line along common vertical line and two measurement of angle planes between benchmark and target line, namely, except taking common vertical line as a measurement of angle plane of normal, the plane formed with reference line and target line is also a measurement of angle plane.Therefore, a perpendicular line translation freedoms T can now be retrained
xwith a perpendicular line rotational freedom R
xand R
y.When target line nominal position is crossing with reference line, namely when nominal distance d is zero, perpendicular to the measurement of angle plane that range observation direction line and of two straight lines are normal with direction of measurement line while of only having one, so time can only retrain a perpendicular line translation freedoms T
xwith a perpendicular line rotational freedom R
x.When target line nominal position overlaps with reference line, the range observation direction line of two linear independences and the measurement of angle plane of two linear independences is there is between benchmark and target line, now whole degree of freedom of reference line constrained objective straight line, i.e. a vertical plane translation freedoms T
xywith a vertical plane rotational freedom R
xy.
When target geometric element is plane, between reference line and objective plane, there are three kinds of relative position relations, namely crossing, parallel and vertical.Fig. 2 b is the situation that linear datum and objective plane are in general position, reference line overlaps with z' axle, now there is not range observation direction line, only there is the measurement of angle plane that is parallel to reference line and objective plane normal simultaneously, therefore linear datum can only a perpendicular line rotational freedom R of constraint plane
x.When objective plane nominal position is vertical with linear datum, there is the measurement of angle plane of two linear independences, so time can a vertical plane rotational freedom R of constraint plane
xy.When plane nominal position is parallel with linear datum, there is a range observation direction line, and there is a measurement of angle plane, so time linear datum can a perpendicular line rotational freedom R of constraint plane
xwith a perpendicular line translation freedoms T
x.
C) the constraint degree of freedom ability of plane
Relative position between datum plane and planar target key element only has two kinds of situations, namely intersects with parallel.When both are in intersection location, between two intersecting planes, there is not range observation direction line, only there is a measurement of angle plane, therefore datum plane can only a line rotational freedom R of constrained objective plane
x.When objective plane nominal position is parallel with reference plane, there is the measurement of angle plane of two linear independences and a range observation direction line, therefore the parallel lines translation freedoms T of objective plane under parallel condition
xwith vertical plane rotational freedom R
xyall restrained.
(7) Benchmark System constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation
A) the constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation rule of unity reference
According to the Computing Principle of constraint degree of freedom ability, table 1 summarizes the constraint nature degree of freedom relation of two geometric elements in various relative position situation, comprises the orientation of the constraint type of degree of freedom, applicable geometric tolerances type, the constraint direction line of translation freedoms and the rotating shaft of rotational freedom.Symbol P in table
b, L
b, N
band p
o, l
o, n
o, represent the position of point, line, surface reference element and target component, direction line, normal respectively, symbol " ⊙ " represents that direction line or rotating shaft are by geometric element or overlap with it, and " D " represents distance size, and " A " represents Angular Dimension, symbol " P
b→ p
o", " P
b→ L
o" represent P
bpoint to p
bor point to L
ointersection point, all the other symbols are tolerance type codes.
B) benchmark combination constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation method
Benchmark combination refers to the combination of two or three reference elements and defines a new geometric type, as two some benchmark be combined into straight line section, two Straight Combination become a plane etc.Combined by benchmark and the new geometric type that obtains has single combination member's individualism time the constraint degree of freedom ability that do not have, during as two benchmark of two parallel cylinders respectively as a target component, although the degree of freedom situation of constrained objective is identical during two cylinder independent roles, one of them cylinder can be made to belong to benchmark redundancy, but two cylinders can form a datum plane, thus make two cylinder benchmark combinations also have the constraint degree of freedom ability of datum plane, thus when there is the degree of freedom needing plane to retrain, these two cylinders just do not belong to benchmark redundancy.Because the benchmark quantity of tolerance only has at most three, the reference element quantity therefore carrying out combining only has the combination of two key elements and combination two kinds of situations of three key elements.
The combination of two basic geometric elements can be divided into a little six kinds ,-point, point-line, point-face, line-line, line-face, face-face etc., wherein only three kinds of combinations such as a little-point, point-line, line-line can form new geometric type, namely straight line, plane, plane three kinds of benchmark are equivalent to respectively, as shown in the first three rows in table 2.Although three dissimilar geometric elements have very many combinations, but the geometric type that the combination that can produce new geometric type can only be first, second benchmark is a little and the geometric type of the 3rd benchmark is point or straight line, namely may be combined with into line when the first two benchmark is, face is combined into again, as the 4th row in table 2 and the 5th row with the 3rd some benchmark or linear datum.Put in order according to benchmark, benchmark combination only need judge whether four kinds of situations produce new geometric type, that is: the combination of the combination of the combination of the combination of the one the second two benchmark, the first benchmark and the 3rd benchmark, the second benchmark and the 3rd benchmark, the 3rd benchmark and the first two benchmark.
Legal benchmark combination must meet amount of constraint two conditions that can produce new geometric type He add degree of freedom, just may be combined to form the new geometric type that can increase restriction ability under only having the geometric type listed by table 2 and relative position.During the constraint degree of freedom ability that Calculation Basis combines, first calculate current base independent role and make constraint degree of freedom ability, the constraint degree of freedom quantity of the new geometric type of then calculation combination generation.Combined by benchmark and the constraint degree of freedom increased by involved benchmark shared, the tolerance component corresponding to this degree of freedom is using the equivalent geometric type of involved benchmark as measuring basis, and the direction of this degree of freedom is also determined by equivalent geometry.
(8) Correctness checking of three-dimensional tolerances marking.
The correctness of tolerances marking is mainly reflected in the validity of tolerance type selecting, the consistance of relation between various tolerance, the rationality that tolerance numerical value is arranged, the many aspects such as the rationality that the integrality of degree of freedom constraint and Tolerance Principle are arranged, the inspection method of these aspects all relates to the degree of freedom restricted problem of geometric element, as the constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation according to Benchmark System can find deficient tolerance, cross tolerance issues and the setting of unsuitable benchmark, the rationality that tolerance numerical value is arranged can be judged according to the degree of freedom restraint condition of target, the consistance etc. of tolerance relation.Utilize benchmark constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation method can set up the Correctness checking rule of many tolerances markings, and each checks that rule can provide the tolerances marking of makeing mistakes and reason of makeing mistakes clearly, as benchmark constrained objective key element degree of freedom ability not or redundancy, tolerance type are not mated, modifier mark etc. by mistake.These Correctness checking rules comprise:
A) tolerance type reasonalbeness check rule: the position relationship for benchmark and target has the tolerance type (as: depth of parallelism, verticality, right alignment, symmetry) of requirement, obtain the unit vector dot product of the proper direction of benchmark and target geometric element, then compare with table 3, judge whether mate with tolerance type.If unit vector dot product is consistent with the corresponding entry in table 3, illustrate that the relative position of benchmark and target meets the requirement of tolerance type, otherwise provide the relative position of target component and reference element and the inconsistent error message of tolerance.
B) Benchmark System restriction ability checks rule: the Benchmark System of each tolerance at least must restriction table 4 mid point, line, Area Objects geometric element one degree of freedom, otherwise the restriction ability of Benchmark System is not enough.When tolerance value is with modifier
time, the vertical degree of freedom (T of necessary restriction table 4 mid point of Benchmark System, line, Area Objects geometric element
xyand R
xy), otherwise the restriction ability of Benchmark System is not enough.
C) redundant reference checks rule: the relation retraining degree of freedom according to table 4 tolerance type and geometric element, determines the parallel degree of freedom set Tset that target geometric element must retrain and vertical degree of freedom set Pset.According to benchmark priority principle, one by one constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation is carried out to benchmark, if current base or the degree of freedom that can retrain with the combination of basis frontage in Tset or Pset, then the restrained degree of freedom in Tset or Pset is deleted.If current base and can not retrain with the combination of basis frontage and remainingly in Tset and Pset do not retrain degree of freedom, then current base is redundant reference, provides the error message of current base redundancy.
D) orientation of related features applicability checks rule: the rotational freedom of orientation of related features control objectives key element, if measured target key element does not exist rotational freedom (i.e. R, the R needed restraint
xy, R
x, R
yone of), then orientation of related features can not be applied, and provides the not applicable error message of current orientation of related features.
E) position of related features applicability checks rule: the translation freedoms of position of related features control objectives key element, if element to be measured does not exist translation freedoms (i.e. T, the T needed restraint
xy, T
x, T
yone of), then position of related features can not be applied, and provides the not applicable error message of current location tolerance.
F) the Correctness checking rule of Dimensional Tolerance Marking Methods: if target rotational freedom is retrained by geometric tolerances, then the angle in this rotational freedom direction can only mark desired angle size.If target translation freedoms is retrained by geometric tolerances, then the distance in this translation freedoms direction can only mark ideal distance size.Be enough to condition if discontented, then provide current size tolerances marking and can not apply and the error message that can only mark ideal dimensions or desired angle.
G) modifier reasonalbeness check rule: when target geometric element is straight line and Benchmark System can only retrain its vertical plane translation freedoms T
xywith vertical plane rotational freedom R
xytime, the tolerance value of position of related features and orientation of related features must with modifier
target and reference element are a little and both overlap time, the tolerance value of position of related features must with modifier
if be enough to condition discontented, then the tolerance value providing current location tolerance and orientation of related features does not have label symbol
error message.
H) integrity rule of tolerances marking: calculated by the restriction ability of Benchmark System and can find the abandoned degree of freedom of target component, thus find distance size and the Angular Dimension of omitting mark, also remind deviser to note there is the tolerances marking omitted simultaneously.
I) the refinement principle of tolerance system when composite tolerance marks: when location tolerance and orientation of related features combining case, the benchmark constraint nature degree of freedom of position of related features must comprise the constraint degree of freedom of orientation of related features, and orientation of related features value must be less than position of related features value, otherwise do not meet tolerance refinement principle.When existence two kinds of orientation of related features compound tenses, the effective freedom degree that the benchmark that the effective freedom degree that the benchmark of high-rise tolerance framing retrains must be over low layer tolerance framing retrains, namely must there is the operative constraint of the other direction being different from low layer in high-rise tolerance, the tolerance value of low layer must be less than high-rise tolerance value simultaneously, otherwise low layer orientation of related features belongs to redundancy tolerance.
The computing formula of degree of freedom proposed by the invention, in acquired results and ASMEY14.5.1 list, various benchmark compares, and result is consistent.The concrete degree of freedom utilizing freedom calculation formula can calculate measured target to be retrained by benchmark, thus carry out benchmark Effective judgement, find out redundant reference; The size of the target that the present invention sets up and benchmark and tolerance measurement direction relations, can support measure planning, support to set up the proof rule of tolerances marking correctness and integrality.According to constraint degree of freedom direction Offered target geometric element tolerance coordinate system, according to target component geometric configuration and tolerance Index Establishment tolerance range on tolerance coordinate system, in assembling model, dimensional chain for assembly can be set up according to constraint degree of freedom direction, carry out assembly tolerance analysis.The tolerance such as Benchmark System and tolerance value index is stored in the structure attribute of the topology element of solid model, utilizes method of the present invention can realize tolerance technique and CAD solid model is integrated.
Automaticity of the present invention is high, highly versatile, has very great help to three-dimensional tolerances marking automatic gauging.
Accompanying drawing explanation
(Fig. 1 a shows the situation of obligatory point to the constraint degree of freedom ability schematic diagram of Fig. 1 a, 1b, 1c standard; Fig. 1 b shows the situation of constraint straight line; Fig. 1 c shows the situation of constraint plane).
Fig. 2 a, 2b are the constraint degree of freedom ability schematic diagram (situations of Fig. 2 a display constraint straight line of linear datum; Fig. 2 b shows the situation of constraint plane).
Fig. 3 is tolerance of the present invention checking process flow diagram.
Fig. 4 a, 4b are tolerance of the present invention checking example 1 effectively mark figure.
Fig. 5 a, 5b are the wrong mark figure of tolerance of the present invention checking example 1.
Fig. 6 a, 6b are the wrong mark figure of tolerance of the present invention checking example 2.
Fig. 7 a, 7b are tolerance of the present invention checking example 2 effectively mark figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1 implements for the model in Fig. 4 a, 4b and Fig. 5 a, 5b.Fig. 4 a, 4b are identical with the part model of Fig. 5 a, 5b, difference is geometric tolerances marks, wherein, Fig. 4 a, 4b are correct geometric tolerances mark, in Fig. 5 a, 5b, change is done artificially to the baseline sequence in the geometric tolerances sash of target C and target D, with the amendment checking method of the present invention this mistake whether can be detected.It should be noted that, the method for the invention is general method, is applicable to other engineering goods and parts.
Fig. 3 is tolerance of the present invention checking process flow diagram, first in three-dimensional software, carry out three-dimensional entity model foundation and three-dimensional tolerances marking is carried out to it, then by carrying out software secondary development by method of the present invention, the geometric element object of tolerances marking information and this mark correspondence of having added is obtained; Enter Benchmark System constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation module again, according to calculation procedure, Fig. 5 a, 5b are carried out to the degree of freedom situation analysis of each benchmark constrained objective key element.Make a concrete analysis of as follows:
(1) set up three-dimensional entity model and carry out three-dimensional tolerances marking.
Under Three-dimensional CAD Software environment, set up three-dimensional entity model, and the three-dimensional tolerances marking module utilizing software to carry is to three-dimensional model mark tolerance information; Or directly by Three-dimensional CAD Software secondary development, tolerance information is stored in the structure attribute of three-dimensional entity model geometric element, completes three-dimensional tolerances marking.
(2) geometric element that three-dimensional entity model acceptance of the bid is marked with geometric tolerances information is obtained.
By the target geometric element point-line-surface of all mark geometric tolerances of direct access entity model and the point-line-surface as benchmark geometric element, find out mark have the point-line-surface object of tolerances marking information and store, object here contains topology, geometry, attribute information in moulding system.
(3) capacity calculation of the degree of freedom of benchmark constrained objective geometric element.
Step 1: first according to the proper direction of the geometric type determination target component of benchmark and target, according to natural degree of freedom T (parallel lines translation freedoms), the T of target component
xy(vertical plane translation freedoms, T
xythe perpendicular line translation freedoms T that both direction is determined can be decomposed into
x, T
y), R (parallel lines rotational freedom), R
xy(vertical plane rotational freedom, R
xythe perpendicular line rotational freedom R that both direction is determined can be decomposed into
x, R
y), set up degree of freedom set Tset, Pset do not retrained of target and set T'set, P'set of having retrained degree of freedom, wherein Tset with T'set is parallel degree of freedom set, Pset and P'set is vertical degree of freedom set.To first beginning and end constraint degree of freedom set of the target component B in Fig. 5 a, 5b, C, D to set up situation as follows: a) squareness tolerance of target B requires two rotational freedoms of constrained objective B, the proper direction of target is z-axis, and target B has a vertical plane translation freedoms T
xywith a vertical plane rotational freedom R
xy, the set of first beginning and end constraint degree of freedom is Tset={}, Pset={T
xy, R
xy.B) geometric element of target C is central plane, and the Tolerance of Degree of position of target C requires translation freedoms T and the vertical plane rotational freedom R of constraint central plane
xy, the set of first beginning and end constraint degree of freedom is Tset={T}, Pset={R
xy.C) target D is grouped key elements, its geometry picture frame is the combination of two orthogonal rectangle planes, these two planes overlap with xoz or yoz coordinate plane respectively, the intersection of two planes overlaps with z coordinate axle, the proper direction of geometry picture frame and z-axis direction, geometry picture frame has a parallel lines rotational freedom R, a vertical plane translation freedoms T
xywith a vertical plane rotational freedom R
xy, the set of first beginning and end constraint degree of freedom is Tset={R}, Pset={T
xy, R
xy.
Step 2: the constraint degree of freedom ability of Calculation Basis.The rule that constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation is shown according to baseline sequence and table 1, two, table 2 is carried out, to each benchmark process in two steps: the degree of freedom ability first current base individuality being calculated to constrained objective, then according to the benchmark combined situation of table 2, judge that can current base and basis frontage be combined to form new geometric element, if there is the new geometric element formed, then calculate the degree of freedom of the target that new geometric element retrains.Computation process divides five kinds of situations, if the degree of freedom of current base or the new geometric element constrained objective key element after combining is Q, then these five kinds of situations are:
If a) Q is parallel lines degree of freedom T or R in Tset, then current base is effective benchmark, and is moved on to by T or R in Tset in set T'set.
If b) Q is vertical plane degree of freedom T in Pset
xyor R
xy, then current base is effective benchmark, and by the T in Pset
xyor R
xymove on in set P'set.
If c) Q is perpendicular line degree of freedom, and there is T in Pset
xyor R
xy, then current base is effective benchmark, and by the T in Pset
xyor R
xychange T into
yor R
y, in set P'set, increase T
xor R
x.
If d) when Q is perpendicular line degree of freedom, and there is T in P'set
xyor R
xy, then current base is effective benchmark, by T corresponding in P'set
xyor R
xychange T into
yor R
y, and T is increased in P'set
xor R
x.
If e) Q is perpendicular line degree of freedom, but only there is T in Pset
yor R
y, and Q and T
yor R
yout of plumb, then current base is effective benchmark, can by restrained degree of freedom T
yor R
ymove on to set P'set from set Pset.
The situation tolerance benchmark of the target B in Fig. 5 a, 5b, C, D being retrained to its degree of freedom and tolerances marking correction judgement is described as follows.
The degree of freedom restraint condition of target B: benchmark A constrains a face rotational freedom R
xy, and T
xynot constraint, after Benchmark System constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation, four set situations are, Tset={}, Pset={T
xy, T'set={}, P'set={R
xy, according to validity check rule, before the geometric tolerances numerical value of target component, there is modifier
and its vertical plane rotational freedom R
xyrestrained, then the constraint degree of freedom of squareness tolerance is required to meet, and other rule tests also meet the requirements, and this tolerances marking is effective.
The degree of freedom restraint condition of target C: the first benchmark B has degree of freedom T and the R of constrained objective key element
xyin R
xability, after the constraint of the first benchmark B, four constraint degree of freedom set situations are Tset={}, Pset={R
y, T'set={T}, P'set={R
x.Second benchmark A can not the residue degree of freedom R of constrained objective key element
y(this degree of freedom is rotated around z-axis), the possibility that benchmark A and benchmark B does not combine.Result of calculation draws two error messages: 1) benchmark A is redundant reference; 2) should retraining of target component does not have Complete Bind.According to error message, baseline sequence is made an adjustment, using benchmark A as the first benchmark, benchmark B as the second benchmark, be namely modified as shown in Fig. 4 a, 4b.Re-start constraint freedom calculation, now the first benchmark A constrains the R of target component
xyin R
x, after calculating the first benchmark, four constraint degree of freedom set situations are, Tset={T}, Pset={R
y, T'set={}, P'set={R
x; Second benchmark B constrains a translation freedoms T, and after calculating the second benchmark, four constraint degree of freedom set situations are Tset={}, Pset={R
y, T'set={T}, P'set={R
x.The possibility that benchmark A and benchmark B does not combine equally.Result of calculation draws 1 error message: 1) should retraining of target component does not have Complete Bind.Because Tolerance of Degree of position is composite tolerance, when not having other assigned direction tolerance, the default value of orientation of related features equals position of related features, the rotational freedom R of target component
ynot having restrained is allow.Find through other inspection rules, target C is with modifier again
be redundancy, prompting deviser modify.
The degree of freedom restraint condition of target D: target D is grouped key elements, and its just beginning and end constraint degree of freedom set is Tset={R}, Pset={T
xy, R
xy.First benchmark B constrains a face translation freedoms T
xywith a face rotational freedom benchmark R
xy, after the first benchmark constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation, four set situations are, Tset={R}, Pset={}, T'set={}, P'set={T
xyr
xy, the second benchmark A does not retrain remaining degree of freedom, and the second benchmark A and the first benchmark B is not combined to form the possibility of new geometric type, now draws 1 error message: 1) benchmark A is redundant reference.The line parallel rotational freedom R of the 3rd benchmark C constrained objective D.Other rule tests do not find to run counter to situation yet, and this tolerances marking has an error message.The amendment of tolerances marking is exactly change benchmark A and the order of benchmark B in tolerance framing.And then performing the constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation of benchmark and tolerances marking is just being determined to judge, detailed process is: the first benchmark A constrains a vertical rotation degree of freedom benchmark R
xy, after the constraint freedom calculation of the first benchmark, four set situations become Tset={R}, Pset={T
xy, T'set={}, P'set={R
xy, calculate the constraint degree of freedom ability of the second benchmark B, benchmark B constrains again a vertical translation degree of freedom T
xy, benchmark B and benchmark A does not combine the possibility forming new geometric type.The line parallel rotational freedom R of the 3rd benchmark C constrained objective D, the degree of freedom Complete Bind of the so far required constraint of the Tolerance of Degree of position of target D.Other rule tests also meet the requirements, and this tolerances marking is effective.Through Planar Mechanisms freedom calculation, the discharge of the benchmark in tolerance framing is made more to meet design idea, first four holes and the plane perpendicular of grouped key elements will be ensured, namely must using datum target A as the first benchmark, constrain a vertical plane rotational freedom of target D, then ensure the center of target D and the right alignment of benchmark B, last constrained objective D is around the rotational angle of own axes, therefore, the rational baseline sequence of the Tolerance of Degree of position of target D is benchmark A, benchmark B and benchmark C.
Step 3: repeat step 2, until all benchmark judges complete.After above process, the residue degree of freedom in Tset and Pset is the degree of freedom that Benchmark System can not retrain.
Fig. 6 a, 6b are the 2nd checking embodiment of the present invention, and the main marking error of Fig. 6 a, 6b comprises: benchmark B and A of the symmetry tolerance " symmetry 0.1BA " of two planes 1) corresponding to size 36 exists redundancy; 2) grouped key elements
tolerance of Degree of position
benchmark is not enough; 3) grouped key elements
tolerance of Degree of position " position degree
" benchmark deficiency; 4) diameter is
tolerance of Degree of position " the position degree of counterbore
" benchmark deficiency.Fig. 7 a, 7b are the correct geometric tolerances mark revised after method inspection of the present invention.
Utilize the check process shown in technical scheme of the present invention and Fig. 3 to check the correctness that the geometric tolerances of Fig. 6 a, 6b mark, result is described as follows.
1) the degree of freedom restraint condition of the target component corresponding to " symmetry 0.1BA ": the degree of freedom that target G has is Tset={T}, Pset={R
xy.First benchmark B constrains an a parallel lines translation freedoms T and perpendicular line rotational freedom R
x, after Benchmark System constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation, four set situations are, Tset={}, Pset={R
y, T'set={T}, P'set={R
x, and the second benchmark A also constrains an a parallel lines translation freedoms T and line vertical rotation degree of freedom R
x, according to validity check rule, deviser second benchmark redundancy is described.Because target component is for deriving central plane, need restrained translation freedoms T, deviser can choose one of them benchmark according to designing requirement.
2) " grouped key elements position degree
" corresponding to the degree of freedom restraint condition of target component: this target is grouped key elements, and its just beginning and end constraint degree of freedom set is Tset={R}, Pset={T
xy, R
xy.First benchmark C has the degree of freedom R of constrained objective key element
xyability, after the constraint of the first benchmark C, four constraint degree of freedom set situations are Tset={R}, Pset={T
xy, T'set={}, P'set={R
xy.The residue degree of freedom T of the second benchmark B constrained objective key element
xy, the possibility that benchmark A and benchmark B does not combine, it is Tset={R}, Pset={}, T'set={}, P'set={R that Benchmark System restriction ability calculates rear four constraint degree of freedom set situations
xy, T
xy.Now target component remains a parallel lines rotational freedom R, and therefore this target component Benchmark System constraint degree of freedom scarce capacity is described.Deviser is by " grouped key elements position degree
" change " verticality into
" and " right alignment
" compound, and again the base of target component and tolerances marking are analyzed, concrete condition is: " verticality
" the degree of freedom restraint condition of target component, benchmark C constrains a vertical plane rotational freedom R
xy." right alignment
" the constraint degree of freedom situation analysis of target component: benchmark B constrains a vertical plane translation freedoms T
xywith a vertical plane rotational freedom R
xy, analysis result meets degree of freedom constraint requirements.But again according in tolerance inspection rule during composite tolerance mark tolerance system refinement principle this, again occur mistake, correct should by " verticality
" in tolerance value change little, otherwise do not meet tolerance refinement principle.
Relative to above-mentioned grouped key elements TOLERANCE ANALYSIS situation, the base of contrast threaded hole target component and tolerance " position degree
", owing to there being the 3rd benchmark G to exist, the 3rd benchmark G constrains target component T
xand R, T
xsecond benchmark B retrains, and therefore, the 3rd benchmark constrained objective key element one parallel lines rotational freedom R, now this target component completes restrained, and this tolerances marking is effective.
3) two diameters are
" the position degree of grouped key elements
" " degree of freedom restraint condition: the degree of freedom set that target component has is Tset={R}, Pset={T
xy, R
xy.Benchmark A constrains a perpendicular line translation freedoms T
xwith a vertical plane rotational freedom benchmark R
xy, after Benchmark System constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation, four constraint degree of freedom set situations are Tset={R}, Pset={T
y, T'set={}, P'set={T
x, R
xy, now do not retrain in degree of freedom set and still have degree of freedom R and T
y, this target component Benchmark System constraint degree of freedom scarce capacity is described, this is the problem caused due to the axis of grouped key elements and benchmark A disalignment, can meet the constraint degree of freedom requirement of Tolerance of Degree of position by increasing a benchmark G.
4) diameter is
the degree of freedom restraint condition of " position degree 0.01A " of counterbore: the degree of freedom set had of target component is Tset={}, Pset={T
xy, R
xy.Benchmark A constrains a perpendicular line translation freedoms T
xwith a vertical plane rotational freedom benchmark R
xy, after Benchmark System constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation, four constraint degree of freedom set situations are Tset={}, Pset={T
y, T'set={}, P'set={T
x, R
xy, now do not retrain in degree of freedom set and still have translation freedoms T
y, this target component Benchmark System constraint degree of freedom scarce capacity is described, this is the problem caused due to the axis of key element and benchmark A disalignment, can meet the constraint degree of freedom requirement of Tolerance of Degree of position by increasing a benchmark G.Must be noted that the costly face of Tolerance of Degree of position not tape symbol herein
and after increasing a benchmark G, do not run counter to modifier rationality rule, because now benchmark A and G retrains two perpendicular line translation freedoms T of straight-line target respectively
xand T
y, instead of constraint T
xy, the direction namely retraining translation freedoms is confirmable, therefore can not add diameter symbol
but band diameter symbol more meets design idea.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, above embodiment is only used to the present invention is described, and not as limitation of the invention, as long as within the scope of the invention, all will drop on protection scope of the present invention to the change of above embodiment, distortion.
Claims (2)
1. a verification method for three-dimensional tolerances marking correctness, it carries out as follows:
(1) three-dimensional entity model is set up;
(2) three-dimensional tolerances marking is carried out;
(3) geometric element that three-dimensional entity model acceptance of the bid is marked with geometric tolerances information is obtained;
(4) proper direction of target component is set up;
Proper direction refers to one of the point, line, surface target geometric element unique direction relevant with self geometrical property to benchmark, the proper direction of target line is straight line itself, the proper direction of objective plane is normal direction, the proper direction of impact point is then relevant with position to the type of benchmark, corresponding to point-line-surface reference element, the proper direction of impact point is respectively the direction of reference point sensing impact point, the vertical line direction through the reference line of impact point, the reference plane normal direction through impact point;
(5) the natural degree of freedom of target geometric element is determined;
Degree of freedom is summarized as 4 classes according to proper direction: line translation freedoms, line rotational freedom, face translation freedoms and face rotational freedom; Line translation freedoms and line rotational freedom are parallel to proper direction, and face translation freedoms and face rotational freedom are positioned at the plane perpendicular to proper direction, and these four degree of freedom are exactly nature degree of freedom; Wherein, face translation freedoms and face rotational freedom also can be decomposed into two orthogonal line translation freedoms and line rotational freedom more respectively, and geometric type and the relative position relation of target and reference element are then depended in the decomposition of these two degree of freedom; The natural degree of freedom with the target component determining benchmark be can be summarized as: 1) there is 1 parallel lines translation freedoms, 1 vertical plane translation freedoms; 2) straight line has 1 vertical plane translation freedoms and 1 vertical plane rotational freedom; 3) plane has 1 parallel lines translation freedoms, 1 vertical plane rotational freedom; 4) geometry picture frame has 1 parallel lines rotational freedom, 1 vertical plane translation freedoms, 1 vertical plane rotational freedom; If line parallel translation freedoms unit vector T is represented, by face vertical translation degree of freedom T
xyrepresent, then T
xybeing decomposed into the line vertical translation degree of freedom that both direction determines is T
x, T
y; Also rotational freedom can be used R, R respectively
xy, R
xand R
yrepresent;
(6) degree of benchmark constrained objective degree of freedom is obtained;
(7) Benchmark System constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation;
A) the constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation rule of unity reference
According to the Computing Principle of constraint degree of freedom ability, table 1 summarizes the constraint nature degree of freedom relation of two geometric elements in various relative position situation, comprises the orientation of the constraint type of degree of freedom, applicable geometric tolerances type, the constraint direction line of translation freedoms and the rotating shaft of rotational freedom; Symbol P in table
b, L
b, N
band p
o, l
o, n
o, represent the position of point, line, surface reference element and target component, direction line, normal respectively, symbol " ⊙ " represents that direction line or rotating shaft are by geometric element or overlap with it, and " D " represents distance size, and " A " represents Angular Dimension, symbol " P
b→ p
o", " P
b→ L
o" represent P
bpoint to p
bor point to L
ointersection point, all the other symbols are tolerance type codes;
B) benchmark combination constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation method
Benchmark combination refers to the combination of two or three reference elements and defines a new geometric type, as two some benchmark be combined into straight line section, two Straight Combination become a plane etc., combined by benchmark and the new geometric type that obtains has single combination member's individualism time the constraint degree of freedom ability that do not have, during as two benchmark of two parallel cylinders respectively as a target component, although the degree of freedom situation of constrained objective is identical during two cylinder independent roles, one of them cylinder can be made to belong to benchmark redundancy, but two cylinders can form a datum plane, thus make two cylinder benchmark combinations also have the constraint degree of freedom ability of datum plane, thus when there is the degree of freedom needing plane to retrain, these two cylinders just do not belong to benchmark redundancy, because the benchmark quantity of tolerance only has at most three, the reference element quantity therefore carrying out combining only has the combination of two key elements and combination two kinds of situations of three key elements,
The combination of two basic geometric elements can be divided into a little six kinds ,-point, point-line, point-face, line-line, line-face, face-face etc., wherein only three kinds of combinations such as a little-point, point-line, line-line can form new geometric type, namely straight line, plane, plane three kinds of benchmark are equivalent to respectively, as shown in the first three rows in table 2; Although three dissimilar geometric elements have very many combinations, but the geometric type that the combination that can produce new geometric type can only be first, second benchmark is a little and the geometric type of the 3rd benchmark is point or straight line, namely may be combined with into line when the first two benchmark is, face is combined into again, as the 4th row in table 2 and the 5th row with the 3rd some benchmark or linear datum; Put in order according to benchmark, benchmark combination only need judge whether four kinds of situations produce new geometric type, that is: the combination of the combination of the combination of the combination of the one the second two benchmark, the first benchmark and the 3rd benchmark, the second benchmark and the 3rd benchmark, the 3rd benchmark and the first two benchmark;
Legal benchmark combination must meet amount of constraint two conditions that can produce new geometric type He add degree of freedom, just may be combined to form the new geometric type that can increase restriction ability under only having the geometric type listed by table 2 and relative position; During the constraint degree of freedom ability that Calculation Basis combines, first calculate current base independent role and make constraint degree of freedom ability, the constraint degree of freedom quantity of the new geometric type of then calculation combination generation; Combined by benchmark and the constraint degree of freedom increased by involved benchmark shared, the tolerance component corresponding to this degree of freedom is using the equivalent geometric type of involved benchmark as measuring basis, and the direction of this degree of freedom is also determined by equivalent geometry;
(8) Correctness checking of three-dimensional tolerances marking.
2. the verification method of three-dimensional tolerances marking correctness as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (8), the Correctness checking of three-dimensional tolerances marking comprises:
A) tolerance type reasonalbeness check: the geometry site for benchmark and target has the tolerance type of requirement, ask benchmark and target geometric element at the unit vector dot product of the proper direction of nominal position, then compare with table 3, judge whether mate with tolerance type; If unit vector dot product is consistent with the corresponding entry in table 3, illustrate that the relative position of benchmark and target meets the requirement of tolerance type, otherwise provide the relative position of target component and reference element and the inconsistent error message of tolerance;
B) Benchmark System restriction ability checks: the Benchmark System of each tolerance at least must restriction table 4 mid point, line, Area Objects geometric element one degree of freedom, otherwise the restriction ability of Benchmark System is not enough; When tolerance value is with modifier
time, except position degree, the vertical degree of freedom of necessary restriction table 4 mid point of Benchmark System, line, Area Objects geometric element and T
xyand R
xy, otherwise the restriction ability of Benchmark System is not enough;
C) redundant reference inspection: the relation retraining degree of freedom according to table 4 tolerance type and geometric element, determines the parallel degree of freedom set that target geometric element must retrain and vertical degree of freedom set Tset and Pset; According to benchmark priority principle, one by one constraint degree of freedom capacity calculation is carried out to benchmark, if current base or the degree of freedom that can retrain with the combination of basis frontage in Tset or Pset, then the restrained degree of freedom in Tset or Pset is deleted; If current base and can not retrain with the combination of basis frontage and remainingly in Tset and Pset do not retrain degree of freedom, then current base is redundant reference, provides the error message of current base redundancy;
D) orientation of related features applicability checks: the rotational freedom of orientation of related features control objectives key element, if element to be measured does not exist the rotational freedom and R, R that need restraint
xy, R
x, R
yone of, then orientation of related features can not be applied, and provides the not applicable error message of current orientation of related features;
E) position of related features applicability checks rule: the translation freedoms of position of related features control objectives key element, if element to be measured does not exist the translation freedoms and T, T that need restraint
xy, T
x, T
yone of, then position of related features can not be applied, and provides the not applicable error message of current location tolerance;
F) Correctness checking of Dimensional Tolerance Marking Methods: if target rotational freedom is restrained, then the angle in this rotational freedom direction can only mark desired angle size; If target translation freedoms is restrained, then the distance in this translation freedoms direction can only mark ideal distance size; Be enough to condition if discontented, then provide current size tolerances marking and can not apply and the error message that can only mark ideal dimensions or desired angle;
G) modifier reasonalbeness check: when target geometric element is straight line and Benchmark System can only retrain its vertical translation degree of freedom T
xywith vertical rotation degree of freedom R
xytime, the tolerance value of position of related features and orientation of related features must with modifier
, target and reference element are a little and both overlap time, the tolerance value of position of related features must with modifier
; If be enough to condition discontented, then the tolerance value providing current location tolerance and orientation of related features does not have label symbol
error message;
H) integrality of tolerances marking: calculated by the restriction ability of Benchmark System and can find the abandoned degree of freedom of target component, thus find distance size and the Angular Dimension of omitting mark, also remind the tolerances marking that whether there is omission simultaneously;
I) refinement of tolerance system when composite tolerance marks: when location tolerance and orientation of related features combining case, the benchmark constraint nature degree of freedom of position of related features must comprise the constraint degree of freedom of orientation of related features, and orientation of related features value must be less than position of related features value, otherwise do not meet tolerance refinement principle; When existence two kinds of orientation of related features compound tenses, the effective freedom degree that the benchmark that the effective freedom degree that the benchmark of high-rise tolerance framing retrains must be over low layer tolerance framing retrains, namely must there is the operative constraint of the other direction being different from low layer in high-rise tolerance, the tolerance value of low layer must be less than high-rise tolerance value simultaneously, otherwise low layer orientation of related features belongs to redundancy tolerance.
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| CN108829905B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2023-04-14 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Benchmark system rationality inspection method based on Boolean algebra and degree of freedom analysis |
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