CN103317247B - Backwater welding process and determining method thereof - Google Patents
Backwater welding process and determining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103317247B CN103317247B CN201310286623.5A CN201310286623A CN103317247B CN 103317247 B CN103317247 B CN 103317247B CN 201310286623 A CN201310286623 A CN 201310286623A CN 103317247 B CN103317247 B CN 103317247B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a backwater welding process and a determining method of the backwater welding process. The determining method comprises the steps that a test tool is prepared; the test tool is utilized to conduct welding test evaluation analysis after multiple sets of welding process parameters are selected, wherein the process parameters comprise welding current, a welding voltage, welding speed, minimum input heat quantity and the like; the tests of metallographic analysis, nondestructive inspection, breaking-off testing and the like are conducted on acquired different welding samples; water temperature is adjusted, the tests are repeated, the influence of water temperature on the welding samples is evaluated, and then the welding process parameters are adjusted; according to test result analysis, reasonable backwater welding operating instructions and process parameters are formulated. The invention further provides the backwater welding process determined by the method. According to the backwater welding process and the determining method of the backwater welding process, the problem of backwater welding in the process of refitting and repairing ships can be solved, and therefore refitting cost is controlled and the machining period is shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding procedure of repairing for conversion of a vessel, particularly, relate to a kind of backwater welding procedure and defining method thereof.
Background technology
" backwater welding ", as the term suggests directly complete welding process exactly on the water surface.It has broken the conventional law that conventional boats and ships Outer Bottom Plating welding must carry out welding procedure in dock, even if boats and ships rest in harbour and also can construct, but because base plate directly contacts with water, so stricter to the requirement in welding procedure and welder's work progress in welding process.
Backwater welds, another side due to solder side has water to exist, during welding, molten bath high temperature can be cooled fast by back side water, easily makes solder joint brittle, hardens, form too high welding heat affected zone (HAZ) hardness, reduce the toughness of weld, and occur cold crack, and Fast Cooling, also hinder gas to get rid of from molten bath, cause the appearance of pore.
Held in Beijing in April, 2004 " tanker construction technology experts' evaluation meeting ", participant expert thoroughly discusses the welding sequence, construction technology etc. in repacking work progress.Consider that the major project that oil tanker is reequiped completes under floating state, welding job amount is large.For shortening construction period, technique that shipyard proposes " backwater welding ", namely boats and ships are in floating state, implement middle hold and newly add welding of double bottom structure and hull Outer Bottom Plating, and the hardness that shipyard provides backwater welded seam according to this and the hardness data of welding with in air dielectric.Participant expert generally believe can not using " weld hardness " as weighing apparatus accurate Weld Performance sole indicator, also should carry out other as tests such as pulling force, bending and impacts, and carry out Metallographic Analysis, understand material and the physicochemical property of weld seam, finally could judge that whether this technique is feasible.Owing to still can not prove that " backwater welding " technique is safe and reliable at present, can on negated the construction technology of Ship Structure " backwater welding " that shipyard proposes, advise that the weld seam of double bottom Nei Xinjia structure and floor all should carry out in depressed place.
Because there is no the process program of mature and reliable, substantially backwater welding scheme is not approved repairing shipbuilding circles classification society, shipowner, the filled weld between structure and floor such as bottom longitudinal, stringers, floor can only be carried out in dock, and this just significantly increases conversion of a vessel cost and repacking cycle.
In conversion of a vessel engineering, due to newly-increased double bottom structure, the welding of a large amount of bottom longitudinals, floor and floor all relates to backwater and welds problem.Because do not have the backwater welding procedure of mature and reliable, shipowner, ship inspection require that bottom member must carry out with welding of floor in dock.In order to farthest control to reequip cost, shortening the repacking cycle, needing to carry out research and development to backwater welding.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of technique for Ship Structure backwater welding in conversion of a vessel, repair procedures and defining method thereof, solve a backwater welding difficult problem in conversion of a vessel, repair procedures, farthest control repacking cost, shorten the process-cycle.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of defining method of backwater welding procedure, wherein, the method comprises: step 1, prepares test tool; Step 2, selected many bond pads technological parameter utilizes described test tool to carry out soldering test analysis and assessment, and described technological parameter comprises welding current, weldingvoltage, speed of welding, minimum input heat, core diameter etc.; Step 3, comprises the test of Metallographic Analysis, nondestructive inspection, breakdown test etc. to the different welded specimens of gained; Step 4, adjustment water temperature repeating test, assessment water temperature is on the impact of welded specimen, and then adjustment welding condition; Step 5, by test result analysis, makes rational backwater welding operation code and technological parameter.
The defining method of above-mentioned backwater welding procedure, wherein, the water temperature described in step 4 on the impact of welded specimen is: when water temperature exceeds standard lower than hardness number when 10 DEG C, and transversal crack appears in face of weld.
The defining method of above-mentioned backwater welding procedure, wherein, described test tool comprises test water tank, supports angle bar, the first test plate (panel) and the second test plate (panel); Mixture of ice and water is filled in described test water tank; Described strut angle ferropexy is in test water tank; The second described test plate (panel) is placed in and supports angle bar top, and the lower surface of the second test plate (panel) contacts with the aqueous phase in test water tank; The first described test plate (panel) is placed on the second test plate (panel).
The defining method of above-mentioned backwater welding procedure, wherein, selects the low-hydrogen electrode that anti-cold cracking, heat crack resistance are good in described test.
Present invention also offers the backwater welding procedure that a kind of said method is determined, it is characterized in that, multi-pass welding is taked in described backwater welding.So not only can reduce the heat input of every one deck welding bead, and be front effect of heat-treating crystal grain thinning together together after can also playing in welding process.Weld between per pass welding bead and all do not stop, until welding terminates.During welding, leg is greater than 9mm, and interlayer fit-up gap is 0-1mm, and interlayer temperature is less than 150 DEG C.
Above-mentioned backwater welding procedure, wherein, described backwater welding, needs to guarantee that joint cleans before weldering.Before construction, guarantee that the joint of wanted welding is without rubbish, without iron rust, dry clean, all tack weldings should be polished and be removed thoroughly.
Above-mentioned backwater welding procedure, wherein, the technological parameter of described backwater welding comprises: welding current is 180-200A, weldingvoltage is 25-26V, speed of welding is 15cm/min, minimum input heat is 1.44KJ/cm, core diameter is 4mm.
Above-mentioned backwater welding procedure, wherein, described backwater welding, welding rod used is 507 welding rods of diameter 4mm.This welding rod head has red colour code.
Above-mentioned backwater welding procedure, wherein, the temperature that described welding rod has to pass through 350-400 DEG C before use cures 1 hour.Described welding rod must be incubated with heat-preserving container with during use before use.Welder must go to get welding rod with heat-preserving container.
Above-mentioned backwater welding procedure, wherein, described backwater welding is applicable to the backwater base plate that thickness is more than or equal to 18mm; The mother metal carbon equivalent of described backwater base plate is less than or equal to 0.41.This carbon equivalent Ceq=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+ (Ni+Cu)/15.
Backwater welding procedure provided by the invention and defining method thereof have the following advantages:
By a large amount of basic research and repetition test work, constantly grope, finally grasped welding method and the various process parameters of backwater welding, and achieved the backwater qualification of welding procedure of Lloyd's Register of Shipping's accreditation.Backwater welding procedure is succeeded application in conversion of a vessel engineering, has saved production cost, has shortened the repacking cycle, and provides technical guarantee for the backwater welded articles of later conversion of a vessel engineering, and new approaches started by Appropriate application dock.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the test tool schematic diagram of backwater welding procedure defining method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sample Metallographic Analysis figure of backwater welding procedure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the pass sequence schematic diagram of backwater welding procedure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the assembling schematic diagram of backwater welding procedure of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described.
The defining method of backwater welding procedure provided by the invention, comprises: step 1, prepares test tool; Step 2, selected many bond pads technological parameter utilizes this test tool to carry out soldering test analysis and assessment, and wherein technological parameter comprises welding current, weldingvoltage, speed of welding, minimum input heat, core diameter etc.; Step 3, carries out the tests such as Metallographic Analysis, nondestructive inspection, breakdown test to the different welded specimens of gained; Step 4, assessment water temperature is on the impact of welded specimen, and its result is for exceeding standard when water temperature lower than hardness number when 10 DEG C, and transversal crack appears in face of weld; Step 5, by test result analysis, makes rational backwater welding operation code and technological parameter.
As shown in Figure 1, test tool comprises test water tank 1, supports angle bar 2, first test plate (panel) 3 and the second test plate (panel) 4; Mixture of ice and water is filled in test water tank 1; Supporting angle bar 2 is fixed in test water tank 1; Second test plate (panel) 4 is placed in and supports angle bar 2 top, and the lower surface of the second test plate (panel) 4 contacts with the aqueous phase in test water tank 1; First test plate (panel) 3 is placed on the second test plate (panel) 4.
Test water tank 1 appearance and size: length × wide × height=800mm × 400mm × 300mm.
Test piece for welding:
First test plate (panel) 3 size: length × wide=500mm × 150mm, thickness of slab 18mm, material is LRAH32.
Second test plate (panel) 4 size: length × wide=600mm × 400mm, thickness of slab 21mm, material is LRAH36.
The low-hydrogen electrode that anti-cold cracking, heat crack resistance are good is selected in test.
Present invention also offers the backwater welding procedure that a kind of said method is determined, take multi-pass welding, so not only can reduce the heat input of every one deck welding bead, and be front effect of heat-treating crystal grain thinning together together after can also playing in welding process.Weld between per pass welding bead and all do not stop, until welding terminates.During welding, leg is greater than 9mm, and interlayer fit-up gap is 0-1mm, and interlayer temperature is less than 150 DEG C.
Backwater needs before being welded on weldering to guarantee that joint cleans, and before construction, guarantee that the joint of wanted welding is without rubbish, and without iron rust, dry clean, all tack weldings should be polished and be removed thoroughly.
The technological parameter of this backwater welding comprises: welding current is 180-200A, weldingvoltage is 25-26V, speed of welding is 15cm/min, minimum input heat is 1.44KJ/cm, core diameter is 4mm.
Backwater welds, and welding rod used is 507 welding rods of diameter 4mm.This welding rod head has red colour code.The temperature that welding rod has to pass through 350-400 DEG C before use cures 1 hour.Welding rod must be incubated with heat-preserving container with during use before use.Welder must go to get welding rod with heat-preserving container.
The welding of this backwater is applicable to the backwater base plate that thickness is more than or equal to 18mm; The mother metal carbon equivalent of described backwater base plate is less than or equal to 0.41.Wherein, carbon equivalent Ceq=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+ (Ni+Cu)/15.
Adopt backwater welding procedure provided by the invention, the magnetic powder inspection result of gained sample is: carry out magnetic powder inspection by JISG0565 standard to its surface, does not find defect magnetic trace after testing, assessment of conformity.
Penetrant inspection report the result for: by JISZ2343 standard, penetrant inspection is carried out to its surface, does not find defect penetration signature after testing, assessment of conformity.
Choose sample, be respectively first test plate (panel) 3 and second test plate (panel) 4 of test water temperature when being 10 DEG C, and the first test plate (panel) 3 and the second test plate (panel) 4 when test water temperature is 12 DEG C, carry out breakdown test, all do not find pore, fiery slag, the weld defect such as lack of penetration.
As shown in Figure 2, wherein b is Weld pipe mill to the Metallographic Analysis result of sample, and c is melt run region, and d is HAZ region, and e is mother metal.Conclusion: the metallographic structure of each region all meets instructions for use as shown in Figure 2, reaches expected design effect.
Because the backwater weldering back side exists the water of flowing, solder technology, mainly there is following difficult point:
1 hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) (HIC)
Water decomposition is hydrogen and oxygen by the heat that welding produces, and the arc column that hydrogen and the oxygen of heat can produce in soldered process and molten bath are caught, and penetrate weld seam, reduction weld strength.
The method reducing hydrogen induced cracking generation mainly contains: use hydrogen controlled electrode; Adopt enough heat inputs, overcome the impact due to flow media, the input of this heat should control as minimum 1.44KJ/mm; Preheating during welding; Adopt rational pass sequence, as shown in Figure 3; The stress reasonably assembling to reduce the root of weld is concentrated, and assembling schematic diagram is see Fig. 4.
2 weld metals and heat affected area (HAZ) really up to the mark
During backwater welding, water is to the intensive quenching effect of welding arc, molten bath and weld metal, is easy to form too high weld metal hardness and heat affected area (HAZ) hardness, thus adds the possibility that weld heat-affected zone cracks.High fine grained structure that cooling velocity produces in most of the cases will reduce weld toughness, and the reduction of toughness is totally unfavorable to all dynamic structures, for the safe operation of boats and ships brings hidden danger.
Solution: control (electric current, voltage, speed of welding, pass sequence etc.) from welding parameter, strict implement technological parameter; Before test weld, chemical analysis is carried out to floor mother metal, and carbon equivalent " Ceq=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+ (Ni+Cu)/15 " certain particular value can not be exceeded, this particular value is 0.41; Backwater Control of floor is at reasonable thickness of slab (being not less than 18mm), and leg should control at certain limit (more than 9mm), and interlayer temperature must meet requirement of experiment (less than 150 DEG C).
The existence of 3 holes and slag inclusion
If slowly, bubble is just discharged and loss in an atmosphere from weld in molten bath cooling during welding.Meanwhile, welding slag floats weld pool surface and protects it from the negative effect of air.But if weld metal comparatively fast solidifies, bubble is not free loss just.Another counter productive that Fast Cooling causes is that hole (bubble) and slag inclusion appear in weld seam.
Solution: clean welded region before welding, thoroughly front layer welding slag is removed in welding process, adopt proper mating gap (0-1mm), strict control welding rod bake and bank up with earth program, control speed of welding (15cm/min), internal gas is easily overflowed, and adjustment arc length, implements suitable warm operation.
Backwater Welding points for attention provided by the invention and Site quality control main points as follows:
Should multi-pass welding be taked during welding, so not only can reduce the heat input of every one deck welding bead, and be front effect of heat-treating crystal grain thinning together together after can also playing in welding process.Welder must weld in strict accordance with every welding parameter, and between multi-pass welding per pass welding bead, welding should not stop, until welding terminates.
Control for welding rod: backwater welding rod can only have the diameter of red colour code to be 507 welding rods of 4mm with welding rod head, the temperature that welding rod has to pass through 350-400 DEG C before use cures 1 hour, welder must go to get welding rod with heat-preserving container, the welding rod quantity led must not exceed the amount that this welder uses half a day, and must be incubated with heat-preserving container before using and when using.
The requirement of butt welding wage matter: backwater weldering welder must hold the certificate of manual welding.Before welder's construction, welder's card must be submitted to ship and examine core, after waiting ship to examine accreditation, just can arrange construction.
The requirement that butt welding front connector is clean: before construction, guarantee that the joint of wanted welding is without rubbish, without iron rust, dry clean, all tack weldings should be polished and be removed thoroughly.
The control of butt welding machine: backwater welds the electric welding belt used should be separated with the electric welding belt of other purposes, avoids the electric current changing backwater weldering because other welders regulate electric current.
Backwater welding procedure provided by the invention, have passed the backwater qualification of welding procedure of Britain Lloyd's (LR) classification society approval, has successfully achieved the recognized certificate of LR classification society.Backwater welding procedure is succeeded application in conversion of a vessel engineering, has saved production cost, has shortened the repacking cycle.
Although content of the present invention has done detailed introduction by above preferred embodiment, will be appreciated that above-mentioned description should not be considered to limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read foregoing, for multiple amendment of the present invention and substitute will be all apparent.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. a defining method for backwater welding procedure, is characterized in that, the method comprises:
Step 1, prepares test tool; Described test tool comprises test water tank (1), supports angle bar (2), the first test plate (panel) (3) and the second test plate (panel) (4); Mixture of ice and water is filled in described test water tank (1); Described support angle bar (2) is fixed in test water tank (1); Described the second test plate (panel) (4) is placed in and supports angle bar (2) top, and the lower surface of the second test plate (panel) (4) contacts with the aqueous phase in test water tank (1); Described the first test plate (panel) (3) is placed on the second test plate (panel) (4);
Step 2, selected many bond pads technological parameter utilizes described test tool to carry out soldering test analysis and assessment, and described technological parameter comprises welding current, weldingvoltage, speed of welding, minimum input heat, core diameter;
Step 3, comprises the test of Metallographic Analysis, nondestructive inspection and breakdown test to the different welded specimens of gained;
Step 4, assessment water temperature is on the impact of welded specimen;
Step 5, by test result analysis, formulates backwater welding operation code and technological parameter.
2. the defining method of backwater welding procedure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the water temperature described in step 4 on the impact of welded specimen is: when water temperature exceeds standard lower than hardness number when 10 DEG C, and transversal crack appears in face of weld.
3. the defining method of backwater welding procedure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, select the low-hydrogen electrode that anti-cold cracking, heat crack resistance are good in described test.
4. the backwater welding procedure determined of method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, multi-pass welding is taked in described backwater welding, welds and all do not stop between per pass welding bead, until welding terminates; During welding, leg is greater than 9mm, and interlayer fit-up gap is 0-1mm, and interlayer temperature is less than 150 DEG C.
5. backwater welding procedure as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described backwater welding, needs to guarantee that joint cleans before weldering.
6. backwater welding procedure as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the technological parameter of described backwater welding comprises: welding current is 180-200A, weldingvoltage is 25-26V, speed of welding is 15cm/min, minimum input heat is 1.44kJ/cm, core diameter is 4mm.
7. backwater welding procedure as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described backwater welding, welding rod used is 507 welding rods of diameter 4mm.
8. backwater welding procedure as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the temperature that described welding rod has to pass through 350-400 DEG C before use cures 1 hour; Described welding rod must be incubated with heat-preserving container with during use before use.
9. backwater welding procedure as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described backwater welding is applicable to the backwater base plate that thickness is more than or equal to 18mm; The mother metal carbon equivalent of described backwater base plate is less than or equal to 0.41.
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| JP3332595B2 (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 2002-10-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | How to make a caisson bottom plate |
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| DE4135882A1 (en) * | 1991-10-31 | 1993-05-06 | Kuka Schweissanlagen + Roboter Gmbh, 8900 Augsburg, De | Welding process - by heating parts to be joined at welding seam and forging together with force using preset welding process parameters |
| CN101288919A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-10-22 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | 50-120mm thick plate and ultra-thick plate welding method |
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