CN103313728A - 治疗中cd89的活化 - Google Patents
治疗中cd89的活化 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103313728A CN103313728A CN2011800600344A CN201180060034A CN103313728A CN 103313728 A CN103313728 A CN 103313728A CN 2011800600344 A CN2011800600344 A CN 2011800600344A CN 201180060034 A CN201180060034 A CN 201180060034A CN 103313728 A CN103313728 A CN 103313728A
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Abstract
本发明涉及活化CD89的分子用于诱导嗜中性粒细胞凋亡的用途,所述活化CD89的分子特别是包含Fc-α的分子,并且更特别地是IgA。可选地使用抗CD89的抗体。CD89活化对于与嗜中性粒细胞增加相关的多种疾病的治疗是有益的,例如自身免疫性疾病,炎症疾病,NETosis或囊性纤维化。
Description
本发明涉及活化CD89的分子用于在嗜中性粒细胞中诱导凋亡的用途,所述活化CD89的分子具体为包含Fc-α的分子,并且更具体地为IgA。可选择地使用抗CD89的抗体。CD89活化对于与嗜中性粒细胞增加相关的多种疾病的治疗是有益的,例如自身免疫性疾病、炎症疾病、NETosis或囊性纤维化。
嗜中性粒细胞形成先天免疫系统的重要组成部分。它们通常存在于血液流中。在炎症的急性期期间,例如由于细菌感染的结果,嗜中性粒细胞通过趋化作用向炎症部位转移,被感染或炎症部位的活化的内皮细胞、肥大细胞和巨噬细胞释放的细胞因子/趋化因子吸引。嗜中性粒细胞也表达和释放细胞因子,其通过其它细胞类型放大炎症反应。嗜中性粒细胞在抵御入侵的病原体中发挥关键作用,使用吞噬、脱颗粒,从而释放水溶性抗微生物剂,和产生嗜中性粒细胞的胞外陷阱(neutrophil extracellular traps,NETs),其包括一个由染色质和如胞外诱杀微生物的丝氨酸蛋白酶的颗粒蛋白质构成的纤维网。NETs也可捕获病原体并防止其进一步扩散。嗜中性粒细胞自身往往会被巨噬细胞吞噬。
免疫球蛋白A(IgA)是粘膜表面的著名抗体类,它代表了自适应粘膜免疫的关键成员。与缺乏全部或部分的IgA相关的疾病,如常见变异型免疫缺陷(CVID)或完全IgA缺乏症,都与复发性窦肺和胃肠道感染、支气管扩张症和自身免疫性疾病有关联。在这些免疫性病理疾病的急性状态中一个共同发现是嗜中性粒细胞浸润,其通过有毒介质和分解代谢酶的释放导致大量侧支(collateral)组织损伤。因此,在嗜中性粒细胞有许多有益功能的同时,如果在初始刺激已经去除后没有被有效清除,它们也可能造成重大损伤。
IgA受体CD89(FcαR)是一种在如嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的髓系细胞的表面上存在的跨膜糖蛋白,其介导对病原体的免疫反应。它与IgA调控的靶标(IgA-opsonisedtarget)相互作用,并触发免疫防御进程,例如吞噬、抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒作用、炎症介质的释放和呼吸爆发活动的触发。
发明人现惊讶地发现CD89的活化,具体的是通过包含Fc-α的分子如IgA或抗CD89抗体,可以诱导嗜中性粒细胞中的凋亡,并且这种活性在嗜中性粒细胞在例如微生物成分如脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)或脂磷壁酸(lipoteichoic acid,LTA),或细胞因子如GM-CSF或TNFα已预活化嗜中性粒细胞时被增强。这一观察结果是与涉及慢性嗜中性粒细胞炎症性疾病的治疗高度相关的,例如,自身免疫性炎症疾病,涉及过度NETosis的疾病,脓液形成的慢性感染或在最初导致嗜中性粒细胞招募至感染部位解决感染之后持续或变成慢性的无菌嗜中性粒细胞介导的炎症疾病。因此,在本发明中,CD89的活化实际上通过在嗜中性粒细胞中活化凋亡通路导致炎症的抑制。
因此,本发明的一个方面是用于诱导嗜中性粒细胞(优选预活化的嗜中性粒细胞)凋亡的活化CD89的分子,例如包含Fc-α的分子或抗CD89抗体。优选地,包含Fc-α的分子是免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)。所述IgA可以是多克隆的,并且可以是来源于血清或血浆,优选来自人血清或血浆。所述IgA可以是例如二聚体或单体,或其混合物。二聚体IgA还可包括J链,并且可额外包括分泌成分。也可以考虑使用单克隆IgA。所述IgA可以是IgA1或IgA2或其混合物。优选所述IgA是人的,但是,也可以使用灵长类动物的IgA。血清或血浆的二聚体IgA还可与分泌成分混合,优选重组分泌成分,甚至更优选人的重组分泌成分。四聚体形式的IgA也可以偶尔出现。
包含Fc-α的分子也可以是Fc-α本身或其功能性变体(例如截短尾的形式,缺少某些C末端氨基酸残基,例如18C末端氨基酸残基,参见Pleass,RJ等人,J.Biol.Chem.274,23508-23514,1999),但优选它是IgA的Fc部分或其功能性变体与其他蛋白质(例如与白蛋白,如人血清白蛋白)的融合蛋白。但是,其他可溶性蛋白也可以被用作融合伴侣。此外,可以考虑使用单链Fc-α部分,或Fc-α的功能性变体的单链版本,以及这种单链Fc-α部分的二聚体或甚至多聚体。当我们在本文档中提到Fc-α、Fcα的功能性变体(例如截短尾的形式)和/或其他功能性变体(例如没有导致丧失活化CD89的活性的具有一个或多个氨基酸取代、删除或插入的Fc-α分子),均意于包含于术语“Fc-α”。
功能性变体是这样的分子,其保留原始分子的活化CD89的活性的至少30%,优选至少40%、50%或60%,更优选至少70%、75%、80%、90%、95%,甚至更优选至少98%,最优选全部活性。还可以考虑的是,功能性变体可以增强活化CD89的活性。
抗CD89可以是:以CD89或其片段免疫由抗血清产生的,从抗CD89抗血清纯化的抗体或其结合CD89的片段,或单克隆抗CD89抗体或其结合CD89的片段。优选地,使用单克隆抗CD89的抗体。一旦鉴定了有期望活性的单克隆抗体,可以生产具有与单克隆抗体相同效果的模拟物(mimetics)。
本发明的另一个方面是包含活化CD89的分子的药物组合物,优选包含Fc-α的分子或上述抗CD89的抗体,其中组合物中至少50%的蛋白质是包含Fc-α的分子或抗CD89的抗体。优选地,至少60%的蛋白质是包含Fc-α的分子或抗CD89的抗体,更优选至少70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%,最优选至少98%。
在本发明的另一个方面中,用活化CD89的分子(优选包含Fc-α的分子或抗CD89的抗体)处理的嗜中性粒细胞定位于有自身免疫性疾病或炎症疾病、特别是慢性嗜中性粒细胞性炎症疾病的患者中。自身免疫性疾病或炎症疾病的例子是无菌嗜中性粒细胞性炎症,例如脓胸,或在其他腔如子宫腔的积脓(子宫积脓),感染性炎症例如脑膜炎脓,囊性纤维化,支气管扩张,嗜中性粒细胞诱导的炎症,NETosis,关节炎,具体为类风湿性关节炎、脊柱关节炎、强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis)/强直性脊椎炎(Morbus Bechterew)或反应性关节炎(例如瑞特氏病)。进一步的例子包括主要由嗜中性粒细胞介导的其他炎症疾病,例如炎性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)。
在本发明的另一个方面中,活化CD89的分子(优选包含Fc-α的分子或抗CD89的抗体)局部给药于嗜中性粒细胞数量增高的位点,例如进入关节炎患者的患病关节,特别是进入类风湿性关节炎患者的患病关节,或至无菌或感染炎症的位点,或至慢性嗜中性粒细胞性炎症的位点。
嗜中性粒细胞也可定位于囊性纤维化患者的肺中,其中NETosis(即过度的NET(嗜中性粒细胞的胞外陷阱)的形成)已与受损的阻塞性肺功能有关。在这种情况下,通过吸入的方式给药活化CD89的分子(优选包含Fc-α的分子)是有益的。优选地,与DNase联合给药。
此外,所述NETosis可能与其他自身炎症疾病的病理机制相关,例如子痫前症、感染性休克和自身免疫性血管炎。因此,本发明的另一个方面是包含Fc-α的分子(特别是IgA)或抗CD89的抗体,其用于治疗这些疾病,优选用于诱导位于患有这些疾病的患者的嗜中性粒细胞、优选活化的嗜中性粒细胞中的凋亡。
本发明的另一个方面是诱导嗜中性粒细胞凋亡的方法,包括将嗜中性粒细胞与有效剂量的活化CD89的分子(例如包含Fc-α的分子或抗CD89的抗体)接触。优选地,嗜中性粒细胞在接触活化CD89的分子之前或过程中已经或者正在经受炎症性细胞因子或微生物产品或其他刺激。
包含Fc-α的分子的有效剂量可以在血浆中IgA浓度之上,优选为IgA血浆浓度的大约3倍,更优选为IgA血浆浓度的大约10倍、15倍或者20倍,或甚至更高。
活化CD89的分子(优选包含Fc-α的分子或抗CD89的抗体)优选包含于药物组合物中,所述药物组合物包含一种或更多药学上可接受的赋形剂。所述组合物额外可包括稳定剂。
给药途径可以是静脉注射,皮下注射,吸入,滴鼻,外用(即皮肤或粘膜表面包括肠道或眼睛,作为眼药水给药),口服,但优选局部给药,即至过多的嗜中性粒细胞浸润或活动的部位,例如进入关节炎关节,对于囊性纤维化通过吸入方式,通过注射至无菌感染位点等。剂型可以是片剂,胶囊剂,霜剂,栓剂,但优选无菌溶液。该产品可以冻干的形式提供,并在使用前重构成液体形式,或者它可以提供一个稳定的液体制剂。
本发明的另一个方面是活化CD89的分子,例如包含Fc-α的分子或抗CD89的抗体,与其它治疗剂组合使用,例如抗炎症化合物,如NSAIDs,可以调节免疫反应的抗体例如抗CD20(如Rituxan),抗TNFα(如Remicade,Humira),抗生素,抗病毒化合物例如更昔洛韦,抗真菌化合物例如Voriconazol,或抗原生动物化合物。
包含Fc-α的分子可以是多克隆IgA,如从血清或血浆分离的,优选从人血清或血浆分离的。更优选地,从大量人血浆纯化。甚至更优选地,作为人血浆分级分离和/或随后的纯化的血浆蛋白的一个副产品纯化,最优选从来自合并的人血浆生产IgG制剂(如IVIg或SCIg)的过程中产生的副级分(side fraction)而来,和/或从来自血浆生产IgG制剂过程中获得的沉淀而来。
优选地,IgA二聚体分离(或富集)自人合并的血浆。更优选地,这些二聚体进一步与分泌成分结合,例如重组产生的分泌成分。由此产生的分泌的IgA可能在具有高水平蛋白酶的环境中更稳定,例如关节炎关节的滑液或发炎的肺部或肠道。由于大部分嗜中性粒细胞颗粒蛋白是蛋白酶,这可能是实施本发明的一个特别优选的方式。
可替代地,IgA可以是单克隆的。可通过杂交瘤细胞系,或通过包括带有合适的启动子和任选地还包括调控元件的、轻链和重链cDNA的表达质粒的工程细胞系,产生单克隆IgA。本领域技术人员熟知生产杂交瘤的方法,例如通过细胞融合或IgA的永生化生产B淋巴细胞。分离编码抗体重链和轻链cDNA和克隆这些cDNA至合适的表达载体的方法也是本领域公知的技术。然后可以转染表达载体至细胞系,例如哺乳动物细胞系如CHO细胞或HKE293细胞,并选择稳定表达所期望的抗体的细胞系。例如,合适的技术可以在CurrentProtocols in Molecular Biology,Ausubel FM等人(编者)John Wiley&Sons,Inc.;http://www.currentprotocols.com/WileyCDA/中找到。当术语“IgA”在整个该文档中使用时,IgA的功能性变体,例如带有并未导致丧失活化CD89的活性的一个或多个氨基酸取代、删除或插入,也均包含于上述术语中。
包含Fc-α的分子也可为工程融合蛋白。例如,编码IgA重链的Fc-α部分的cDNA框内融合至编码其他蛋白的cDNA,优选可溶性蛋白,例如人血清白蛋白。合适的Fc-α的cDNA序列的例子如SEQ IDNO:1和2所示。
包含Fc-α的分子也可为单链Fc-α蛋白,其中2个Fc-αcDNA通过编码连接肽的核酸连接起来,以与单链Fv片段相似的方式工程化。( A,Plückthun A.J.Mol.Biol,2001;305:989-1010)。2个或更多的这种单链Fc-α蛋白也可连起来形成二聚体或多聚体Fc-α单位。这种分子可通过常规技术生产,例如Current Protocols in MolecularBiology,Ausubel FM等人(编者)John Wiley&Sons,Inc.;http://www.currentprotocols.com/WileyCDA/中所述。例如,IgA重链的Fc-α部分可从产生IgA的细胞使用设计包含合适的限制性位点的引物通过RT-PCR扩增。然后用相应的限制性酶消化得到的cDNA并克隆入合适的准备好的表达载体。可将编码连接肽的合成寡核苷酸插入合适的位置,例如用合适的限制性酶消化并将有合适设计的末端的寡核苷酸连接入载体。然后,例如在大肠杆菌中,使用标准技术大量生产完整的表达质粒。纯化后,可转染质粒至哺乳动物细胞中,以及可以生产出稳定表达所期望的蛋白的细胞系。然后可以纯化蛋白。实施这些步骤的标准技术是可获取的。
例如,也可以考虑嵌合Fc-α部分,包括来自IgA1重链的一个恒定结构域和一个来自IgA2重链的一个恒定结构域;本领域技术人员熟知免疫球蛋白结构域并能够鉴定结构域边界并按照所期望的来组合免疫球蛋白结构域。也包含Fc-α部分与J链结合;另外,所得分子还可与分泌成分结合。如上所述,也可使用Fc-α的功能性片段和功能性变体;也包括融合蛋白、二聚体、多聚体,这些功能性变体与J链结合,或与J链和分泌成分结合。
优选的分泌成分包含人多聚免疫球蛋白受体(pIgR)氨基酸序列的氨基酸残基1位至残基约606位的至少一个片段或其变体,例如来自不同哺乳动物种类的相似部分。但是,优选人的序列。人pIgR的蛋白序列可在SwissProt登录号P01833下发现(还可参见Krajci等人,1989,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Comm 158,783-789)。
可替代地,活化CD89的蛋白可以是抗CD89。本领域技术人员对于生产抗CD89的方法是熟知的。CD89,或其片段,可用作生产特定抗血清的抗原。可从这种抗血清分离抗体。也可生产单克隆抗体,并且对于本领域技术人员来说生产这种单克隆抗体的方法是众所周知的。优选地,单克隆抗CD89的抗体是人抗体,例如从永生化的人B淋巴细胞或从动物自己的免疫球蛋白基因已经至少部分由相应人基因替换的动物生产。用于抗体生产的技术是公知的,并详细描述于多种实验室手册中,例如Ed Harlow&David Lane:Antibodies,ALaboratory Manual,或Sambrook等人:Molecular Cloning,ALaboratory Manual(均来自CSHL)。
下面的实施例用于举例说明本发明。这些实施例拟作为实施本发明的方式示例并不应当用于限制本发明。
实施例:诱导嗜中性粒细胞凋亡
材料与方法
抗体:抗CD89(克隆A59)(均为未标记和藻红蛋白(PE)缀合的),和PE缀合的免疫球蛋白G1(IgG1)同型对照来自BDBiosciences(Basel,Switzerland)。山羊抗小鼠IgG(GaM)和未标记的对照IgG1获取自Jackson ImmunoResearch实验室(分布于Milan Analytica,La Roche,Switzerland)。抗Fas激动mAb(CH11)获取自LabForce AG(Nunningen,Switzerland)。合并的血清IgA获取自CSL Behring AG(Wankdorf,Bern),并按下述方法进行制备:IgA从使用BAC(Naarden,Netherlands)的CaptureSelect人IgA树脂通过亲和层析进行的IVIg/SCIg制造过程的人血浆和副级分中纯化。简言之,低温贫人合并血浆或副级分在接近生理条件(pH,电导率)下,在不超出柱子的IgA结合容量的情况下,载入平衡好的CaptureSelect人IgA柱。之后柱子用磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤并且在pH3下以甘氨酸缓冲液洗脱IgA。洗脱液进行pH值校正并浓缩至50mg/ml蛋白。如上所述,单体IgA可通过制备体积排阻色谱例如使用Superdex200凝胶树脂从所获得的血浆IgA中纯化。细胞:血液嗜中性粒细胞从健康个体以及患有类风湿性关节炎(RA)并伴有急性关节发炎的患者中分离。简言之,外周血单核细胞(PBMC)通过Ficoll-Hypaque(Seromed-Fakola AG,Basel,Switzerland)分离。较低的相,主要是粒细胞和红细胞,用红细胞裂解液(155mM NH4Cl,10mM KHCO3,和0.1mM EDTA[乙二胺四乙酸],pH7.3)处理。所得细胞群包含大部分嗜中性粒细胞。从患有RA的患者来的关节流体嗜中性粒细胞通过相同的实验步骤分离。用Diff-Quik(Baxter,Düdingen,Switzerland)染色和光学显微镜分析来评估细胞纯度。所得群的纯度为至少95%嗜中性粒细胞。
免疫荧光:CD89的表面表达在用饱和浓度的PE缀合的抗CD89和同型匹配的PE缀合的对照mAbs孵育细胞后通过流式细胞术进行分析。
细胞培养:嗜中性粒细胞在1x106/mL在存在或不存在细胞因子或LPS和/或抗体的情况下使用完全培养基(RPMI 1640包含10%胎牛血清[FCS]和200IU/mL青霉素/100μg/mL链霉素,均来自LifeTechnologies,Basel,Switzerland)在指定时间培养。如果没有另外指示,细胞用17.5μg/mL抗CD89mAb或10mg/ml血浆IgA刺激。GM-CSF(Novartis Pharma GmbH,Nürnberg,Germany)以25ng/mL使用,抗Fas mAb(CH11)以1μg/mL使用。LPS(Sigma Aldrich,Buchs,Switzerland)以100ng/ml使用。山羊抗小鼠以30μg/ml使用,G-CSF(Aventis Pharma,Zurich,Switzerland)以25ng/mL,IFN-γ(R&DSystems,Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt,Germany)以85ng/mL,IFN-α(PBLBiomedical Laboratories,distributed by Alexis)以500U/mL,TNF-α(R&D Systems,Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt,Germany)以25ng/mL,以及LTA(Konstanz大学T.Hartung惠赠)以10μg/mL。Caspase抑制剂qVD-OPh(喹啉-Val-Asp-二氟苯氧基甲基酮)以20μM使用。
细胞死亡和凋亡的测定:细胞死亡通过摄取1μM溴化乙锭和流式细胞术分析(FACSCalibur,Becton Dickinson)来评估。为了确定死亡的形式,进行了形态分析和膜联蛋白V(annexin V)分析。对于形态分析,细胞培养15小时,并用Giemsa-May-Grünwald(Diff-Quik)染色。使用配备630/1.4油物镜的Axiovert35显微镜(Carl Zeiss,Heidelberg,Germany)。图像用Adobe Photoshop5.0软件(Adobe,SanJose,CA)处理。为了确定细胞死亡是否为凋亡,磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)在嗜中性粒细胞膜中的再分配通过膜联蛋白V染色和流式细胞术分析(FACSCalibur,Becton Dickinson),使用市售的细胞凋亡检测试剂盒,根据制造商的说明书(BD Biosciences),在碘化丙啶(PI)存在的情况下进行分析(von Gunten S等人,Blood 2005;106:1423-1431.)。为了检测DNA片段化,典型的凋亡特征,细胞由荧光低渗溶液(50μg/ml碘化丙啶,0.1%柠檬酸钠,0.1%Triton X-100)通透,导致DNA多聚体(182bp)泄露至细胞外。然后DNA剩余的、降低的量通过DNA嵌入剂碘化丙啶染色并通过流式细胞术分析(Nicoletti I等人,JImmunol.Methods1991;139:271-279)。
实施例1:LPS或GM-CSF刺激嗜中性粒细胞CD89的表达
如上所述,从健康志愿者的血液中分离嗜中性粒细胞。细胞在存在或者不存在炎症性刺激(100ng/ml LPS或10ng/ml GM-CSF)下孵育8小时。然后,细胞与藻红蛋白(PE)标记的抗CD89或PE标记的同型匹配的对照抗体孵育。然后,通过流式细胞术评估CD89的表达。
在没有炎症性刺激的情况下嗜中性粒细胞表达CD89(图1A),并且当细胞在存在炎症性刺激例如LPS(图1A,左泳道)或GM-CSF(图1A,右泳道)的情况下CD89表达增高。也显示了细胞用对照抗体染色的图谱。
图1B显示LPS和GM-CSF上调CD89的时间进程。4小时后观察到显著的表达上调。
实施例2:CD89连接刺激嗜中性粒细胞细胞死亡
如上所述分离嗜中性粒细胞。然后,细胞与抗CD89单克隆抗体,抗Fas抗体,抗Fas+抗CD89孵育,每个均在存在和不存在山羊抗小鼠抗体(GaM)。通过溴化乙锭摄取和流式细胞术分析评估细胞死亡。通过抗CD89单克隆抗体(mAb)连接CD89导致嗜中性粒细胞细胞死亡的显著增高(图2A),与抗Fas诱导细胞死亡相似。CD89介导的死亡通过交联进一步显著增强。显示了22小时培养的结果(n=5)。(B)22小时嗜中性粒细胞培养中的抗CD89mAb的浓度效果曲线显示最大死亡效果在17.5μg/ml(n=5)(图2B)。
从血浆分离的IgA或单克隆IgA和其他包含Fc-α的分子会显示相似的效果,特别是获得了CD89交联。
实施例3:血清IgA和CD89诱导嗜中性粒细胞细胞死亡
如上所述,从健康志愿者分离血液嗜中性粒细胞。细胞在培养基中存在或不存在10mg/ml血浆IgA(图3A)或17.5μg/ml抗CD89(图3B)在存在多种炎症性刺激下孵育。在活化的嗜中性粒细胞中IgA清楚地增加细胞死亡(图3A)。抗CD89单克隆抗体获得了相似的结果,显示于图3B。总血浆IgA(包含单体和二聚体)和血浆IgA单体亚组分同样有效诱导嗜中性粒细胞细胞死亡(图3C)。
实施例4:来自强直性脊柱炎患者的嗜中性粒细胞CD89表达水平提高
从健康志愿者和强直性脊柱炎患者分离嗜中性粒细胞。然后,它们与PE标记的抗CD89mAb或PE标记的对照抗体孵育并通过流式细胞术分析CD89表达。与健康供体(图4,点线)相比,来自强直性脊柱炎患者的嗜中性粒细胞显示CD89的表面表达显著提高(图4,实线)。也显示了同样的嗜中性粒细胞样品的同型匹配对照mAb染色结果。
实施例5:从患者分离的嗜中性粒细胞更容易发生抗CD89和IgA介导的细胞死亡
从健康志愿者的血液分离的嗜中性粒细胞用于对照目的,从关节炎患者(患者患有类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、银屑病关节炎和“未知”关节炎)的关节/滑膜液,并且在存在或不存在抗CD89抗体或培养基下培养24小时;此后,嗜中性粒细胞细胞死亡如上所述进行分析。抗CD89导致来自关节炎患者的滑膜嗜中性粒细胞的高死亡率。显著高于健康志愿者的血液的嗜中性粒细胞的死亡率显示于图5A。10mg/ml的血浆IgA观察到相同的效果(图5B)。
实施例6:胰半胱天冬酶(Pan-caspase)抑制剂qVD-OPh抑制IgA介导的嗜中性粒细胞的细胞死亡
如上所述,从健康志愿者的血液中分离嗜中性粒细胞。然后,细胞在存在或不存在炎症性刺激(LPS,GM-CSF)的情况下培养24小时,并在不存在或存在IgA和/或胰半胱天冬酶抑制剂qVD-OPh(20μM)评估细胞死亡。结果显示于图6。胰半胱天冬酶抑制剂qVD-OPh在存在和不存在LPS和GM-CSF的情况下均阻断血浆IgA介导的嗜中性粒细胞细胞死亡。作为对照,显示了抗Fas mAb诱导的凋亡和qVD-OPh对其抑制。这些发现显示IgA介导的嗜中性粒细胞细胞死亡是半胱天冬酶依赖的程序性细胞死亡,即凋亡。
实施例7:如膜联蛋白V染色所示,经合并的血清IgA结合到嗜中性粒细胞,磷脂酰丝氨酸再分配
如上所述,从健康志愿者的血液中分离性粒细胞,并在存在或不存在血浆IgA或抗CD89mAb的情况下在培养基、有GM-CSF或LPS的培养基中孵育。对于对照,嗜中性粒细胞与诱导凋亡的抗Fas mAb孵育。6小时后,通过膜联蛋白V染色和流式细胞术评估磷脂酰丝氨酸再分配。10小时后,通过碘化丙啶染色和流式细胞术评估DNA片段化。在GM-CSF或LPS存在下合并的血清IgA连接导致强的磷脂酰丝氨酸再分配(图7A)和DNA片段化(图7B),均指示诱导嗜中性粒细胞凋亡。使用抗CD89mAb而不是血浆IgA获得了可比较的结果(图7A,7B)。这些散点图显示5个实验中代表性的1个。显示了每个象限中的细胞的百分比。在图7B中,凋亡细胞的相对数量(百分比)表示在每个直方图中。
实施例8:CD89介导的嗜中性粒细胞死亡的形态
如上所述,从健康志愿者的血液中分离性粒细胞。在存在和不存在抗CD89的情况下,它们在仅培养基、GM-CSF或LPS下培养15小时。它们通过Giemsa-May-Grünwald(Diff-Quik)染色,并通过显微镜检查。CD89介导的嗜中性粒细胞死亡显示典型的经典凋亡形态特征(减小的细胞体积,片段化的细胞核)。预计IgA介导的嗜中性粒细胞死亡显示相同的形态特征。
Claims (21)
1.一种活化CD89的分子,其用于诱导嗜中性粒细胞凋亡。
2.权利要求1的活化CD89的分子,其中它是包含Fc-α或其功能性等价物的分子。
3.权利要求2的分子,其中它是免疫球蛋白A(IgA)。
4.权利要求3的IgA,其中所述IgA源自血清或血浆。
5.权利要求3或4的IgA,其中所述IgA是二聚体。
6.权利要求3或4的IgA,其中所述IgA是单体。
7.权利要求5的IgA,其中所述IgA二聚体包括J链。
8.权利要求7的IgA,其中所述IgA二聚体包括分泌成分。
9.权利要求3或4的IgA,其中所述IgA包括单体和二聚体IgA。
10.权利要求3-9任一项的IgA,其是多克隆的。
11.权利要求3或5-9任一项的IgA,其是单克隆的。
12.权利要求3-11任一项的IgA,其中所述IgA是IgA1或IgA2或其混合物。
13.权利要求1的活化CD89的分子,其中它是抗CD89的抗体,优选单克隆抗体。
14.包含权利要求1-13任一项的活化CD89的分子的药物组合物,其中所述组合物中至少50%的蛋白质是所述活化CD89的分子。
15.权利要求1-13任一项的活化CD89的分子,其中所述嗜中性粒细胞包含于患有自身免疫疾病或炎症疾病的患者。
16.权利要求15的活化CD89的分子,其中所述自身免疫疾病或炎症疾病选自无菌嗜中性粒细胞炎症、感染性炎症、嗜中性粒细胞诱导的炎症、炎症性肠道疾病和NETosis。
17.权利要求15的活化CD89的分子,其中所述自身免疫疾病是关节炎,特别是类风湿性关节炎、脊柱关节炎、强直性脊柱炎/强直性脊椎炎或反应性关节炎。
18.根据权利要求1-13任一项的活化CD89的分子,其中所述活化CD89的分子是局部给药的。
19.根据权利要求1-13任一项的活化CD89的分子,其中所述嗜中性粒细胞在患有囊性纤维化的患者中。
20.诱导嗜中性粒细胞凋亡的方法,其包括将所述嗜中性粒细胞与有效剂量的权利要求1-13任一项的活化CD89的分子接触。
21.权利要求20的方法,其中所述嗜中性粒细胞已被炎症性刺激例如炎症细胞因子或微生物成分(例如LPS)预活化。
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CN107428840A (zh) * | 2015-03-25 | 2017-12-01 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | 抗cd89细胞毒素的复合物 |
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US9522184B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
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NZ610891A (en) | 2015-05-29 |
EP2465536A1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
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AU2011343392A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
CA2821296A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
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CN103313728B (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
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EP2651440A1 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
MX2013006589A (es) | 2014-02-06 |
JP2014502962A (ja) | 2014-02-06 |
US20130302345A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
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