A kind of adaptive optic fiber coupling or collimater control system of laser beam bidirectional transmit-receive
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of adaptive optic fiber coupling or collimater control system of laser beam bidirectional transmit-receive, can be used for free space laser communication, Laser Atmospheric Transmission, laser accurate location, laser radar etc. based on the space laser application of optical fiber.
Background technology
In the space laser system based on optical fiber, how to improve space optical coupling efficient, reduce signal to noise ratio, be to need one of key technical problem that solves.In fact, because the existence of atmospheric turbulence effect, mechanical platform vibrations and heat distortion, the laser beam that arrives receiving terminal can produce angular error, has greatly affected optical coupling efficiency.Simultaneously, the factors such as atmospheric turbulence effect, mechanical platform vibrations and heat distortion also can make the Emission Lasers bundle produce angular error, have affected the Laser emission precision.Therefore, how calibration of laser arrives a large difficult point in the space laser application technology that angular error and Laser emission angle error be based on optical fiber.
Chinese patent application [201110460843.6] " efficient space light-optical fiber coupling method " proposes to utilize the PID control circuit according to the driving voltage of the strong and weak dynamically control liquid crystalline phase level controller of surveying light signal, change the phase place of convergent beam, the coupling of realization high-efficiency dynamic, but the control precision of this system is not high, and there is inconvenience in the use of liquid crystalline phase level controller.2012, H.Takenaka etc. are by the control fast steering mirror, alleviate the beam angle errors that atmospheric turbulence effect causes, realized optical communication (H.Takenaka between the star ground of high coupling efficiency, M.Toyoshima, and Y.Takayama, " Experimental verification of fiber-coupling efficiency for satellite-to-ground atmospheric laser downlinks; " Optics Express20,15301-15308 (2012)), but owing to having used inclined mirror, the structure of system is comparatively complicated, and dynamic characteristic is relatively poor.2005 and 2011, the people such as the L.Beresnev (L.A.Beresnev of AUS research laboratory, and M.A.Vorontsov, " Design of adaptive fiber optics collimator for free-space communication laser transceiver; " Proc.SPIE5895,58950R (2005)) and the honest and just superfine people (C.Geng of Photoelectric Technology Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences, X.Li, X.Zhang, and C.Rao, " Coherent beam combination of an optical array using adaptive fiber optics collimators; " Optics Communications284,5531-5536 (2011)) independently developed respectively a kind of adaptive optical fibre source collimater (Adaptive fiber-optics collimator that is called, AFOC) device, this device can accurately be controlled the deflection angle of outgoing collimated light beam adaptively in small angle range.Adaptive optical fibre source collimater, liquid crystalline phase level controller and fast steering mirror can both be realized the deflection control to laser beam.Compare with fast steering mirror with the liquid crystalline phase level controller, adaptive optical fibre source collimater directly drives fiber end face, and motional inertia is little, and mechanical resonant frequency is high, and compact conformation is conducive to array integrated.According to the reversibility pricinple of light path, adaptive optical fibre source collimater has possessed the possibility that realizes the adaptive optic fiber coupling.
To sum up, current still do not possess a kind of technology that realizes that adaptively synchronously coupling of laser beam and collimation are launched, and prior art exists weak point separately at aspects such as control precision, dynamic range, system configurations.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of adaptive optic fiber coupling or collimater control system of laser beam bidirectional transmit-receive are provided, the coupled light beam that causes because of factors such as atmospheric turbulance disturbance, mechanical shock, heat distortion be can proofread and correct adaptively and angular error and outgoing collimated light beam emission angle error arrived, realization is proofreaied and correct the synchronous self-adapting that coupled light beam arrives angular error and collimated light beam emission angle error, improves laser coupled efficient and the Laser emission precision of system.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of adaptive optic fiber coupling or collimater control system of laser beam bidirectional transmit-receive comprise coupling or collimating lens, branch sleeve, location for optical fiber surface device, the first optical fiber, three fiber port circulators, the second optical fiber, the 3rd optical fiber, laser, photodetector, control platform and high-voltage amplifier.Wherein, the location for optical fiber surface device comprises again flexible rood beam, double piezoelectric crystal chip driver, damping material, boss and holder, one end of two pairs of double piezoelectric crystal chip drivers be connected to holder around, the other end is connected with flexible rood beam, the center of flexible rood beam is provided with centre bore, and the first optical fiber is fixed in the centre bore of flexible rood beam after passing successively holder, boss.Coupling or collimating lens are embedded in an end of branch sleeve, the location for optical fiber surface device is fixed in the other end of branch sleeve, the fiber end face at flexible rood beam place places the back focus position of coupling or collimating lens, the location for optical fiber surface device is connected through the transmitted in both directions port of the first optical fiber with three fiber port circulators, the unidirectional input port of three fiber port circulators is connected with laser through the second optical fiber, and the shoot laser of the unidirectional output port of three fiber port circulators is emitted to photodetector.The laser that laser sends transfers to the fiber end face at flexible rood beam place and from the fiber end face outgoing, collimates output behind coupling or collimating lens through three fiber port circulator.Arrive the laser beam of adaptive optic fiber coupling or collimater after coupling or collimating lens focusing, converge on the fibre core of flexible rood beam place fiber end face and be coupled in the first optical fiber, behind three fiber port circulators, receive from the 3rd optical fiber outgoing and by photodetector, the optical intensity voltage signal real-time Transmission that photodetector obtains is to controlling platform, control platform with the coupling light energy as Performance Evaluating Indexes, utilize control algolithm to produce control signal after high-voltage amplifier amplifies, drive double piezoelectric crystal chip driver, change the position of flexible rood beam place fiber end face on coupling or collimating lens back focal plane, initiatively follow the tracks of the convergent beam focus, proofreaied and correct adaptively because of atmospheric turbulance, mechanical shock, the light beam that the factors such as heat distortion cause arrives angular error, according to the reversibility pricinple of light path, realized that also the emission angle of outgoing collimated light beam is corrected simultaneously.
Described boss and damping material are used for improving the resonance characteristic of location for optical fiber surface device, and wherein boss has the various structures form, comprise stairstepping, slope shape, vertical shape and other version; Damping material can adopt silicon rubber, visco-elastic damping material, resinous material or other materials.
Described optical fiber can be the optical fiber of monomode fiber, single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, large mode field diameter doubly clad optical fiber, multimode fiber, photonic crystal fiber or other types.
Described flexible rood beam place fiber end face need be done the polishing milled processed and plate anti-reflection film, and when the high-power transmitting/receiving of laser, fiber end face can be done 8 degree angles or other angle grindings are processed; In reliability requirement high occasion or the high-power transmitting/receiving occasion of laser, flexible rood beam place optical fiber head can be embedded in ceramic insertion core, metal lock pin or other lock pins, or one section optical fiber cap of welding.
Described laser is a kind of laser with tail optical fiber output, can be fiber laser, semiconductor laser or other lasers.
Described control algolithm is controlled with the coupling light energy as Performance Evaluating Indexes, can adopt random paralleling gradient descent algorithm (C.Geng, X.Li, X.Zhang, and C.Rao, " Coherent beam combination of an optical array using adaptive fiber optics collimators; " Optics Communications284,5531-5536 (2011)), climbing method (Jiang Wenhan etc., " climbing adaptive optics wavefront correction system; " blind system optimizing control or other system optimizing control such as Chinese laser 15,17-21(1986)).
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
(1) the present invention has realized the bidirectional transmit-receive of laser beam, and has realized coupled light beam is arrived the synchronous self-adapting correction of angular error and collimated light beam emission angle error, improves laser coupled efficient and the Laser emission precision of system.
(2) the present invention has adopted the beam angle errors aligning gear based on the location for optical fiber surface device, directly drives fiber end face, and control precision is high, and motional inertia is little, and mechanical resonant frequency is high, and compact conformation is conducive to array integrated.
(3) used based on the resonance characteristic of boss and damping material in the location for optical fiber surface device of the present invention and improved mechanism, improved the resonance frequency of device and the control bandwidth of system.
When (4) the present invention is based on three fiber port circulators, can realize the bidirectional transmit-receive of co-wavelength laser beam; If substitute three fiber port circulators with optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer, then can realize the bidirectional transmit-receive of multiple different wave length laser beam.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of adaptive optic fiber coupling of the present invention or collimater control system;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of location for optical fiber surface device.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, be the structure chart of adaptive optic fiber coupling of the present invention or collimater control system, comprise coupling or collimating lens 1, branch sleeve 2, location for optical fiber surface device 3, the first optical fiber 41, three fiber port circulators 5, the second optical fiber 42, the 3rd optical fiber 43, laser 6, photodetector 7, algorithm control platform 8 and high-voltage amplifier 9.Wherein, the location for optical fiber surface device comprises again flexible rood beam 31, double piezoelectric crystal chip driver 32, damping material 33, boss 34 and holder 35, one end of two pairs of double piezoelectric crystal chip drivers 32 be connected to holder 35 around, the other end is connected with flexible rood beam 31, the center of flexible rood beam 31 is provided with centre bore, and the first optical fiber 41 is fixed in the centre bore of flexible rood beam 31 after passing successively holder 35, boss 34.
Such as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, coupling or collimating lens 1 are embedded in an end of branch sleeve 2, location for optical fiber surface device 3 is fixed in the other end of branch sleeve 2, the fiber end face at flexible rood beam 31 places places the back focus position of coupling or collimating lens 1, location for optical fiber surface device 3 is through the first optical fiber 41 and three fiber port circulator 5A ports, namely be that the transmitted in both directions port connects, three fiber port circulator 5B ports, namely be that unidirectional input port is connected with laser 6 through the second optical fiber 42, three fiber port circulator 5C ports namely are that the shoot laser of unidirectional output port is emitted to photodetector 7.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.The laser that laser 6 sends transfers to the fiber end face at flexible rood beam 31 places and from the fiber end face outgoing, collimates output behind coupling or collimating lens 1 through three fiber port circulator 5.Arrive the laser beam of adaptive optic fiber coupling or collimater after coupling or collimating lens 1 focusing, converge on the fibre core of flexible rood beam 31 place's fiber end faces and be coupled in the first optical fiber 41, behind three fiber port circulators 5, receive from 43 outgoing of the 3rd optical fiber and by photodetector 7, the optical intensity voltage signal real-time Transmission that photodetector 7 obtains is to controlling platform 8, control platform 8 with the coupling light energy as Performance Evaluating Indexes, utilize algorithm to produce control signal after high-voltage amplifier 9 amplifies, drive double piezoelectric crystal chip driver 32, change the position of flexible rood beam 31 place's fiber end faces on coupling or collimating lens 1 back focal plane, initiatively follow the tracks of the convergent beam focus, proofreaied and correct adaptively because of atmospheric turbulance, mechanical shock, the light beam that the factors such as heat distortion cause arrives angular error, according to the reversibility pricinple of light path, realized that also the emission angle of outgoing collimated light beam is corrected simultaneously.
Embodiment
Press Fig. 1, Fig. 2 structural design a kind of adaptive optic fiber coupling or collimater control system of laser beam bidirectional transmit-receive.Based on mould field matching theory, optical coupling efficiency o'clock is obtained maximum 81.45%(P.Winzer in Coupling parameter β=1.13, and W.Leeb, " Fiber coupling efficiency for random light and its applications to ladar; " Optics Letters23,986-988 (1998)).Wherein, coupling parameter is directly proportional with clear aperture, the optical fiber mode fields radius of coupling or collimating lens 1, is inversely proportional to focal length, the optical maser wavelength of coupling or collimating lens.Accordingly, in the embodiment of the invention, the first optical fiber 41, the second optical fiber 42 and the 3rd optical fiber 43 adopt single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, and the optical fiber mode fields radius is 5 μ m, and the wavelength of transmission laser is 1064nm; The clear aperture of coupling or collimating lens 1 is that 18mm, focal length are 120mm.At this moment, corresponding Coupling parameter β is 1.13.
The material of branch sleeve 2, location for optical fiber surface device holder 35, boss 34 is LY12 duralumin, flexible rood beam 31 is selected titanium alloy material, the version of boss 34 is stairstepping, damping material 33 is selected silicon rubber, three fiber port circulators 5 are developed by the vast space Fibre Optical Communication Technology in Shanghai company, model: PMCIR-06-1-2-C-0.5, laser 6 are 1064nm narrow linewidth single-mode polarization maintaining fiber laser.Location for optical fiber surface device 3 tail end optical fiber and three fiber port circulator 5A ports, namely be that the transmitted in both directions port connects, laser 6 tail optical fibers and three fiber port circulator 5B ports, namely be that unidirectional input port connects, three fiber port circulator 5C ports namely are that the shoot laser of unidirectional output port is emitted to photodetector 7.Control algolithm in the control platform 8 adopts random paralleling gradient descent algorithm, referring to C.Geng, X.Li, X.Zhang, and C.Rao, " Coherent beam combination of an optical array using adaptive fiber optics collimators, " Optics Communications284,5531-5536 (2011); Or the blind system optimizing control such as climbing method (Jiang Wenhan etc., " climbing adaptive optics wavefront correction system, " Chinese laser 15,17-21(1986)).
So far, the present invention has finished a kind of adaptive optic fiber coupling of laser beam bidirectional transmit-receive or the detailed description of collimater control system.
The present invention can proofread and correct adaptively the light beam that causes because of factors such as atmospheric turbulance, mechanical shock, heat distortion and arrive angular error, simultaneously according to the reversibility pricinple of light path, has realized that also the emission angle of outgoing collimated light beam is corrected.The present invention has important application prospect in the laser space application based on optical fiber such as free space laser communication, laser accurate location, laser radar etc.
The content that is not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belongs to those skilled in the art's known technology.