CN103306929A - Hydraulic rotating machine and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Hydraulic rotating machine and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103306929A CN103306929A CN2013100626858A CN201310062685A CN103306929A CN 103306929 A CN103306929 A CN 103306929A CN 2013100626858 A CN2013100626858 A CN 2013100626858A CN 201310062685 A CN201310062685 A CN 201310062685A CN 103306929 A CN103306929 A CN 103306929A
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Abstract
The invention provides a hydraulic rotating machine capable of improving the wearing performance and the lubricity of the sliding surface of the cylinder and the piston and a manufacturing method thereof. The hydraulic rotating machine(1) comprises a housing (2), a rotating shaft (3), a cylinder body (4), a piston (5), a slipper shoe (6), an inclined plate (7), and a valve plate (8). A cylinder hole (15) passes through the cylinder body (4), and a nitrogen diffusion layer (30) and a nitrogen compound layer (31), which are disposed in the cylinder hole (15) in the cylinder body (4), and are respectively the surface side of the sliding surface of the piston (5). The nitrogen diffusion layer (30) is disposed on a parent metal (34) side made of iron materials of the cylinder body (4), and the nitrogen compound layer (31) is disposed on the nitrogen diffusion layer (30). The parts of the surface sides of the nitrogen compound layer (31) and the nitrogen diffusion layer (30) can be removed to form the nitrogen diffusion layer (30), which can be exposed by removing the nitrogen compound layer (31), and the concave nitrogen compound layer (32), which is provided with the nitrogen compound layer in the concave part, can be provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic rotating machinery and the manufacture method thereof of oil hydraulic pump and oil hydraulic motor etc., more particularly, relate to cylinder hole (cylinderbore, cylinder thorax) in a kind of cylinder body with consisting of hydraulic rotating machinery and relevant hydraulic rotating machinery and the manufacture method thereof of sliding parts of piston.
Background technique
Hydraulic driving machine take oil hydraulic pump and oil hydraulic motor as representative is made of a lot of slide members.The impact of the destabilization of the sliding contact state that their slip surface causes according to the fracture of the lubricant film that causes because of high slip surface pressure, because of the change of control hydraulic pressure etc., and have the risk that slip surface produces sintering and a part of inordinate wear etc. each other.Therefore, the slide member that consists of slide part is nearly all made by ferrous materials.
Especially, slip surface as cylinder representative component parts, cylinder body the hole of the hydraulic driving machines such as oil hydraulic pump, oil hydraulic motor, because of based on the slip of carrying out as the not comprehensive engagement of the piston of slip object, so wearing and tearing and sintering phenomenon especially easily occur, wish that strongly this situation can improve.
In patent documentation 1, in order to prevent that the not comprehensive engagement because of piston produces wearing and tearing at high surface pressure sliding contact position on the slip surface in cylinder hole, implement nitriding heat treatment with respect to the cylinder hole as cylinder body and slip surface thereof that the roughing by cutting forms, to improve its slip surface hardness, and in order to realize and the chimeric precision of the μ m level of piston element, in precision grinding process, will remove and fine finishing by the nitrogen compound layer that nitriding heat treatment forms.
In addition, known have the slip surface in the cylinder hole that sliding slug type Cuprum alloy sleeve pipe is set, avoid the bonding method (such as with reference to patent documentation 2) of two slip surfaces that cause because of sintering and form the concave shape of groove or indenture etc. and it is played a role as oil groove by cutting and laser beam machining, prevent thus the method (such as with reference to patent documentation 3) of oil film breakage etc.
Technical paper formerly
Patent documentation 1: Japanese kokai publication hei 6-159230 communique
Patent documentation 2: Japanese kokai publication hei 10-196552 communique
Patent documentation 3: TOHKEMY 2010-196612 communique
But, in patent documentation 1, has following problem: because the slip surface in cylinder hole is level and smooth face, so on the high surface pressure point of contact of itself and piston, lubricant film can be truncated between cylinder hole and piston, therefore, can produce based on the cylinder hole and contact with the piston solid and the wearing and tearing and the sintering phenomenon that occur.
In addition, in patent documentation 2, has following problem: because need to be to strictly managing for the Cuprum alloy composition of sintered copper alloy and the chilling temperature management of sintering circuit, so, except manufacturing process's complicated, because the Cu alloy material price is high, so can cause cost to increase substantially.
In addition; have following problem in the patent documentation 3: process in order to carry out concave shape with respect to the shape as the cylinder hole of cylinder body, the machining locus meeting complicated of looking for position and machining tool of workpiece, therefore; the multiaxis process equipment that needs high price, and process time can be elongated.And, at concave shape because of slip in the worn out situation, with the situation of level and smooth grinding face in the same manner, the sintering that causes owing to oil film breakage can occur.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of wear resistance and further hydraulic rotating machinery and manufacture method thereof that improves of lubricity that can make the slip surface of cylinder hole and piston is provided.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, the first invention provides a kind of hydraulic rotating machinery, comprising: the housing of tubular; Can be arranged on rotatably the running shaft in the housing; Cylinder body is arranged in the described housing in the mode with this running shaft one rotation, and is equipped with a plurality of cylinders hole of axially extending in the mode of separating in a circumferential direction; Can reciprocating mode to insert a plurality of pistons in each the cylinder hole that is embedded in cylinder body; And valve plate, between described cylinder body and described housing and be arranged in the described housing, and be formed with the row's of the confession mouth that is communicated with described each cylinder hole, described hydraulic rotating machinery is characterised in that, at least a portion surface of any one party of the slip surface that slides at described cylinder hole and described piston has: nitrogen diffusion layer, described nitrogen diffusion layer is formed at least one party's of described cylinder hole and described piston mother metal side, and the part of its surface side is removed and exposes in described slip surface side; And nitrogen compound layer, described nitrogen compound layer is formed on this nitrogen diffusion layer, and has concave shape in surface side.
According to this first invention, compare with simple situation at the small concave shape of nitrogen diffusion layer formation, even under high surface pressure slip environment, the existence of the nitrogen compound layer by the hard in the concave portion that remains in concave shape, also can make the concave shape section of performance oil groove effect not easy to wear, can prevent for more time oil film breakage.Therefore, compare with hydraulic rotating machinery in the past, can suppress lubricant film and be truncated at the slip surface of cylinder hole and piston, can seek the further raising of wear resistance and greasy property, and can realize the long lifetime of hydraulic rotating machinery.
In addition, in order to reach above-mentioned purpose, the second invention provides a kind of manufacture method of hydraulic rotating machinery, and described hydraulic rotating machinery comprises: the housing of tubular; Can be arranged on rotatably the running shaft in the housing; Cylinder body is arranged in the described housing in the mode with this running shaft one rotation, and is equipped with a plurality of cylinders hole of axially extending in the mode of separating in a circumferential direction; Can reciprocating mode to insert a plurality of pistons in each the cylinder hole that is embedded in cylinder body; And valve plate, between described cylinder body and described housing and be arranged in the described housing, and be formed with the row's of the confession mouth that is communicated with described each cylinder hole, described manufacture method is characterised in that, have: at least a portion surface of the mother metal of at least any one party of described cylinder hole and described piston, form the operation of concave shape by compression plasticity processing; Process by implementing nitrided surface, form the operation of nitrogen compound layer on the surface that is formed with described concave shape; With the operation of removing by cutting or grinding and with the part of described nitrogen compound layer, the degree of depth of the described concave shape that forms in described compression plasticity manufacturing procedure is become, compare the thicker degree of depth with the thickness of processing the nitrogen compound layer that forms by described nitrided surface, the degree of depth of removing of described nitrogen compound layer is become, be no more than the thickness of the described concave shape degree of depth.
According to this second invention, have nitrogen compound layer by the concave shape that makes performance oil groove effect, and can form not easy to wear and can prevent for more time the slip surface structure of oil film breakage, and can seek the raising of wear resistance and greasy property.In addition, owing to the method that can be used in the formation concave shape is compression plasticity processing, so compare with the situation of cutting and laser beam machining, the unusual projection such as burr and splash is reduced on the surface after processing, can also form concave shape with the short time by simple processing device and instrument.Further, because it is the thickness that nitrided surface is processed the nitrogen compound layer that forms that the degree of depth of the concave shape that forms in the compression plasticity manufacturing procedure surpasses by rear operation, and the nitrogen compound layer that forms by cutting or grinding remove the thickness that the degree of depth surpasses nitrogen compound layer, and be no more than the concave shape degree of depth, so, can realize the chimeric precision of cylinder hole internal diameter and piston profile, and can form the oil groove shape with high wear resistance, can also further improve greasy property.
In addition, the 3rd invention is in the second invention, as described compression plasticity processing, makes hard particles with shot blast or the shot peening of high speed to described surface bump.
According to the 3rd invention, can use than the simpler equipment of concave shape formation operation that is undertaken by cutting and laser beam machining and process with the short time.
In addition, the 4th invention is in the second invention, and as described compression plasticity processing, the mould that rolls that use will have convex form is pressed into the described lip-deep compressing that rolls.
According to the 4th invention, as based on the high-speed impact of hard particles and the processing of carrying out, it is residual and embed residual situation that electrostatic adherence can not occur on the slip surface that hard particles is the cylinder hole at machined surface, when the nitrided surface of operation is processed after enforcement, also can make the sclerosis of surface uniform ground.
In addition, the 5th invention is that the employed described mould that rolls has in the 4th invention, has anisotropic convex form with respect to the vibration-direction of described piston.
According to the 5th invention, have anisotropic concave shape by formation, can in concave shape, produce ordinatedly flowing of oil with the moving direction with piston, can carry out the smoothly to-and-fro motion of piston simultaneously.
The invention effect
According to hydraulic rotating of the present invention machinery, compared with the past, wear resistance and the lubricity of the slip surface of cylinder hole in the hydraulic rotating machinery and piston are further improved, therefore, can seek the long lifetime of hydraulic rotating machinery.
In addition, compared with the past according to the manufacture method of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, wear resistance and the lubricity of the slip surface of cylinder hole in the hydraulic rotating machinery and piston are further improved, therefore, can make the hydraulic rotating machinery of seeking long lifetime.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal section of the first mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention.
Fig. 2 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the first mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention shown in Figure 1, Fig. 2 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 2 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 2 (a).
Fig. 3 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the first mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 3 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 3 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 3 (a).
Fig. 4 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the first mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 4 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 4 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 4 (a).
Fig. 5 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the second mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 5 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 5 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 5 (a).
Fig. 6 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the second mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 6 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 6 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 6 (a).
Fig. 7 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the second mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, Fig. 7 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, Fig. 7 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 7 (a), and Fig. 7 (c) is the sectional view of the B section of Watch with magnifier diagram 7 (a).
Fig. 8 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the second mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 8 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 8 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 8 (a).
Fig. 9 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the 3rd mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 9 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 9 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 9 (a).
Figure 10 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the 3rd mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, Figure 10 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, Figure 10 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 10 (a), and Figure 10 (c) is the sectional view of the B section of Watch with magnifier diagram 10 (a).
Description of reference numerals
1 hydraulic rotating machinery
2 housings
3 running shafts
4,44a, 44b, 44c, 54a, 54b cylinder body
5,57 pistons
6 sliding shoes (slipper shoe)
7 swash plates
8 valve plates
9 housing body
10 front cases
11 rear cases
12A, 12B are for row's path
13,14 bearings
15,45a, 45b, 45c, 55a, 55b cylinder hole
16 hydraulic cylinder ports
17 sliding shoes pressing members
18 flat runners
18A axle inserting hole
The 18B slip surface
19 swash plate supporting masses
20 slip surfaces that vert
21 swash plate main bodys
22A, 22B are for row's mouth
23,24 actuators that vert
30,40,50 nitrogen diffusion layers
31,41,51 nitrogen compound layers
32, the nitrogen compound layer of 42,52 concave shapes
33,43a, 43b
1, 43b
2, the small concave shape of 43c
34,46,56a, 56b mother metal
60 nozzles
61 jetburners
62 hard particles
63,64 roll mould.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to the accompanying drawings the mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention and manufacture method thereof described.
The＜the first mode of execution 〉
According to Fig. 1～Fig. 4, the first mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention and manufacture method thereof is described.In addition, in Fig. 1～Fig. 4, enumerated the situation that is applicable to the variable displacement swash plate type axial piston pump as hydraulic rotating machinery and described.
Among Fig. 1, roughly consisted of by housing 2, running shaft 3, cylinder body 4, each piston 5, sliding shoes 6, swash plate 7 and valve plate 8 etc. as the variable displacement swash plate type axial piston pump 1 of hydraulic rotating machinery.
As shown in Figure 1, housing 2 is made of the housing body 9 of tubular, front case 10 and the rear case 11 that the both end sides of housing body 9 is sealed respectively.And, be provided with a pair of for row's path 12A, 12B at rear case 11.These are connected for the suction side of row path 12A, 12B and working solution force feed and the pipe arrangement of being connected side (being diagram) etc.
Running shaft 3 is being bearing on front case 10 and the rear case 11 via bearing 13,14 in the mode of housing 2 interior rotations.And a square end 3A (right side of Fig. 1) of running shaft 3 is axially outstanding from front case 10, and links such as the prime mover (not shown) with diesel engine etc.
On cylinder body 4, be equipped with a plurality of cylinders hole 15 in the mode of devices spaced apart on the equidirectional of cylinder body 4 along the axial direction of cylinder body 4.Each cylinder hole 15 is at another distolateral hydraulic cylinder port 16 that is formed with.These hydraulic cylinder ports 16 are intermittently being communicated with, interdicting for row's path 12A, 12B with respect to rear case 11 via valve plate 8 described later.
On each piston 5,15 outstanding outstanding distolaterally be provided with sliding shoes 6 described later in the mode that can swing respectively from the cylinder hole.Sliding shoes 6 supports in the mode with the slip surface 18B sliding contact of swash plate 7 described later (flat runner 18) by sliding shoes pressing member 17.
Sliding shoes 6 is located at the outstanding distolateral of each piston 5 in the mode that can swing.Sliding shoes 6 is with respect to the flat runner 18 of swash plate 7 described later and remain on by under the state that is urged via sliding shoes pressing member 17 grades from the pushing force (pressure) of piston 5.Each sliding shoes 6 under this state by with running shaft 3, cylinder body 4 and piston 5 rotations, and with mode slide displacement on flat runner 18 described later of the circular orbit of drawing out ring-type.
Swash plate supporting mass 19 is arranged on the front case 10 of housing 2, and as shown in Figure 1, swash plate supporting mass 19 is with respect to around the running shaft 3 and be configured in the back side of swash plate 7, and is fixed on the front case 10 of housing 2.And, on swash plate supporting mass 19, a pair of slip surface 20 that verts that (or up and down) separates about running shaft 3 is provided with.In order to support swash plate 7, the slip surface 20 that verts forms as recessed forniciform arc surface with verting.
Swash plate 7 is arranged in the housing 2 in the mode that can vert, swash plate 7 by swash plate main body 21 and be fixedly installed on swash plate main body 21 surface side flat runner 18 and consist of.In addition, at the central part of swash plate 7 (swash plate main body 21, flat runner 18), be equipped with the axle inserting hole 18A that interts with the compartment of terrain for running shaft 3.And swash plate main body 21 is so that the mode that its inside (back side) side can be verted via the slip surface 20 that verts of swash plate supporting mass 19 is installed in front case 10 sides.
In addition, the flat runner 18 of swash plate 7 has the slip surface 18B that makes the ring-type that the face relative with cylinder body 4 tilt sideling, the sliding contact on this slip surface 18B of each sliding shoes 6.That is, sliding shoes 6 is drawn out the mode slide displacement of circular orbit with the slip surface 18B at swash plate 7 (flat runner 18), and thus, piston 5 is 15 interior to-and-fro motion in the cylinder hole.
Valve plate 8 is positioned at housing 2, and is located between rear case 11 and the cylinder body 4.The end face sliding contact of valve plate 8 and cylinder body 4, and supporting cylinder body 4 with the mode of running shaft 3 rotations.In addition, on valve plate 8, be formed with a pair of row of confession mouthful 22A, the 22B that are circular-arc.These are communicated with the row of confession path 12A, the 12B of rear case 11 for row mouthful 22A, 22B.
And, when the rotation of cylinder body 4, being communicated with off and on the hydraulic cylinder port 16 in each cylinder hole 15 for row's mouth of valve plate 8, have for example make from a side be drawn into fluid (working solution force feed) in each cylinder hole 15 by piston 5 pressurizations for row path 12A, and make the hydraulic oil that in each cylinder hole 15, becomes high pressure conditions from the opposing party's the function of discharging for row's path 12B.
The actuator 23,24 that verts is provided with a pair of in the mode that drives that swash plate 7 is verted with respect to housing body 9. Driver 23,24 has the control of verting to press by supplying with from the outside or discharging, and controls the tilt angle of swash plate 7 according to this changeable pressure ground.And, increase and decrease accordingly in the length of stroke of the piston 5 of cylinder hole 15 interior slide displacements and the tilt angle of this swash plate 7.
Then, in Fig. 2, the cylinder hole 15 of the cylinder body 4 of the first mode of execution of the consisting of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention structure with the slip surface of piston 5 is described.
Fig. 2 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the first mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention shown in Figure 1, Fig. 2 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 2 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 2 (a).
Such as Fig. 2 (a), (b) shown in, at first in the cylinder hole 15 on the cylinder body 4 of the hydraulic rotating machinery 1 of the first mode of execution that is arranged in hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, become on the surface side with the slip surface of piston 5 and form nitrogen diffusion layer 30 and nitrogen compound layer 31, this nitrogen diffusion layer 30 is formed on mother metal 34 sides that are made of ferrous materials of cylinder body 4 shown in the double dot dash line of Fig. 2 (b), this nitrogen compound layer 31 is formed on shown in the double dot dash line of Fig. 2 (b) on this nitrogen diffusion layer 30, then, the part of the surface side of nitrogen diffusion layer 30 and nitrogen compound layer 31 is removed, form that nitrogen compound layer 31 is removed and the nitrogen diffusion layer 30 that exposes, with at the inner residual nitrogen compound layer 32 that the concave shape of nitrogen compound layer is arranged of concave surface.
At this, nitrogen compound layer 31 of the present invention refers to, the ferrous materials as mother metal carried out nitrided surface when processing, and is formed on layer on its uppermost surface, that be made of the nitrogen compound of high hardness.In addition, nitrogen diffusion layer 30 of the present invention refers to, ferrous materials as mother metal is being carried out nitrided surface when processing, form under the nitrogen compound layer on being formed at its uppermost surface, make nitrogen by diffusion invade forms in the ferrous materials layer.
Then, according to Fig. 1～Fig. 4, the manufacture method of the first mode of execution of the hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention that consists of is as mentioned above described.
Fig. 3 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the first mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 3 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 3 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 3 (a).Fig. 4 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the first mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 4 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 4 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 4 (a).
At first, to cutting as raw-material ferrous materials, form the profile of cylinder body by cutting, then, the assigned position of formed cylinder body is given a farfetched interpretation, and form cylinder hole 15.
Then, shot peening (shot peening) is carried out on the surface in formed cylinder hole 15, formed from the teeth outwards small concave shape 33.
Specifically, shown in Fig. 3 (a), the nozzle 60 that rotates freely is inserted in the cylinder hole 15, make this nozzle 60 rotations on one side, and repeatedly move up and down to the top dead center side from the lower dead center side in cylinder hole 15, by pressurized air stream hard particles 62 is ejected from jetburner 61 on one side, and make on its surface that strikes cylinder hole 15.Thus, at the small concave shape 33 (compression plasticity manufacturing procedure) of the surface in cylinder hole 15 formation shown in Fig. 3 (b).
Then, after shot peening, place nitrogenous environment (such as ammonia etc.) lower and heat (nitriding heat treatment) cylinder body 4.Thus, shown in Fig. 4 (a), (b), form nitrogen diffusion layer 30 and the hardness in the zone, top layer of mother metal 34 is risen on the surface in the cylinder hole 15 that is formed with small concave shape 33, form from the teeth outwards the nitrogen compound layer 31 (nitrogen compound layer formation operation) of hard simultaneously.The heat treated condition of this nitriding adopts general condition to get final product.
Then, by grinding nitrogen compound layer 31 processing is removed, satisfy and chimeric tolerance as the piston 5 of slip object so that be formed with the internal diameter in the cylinder hole 15 of nitrogen compound layer 31.At this moment, shown in Fig. 2 (a), (b), becoming on the surface with the slip surface of piston 5 in the cylinder hole 15 after grinding, nitrogen diffusion layer 30 under nitrogen compound layer 31 exposes, and carries out grinding (nitrogen compound layer is removed operation) under the condition that the nitrogen compound layer 32 of concave shape is existed.
Thus, select the condition of compression plasticity processing, so that the degree of depth of the recess of the small concave shape 33 that obtains by aforesaid compression plasticity processing, compare deeply with the thickness of the nitrogen compound layer 31 that forms by the nitriding heat treatment as rear operation.
And, select grinding condition, so that the thickness that the degree of depth surpasses nitrogen compound layer 31 is removed in the grinding of the nitrogen compound layer 31 that obtains by grinding, and be no more than the recess depths of the nitrogen compound layer 32 of concave shape.
Action to the first mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention describes.
At first, when passing through not shown motor prime movers rotary actuation running shaft 3, cylinder body 4 rotates with running shaft 3 one in housing 2.Thus, separately piston 5 moves back and forth in each cylinder hole 15 of cylinder body 4 repeatedly along the slip surface 18B of swash plate 7 (flat runner 18).
Thus, in cylinder body 4 rotations process once, each piston 5 carries out in cylinder hole 15 from top dead center repeatedly towards the suction stroke of lower dead center slide displacement with from the discharge stroke of lower dead center towards the top dead center slide displacement.And in the suction stroke of piston 5, for example from for row's path 12A the working solution force feed being sucked in the cylinder hole 15, in the discharge stroke of piston 5, piston 5 makes the fluid in the cylinder hole 15 discharge from the row's of confession path 12B side as the hydraulic oil of high pressure.
In the above-mentioned action, except with the connecting arrangement of swash plate 7, piston 5 also carries out not comprehensive engagement and slides the end in cylinder hole 15 and inboard these 2.But, be removed the nitrogen diffusion layer 30 that exposes and the nitrogen compound layer 32 of concave shape owing to having the nitrogen compound layer 31 that forms on the surface in cylinder hole 15, so the oil that keeps by the nitrogen compound layer 32 by this concave shape suppresses oil film breakage, and suppress wearing and tearing and sintering.In addition, the nitrogen compound layer 32 of concave shape is high hardness, therefore, has very and resistance to wears, and slip surface is existed for a long time, even and long-time use also very durable advantage.Further, there is the nitrogen diffusion layer 30 of high hardness on the surface of slip surface, can fully guarantees its wear resistance, consequently, can seek the long lifetime of hydraulic rotating machinery.
In addition, can form operation, nitrided surface treating process and nitrogen compound layer by concave shape and remove operation manufacturing, need not to use the Cuprum alloy of high price, also need not the multiaxis process equipment of high price, can cheap and easily make.
In addition, for the processing that is used to form small concave shape, what use is shot peening, therefore, compare with the situation that forms small concave shape by cutting and laser beam machining, the unusual projection of burr and splash etc. is reduced on surface that can be after processing, can also pass through simple processing device and instrument, with the slip surface formation small concave shape of short time in cylinder hole 15.
In addition, in the first mode of execution of the hydraulic rotating machinery of the invention described above, the nitrogen compound layer 32 of concave shape and also can not be formed on the whole surface in cylinder hole 15 by the nitrogen diffusion layer 30 that nitrogen compound layer 31 is removed expose is as long as it is upper to be formed at least the part surface that becomes with the slip surface of piston 5.This part surface is preferably, along with rotation, the piston 5 of cylinder body 4 is subject to partial load in 15 inside, cylinder hole and carries out end and inboard this 2 points and its periphery in the cylinder hole 15 of not comprehensive engagement.
In addition, the compression plasticity manufacturing procedure also can replace shot peening and carry out shot blast (shot blast), as long as the surface in cylinder hole 15 that can be after this manufacturing procedure forms small concave shape.
In addition, the nitrogen compound layer that is used to form nitrogen compound layer 31 forms processing in the operation and is not limited to the heat treatment that contains under the nitrogen environment as described above, such as using salt-bath nitriding and the known nitriding treatment (nitrided surface processing) such as plasma nitrided.
In addition, nitrogen compound layer is removed operation except grinding, can also use cutting.
The＜the second mode of execution 〉
According to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the second mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention and manufacture method thereof is described.In addition, in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, enumerated the situation that is applicable to the variable displacement swash plate type axial piston pump as hydraulic rotating machinery and described.
In the hydraulic rotating machinery in the second mode of execution, the structure in the 45a of cylinder hole and slip surface structure piston and the hydraulic rotating machinery of the first mode of execution are roughly the same, and omission specifies.
Fig. 5 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the second mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 5 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 5 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 5 (a).
Such as Fig. 5 (a), (b) shown in, at first among the cylinder hole 45a on the cylinder body 44a of the hydraulic rotating machinery of the second mode of execution that is arranged in hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, become on the surface with the slip surface of piston and form nitrogen diffusion layer 40 and nitrogen compound layer 41, this nitrogen diffusion layer 40 is formed on mother metal 46 sides that are made of ferrous materials of cylinder body 44a shown in the double dot dash line of Fig. 5 (b), this nitrogen compound layer 41 is formed on shown in the double dot dash line of Fig. 5 (b) on this nitrogen diffusion layer 40, then, the part of the surface side of nitrogen diffusion layer 40 and nitrogen compound layer 41 is removed, form that nitrogen compound layer 41 is removed and the nitrogen diffusion layer 40 that exposes, with at the inner residual nitrogen compound layer 42 that the concave shape of nitrogen compound layer is arranged of concave surface.
Fig. 6 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the second mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 6 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 6 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 6 (a).
The manufacture method of the hydraulic rotating machinery of present embodiment is characterised in that, will form the compression plasticity manufacturing procedure of small concave shape at the slip surface of cylinder hole 45a and piston as annular knurl (knurling) processing (embossing (roulette) processing).About other operations, since identical with the first mode of execution of the manufacture method of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, specify so omit.
When being carried out annular knurl, the surface that is formed on the cylinder hole 45a among the cylinder body 44a adds man-hour, shown in Fig. 6 (a), to roll mould 63 is inserted in the 45a of cylinder hole, this rolls the convex form that mould 63 disposes the taper identical with the small concave shape that should form, will insert roll mould 63 by the lip-deep state that is pressed in cylinder hole 45a under, cylinder body 44a is rotated at the central shaft of processing object cylinder hole 45a.Thus, shown in Fig. 6 (b), form small concave shape 43a on the surface of cylinder hole 45a.
Then, form nitrogen compound layer 41 by nitriding heat treatment, then, the cylinder hole after the grinding 45a with slip surface piston on, so that the nitrogen diffusion layer 40 under the nitrogen compound layer 41 exposes, and the degree of depth that the nitrogen compound layer 42 that makes concave shape exists is carried out the operation of removing of nitrogen compound layer to the internal diameter of the cylinder hole 45a that is formed with nitrogen compound layer 41.
In the hydraulic rotating machinery and manufacture method thereof of the second mode of execution, the effect of acquisition is also roughly the same with the situation of the hydraulic rotating machinery of the first mode of execution and manufacture method thereof.Further, in the manufacture method of the hydraulic rotating machinery of present embodiment, for the cylinder hole compression plasticity processing method of carrying out with slidingsurface piston 45a be, to disposing the annular knurl that mould 63 is pressed that rolls of the convex form identical with the small concave shape of wanting to form, therefore, with respect to the situation based on the such shot peening of the first mode of execution, has following advantage, namely, it is residual and embed the unfavorable conditions such as residual that electrostatic adherence can not occur on the slip surface that hard particles is the cylinder hole at machined surface, even and when the nitrided surface of operation is processed after enforcement, also can obtain the case-hardened effect of homogeneous.
In addition, the position of small concave shape 43a can be freely selected to form, according to only forming the behaviours in service such as small concave shape 43a in the position frequently in not comprehensive engagement, suitable selection can be carried out, and can be corresponding with the hydraulic rotating machinery of all size.
In addition, can freely select the impression shape by selecting to roll the shape of mould.
In addition, in the present embodiment, breakdown rolling processing also can not carried out annular knurl (embossing processing) and polish (burnishing) (rolling processing).
In addition, when the annular knurl of the compression plasticity manufacturing procedure in the cylinder hole of carrying out cylinder body adds man-hour, also can be only in the sliding scale at cylinder body and 2 high surface pressure sliding contact position not comprehensive engagement of piston, optionally form small concave shape.Below, according to Fig. 7 this mode is described.
Fig. 7 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the second mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, Fig. 7 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, Fig. 7 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 7 (a), and Fig. 7 (c) is the sectional view of the B section of Watch with magnifier diagram 7 (a).
In Fig. 7 (a), on among the cylinder hole 45b on being arranged in cylinder body 44b and slip surface piston, with the Sliding velocity of separately sliding area, slidingsurface pressure, lubricating status ordinatedly, shown in Fig. 7 (b), the small concave shape 43b of the top dead center side of cylinder hole 45b
1Make the concave shape degree of depth darker, shown in Fig. 7 (c), make the small concave shape 43b of the lower dead center side of cylinder hole 45b
2The degree of depth and small concave shape 43b
1Comparing becomes more shallow shape.
This optionally small concave shape 43b
1, 43b
2For example be to add man-hour at annular knurl, form small concave shape 43b by changing
1The time pressing force and form small concave shape 43b
2The time pressing force, perhaps use the different mould that rolls of convex form to form.
More than two places, optionally form so small concave shape 43b
1, 43b
2Then carry out processing nitrogen compound layer formation operation and the nitrogen compound layer realized by nitrided surface and remove operation, at first the surface that becomes with the slip surface of piston among the cylinder hole 45b on being arranged in cylinder body 44b forms nitrogen diffusion layer and nitrogen compound layer, this nitrogen diffusion layer is formed on mother metal 46 sides that are made of ferrous materials of cylinder body 44b, this nitrogen compound layer is formed on this nitrogen diffusion layer, then, the part of the surface side of nitrogen diffusion layer and nitrogen compound layer is removed, form that nitrogen compound layer is removed and the nitrogen diffusion layer that exposes, with at the inner residual nitrogen compound layer that the concave shape of nitrogen compound layer is arranged of concave surface, thus, can make the hydraulic rotating machinery of the slip surface with following cylinder hole and piston, this slip surface has the higher lubrication effect corresponding with the use state.
Further, as shown in Figure 8, also can use and have anisotropic convex form rolling mould 64, and make the nitrogen compound layer of the concave shape with nitrogen compound layer have anisotropy.Below, according to Fig. 8 this mode is described.
Fig. 8 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the second mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 8 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 8 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 8 (a).
Shown in Fig. 8 (a), when being carried out annular knurl, the surface of formed cylinder hole 45c adds man-hour, its height is uprised in the scope of lower dead center side from the top dead center side of cylinder hole 45c, to roll mould 64 is inserted in the 45c of cylinder hole, this rolls the convex form that mould 64 disposes the triangular pyramidal identical with the small concave shape that should form, will insert roll mould 64 by the lip-deep state that is pressed in cylinder hole 45c under, cylinder body 44c is rotated at the central shaft of processing object cylinder hole 45c.Thus, shown in Fig. 8 (b), form small concave shape 43c on the surface of cylinder hole 45c.
Use the above-mentioned mould 64 that rolls to form small concave shape 43c, then carry out processing nitrogen compound layer formation operation and the nitrogen compound layer realized by nitrided surface and remove operation, at first the surface that becomes with the slip surface of piston among the cylinder hole 45c on being arranged in cylinder body 44c forms nitrogen diffusion layer and nitrogen compound layer, this nitrogen diffusion layer is formed on mother metal 46 sides that are made of ferrous materials of cylinder body 44c, this nitrogen compound layer is formed on this nitrogen diffusion layer, then, the part of the surface side of nitrogen diffusion layer and nitrogen compound layer is removed, form that nitrogen compound layer is removed and the nitrogen diffusion layer that exposes, with at the inner residual nitrogen compound layer that the concave shape of nitrogen compound layer is arranged of concave surface, thus, can in small concave shape, produce flowing of oil in the mode that cooperates with the moving direction of piston.
For example, shown in Fig. 8 (b), if the shape that makes narrowed width and the degree of depth is shoaled towards the top dead center side of cylinder hole 45c, then can produce from the lower dead center side of cylinder hole 45c flowing towards the oil of top dead center side.Therefore, when producing moment that negative pressure and lubricating film be easy to rupture, being about to oil and introducing, the fracture of flowing to suppress lubricating film of the oil that can pass through to produce can also be supported to the movement of the top dead center side of piston, realizes smoothly to-and-fro motion of piston.Be particularly suited in plate axial piston pump, forming the nitrogen compound layer with this anisotropic concave shape.
The＜the three mode of execution 〉
According to Fig. 9 and Figure 10, the 3rd mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention and manufacture method thereof is described.In addition, in Fig. 9 and Figure 10, enumerated the situation that is applicable to the variable displacement swash plate type axial piston pump as hydraulic rotating machinery and described.
The first mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention and manufacture method thereof and the scheme of the second mode of execution are, the surface side that becomes with the slip surface of piston on the cylinder hole forms nitrogen diffusion layer and nitrogen compound layer, this nitrogen diffusion layer is formed on the mother metal side in cylinder hole, this nitrogen compound layer is formed on this nitrogen diffusion layer, then, the part of the surface side of nitrogen diffusion layer and nitrogen compound layer is removed, form that nitrogen compound layer is removed and the nitrogen diffusion layer that exposes and at the inner residual nitrogen compound layer that the concave shape of nitrogen compound layer is arranged of concave surface.With respect to this, the scheme of the 3rd mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention and manufacture method thereof is, in piston 57 and slip surface cylinder hole 55a, form nitrogen diffusion layer and nitrogen compound layer on two slip surfaces of among in the piston 57 and slip surface cylinder hole 55b and the cylinder hole 55b and slip surface piston 57, this nitrogen diffusion layer is formed on the mother metal side in cylinder hole, this nitrogen compound layer is formed on this nitrogen diffusion layer, then, the part of the surface side of nitrogen diffusion layer and nitrogen compound layer is removed, form that nitrogen compound layer is removed and the nitrogen diffusion layer that exposes, with at the inner residual nitrogen compound layer that the concave shape of nitrogen compound layer is arranged of concave surface.The structure except piston and cylinder hole of the hydraulic rotating machinery of present embodiment and the hydraulic rotating machinery of first and second mode of execution are roughly the same, and omission specifies.
Fig. 9 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the 3rd mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, and Fig. 9 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, and Fig. 9 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 9 (a).
Fig. 9 (a), (b) in, at first in the piston 57 of the 3rd mode of execution that consists of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, become on the surface with the slip surface of cylinder hole 55a and form nitrogen diffusion layer 50 and nitrogen compound layer 51, this nitrogen diffusion layer 50 is formed on the mother metal 56a side that is made of ferrous materials of piston 57 shown in the double dot dash line of Fig. 9 (b), this nitrogen compound layer 51 is formed on shown in the double dot dash line of Fig. 9 (b) on this nitrogen diffusion layer 50, then, the part of the surface side of nitrogen diffusion layer 50 and nitrogen compound layer 51 is removed, form that nitrogen compound layer 51 is removed and the nitrogen diffusion layer 50 that exposes, with at the inner residual nitrogen compound layer 52 that the concave shape of nitrogen compound layer is arranged of concave surface.
Then, according to Fig. 9 the manufacture method of the hydraulic rotating machinery that consists of is as mentioned above described.
At first, to cutting as raw-material ferrous materials, form the profile of piston 57 by cutting.Comprise this cutting and the manufacturing procedure of giving a farfetched interpretation since then before operation and the manufacture method of the hydraulic rotating machinery 1 in the first mode of execution roughly the same.Therefore, omission specifies.
Then, for the surface of formed piston 57, by methods such as shot peening, shot blast, annular knurl processing, form from the teeth outwards small concave shape.
Then, carry out known nitrided surface and process forming piston 57 behind the small concave shape, form nitrogen compound layer 51.
Then, so that be formed with the surface of the piston 57 of nitrogen compound layer 51 satisfy with cylinder body 54a on the slip object be the mode of the chimeric tolerance of cylinder hole 55a, on the piston 57 after the grinding and slip surface cylinder hole 55a, so that the nitrogen diffusion layer 50 under the nitrogen compound layer 51 exposes, and the degree of depth that the nitrogen compound layer 52 that makes concave shape exists is removed nitrogen compound layer 51 processing by grinding.
The manufacture method of the hydraulic rotating machinery in operation afterwards and the first mode of execution is identical, therefore omits to specify.
In the hydraulic rotating machinery and manufacture method thereof of the 3rd mode of execution, the effect of acquisition is also roughly the same with the situation of the hydraulic rotating machinery of the first mode of execution and manufacture method thereof.But, in the hydraulic rotating machinery of present embodiment, because becoming on the surface with the slip surface of cylinder hole 55a in piston 57, be formed with that nitrogen compound layer 51 is removed and the nitrogen diffusion layer 50 that exposes and at the inner residual nitrogen compound layer 52 that the concave shape of nitrogen compound layer is arranged of concave surface, so compare with the situation that is formed on cylinder hole side, can more easily implement, can also further reduce the cost of production of hydraulic rotating machinery.
In addition, the hydraulic rotating machinery of present embodiment is not limited to the nitrogen compound layer that only is formed with concave shape in the surface side of piston 57 shown in Figure 9, as shown in figure 10, also can be formed with simultaneously in the surface side of the surface side of piston 57 and cylinder hole 55b the nitrogen compound layer of concave shape.Below, according to Figure 10 this mode is described.
Figure 10 represents to consist of the manufacturing process of cylinder body of the 3rd mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, Figure 10 (a) is the longitudinal section that represents the part of cylinder body with the cross section, Figure 10 (b) is the sectional view of the A section of Watch with magnifier diagram 10 (a), and Figure 10 (c) is the sectional view of the B section of Watch with magnifier diagram 10 (a).
Among Figure 10 (a), at first in the piston 57 of the hydraulic rotating machinery of the 3rd mode of execution of hydraulic rotating machinery of the present invention, become on the surface with the slip surface of cylinder hole 55a and form nitrogen diffusion layer 50 and nitrogen compound layer 51, this nitrogen diffusion layer 50 is formed on the mother metal 56a side that is made of ferrous materials of piston 57 shown in the double dot dash line of Figure 10 (b), this nitrogen compound layer 51 is formed on shown in the double dot dash line of Figure 10 (b) on this nitrogen diffusion layer 50, then, the part of the surface side of nitrogen diffusion layer 50 and nitrogen compound layer 51 is removed, form that nitrogen compound layer 51 is removed and the nitrogen diffusion layer 50 that exposes, with at the inner residual nitrogen compound layer 52 that the concave shape of nitrogen compound layer is arranged of concave surface.
On this basis, shown in Figure 10 (c), at first the surface that becomes with the slip surface of piston 57 in the 55a of cylinder hole forms nitrogen diffusion layer 50 and nitrogen compound layer 51, this nitrogen diffusion layer 50 is formed on the mother metal 56b side that is made of ferrous materials of cylinder hole 55a shown in the double dot dash line of Figure 10 (c), this nitrogen compound layer 51 is formed on shown in the double dot dash line of Figure 10 (c) on this nitrogen diffusion layer 50, then, the part of the surface side of nitrogen diffusion layer 50 and nitrogen compound layer 51 is removed, form that nitrogen compound layer 51 is removed and the nitrogen diffusion layer 50 that exposes, with at the inner residual nitrogen compound layer 52 that the concave shape of nitrogen compound layer is arranged of concave surface.
＜other 〉
In addition, in the respective embodiments described above, having enumerated the variable displacement swash plate type oil hydraulic pump as hydraulic rotating machinery describes, but the present invention is not limited to this, for example can be applicable to the oil hydraulic motor of variable displacement swash plate type, and the ramp type oil hydraulic pump of fixed capacity type, oil hydraulic motor icocline plate type hydraulic rotating machinery, can also be applicable to further the hydraulic rotating machinery of clino-axis type.
Claims (5)
1. a hydraulic rotating machinery comprises: the housing of tubular; Can be arranged on rotatably the running shaft in the housing; Cylinder body is arranged in the described housing in the mode with this running shaft one rotation, and is equipped with a plurality of cylinders hole of axially extending in the mode of separating in a circumferential direction; Can reciprocating mode to insert a plurality of pistons in each the cylinder hole that is embedded in cylinder body; And valve plate, between described cylinder body and described housing and be arranged in the described housing, and be formed be communicated with described each cylinder hole for row mouthful, described hydraulic rotating machinery is characterised in that,
At least a portion surface of any one party of the slip surface that slides at described cylinder hole and described piston has: nitrogen diffusion layer, described nitrogen diffusion layer is formed at least one party's of described cylinder hole and described piston mother metal side, and the part of its surface side is removed and exposes in described slip surface side; And nitrogen compound layer, described nitrogen compound layer is formed on this nitrogen diffusion layer, and has concave shape in surface side.
2. the manufacture method of a hydraulic rotating machinery, described hydraulic rotating machinery comprises: the housing of tubular; Can be arranged on rotatably the running shaft in the housing; Cylinder body is arranged in the described housing in the mode with this running shaft one rotation, and is equipped with a plurality of cylinders hole of axially extending in the mode of separating in a circumferential direction; Can reciprocating mode to insert a plurality of pistons in each the cylinder hole that is embedded in cylinder body; And valve plate, between described cylinder body and described housing and be arranged in the described housing, and be formed be communicated with described each cylinder hole for row mouthful, described manufacture method is characterised in that to have following operation:
On at least a portion surface of the mother metal of at least any one party of described cylinder hole and described piston, form the operation of concave shape by compression plasticity processing;
Process by implementing nitrided surface, form the operation of nitrogen compound layer on the surface that is formed with described concave shape; With
The operation of removing by cutting or grinding and with the part of described nitrogen compound layer,
Make the degree of depth of the described concave shape that in described compression plasticity manufacturing procedure, forms, become with the thickness of processing the nitrogen compound layer that forms by described nitrided surface and compare the thicker degree of depth,
Make the degree of depth of removing of described nitrogen compound layer become the thickness that is no more than the described concave shape degree of depth.
3. the manufacture method of hydraulic rotating machinery according to claim 2 is characterized in that, as described compression plasticity processing, makes shot blast or the shot peening of hard particles to clash into to described surface at a high speed.
4. the manufacture method of hydraulic rotating machinery according to claim 2 is characterized in that, as described compression plasticity processing, the mould that rolls that use will have convex form is pressed into the described lip-deep compressing that rolls.
5. the manufacture method of hydraulic rotating machinery according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the employed described mould that rolls has, with respect to the vibration-direction of described piston and have anisotropic convex form.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012052352A JP5606475B2 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2012-03-08 | Hydraulic rotating machine and method for manufacturing hydraulic rotating machine |
| JP2012-052352 | 2012-03-08 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103306929A true CN103306929A (en) | 2013-09-18 |
| CN103306929B CN103306929B (en) | 2017-07-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310062685.8A Expired - Fee Related CN103306929B (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2013-02-21 | The manufacture method of hydraulic rotating machinery and hydraulic rotating machinery |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5606475B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103306929B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109642556A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2019-04-16 | 日立建机株式会社 | Axial piston hydraulic whirler |
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| US11396872B2 (en) | 2017-03-10 | 2022-07-26 | Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. | Axial piston-type hydraulic rotary machine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5606475B2 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
| JP2013185520A (en) | 2013-09-19 |
| CN103306929B (en) | 2017-07-04 |
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