CN103302864B - A kind of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate, be made up of upper and lower two-layer PLA surface layer and one deck natural fiber folded therebetween and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt; First, natural fiber is mixed with acid fiber by polylactic, through combing, lapping, acupuncture, make natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic mixes felt; Then on the outer top and bottom of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt, PLA surface layer is added; Move to after vacuum drying oven preheating in shaping mould, air-pressure forming method obtains; Blend fiber plate has good environmental benefit to have excellent mechanical property concurrently, is applicable to the field such as aircraft, automotive trim.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate and preparation method thereof, belong to macromolecular material and field of compound material.
Background technology
PLA (PLA) derives from reproducible biomass resource (as cassava, sugar grass, straw etc.); the most outstanding advantage is biodegradability; widely use the sustainable development difficult problem can also alleviating current global facing---oil crisis and greenhouse effects, concerning the problem of outlet can also alleviating agricultural products in China China.PLA owing to having good thermoplasticity, fibre forming property, transparency are high, partial properties is better than the materials such as existing general-purpose plastics polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene.Therefore new century the most promising plastics are known as by the whole world.
The natural fiber being commonly used for reinforcing material refers to the various plants fiber comprising flaxen fiber, bamboo fibre, wood-fibred, cotton fiber etc.Various fiber has respective performance advantage, and such as flaxen fiber is the class natural fiber that in natural plant fibre, fibre length is the longest, heat resistance is best.The initial modulus of bast-fibre and bending rigidity slightly higher than terylene, wherein the specific strength of ramee and glass fibre close, demonstrate good mechanical property.The application of fibre reinforced plastics has become the very considerable market of automobile industry one.Daimler-Chrysler brought into use a kind of manila fiber extracted from banana to replace glass fibre to manufacture automobile tire from 2004, and it can be used as the spare tyre of benz A level car.On 2007 sections of benz C level cars, 27 gross masses are had to be that the parts of 17kg are made up of natural-fiber composite material.
Natural fiber and PLA compound is utilized to be one of effective ways of one of the effective way realizing PLA high-performance and low cost, the method can the advantage of comprehensively PLA and natural fiber, overcome the shortcomings such as PLA fragility, poor heat resistance, improve mechanical strength, and cost is low, make it no longer be confined to produce the field such as general-purpose plastics, film, also can be applicable to the field such as automobile, Aero-Space, building industry that service condition is comparatively harsh, have a good application prospect.
Chinese patent application 01107011.0 discloses a kind of fibre-reinforced polylactic acid composition, and main organic fiber or natural fiber such as chitin fiber, glutin fiber, modification human hair keratin fiber, modified cellulose or the poly-phthalimide fiber of adopting strengthens the intensity of poly-lactic acid material.
Chinese patent application 200910196696.9 lays the obtained polylactic-acid-base linen fiber composite plates with better mechanical property layer by layer with powder-type and granular pattern PLA and textile type flaxen fiber, due to powder-type and the good permeability of corpuscular PLA and larger specific area, simultaneously by chemical modification, improve the interfacial bonding property of flaxen fiber and polylactic resin body.
Above-mentioned patent has its unique distinction improving lactic acid composite material aspect of performance, but current all kinds of fibre reinforced plastics should meet the demand of lightweight, performance, energy-conserving and environment-protective simultaneously.The common composite construction such as lamination is difficult to weight reduction meeting under properties of product and dimensional requirement.The present invention utilizes two kinds of fiber blending technique, by acid fiber by polylactic and natural fiber Homogeneous phase mixing, blending structure can loss of weight, the demand of different plates is met by the grammes per square metre controlling blend fibre felt, surface layer PLA can replace adhesive to be convenient to again shaping and bonding decorative layer, more plays obstruct and humidification.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate and preparation method thereof.
A kind of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate, by two-layer two PLA surface layers up and down and therebetween folded by one deck natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt form.
Preferably, described PLA surface layer is any one or two kinds of stacked in polylactic acid based film, PLA non-woven fabrics, and surface density is 20-500g/m
2; Described polylactic acid based film is pure polylactic acid film, or the blend thin films of PLA and other resin; Other resin described is selected from the copolymer of living beings degradable resin PBAT(tetramethylene adipate and mutual-phenenyl two acid bromide two alcohol ester), PHA(polyhydroxyalkanoate), PBS(poly-succinic fourth two fat) and PCL(polycaprolactone).
Preferably, the surface density of described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt is 1000 ~ 5000g/m
2.
Preferably, the natural fiber content in described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt is 1 ~ 99wt%.
Preferably, the acid fiber by polylactic in described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt is short fiber, and fibre length is 20 ~ 80mm, and fiber number is 1 ~ 4D, and fibre section shape can be circle, polygonal, multi-leaf-shaped, Y shape, dumb-bell shape, fan-shaped or hollow shape.
Preferably, the natural fiber in described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt is one or more in ramee, flax fiber, tossa, bastose, sisal fiber, hemp, bamboo fibre or wood-fibred.
Preferably, the natural fiber in described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt is short fiber, and fibre length is 20 ~ 80mm, and diameter is 10 ~ 100 μm, and fibre section shape is kidney ellipsoid, zigzag or polygonal.
Preferably, the hot strength >=30.0MPa of described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate, bending strength >=20.0MPa, impact strength >=100J/m.
The present invention discloses the preparation method of described a kind of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate further, comprises the following steps:
(1) natural fiber is mixed with acid fiber by polylactic, through combing, lapping, acupuncture, make natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic mixes felt;
(2) on the outer top and bottom of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt, PLA surface layer is added;
(3) material after assembly is put into 150-180 DEG C of vacuum drying oven preheating 10-20min, move to rapidly in shaping mould, 30-50 DEG C of cooling and shaping after air-pressure forming under 0.3-0.6MPa.
The invention has the advantages that: because the raw material of natural fiber and PLA is renewable biodegradable material, the Blend fiber plate of invention gained has good environmental benefit to have excellent mechanical property concurrently.Blending structure more the grammes per square metre of flexible modulation sheet material can be processed into required specification by product requirement again compared with laminar structure, and the sheet material made of individual layer blended felt can more effective transmitted load, avoids the problems such as applying glue inequality, delamination.Surface layer PLA has iris action can replace adhesive simultaneously, and adhesion incrustation felt when being convenient to again shaping, avoids the pollution of common adhesive to environment and the harm of health, be applicable to the field such as aircraft, automotive trim.
Accompanying drawing explanation
A kind of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate structural representation
Reference numeral:
1, PLA surface layer;
2, natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of specific instantiation, technical scheme of the present invention is described.Should be understood that these embodiments are only not used in for illustration of the present invention to limit the scope of the invention.And, except as otherwise noted, the numbering of various method steps is only the convenient tool differentiating various method steps, but not be ordering or the enforceable scope of restriction the present invention of restriction various method steps, the change of its relativeness or adjustment, when changing technology contents without essence, when being also considered as the enforceable category of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
By ramie short fiber (fibre length 50mm, diameter are 60 μm, cross sectional shape be kidney ellipsoid) and polylactic acid short-fiber (fibre length 50mm/ fiber number 1.8D/ cross sectional shape is circular) in mass ratio the ratio of 4:6 mix, obtain blend fibre felt through combing, lapping, acupuncture, specification is 5000g/m
2; Adding last layer surface density in blend fibre felt upper and lower surface is again 20g/m
2pure polylactic acid film as surface layer; Put into 180 DEG C of vacuum drying oven preheating 10min after assembly, move to rapidly in shaping mould, 40 DEG C of cooling and shapings after air-pressure forming under 0.6MPa.
Performance test is carried out respectively according to standard GB/T1447-2005, GB/T1449-2005, ASTM D256-2010.After tested, obtained natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate hot strength 78.82MPa, bending strength 69.98MPa, impact strength 214.69J/m.
Embodiment 2
By jute short fiber (fibre length 80mm, diameter are 25 μm, cross sectional shape be polygonal) and polylactic acid short-fiber (fibre length 80mm/ fiber number 1D/ cross sectional shape is polygonal) in mass ratio 1:1 mix, obtain blend fibre felt through combing, lapping, acupuncture, specification is 1000g/m
2; Adding last layer surface density in blend fibre felt upper and lower surface is again 500g/m
2pLA non-woven fabrics as surface layer; Put into 150 DEG C of vacuum drying oven preheating 20min after assembly, move to rapidly in shaping mould, 50 DEG C of cooling and shapings after air-pressure forming under 0.3MPa.
Performance test is carried out respectively according to standard GB/T1447-2005, GB/T1449-2005, ASTM D256-2010.After tested, obtained natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate hot strength 36.05MPa, bending strength 24.61MPa, impact strength 104.94J/m.
Embodiment 3
By rescutched tow (fibre length 20mm, diameter are 17 μm, cross sectional shape be polygonal) and polylactic acid short-fiber (fibre length 20mm/ fiber number 4D/ cross sectional shape is Y shape) in mass ratio 6:4 mix, obtain blend fibre felt through combing, lapping, acupuncture, specification is 1900g/m
2; Polylactic acid based film (the surface density 50g/m of last layer PBAT modification is all added again in blend fibre felt upper and lower surface
2) as surface layer; Put into 175 DEG C of vacuum drying oven preheating 15min after assembly, move to rapidly in shaping mould, 35 DEG C of cooling and shapings after air-pressure forming under 0.4MPa.
Performance test is carried out respectively according to standard GB/T1447-2005, GB/T1449-2005, ASTM D256-2010.After tested, obtained natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate hot strength 51.31MPa, bending strength 34.58MPa, impact strength 169.39J/m.
Embodiment 4
By bluish dogbane and sisal hemp mixing short fiber, (fibre length 50mm, diameter be 28 μm, cross sectional shape is dumb-bell shape, mass ratio 1:1) with polylactic acid short-fiber (fibre length 50mm/ fiber number 1.8D/ cross sectional shape is dumb-bell shape) in mass ratio the ratio of 3:7 mix, obtain blend fibre felt through combing, lapping, acupuncture, specification is 2500g/m
2; The surface layer of blend fibre felt upper and lower surface is the superposition of the pure polylactic acid film of one deck and one deck PLA non-woven fabrics, and surface density is 20g/m
2; Put into 170 DEG C of vacuum drying oven preheating 10min after assembly, move to rapidly in shaping mould, 45 DEG C of cooling and shapings after air-pressure forming under 0.6MPa.
Performance test is carried out respectively according to standard GB/T1447-2005, GB/T1449-2005, ASTM D256-2010.After tested, obtained natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate hot strength 58.32MPa, bending strength 39.98MPa, impact strength 184.96J/m.
Above-mentioned example, only for technical conceive of the present invention and feature are described, its object is to person skilled in the art can be understood content of the present invention and implement according to this, can not limit the scope of the invention with this.All equivalent transformations of doing according to Spirit Essence of the present invention or modification, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. natural fiber and an acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate, is made up of upper and lower two-layer PLA surface layer and one deck natural fiber folded therebetween and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt;
Described PLA surface layer is any one or two kinds of stacked in polylactic acid based film, PLA non-woven fabrics, and surface density is 20-500g/m
2; Described polylactic acid based film is pure polylactic acid film, or the blend thin films of PLA and other resin; Other resin described is selected from living beings degradable resin PBAT, PHA, PBS and PCL; The surface density of described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt is 1000 ~ 5000g/m
2; Natural fiber content in described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt is 1 ~ 99wt%; Acid fiber by polylactic in described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt is short fiber, and fibre length is 20 ~ 80mm, and fiber number is 1 ~ 4D, and fibre section shape is circle, polygonal, multi-leaf-shaped, Y shape, dumb-bell shape, fan-shaped or hollow shape;
Described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate are prepared by the method comprised the following steps:
(1) natural fiber is mixed with acid fiber by polylactic, through combing, lapping, acupuncture, make natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic mixes felt;
(2) on the outer top and bottom of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt, PLA surface layer is added;
(3) material after assembly is put into 150-180 DEG C of vacuum drying oven preheating 10-20min, move to rapidly in shaping mould, 30-50 DEG C of cooling and shaping after air-pressure forming under 0.3-0.6MPa.
2. a kind of natural fiber as claimed in claim 1 and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate, it is characterized in that, the natural fiber in described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt is one or more in ramee, flax fiber, tossa, bastose, sisal fiber, hemp, bamboo fibre or wood-fibred.
3. a kind of natural fiber as claimed in claim 1 and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate, it is characterized in that, natural fiber in described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt is short fiber, fibre length is 20 ~ 80mm, diameter is 10 ~ 100 μm, and fibre section shape is kidney ellipsoid, zigzag or polygonal.
4. a kind of natural fiber as claimed in claim 1 and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate, is characterized in that, the hot strength >=30.0MPa of described natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate, bending strength >=20.0MPa, impact strength >=100J/m.
5. a kind of natural fiber as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-4 and the preparation method of acid fiber by polylactic Blend fiber plate, comprise the following steps:
(1) natural fiber is mixed with acid fiber by polylactic, through combing, lapping, acupuncture, make natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic mixes felt;
(2) on the outer top and bottom of natural fiber and acid fiber by polylactic blended felt, PLA surface layer is added;
(3) material after assembly is put into 150-180 DEG C of vacuum drying oven preheating 10-20min, move to rapidly in shaping mould, 30-50 DEG C of cooling and shaping after air-pressure forming under 0.3-0.6MPa.
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| CN106592038B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-08-14 | 吉林大学 | A kind of 3D printing wire rod and preparation method thereof of natural ramie fiber enhancing |
| CN107012587A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-04 | 吉林大学 | A kind of natural environmental-protective type flaxen fiber enhancing degradable polyalcohol group felt material and its composite board and preparation method |
| CN108411416A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-08-17 | 同济大学 | A kind of antistatic acid fiber by polylactic mixed yarn and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110271255A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-24 | 苏州大学 | Fiber reinforcement polylactic acid-base composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111519347A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | 青岛博时阻燃织物有限公司 | Polyester fiberboard based on hemp straw waste and production process thereof |
| CN111575906A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-25 | 新疆维吾尔自治区工业经济和信息化研究院 | Preparation method of biodegradable cotton stalk fiber non-woven fabric |
| CN112853609B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-05-31 | 东华大学 | Water-repellent laminated jute non-woven fabric packaging bag material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114953686A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-08-30 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Polylactic acid composite board and preparation method and application thereof |
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