CN103298820B - 用作神经干细胞探针的氟硼二吡咯结构荧光染料 - Google Patents
用作神经干细胞探针的氟硼二吡咯结构荧光染料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103298820B CN103298820B CN201180056146.2A CN201180056146A CN103298820B CN 103298820 B CN103298820 B CN 103298820B CN 201180056146 A CN201180056146 A CN 201180056146A CN 103298820 B CN103298820 B CN 103298820B
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Abstract
本发明涉及结构式(I)所表示的荧光化合物,其对神经干细胞具有特异性:
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2010年11月24日提交的美国临时申请号61/416,808的权益。上述申请的全部技术通过参考并入此处。
背景技术
荧光分子及其应用的开发对于多种生物现象的分析都是不可或缺的技术。在过去的几十年中,许多荧光小分子已开发作为用于生物分析的报告物和化学传感器,其通常被精心设计成选择性检测目标物质,或是与生物分子缀合1。这些荧光分子利用其发光强度的提高或降低,所述提高或降低是对周围介质的响应,或是通过特定的分子识别事件实现。由于其简单并且灵敏度高,荧光传感器已作为常用工具广泛用于化学、生物和医学应用。荧光传感器设计的最普遍的策略是将荧光染料分子与针对特定分析物设计的受体组合在一起,期望受体与分析物之间的识别事件会导致染料部分的荧光特性改变。虽然已经通过该方法成功开发了许多荧光传感器,但是每一次开发都需要将大量精力放在传感器的设计和合成上。此外,传感器的应用范围仅限于对该传感器进行推理性设计时所针对的所选具体分析物,即所谓的分析物导向型传感器。一旦可以开发用于不同种类染料的高效合成路线,组合染料库合成就会提供作为多样性导向型传感器的最有前途的替代品之一。
神经干细胞(NSC)在整个生命周期中通过自我更新和分化成神经元和神经胶质而产生神经系统、促进神经元的可塑性并修复损伤2,3。向一些脑部疾病影响的脑区域中进行的NSC植入的有益影响已通过动物实验证明4,5。NSC对于药物筛选及药效试验而言也具有在药物开发中显著减少所需的时间和努力的巨大潜力。分离和表征NSC的常规方法依赖于其在确定的培养基中的行为,如神经球(neurosphere)的形成和标志物分子的免疫检测。然而,这些方法依赖于时间,并涉及使用可能致使细胞不适合于进一步实验和治疗应用的抗体。因此,需要开发可用于检测神经干细胞的新的化合物。
发明概述
描述了具有荧光发射并对神经干细胞具有特异性的新的化学结构。该骨架与一系列化学官能团是相容的,并能够与蛋白质以及其他目的大分子(诸如碳水化合物和脂质)进行生物缀合。这些化合物之一(称为指定化合物(CDr3))通过与脂肪酸结合蛋白7(FABP7)这种NSC标志物蛋白结合而选择性染色人类和小鼠神经干细胞(NSC)。
附图说明
从以下对附图所示本发明示例性实施方案的更具体描述,前面提到的将是显然的,在附图中相似的附图标记表示不同视图中的相同部分。这些附图不一定是按比例绘制的,而是将重点放在展示本发明的实施方案上。
图1A示出了CDr3对NS5的选择性染色。E14、NS5、D-NS5和MEF的细胞核都被Hoechst33342(DAPI)可视化;但是只有NS5被CDr3(TxRd)选择性染色。上图是明视野(BF)图像;中图和下图是用DAPI和TexasRed滤光片组得到的荧光图像。比例尺,50μm。
图1B示出了CDr3的化学结构。
图1C示出了与CDr3一起孵育的E14、NS5、D-NS5和MEF的流式细胞术散点图。向未染色的对照细胞添加DMSO。将每种类型细胞的图像叠加。标出了CDr3分离的NS5细胞。
图1D示出了CDr3对NS5的选择性染色。将在体外培养了2周的混合原代小鼠脑细胞(PC)与CDr3和Hoechst33342一起孵育。活细胞的图像示于明视野(BF)和荧光(DAPI和TexasRed)的图中。多种形态的原代脑细胞没有被CDr3染色,而并行处理的被NS5染色。在用神经元特异性III类β-微管蛋白(TUJ1;TXRD通道)和星形胶质细胞特异性的胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP;FITC通道)的抗体进行免疫细胞化学染色(ICC)后,获得了相同细胞的图像。比例尺,100μm。
图2A示出了CDr3结合蛋白的鉴定。通过2DE分离CDr3染色的NS5的蛋白质裂解物。主要荧光点用圈(左图)标记。在一式二份的凝胶(右图)中检测到许多银染色的蛋白质点。
图2B示出了胰蛋白酶肽(MVVTLTFGDIVAVR)SEQIDNo.:1的MS/MS碎片离子分析,表示FABP7是CDr3的结合靶标。在谱图中仅标记出了主y-系列的离子碎片。M*表示在甲硫氨酸残基上的氧化。
图2C显示,EGFP和CDr3的荧光信号仅在表达与EGFP融合的小鼠FABP7或人类FABP7的细胞中重合。使用DAPI(Hoechst)、FITC(EGFP)和TexasRed(Cdr3)滤光片组在NikonTi显微镜上获得荧光图像。比例尺,50μm。
图3A示出了在H1、ReNcellVM和ReNcellVM分化神经元中FABP7表达的实时RT-PCR分析数据。描述了FABP7对GAPDH的相对表达水平。
图3B显示,在ReNcellVM(泳道3)裂解物中通过Western印迹检测到了FABP7蛋白(14kDa)的强信号,而在H1(泳道1)和ReNcellVM分化神经元(泳道2)的裂解物中不能检测到。β-肌动蛋白(42kDa)染色表明了样品泳道之间一致的上样。荧光扫描显示,仅在与CDr3孵育的ReNcellVM裂解物(泳道3)中有CDr3标记的FABP7。
图3C示出了在H1、ReNcellVM和ReNcellVM-分化神经元(D-ReNcellVM)中的FABP7免疫细胞化学。仅有ReNcellVM被FABP7抗体鲜明染色。比例尺,50μm。上图是用DAPI染色的核;下图是用抗体染色的FABP7。
图3D示出了与CDr3孵育的H1、ReNcellVM和ReNcellVM分化神经元。仅在ReNcellVM中检测到荧光信号。上图是明视野图像;下图是荧光图像。比例尺,50μm。
图4A示出了用CDr3染色后在FACS中已分化E14细胞的分布。CDr3染色的胚体细胞分离成CDr3bright和CDr3dim群。
图4B示出了FABP7在CDr3bright细胞中比在CDr3dim细胞中具有更高表达,其通过免疫细胞化学随后流式细胞术进行检测。通过AlexaFluor488缀合的二抗检测FABP7一抗。
图5示出了FABP7、Hes1、Musashi、Nestin和Pax6在CDr3bright细胞中比在CDr3dim细胞中具有更高表达。CDr3bright和CDr3dim细胞通过FACS分别收集,用于通过实时RT-PCR进行的基因表达分析以及神经球测定。
图6A示出了流式细胞术散点图,其显示与对照组(-)相比,染色的E14.5胎鼠脑细胞位移至明亮荧光(+)。
图6B示出了与未分选细胞相比,通过CDr3、CD133抗体、SSEA-1抗体和Aldefluor进行分选的细胞的神经球数量(左图)和尺寸(右图)。
图7示出了在CDr3和用作载剂的DMSO存在下培养的神经球的数量(上图)和尺寸(下图)。
图8示出了在CDr3和用作载剂的DMSO存在下培养的NS5细胞的数量(左图)和BrdU阳性细胞百分比(右图)。
图9示出了CDr3的谱图信息。
发明详述
本文引用的所有专利、已公布申请和参考文献的教导均以援引方式整体并入本文。
本发明涉及具有荧光发射和神经干细胞特异性的新的化学结构。该骨架与一系列化学官能团相容,并能够与蛋白质以及其他目的大分子上(诸如碳水化合物和脂质)生物缀合。所述化合物之一(称为指定化合物(CDr3))通过与蛋白脂肪酸结合蛋白7(FABP7)这种NSC标志物结合而选择性染色人和小鼠的神经干细胞(NSC)。
本发明的一个实施方案的是结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
式(I),其中:
R是(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C6-C10)芳基(C2-C6)烯基或2-4元多环,其中每一个2-4元多环任选地并独立地包含1-2个选自氧、氮和硫的环杂原子;
并且其中R任选地取代有1-4个取代基,所述取代基独立地选自(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、羟基(C0-C6)烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、卤代(C6-C10)芳基、羟基(C6-C10)芳基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C8)环烷基、卤代(C6-C10)芳基(C1-C6)烷氧基、卤素、氨基、(C1-C6)烷氧基(C6-C10)芳基(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、(3至9元)杂环基、(C0-C6)烷基(C6-C10)芳基(C0-C6)烷氧基、(C5-C10)杂环、-OCF3、-B(OH)2、氰基(C1-C6)亚烷基氨基、(C1-C6)烷氧基氨基、(C6-C10)芳基(C2-C6)烯基、(C2-C6)烯基(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C1-C6)亚砜(sulfoxy)或-N(CH3)(C1-C6)OH。
本发明的另一个实施方案是检测神经干细胞(NSC)的方法,包括:
a)用化合物染色所述神经干细胞,以通过所述化合物与所述神经干细胞之标志物蛋白的结合而形成染料染色的神经干细胞,其中所述化合物是结构式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
b)任选地孵育步骤a)的产物以形成所述孵育的染料染色干细胞(可以通过孵育足以达到理想强度的一段时间来增强荧光强度,例如,从约1小时至约24小时,但是可以接受更少或更多的时间。);
c)使用流式细胞术和FACS分析所述孵育的染料染色干细胞;
以及
d)对所述染料染色的神经干细胞进行二维SDS-PAGE(2DE)荧光扫描以检测荧光信号,其中信号的存在表明所述神经干细胞的存在。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述方法应用于神经干细胞生物学和再生医学。
方案1.通用合成方案。
(a)吡啶,哌啶,50℃,48h,然后80℃,24h,(b)H2,Pd/C,MeOH,RT,6h,(c)K2CO3,H2O/EtOH,回流,过夜,(d)2,2,2-三氯乙醇,吡啶,DCC,EA,RT,过夜,(e)3,5-二甲基-1H-吡咯-2-甲醛,POCl3,DCM,RT,4h,(f)DIEA,BF3OEt,DCM,RT,过夜,(g)R-CHO,吡咯烷,醋酸,ACN,85℃,15min。
图表1.在合成中使用的构件酰氯(方案1中的R-CHO)。
定义
“烷基”是指具有所指明碳原子数的饱和脂肪族支链或直链的一价烃基。因此,“(C1-C6)烷基”是指具有1-6个碳原子的线性或分支排列的基团。“(C1-C6)烷基”包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基和己基。
“亚烷基”是指具有所指明碳原子数的饱和脂肪族直链二价烃基。因此,“(C1-C6)亚烷基”是指具有1-6个碳原子的线性排列的二价饱和脂肪族基团。“(C1-C6)亚烷基”包括亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、亚丁基、亚戊基和亚己基。
“杂环”是指饱和或部分不饱和的(4-7元)单环杂环,所述单环杂环含有一个氮原子,并任选地含有独立地选自N、O或S的一个另外的杂原子。当一个杂原子是S时,其可以是任选地一氧合或二氧合的(即,-S(O)-或S(O)2)。单环杂环的实例包括但不限于氮杂环丁烷、吡咯烷、哌啶、哌嗪、六氢嘧啶、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、吗啉、硫代吗啉、硫代吗啉1,1-二氧化物、四氢-2H-1,2-噻嗪、四氢-2H-1,2-噻嗪的1,1-二氧化物、异噻唑烷、异噻唑烷1,1-二氧化物。
“环烷基”是指饱和的脂肪族环状烃环。因此,“C3-C7环烷基”是指(3-7元)饱和脂族环状烃环。C3-C7环烷基包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基和环庚基。
术语“烷氧基”是指-O-烷基;“羟基烷基”是指羟基取代的烷基;“芳烷基”是指芳基取代的烷基;“烷氧基烷基”是指烷氧基取代的烷基;“烷基胺”是指烷基取代的胺;“环烷基烷基”是指环烷基取代的烷基,“二烷基胺”是指两个烷基取代的胺;“烷基羰基”是指-C(O)-A*,其中A*为烷基;“烷氧羰基”是指-C(O)-OA*,其中A*为烷基;其中烷基如上述定义,包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基和己氧基。
“环烷氧基”是指环烷基-O-基团,其中该环烷基如上文所定义。示例性(C3-C7)环烷氧基包括环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基和环庚氧基。
卤代烷基和卤代环烷基包括单卤代、多卤代、和全卤代烷基,其中每个卤素独立地选自氟、氯和溴。
“杂”是指在环系中至少一个碳原子被至少一个选自N、S和O的杂原子所置换。杂环系可以有1或2个碳原子被杂原子所置换。
“卤素”和“卤代”在这里互换使用,每个是指氟、氯、溴或碘。
“氰基”是指-C≡N。
“硝基”是指-NO2。
如本文所用的氨基可以是伯氨基(-NH2)、仲氨基(-NHRx)或叔氨基(NRxRy),其中Rx和Ry可以是任何上述任选取代的烷基。
术语“卤代烷基”和“卤代烷氧基”是指烷基或烷氧基,视情况而定,其取代有一个或多个卤素原子。术语“卤素”是指是F、Cl、Br或I。优选地,卤代烷基或卤代烷氧基中的卤素是F。
术语“酰基”是指-C(O)B*,其中B*是任选取代的烷基或芳基(例如,任选取代的苯基)。
“亚烷基”表示-[CH2]z,其中z是正整数,优选1至8,更优选1至4。
“亚烯基”是其中至少一对相邻的亚甲基被-CH=CH-所替代的亚烷基。
单独使用或作为更大基团的一部分使用(如“芳基烷基”,“芳基烷氧基”或“芳氧基烷基”)的术语“(C6-C10)芳基”是指碳环芳族环。术语“碳环芳族基团”可以与术语“芳基”,“芳环”,“碳环芳族环”,“芳基基团”,“碳环芳族基团”互换使用。芳基基团通常有6-14个环原子。“取代芳基基团”在任何一个或更多个可取代的环原子处发生取代。术语“C6-14芳基”在本文中是指含有6至14个碳原子的单环、双环或三环碳环系,包括苯基、萘基、蒽基、1,2-二氢萘基、1,2,3,4-四氢萘基、芴基、茚满基和茚基等。
单独使用或作为更大基团的一部分使用(如“杂芳基烷基”或“杂芳基烷氧基”)的术语“杂芳基”,“杂芳”,“杂芳基环”,“杂芳基基团”和“杂芳香基团”是指具有选自碳和至少一个(通常为1-4个,更通常1或2个)杂原子(如氧,氮或硫)的5至14个环原子的芳香环基团。其包括单环和多环,其中单环杂芳环稠合至一个或多个其它的碳环芳族或杂芳环。术语“5-14元杂芳基”在本文中是指含有一或两个芳香环和5至14个原子的单环、双环或三环体系,除非另外指明,否则所述原子中的一个、两个、三个、四个或五个是独立地选自N、NH、N(C1-6烷基)、O和S的杂原子。
术语“2-4元多环是具有2-4个烃环或环结构(例如,苯环)的环状化合物。该术语一般包括所有的多环芳香族化合物,包括多环芳香族烃类,含有硫、氮、氧、或其他非碳原子的杂环芳族化合物,和其取代衍生物。
术语“烯基”是指具有所指明碳原子数的直链或支链的烃基并包含至少一个双键。(C6-C10)芳基(C2-C6)烯基通过所述(C6-C10)芳基(C2-C6)烯基的(C2-C6)烯基部分连接到该分子的其余部分。
本发明的另一个实施方案是包含一种或多种药学上可接受的载体和/或稀释剂和本文所公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物。
“药学上可接受的载体”和“药学上可接受的稀释剂”是指非治疗性组分,其纯度和品质足以用于制备在正确施用于对动物或人时通常不产生不良反应的本发明组合物,并且用于作为药物物质(即本发明的化合物)的载剂。
本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐也包括在内。例如,含有胺或其它碱性基团的本发明化合物的酸式盐可以通过将该化合物与合适的有机或无机酸的反应而获得,得到药学上可接受的阴离子盐的形式。阴离子盐的例子包括乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐、酒石酸氢盐、溴化物、依地酸钙、坎西雷特、碳酸盐、氯化物、柠檬酸盐、二盐酸盐、依地酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、丙酸酯十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、延胡索酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐(glyceptate)、葡糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、乙醇酰对氨基苯胂酸盐、己基间苯二酚盐、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、羟萘甲酸盐、碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、粘酸盐、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、泛酸盐、磷酸盐/磷酸氢盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、碱式乙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、单宁酸盐、酒石酸盐、8-氯茶碱盐、甲苯磺酸盐和三乙基碘盐。
含羧酸或其他酸性官能团的本发明化合物的盐可以通过与适当的碱反应而得到。这种药学上可接受的盐可以通过提供药学上可接受的阳离子的碱来制备,其包括碱金属盐(特别是钠和钾)、碱土金属盐(特别是钙和镁)、铝盐和铵盐,以及从生理上可接受的有机碱制备的盐,如三甲胺、三乙胺、吗啉、吡啶、哌啶、甲基吡啶、二环己基胺、N,N′-二苄基乙烯二胺、2-羟基乙胺、双-(2-羟乙基)胺、三-(2-羟乙基)胺、普鲁卡因、二苄基哌啶、脱氢枞胺、N,N′-二脱氢枞胺、葡糖胺、N-甲基葡糖胺、可力丁、奎宁、喹啉、和碱性氨基酸如赖氨酸和精氨酸。
实施例
4,4-二氟-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮杂-s-茚(BODIPY)作为更通用的荧光团之一具有优越的优点,如量子产率高、荧光特性可调、光稳定性高和发光带宽窄。从1968年BODIPY染料首次发现以来,对BODIPY骨架的化学修饰已经得到了充分的研究。因此,已有大量BODIPY染料被用于标记生物分子。还开发大量基于BODIPY骨架的传感器和标志物。但是,由于合成有难度,基于BODIPY的库合成很少有报道。
本文公开了我们的发明,其为通过溶液相合成法合成的新的多样性导向型荧光BODIPY活性酯化合物库,以及已被鉴定为神经干细胞选择性成像探针的所述化合物之一。
为了开发选择性检测NSC的荧光成像探针,我们在E14小鼠胚胎干细胞(MESC)、E14衍生的NS5NSC、分化成星形胶质细胞的NS5(D-NS5)和小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)中对自行产生的3,160多样性导向型荧光库(DiversityOrientedFluorescenceLibrary,DOFL)化合物进行了筛选。对于高通量筛选,在384孔板上并排制备了4种不同类型的细胞并与0.5或1.0μM的化合物孵育。孵育24小时后,在自动成像显微镜系统ImageXpressMicroTM上获取细胞的明视野图像和荧光图像,并使用图像处理软件对染色细胞的荧光强度进行分析。通过随后的二级和三级筛选,CDr3被鉴定为以最高选择性和最高亮度染色NS5的命中分子(图1)。
本发明化合物固有的荧光特性使得在其强烈结合到目标分子上之后,就可以在所有鉴定过程中从染色的活细胞中跟踪目标而不无需任何修饰。当对CDr3染色的NS5裂解物进行二维十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE(2DE))用于荧光扫描时,检测到约15kDa的一个主要的点(图2A)。
基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间/飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF/TOFMS)和MS/MS分析使得我们能够鉴定出该蛋白质点是FABP7(图2B)。在目前已知在多种组织中的脂类运输和转运中发挥重要作用的9种哺乳动物FABP中,FABP7尤其在中枢神经系统中表达,并且是放射状胶质细胞(其在脑中作为NSC)的公认标志物6。为了确认FABP7是CDr3的特异性结合靶标,我们克隆了人和小鼠FABP7基因并将其与用于HEK293细胞表达的EGFP构建体融合。我们将细胞与CDr3孵育,并在表达与EGFP融合的人或小鼠FABP7的细胞中观察到EGFP和CDr3信号的重叠(图2C)。
基于这个结果,我们尝试在来自人胎儿脑组织的中脑腹侧区的商品化ReNcellVM人NSC细胞系中测试CDr3。我们首先通过实时RT-PCR检测FABP7表达水平,发现与在H1人ESC中相比,在ReNcellVM中的FABP7的表达水平高540倍。分化成神经元后,该表达显著下调(20倍)(图3A)。Western印迹分析在蛋白表达水平上显示出相似的观察结果,在ReNcellVM裂解物中检测到的14kDa的强FABP7条带,而在H1和ReNcellVM衍生的神经元的裂解物中没有检测到FABP7(图3B)。根据Western印迹数据,FABP7抗体强烈染色ReNcellVM,而H1和ReNcellVM衍生的神经元不被染色(图3C)。然后,我们用CDr3孵育3种类型的细胞,以确定活ReNcellVM是否可以通过该化合物与其他细胞区分开来。正如从FABP7表达分析数据中预期的那样,在活细胞培养物中CDr3选择性染色ReNcellVM(图3D)。
接下来,我们感兴趣的是测试CDr3是否可以用于从异质细胞群中分离NSC。根据Bibel等人7所描述的方案,我们诱导E14分化以生成FABP7阳性的放射状胶质细胞。将在缺乏白血病抑制因子的情况下从E14产生的胚状体用视黄酸处理2天,直到解离成单细胞悬液。将细胞用CDr3染色并通过FACS分别收集CDr3bright和CDr3dim细胞。用FABP7抗体染色每个细胞群并通过流式细胞术分析。叠加图示出了分离良好的2个集群,表明通过CDr3从异质性胚体细胞中分离的细胞是FABP7表达细胞(图4)。为了从脑组织中分离NSC,我们用CDr3孵育E14.5小鼠胚脑原代细胞,通过FACS分别收集CDr3bright和CDr3dim以用于通过实时RT-PCR进行的基因表达分析以及神经球测定。CDr3bright细胞中的FABP7、Hes1、Musashi、Nestin和Pax6的表达水平是CDr3dim中的三倍以上,而Hes5、Sox2和Bmi1表达水平的差别小于2倍(图5)。在神经球试验中,CDr3bright细胞生长至产生每孔26.8±2.5个神经球而CDr3dim细胞只产生了每孔0.25±0.5个神经球。作为另外一个的研究,通过FACS使用CD133抗体、SSEA-1抗体、Aldefluor(BODIPY-氨基乙醛)以及CDr3分选了胎鼠脑细胞以用于神经球测定(图6A)。观察到所有的标志物阳性和阴性细胞之间在所产生神经球数量上有很大的差异。在这些标志物中,CDr3阳性细胞中生成的神经球数量最多,随后是SSEA-1、ALDEFLUOR和CD133阳性细胞(图6B),而神经球的大小均相似(图6C)。此结果表明,在测试NSC标记物中,NSC形成神经球的能力与FABP7水平之间的相关性最高。
最后,在CDr3的存在下通过培养NS5和神经球来确定CDr3是否影响NSC增殖。在含有CDr3的培养基中生长6小时和48小时的NS5细胞的总数及BrdU阳性细胞脉冲标记百分比与作为对照的在只含有DMSO的培养基中生长的细胞相比没有差异(图7)。根据与NS5细胞的实验结果,在CDr3的存在下产生的神经球的数量和大小与对照没有差异(图8)。
材料和方法
细胞培养和分化
将E14在明胶包被培养皿上维持在补充有10%FBS、2mML-谷氨酰胺、100U/ml青霉素、100μg/ml链霉素、0.1mM非必需氨基酸、0.1%β-巯基乙醇和100U/ml白血病抑制因子(LIF,Chemicon)的高糖DMEM中。为进行分化,用0.25%胰蛋白酶的1mMEDTA溶液(Invitrogen)将细胞从其培养板中脱离下来,并在非粘附性细菌培养皿中在不含LIF的E14培养基中传代培养。其后,每天更换90%的EBF培养基,共4天,然后将视黄酸(Sigma)加入直到最终浓度为1μM。在第6天,收获胚状体并在37℃下0.05%胰蛋白酶的0.2mMEDTA溶液中解离3分钟以得到单细胞悬液。将NS5维持在补充有100μg/mlAPO-转铁蛋白(Sigma)、5.2ng/ml亚硒酸钠(Sigma)、19.8ng/ml孕酮(Sigma)、16μg/ml腐胺(Sigma)、25μg/ml胰岛素(Sigma)、50.25μg/mlBSA(Gibco)、10ng/mlbFGF(Gibco)、10ng/mlEGF(Gibco)、100U/ml青霉素(Gibco)、100μg/ml链霉素(Gibco)和1mM的L-谷氨酰胺(Gibco)的Euromed-N培养基中。为了使NS5分化成星形胶质细胞,将培养基改变为含5%FBS但不含FGF和bEGF的NS5维持培养基。MEF维持在如用于E14的相同的培养基中,但不含LIF。H1以无饲养细胞条件维持在matrigel包被皿上含有KnockoutDMEM/10%血清替代品(Gibco)、0.1mMMEM非必需氨基酸(Gibco)、2mML-谷氨酰胺(Gibco)、0.1mMβ-巯基乙醇(Gibco)、8%血浆(NUHpharmacy)、12ng/mlLIF和10ng/ml人重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF;GIBCO)的MEF条件化培养基中。ReNcellVM(Millipore#SCC008)维持在层粘连蛋白包被皿上含有20ng/mlbFGF和20ng/mEGF的ReNcellNSC维持培养基(Millipore#SCM005)中。为了神经分化,将ReNcellVM接种在PLO/层粘连蛋白包被的平板上,并在包含1∶1混合的N2-DMEM/F12和B27-Neurobasal培养基的培养基中培养多至3周,所述培养基补充有0.1mMMEM非必需氨基酸酸和1mML-谷氨酰胺,都来自于Gibco/Invitrogen。为进行混合原代脑细胞的培养,将新生小鼠幼崽的脑切成小块,在37℃下用0.25%胰蛋白酶的1mMEDTA溶液(Invitrogen)消化30分钟,然后用FBS中和。用PBS通过离心和重悬洗涤后,将组织用有1ml尖端的10ml移液管捣碎并通过40μm的尼龙网过滤器过滤悬液。将得到的单细胞接种在35mm的细胞培养皿上含有10%FBS的OptiMEMGlutaMAXTM中。第二天,通过更换培养基除去未贴壁的细胞和细胞碎片。之后每周两次替换培养基的二分之一。
DOFL高通量筛选
将DOFL化合物用培养基从1mM的DMSO储备液稀释成终浓度为0.5μM或1.0μM。将4种不同类型的细胞并排放置在384孔板上,在37℃下与化合物孵育过夜,第二天用Hoechst33342或DRAQ5对细胞核染色,然后采集图像。使用装有10X物镜的ImageXpressMicroTM细胞成像系统(MolecularDevice)获得每孔2个区域的荧光细胞图像,并通过图像处理软件(MolecularDevice)分析强度。基于强度数据和原始图像的手工筛选,选择染色NS5比其它细胞更明亮的命中化合物。
活细胞染色
将细胞在Opti-MEMGlutaMAXTM中与0.5μMCDr3孵育1小时,如果需要,随后在37℃下与2μMHoechst33342孵育15分钟。然后将细胞在维持培养基中润洗1小时,将培养基再更换成新的培养基,然后采集图像。必要时延长染色和脱色时间。使用NISElements3.10软件在ECLIPSETi显微镜(NikonInstrumentsInc)或A1R共聚焦显微镜(NikonInstrumentsInc),或使用AxioVisionv4.8软件(CarlZeissInc)在AxioObserverD1上采集明视野和荧光图像。
流式细胞术和FACS
通过胰蛋白酶处理收集与CDr3孵育的细胞,用PBS洗涤并重悬。用流式细胞仪(BDTMLSRII)测定细胞的荧光强度,或使用FACS仪器(BDFACSAriaTM)采集。使用FlowJo7软件对数据进行分析和处理。
二维凝胶电泳
将CDr3染色的NS5沉淀在与10μl/ml蛋白酶抑制剂混合物(无EDTA,GEhealthcare)、50μg/mlDNaseI和50μg/mlRNaseA(Roche)预先混合的裂解缓冲液(40mMTrizma,7M尿素,2M硫脲和4%CHAPS)中裂解。通过2DE分离0.2mg和1mg蛋白质分别用于银染和荧光成像。使用具有500VPMT的Typhoon9400扫描仪(GEhealthcares)在532nm/610nm的激发/发射波长获取凝胶的荧光图像,根据制造商的方案使用PlusOneTM银染试剂盒(GEhealthcare)对一式二份的凝胶染色。荧光标记的蛋白质点直接从凝胶中切下以用于胶内胰蛋白酶消化和肽提取。
MALDI-TOF/TOFMS和MS/MS分析
根据生产商的方案,将0.6μl胰蛋白酶处理肽点样在PrespottedAnchorChip目标板(BrukerDaltonicsInc)上。肽质量指纹图谱和选定的肽MS/MS碎片离子分析在UltraFlexIIITOF-TOF(BrukerDaltonicsInc)上进行,所述UltraFlexIIITOF-TOF具有带有PAC肽校准标准的包括FlexControl3.0和FlexAnalysis3.0的罗盘1.2软件包。将MS和MS/MS的峰列表通过具有SwissProt57.8(509,019序列)数据库的BioTools3.2提交到内部的Mascotserver(phenyx.bii.a-star.edu.sg/search_form_select.html)上,允许的肽质量误差为100ppm和0.5Da,最大1丢失裂解,并考虑半胱氨酸(C)的脲基甲基和甲硫氨酸处(M)氧化的变量改变。
化学合成
所有反应均在烘箱干燥的玻璃器皿中在氮气正压下进行。除非另有说明,否则起始原料和溶剂购自Aldrich和Acrosorganics并且不用进一步纯化使用。分析型TLC在Merck60F254硅胶板上进行(0.25mm层厚),并用UV灯进行可视化。柱色谱法在Merck60硅胶上(230-400目)进行。NMR谱是在BrukerAvance300NMR波谱仪上记录的。化学位移报告为以百万分之一(ppm)为单位的δ,耦合常数报告为以赫兹(Hz)为单位的J值。所有化合物的质量是由AgilentTechnologies电喷雾电离源LC-MS测定的。使用GeminiXS荧光酶标仪进行荧光检测。
化合物1的合成:方案1中的中间体1如以前所报告的那样合成8。
CDr3的合成:将1(20mg,0.047mM)和3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛(16mg,0.094mM)溶解在乙腈(4ml)中,随后加入吡咯烷(23.6μl,0.282mM)与乙酸(16.1μl,0.282mM)的混合物。将反应加热到85℃持续15min,然后冷却至室温。将得到的粗混合物在真空下浓缩并通过正相柱色谱法纯化(洗脱系统:己烷/乙酸乙酯(6∶1)以得到为紫色固体的CDr3(15mg,产率56%)。
CDr3的表征
CDr3的1H和13CNMR谱图
1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3):2.28(s,3H),2.96(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),3.40(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),3.92(s,3H),3.97(s,3H),4.78(s,2H),6.30(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),6.71(s,1H),6.85(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),6.86(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.03(s,1H),7.12(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.16(dd,J=1.8,8.4Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),7.48(d,J=16.2Hz,1H)。
13CNMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3):11.3,23.7,29.6,33.0,55.9,56.0,56.1,74.0,94.9,109.6,110.4,111.1,116.2,116.6,121.6,122.1,122.2,126.7,129.2,133.6,139.1,143.0,149.3,150.8,171.0。
ESI-MSm/z(C25H24BCl3F2N2O4)计算值:571.1(M+H)+,实测值:551.1(M-F)。
荧光特性测试
制备DMSO中的10μM溶液并测定吸光度,制备DMSO中的2μM溶液并测定库化合物的吸收发射。CDr3谱示于图9中。
从胎鼠脑细胞悬液中分离神经干细胞
在37℃下将E14.5胚胎小鼠脑用0.25%胰蛋白酶的1mMEDTA溶液(Invitrogen)处理30分钟,然后用FBS中和。将该组织依次用10ml移液管然后用连接在10ml移液管的1ml蓝色尖端和0.2ml黄色尖端捣碎,直到细胞悬液顺利流过。通过反复重悬和离心用PBS洗涤该组织悬液3次,并通过40μm的过滤器过滤。如下文所述用CDr3、CD133抗体、SSEA-1抗体或Aldefluor将细胞染色,并FACS分选。在6孔板中以10,000个细胞/孔的密度将每个末端的2%FACS分选的明亮和暗淡的细胞以及未分选(随机收获)的细胞接种在含有10ng/mlbFGF、20ng/mlEGF和无维生素A的B27(Invitrogen)的DMEM/F12培养基中,以生长形成球体。培养6天后,测定从每个组产生的神经球的数量和大小。
CDr3
将解离的细胞与0.5μM的CDr3在神经球培养基中孵育1小时然后离心,在无化合物的神经球培养基中重悬30分钟。然后将该细胞离心并重悬在PBS中以用于FACS。关于对照组,用0.05%DMSO取代CDr3与该细胞孵育。
CD133抗体
将解离的细胞在1%BSA中封闭30分钟,然后与CD133抗体(1∶500)孵育1hr。通过离心和重悬将该细胞用PBS洗涤,然后与Alexafluor488-缀合的抗小鼠IgG(1∶1,000)孵育1hr。将染色的细胞样品再次洗涤,然后重悬于PBS中以用于FACS。关于对照组,省略一抗。
SSEA-1抗体
将解离的细胞在1%BSA中封闭30分钟,然后与SSEA-1抗体(1∶500)孵育1hr。通过离心和重悬将该细胞用PBS洗涤,然后与Alexafluor633-缀合的抗小鼠IgM(Invitrogen)孵育1hr。将染色细胞样品再次洗涤,然后重悬于PBS以用于FACS。关于对照组,省略一抗。
Aldefluor
在37℃下将细胞与活化的Aldefluor底物(5μl/ml)孵育30min。然后将所述细胞离心并重悬于Aldefluore测定缓冲液中以用于FACS。为了对照,将ALDH的特异性抑制剂二乙基氨基苯甲醛(5μl/ml)连同Aldefluore底物一起加入到细胞中。
系列神经球试验
神经球由上述方法(神经干细胞分离)制备的胎鼠脑细胞产生。通过传代两次而扩增后,将细胞以3,000个细胞每孔的密度一式三份接种于6孔培养板中,并在1μMCDr3或0.1%DMSO的存在下培养6天。6天后,对神经球的数量和大小进行了测定。为了系列测定,将神经球在含有1μMCDr3或0.1%DMSO的培养基中进一步传代。
NS5细胞增殖试验
将NS5以1000个细胞/孔的浓度接种于96孔板中(Greiner)。第二天,将DMSO和1mMCDr3的DMSO储备液分别加入到32个孔中,分别稀释至0.1%和1uM。在6小时和48小时的时间点,加入1ug/ml的Hoechst33342并孵育15min,以使用ImageXpressMicroTM和MetaXpressImaging系统(MolecularDevices)进行图像采集。通过DAPI和Texasred滤光片分别检测Hoeschst33342和CDr3信号,对每孔的总共4个区域中的图像进行捕捉。然后进行多波长得分分析,以基于Hoechst33342-染色的细胞核图像对细胞数进行定量。为进行BrdU脉冲标记细胞的定量,根据制造商的方案使用FITC缀合的抗BrdU抗体(BDPharmingenTM)将细胞染色。通过使用ImageJ-ITCN软件的基于图像的分析,计算Hoechst33342染色的和BrdU标记的细胞核的总数。
参考文献
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虽然本发明已参照其示例性实施方案进行了具体展示和描述,但是本领域技术人员可以理解,在不脱离由所附权利要求包括的本发明范围的情况下,可以在其中进行形式和细节上的各种改变。
Claims (16)
1.结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
R是(C6-C10)芳基或(C5-C10)杂芳基,所述杂芳基中至少一个碳原子被至少一个选自N、S和O的杂原子所置换;
并且其中R任选地取代有1-4个取代基,所述取代基独立地选自卤代(C1-C6)烷基、羟基(C0-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基、卤素、氨基或硝基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R任选地取代有1-4个-OCF3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中:
R是(C5-C10)杂芳基,其任选地取代有1-4个取代基,所述取代基独立地选自(C1-C6)烷氧基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基或羟基(C0-C6)烷基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R是芳基。
5.根据权利要求4所述的化合物,其中R是苯基。
6.根据权利要求5所述的化合物,其中R任选地取代有1-4个(C1-C6)烷氧基取代基。
7.根据权利要求5所述化合物,其中所述化合物是由结构式(II)表示的:
8.检测神经干细胞方法,包括:
a)用化合物染色所述神经干细胞,以通过所述化合物与所述神经干细胞之标志物蛋白的结合而形成染料染色的神经干细胞,其中所述化合物是结构式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
R是(C6-C10)芳基或(C5-C10)杂芳基,所述杂芳基中至少一个碳原子被至少一个选自N、S和O的杂原子所置换;
并且其中R任选地取代有1-4个取代基,所述取代基独立地选自卤代(C1-C6)烷基、羟基(C0-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基、卤素、氨基或硝基;
b)孵育步骤a)的产物以形成所述经孵育的染料染色干细胞;
c)使用流式细胞术和FACS分析所述经孵育的染料染色干细胞;以及
d)对所述染料染色的神经干细胞进行二维SDS-PAGE荧光扫描以检测荧光信号,其中信号的存在表明所述神经干细胞的存在。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中R任选地取代有1-4个-OCF3。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中:
R是(C5-C10)杂芳基,其任选地取代有1-4个取代基,所述取代基独立地选自(C1-C6)烷氧基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基或羟基(C0-C6)烷基。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中R是芳基。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中R是苯基。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中R任选地取代有1-4个(C1-C6)烷氧基取代基。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述化合物是由结构式(II)表示的:
15.根据权利要求8-14任一项所述的方法,其中所述神经干细胞是人或小鼠的神经干细胞。
16.根据权利要求8-14任一项所述的方法,其中所述标志物蛋白是脂肪酸结合蛋白7。
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