CN103296640A - Method for selecting direct-current protection electric appliance for electric power engineering direct-current system - Google Patents
Method for selecting direct-current protection electric appliance for electric power engineering direct-current system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electric power engineering direct-current system, in particular to a selective matching method of direct-current protection electric appliance. The method comprises a first step of determining a direct-current system network power supply mode, wherein a radiation-shaped power supply mode is applied to the direct-current system; a second step of calculating direct-current system short-circuit currents, wherein the short-circuit current calculation voltage gets nominal voltage and disregarding charging unit increase-assisting current and the direct-current motor feedback current in short-circuit calculation; a third step of improving exit terminating voltage of a storage battery set, wherein the terminating voltage of an accident discharging end which controls an exit of the special storage battery set is improved from the original 85% Un to 87.5% Un; a fourth step of determining selection requirements of each level of protective electric appliances, wherein a fuse protector is better used as an exit protective electric appliance of the storage battery set, a two-stage breaker is selected firstly to be applied to each level of feeder circuit breakers of the direct-current system, and when the two-stage breakers can not meet the requirement of selective matching, three-stage breakers are adopted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the power engineering direct current system, especially the method for direct current protecting electrical equipment selectivity cooperation.
Background technology
In the direct current system of power plant and transformer station; dc system protection electrical equipment selectivity cooperation situation can not be satisfactory; though each genco and grid company are paid much attention to the security of operation of direct current system; promulgated that direct current system separately is counter and arranged or administrative provisions; but the accident of direct current system generation dc switch overstep tripping still happens occasionally, and becomes one of factor of the normal operation of puzzlement power system device.
The main cause that causes non-selectivity to cooperate at present can be generalized into following points:
1. observing and controlling loop network design, calculation of short-circuit current need further standard;
2. two-period form direct current miniature circuit breaker C type release instantaneous operation wide ranges, dispersiveness are greatly;
3. voltage drop distribution and the cross-section of cable that each section cable allows in the direct current system selected not only reasonable need adjustment;
4. the direct current cabinet is random big to dividing electric cabinet and dividing electric cabinet to the load current of end-loopback to determine;
5. regulation dc circuit breaker the superior and the subordinate selectivity cooperates that to get 4 grades of foundations abundant inadequately;
6. observing and controlling return feeder and breaker terminal are selected for use and are lacked standardization, select for use excessive.
About dc system protection electrical equipment selectivity matching principle; because the dc circuit breaker selectivity cooperates calculating very complicated; with battery capacity and internal resistance; the cross-section of cable and pressure drop; the pattern of protection electrical equipment and the design of DC network are all in close relations; the selectivity that the variation of any parameter and DC network pattern all can influence direct current system the superior and the subordinate protection electrical equipment cooperates; therefore need to integrate batteries short-circuit current calculation method and calculating parameter; appropriateness improves storage battery dedicated group of outlet of control final discharging voltage; clear and definite radiation shape power supply layer level classification; set the load current of each current supply circuit; adjust each level cable and allow methods such as voltage drop distribution, verify to determine that direct current protecting electrical equipment the superior and the subordinate protect electrical equipment to cooperate coefficient (recently explaining with rated current) mutually by software calculating and actual product test.
Selectivity about voltage drop control method cooperates calculating; factor is numerous and diverse, variable element is a lot of because the selectivity of influence protection electrical equipment cooperates; in many variable elements; allow voltage drop if determine each section cable, then respective cable cross section, loop resistance, short circuit current, the superior and the subordinate's circuit breaker current compare etc. and can find the solution one by one.
Summary of the invention
Main technical solution problem to be solved by this invention is: eliminate the cooperation of direct current protecting electrical equipment selectivity and have hidden danger, improve the normal operation ratio of power system device.
The present invention proposes a kind of system of selection of the direct current protecting electrical equipment for the power engineering direct current system.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of system of selection of the direct current protecting electrical equipment for the power engineering direct current system is characterized in:
1. direct current system network power supply mode:
Direct current system recommends to adopt radiation shape supply power mode;
2. direct current system calculation of short-circuit current:
Calculation of short-circuit current voltage is got and is taken no account of charging device increasing-aid current and DC motor feedback current in rated voltage and the short circuit calculation;
3. improve batteries outlet final voltage:
For satisfied protection electrical equipment selectivity cooperates needs, the final voltage that the accident of storage battery dedicated group of outlet of control is discharged latter stage is brought up to 87.5%Un from original 85%Un;
4. determine that protection electrical equipment selections at different levels require:
Batteries outlet protection electrical equipment should adopt fuse, direct current system feeder line circuit breakers at different levels at first select the two-period form circuit breaker for use, when the two-period form circuit breaker can't satisfy the selectivity cooperation and requires, can adopt the syllogic circuit breaker.
Further, described radiation shape supply power mode is to adopt to concentrate the power supply of radiation shape or the power supply of layered radiation shape.
Further; the selectivity of voltage drop control method cooperates to be calculated; very complicated circuit breaker selectivity is cooperated calculating, changeable various parameters; set up database, verify mutually by calculating and actual product test according to method of the present invention; computer capacity has contained the operating mode of 210,000 groups of above permutation and combination, can determine that direct current protecting electrical equipment the superior and the subordinate protection electrical equipment cooperates coefficient table.
Direct current system calculation of short-circuit current voltage is got system's rated voltage in the above-mentioned direct current system calculation of short-circuit current.
Improve batteries outlet final voltage
Protect the electrical equipment selectivity to cooperate needs for satisfying, the final voltage that the accident of appropriateness raising batteries outlet is discharged latter stage is useful.The final voltage that the accident of storage battery dedicated group of outlet of control is discharged latter stage is brought up to 87.5%Un from original 85%Un; thereby respective cable resistance has been improved about 30%; relevant short-circuit current value is also descended near 30%; dwindle the superior and the subordinate's circuit breaker current ratio; reduce the cross-section of cable, be conducive to protect the electrical equipment selectivity to cooperate.
Adjust each section cable and allow voltage drop
Adjust each section cable permission voltage drop simultaneously, also proposing each section cable " requirement falls in minimum voltage ":
1 batteries is pressed △ Up=0.5%Un～1%Un to the cable pressure drop of direct current cabinet, and cable calculates 1.05 times of calculating that electric current is pressed 1 hour discharge rate electric current of storage battery, gets 5.5I10.
2 when adopt concentrating radiation shape supply power mode, and the direct current cabinet comprises to the allowable pressure drop of terminal load cable: the direct current cabinet is to the monitoring and protection cabinet, the whole cables from monitoring and protection cabinet control box to the primary cut-out terminal box.Allowable pressure drop is not more than under the prerequisite that 6.5%Un requires in overall presure drop between two sections cables, can adjust and distributes according to project situation.
1) the △ Up=3%Un of 110V system～6.5%Un calculates electric current and gets 10A.
2) the 220V system considers that part direct current cabinet is nearer from the direct current terminal loop, and the cross-section of cable of selecting generally is not less than 4mm2, calculating under the electric current 10A condition, the cable actual voltage-drop is less than 3%Un sometimes, and therefore △ Up=2%Un～4%Un calculating is pressed in pressure drop to the 220V system cable.
During 3 employing layered radiation shape supply power modes, the direct current cabinet is to the allowable pressure drop of terminal load cable
1) because the power plant direct current divides electric cabinet generally to be arranged in load center, nearer from direct current terminal load, load current is also smaller, and the cross-section of cable is generally selected for use and is not less than 4mm2, therefore, direct current divides between electric cabinet and the terminal load and allows voltage drop to calculate by △ Up=1%Un～1.5% Un.Concerning transformer station, when the part direct current divided electric cabinet far away from direct current terminal load, cable permission voltage drop can be done suitable adjustment.
2) voltage drop that allows between dividing direct current cabinet and direct current between electric cabinet was from being defined as △ Up=0.5%Un～1% Un originally, and to be revised as △ Up=3%Un～5% Un be very important and be necessary.Because by former regulation, this cable allows voltage drop too small, and it is bigger to calculate electric current, and it is very big that the cross-section of cable is selected for use, and the superior and the subordinate's circuit breaker outlet short circuit current is more or less the same, is difficult to realize that selectivity cooperates.
3) a minute electric cabinet cable load is calculated electric current and also made regulation, 64A (80A * 0.8) gets in the 220V system, the 110V system gets 80A (100A * 0.8) and calculates.In actual engineering, allow to do suitable adjustment according to the concrete condition of apparatus arrangement, but the overall presure drop that satisfies from the direct current cabinet to device end is not more than 6.5% requirement.
Protection electrical equipment selectivity cooperates the practicality requirement
Establishment protection electrical equipment selectivity cooperates table
Selectivity cooperation table in the rules appendix, contained in the direct current system a large amount of permutation and combination operating modes, can cooperate for selectivity between the miniature circuit breaker in the engineering design, selectivity cooperates between miniature and the breaker of plastic casing, selectivity is used between the breaker of plastic casing.
Standard protection electrical equipment at different levels selectivity cooperates requirement
1 clear and definite direct current system protection electrical equipment at different levels should all satisfy selectivity between the superior and the subordinate and cooperate requirement.
2 batteries outlet protection electrical equipment should adopt fuse, when battery capacity during less than 1000Ah, can consider to select for use with the subordinate circuit breaker between have the direct current breaker of plastic casing that optionally cooperates.
3 affirmation direct current systems feeder line circuit breakers at different levels recommend preferentially to select for use two-period form (instantaneous protection+inverse time lag overload protection) circuit breaker (comprising two-period form high accuracy and other type two-period form circuit breaker); cooperate when requiring when the two-period form circuit breaker can't satisfy selectivity, can consider to adopt syllogic (instantaneous protection+short time delay protection+inverse time lag overload protection) circuit breaker.
4 stipulate that clearly the upper and lower level of direct current system circuit breaker cooperates employing " current ratio " to explain.
DC network should adopt radiation shape supply power mode:
Concentrate radiation shape supply power mode, as shown in Figure 1:
1) the suitable selection standard type two-period form Type B release miniature circuit breaker of direct current terminal circuit breaker, the circuit breaker rated current is not more than 6A.
2) battery capacity 800Ah and following direct current cabinet feeder line circuit breaker selection standard type two-period form C type release miniature circuit breaker, the miniature circuit breaker rated current should not be greater than 63A.
3) the above capacity battery group of 800Ah when the short circuit current of circuit breaker installation place during greater than the specified short circuit breaking capacity 10kA of miniature circuit breaker at present, can adopt the higher miniature circuit breaker of specified short circuit breaking capacity or breaker of plastic casing.
Layered radiation shape supply power mode, as shown in Figure 2:
1) direct current divides electric cabinet feeder line circuit breaker should select the two-period form circuit breaker for use.Do not cooperate when requiring when standard type two-period form miniature circuit breaker does not satisfy selectivity, can adopt circuit breakers such as two-period form high accuracy, also can adopt the syllogic circuit breaker this moment.
Heat-resisting requirement and higher level protect electrical equipment to cooperate when 2) considering dc feeder cable end piece fault, and direct current divides electric cabinet feeder line circuit breaker rated current should not surpass 40A.
3) consider that instantaneous fast tripping protection may be failure to actuate when direct current divided electric cabinet cable feeder terminal or divides electric cabinet busbar fault, and overload long delay current protection principal's operate time is bigger to the DC bus-bar voltage influence.So direct current cabinet bus to direct current divides electric cabinet feeder line circuit breaker to recommend to select the syllogic circuit breaker for use, makes every effort to utilize its short time delay fast tripping protection, excises the fault point as far as possible fast, improves the direct current system reliability.
Dc circuit breaker short circuit dropout value range or trip setting
Standard type two-period form dc circuit breaker:
1 standard type two-period form miniature circuit breaker: Type B release instantaneous trip scope is 4In～7In; C type release instantaneous trip scope is 7In～15In;
2 two-period form breaker of plastic casing: instantaneous trip setting value 10In ± 20%;
The syllogic dc circuit breaker:
1 syllogic miniature circuit breaker: short time delay trip setting 10In～1200A, instantaneous trip operating value 1200A～1680A;
2 syllogic breaker of plastic casing: short time delay trip setting 10In ± 20%, 10ms instantaneous trip setting value 18In ± 20%;
To note when adopting the syllogic circuit breaker: the short time withstand current problem of circuit breaker when only selecting for use band short circuit short time delay protection or instantaneous trip not to have sensitivity coefficient.
High magnification two-period form minisize dc circuit breaker:
High magnification two-period form miniature circuit breaker instantaneous trip setting value 13In ± 10% or instantaneous trip scope 12In～15In.
The inventive method for protection electrical equipment selectivity cooperate reach contain wide (according to statistics; contain about 200,000 groups of convertible permutation and combination operating mode), accuracy height (estimate Yue Keda 80% and more than), improved the normal reliability of operation of electric power system DC equipment.The present invention optimizes the design of power engineering direct current system, has improved design efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the concentrated radiation shape supply power mode of embodiment 1 direct current system network power supply mode.
Fig. 2 is the layered radiation shape supply power mode of embodiment 2 direct current system network power supply modes.
Fig. 3, the computing network figure of embodiment 4.
Fig. 4, the calculated resistance figure of embodiment 4.
Fig. 5, the computing network figure of embodiment 5.
Fig. 6, the computing network figure of embodiment 6.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, concentrate radiation shape system protection electrical equipment selectivity to cooperate the type selecting reference table, see the following form:
Illustrate: 1. △ Up1=0.5%Un is pressed in batteries outlet cable L1 pressure drop, and calculating electric current is 1 hour discharging current (getting 5.5I10) of 1.05 times of storage batterys;
2. cable L2 calculating electric current is 10A;
3. circuit breaker S2 adopts standard type C type dc circuit breaker, and the instantaneous trip scope is 7In～15In;
4. circuit breaker S3 adopts standard type Type B dc circuit breaker, and the instantaneous trip scope is 4In～7In;
5. circuit breaker S
2Should be according to batteries Capacity Selection miniature circuit breaker or breaker of plastic casing, the dc circuit breaker breaking capacity should be greater than the outlet short circuit current of batteries.
Embodiment 2: as shown in Figure 2, layered radiation shape system protection electrical equipment selectivity cooperates the type selecting reference table, sees the following form:
Illustrate: 1. △ Up1=0.5%Un is pressed in batteries outlet cable L1 pressure drop, and calculating electric current is 1 hour discharging current (getting 5.5I10) of 1.05 times of storage batterys;
2. cable L2 calculates electric current: the 110V system is that 80A, 220V system are 64A, and it is 10A that cable L3 calculates electric current;
3. the instantaneous trip value of circuit breaker S3 high accuracy type circuit breaker is that the instantaneous trip scope of 13In ± 10%, circuit breaker S4 is 4In～7In;
4. circuit breaker S2 is the circuit breaker with the protection of short circuit short time delay, and the short time delay drop-away value is 10In ± 20%; The instantaneous trip value is 15In ~ 19In.
Illustrate: 1. the rated current of protection electrical equipment is pressed 〉=5.5I10, or presses 2 times of values selections of the maximum feeder line circuit breaker rated current of direct current cabinet bus, and both get big person.
2. when protection electrical equipment is selected circuit breaker for use; should select only to have the circuit breaker of overload protection and short time delay protection release; its short time withstand current should be not less than respective value in the table, and the time of short time withstand current should add the full opening time of circuit breaker greater than circuit breaker short time delay guard time.
Voltage drop method selectivity cooperates embodiment:
Embodiment 4:300MW unit layered radiation shape system.
Calculating parameter
If layered radiation shape 110V direct current system: valve-control sealed batteries selection capacity be 600Ah, batteries to the direct current cabinet distance by 20m calculate, direct current cabinet is to dividing the switchboard distance to calculate, divide switchboard to terminal load equipment average distance to calculate by 20m by 50m.
The cross-section of cable is selected and cable resistance calculates
Selective cooperation is required the cable in loop, and the cross-section of cable is selected to satisfy the ampacity requirement, and the voltage drop of cable simultaneously is not more than setting.Generally the cross-section of cable of selecting by the voltage drop requirement is bigger than the sectional area of selecting by the ampacity requirement.
1) the L1 cable is selected
The L1 cable calculates electric current should be greater than 1 hour discharge rate electric current of batteries, i.e. Ica1 〉=5.5I10=330A, cable allow voltage drop 0.5%Un≤△ Up1≤
1%UnPress the 5.5I10 electric current and select the long-pending 185mm of the cross-section of cable
2Calculate by voltage drop: S=ρ * 2L1 * I ca1/ △ Up1=0.0184 * 2 * 20 * 330/1.1=220.8mm
2, select 240mm
2Cable.△ Up1=0.0184 * 2 * 20 * 330/240=1.01V 1.01/110=0.92%Un meets the rules requirement.
2) the L2 cable is selected:
Calculating electric current according to rules L2 is 80A, presses ampacity and selects the long-pending 25mm of the cross-section of cable
2, calculate by pressure drop:
△ Up2=3%Un～5%Un gets 5%Un=5.5V, S=0.0184 * 2 * 50 * 80/5.5=26.8 mm
2, select 35 mm
2Cable.Its pressure drop is: △ Up2=0.0184 * 2 * 50 * 80/35=4.21V, 4.21/110=3.82%Un meets the rules requirement.
3) the L3 cable is selected:
The long-pending calculating of L3 cross-section of cable electric current is 10A, generally selects 4mm for use
2Its pressure drop is: △ Up3=0.0184 * 2 * 20 * 10/4=1.84V 1.84/110=1.67%Un requires △ Up3=1%～1.5%Un greater than rules.At this moment, the cross-section of cable is long-pending also can select 6mm for use
2, its pressure drop is: △ Up3=1.23/110=1.12%Un meets the rules requirement.But rules stipulate that also voltage drop can suitably be adjusted between L2 and the L3 cable, make two cable pressure drop sums be no more than 6.5%Un.Now if the L3 cable is selected 4mm for use
2, then two cable pressure drops of L2+L3 sum=3.82%Un+1.67%Un=5.49%Un is no more than the 6.5%Un requirement, so the L3 cable still can be selected 4mm for use
2Cable.
The primary election of protection electrical equipment
1) batteries outlet fuse F1 presses the 5.5I10=330A selection, selects NT2-355A for use;
2) direct current cabinet is to dividing switchboard power circuit breaker S2 by 〉=1.20In, selects 125A breaker of plastic casing (cooperate calculate the back and determine according to selectivity) temporarily for use;
3) divide switchboard to distribute electric screen isolating switch G1 to press=1.20In, select the 125A isolating switch for use;
4) divide switchboard to end-loopback power circuit breaker S3 by 〉=1.20In, rule of thumb select 32A miniature circuit breaker (cooperate calculate the back and determine according to selectivity) temporarily for use;
5) the interior breaker terminal S4 of observing and controlling cabinet (or switch cubicle) presses≤6A, selects 2A～6A Type B release miniature circuit breaker for use.
Selectivity cooperates computing network and resistance view
1) computing network figure as shown in Figure 3.
2) calculated resistance figure as shown in Figure 4.
Calculation of short-circuit current
1) according to computing network and resistance view, wherein:
R is 52 batteries internal resistances of 110V 600Ah, r=11.83m Ω;
RL1 is the resistance of cable L1, RL1=0.0184 * 2 * 20/240=3.1 m Ω;
F1 or S1 internal resistance are ignored;
RS2 is the internal resistance of S2 circuit breaker, RS2=0.4 * 2=0.8 m Ω;
RL2 is the resistance of cable L2, RL2=0.0184 * 2 * 50/35=52.5 m Ω;
Rg1 is the internal resistance of G1 isolating switch, Rg1=0.5 * 2=1.0 m Ω;
RS3 is the internal resistance of S3 circuit breaker, RS3=2.1 * 2=4.2 m Ω;
RL3 is the resistance of cable L3, RL2=0.0184 * 2 * 20/4=184 m Ω;
RS4 is the internal resistance of S4 circuit breaker, RS2=45 * 2=90 m Ω.
2) calculation of short-circuit current of each short dot is as follows:
The short circuit current that d1 is ordered is: Id1=110/ (r+RL1)=110/11.83+3.1=7.368kA;
The short circuit current that d2 is ordered is: Id2=110/ (r+RL1+RS2)=110/15.73=6.993kA;
The short circuit current that d3 is ordered is: Id3=110/ (r+RL1+RS2+ RL2+ Rg1)=110/69.23=1.589kA;
The short circuit current that d4 is ordered is: Id4=110/ (r+RL1+RS2+ RL2+ Rg1+RS3)=110/73.43=1.498kA;
The short circuit current that d5 is ordered is: Id5=110/ (r+RL1+RS2+ RL2+ Rg1+RS3+RL3)=110/257.43=427A;
The short circuit current that d6 is ordered is: Id6=110/ (r+RL1+RS2+ RL2+ Rg1+RS3+RL3+RS3)=110/347.43=317A.
Protection electrical equipment is selected and selectivity cooperates analysis
1) the S4 circuit breaker is selected
D6 point expection maximum short circuit current 317A.S4 circuit breaker selection standard type two-period form 6A Type B release minisize dc circuit breaker.Circuit breaker tripping device instantaneous trip value 7In=7 * 6=42A.Id6=317A＞42A, S4 circuit breaker action message.
2) the S3 circuit breaker is selected
A. S3 selection standard type two-period form C type release minisize dc circuit breaker
Divide switchboard feeder line circuit breaker should not surpass 40A by the rules regulation, select 40A release instantaneous trip value 7In=7 * 40=280A for use.Id6=317A＞280A, the S3 circuit breaker may move, and S3 cooperates non-selectivity with S4, and S3 can not selection standard type two-period form 40A C type release miniature circuit breaker.
B. S3 selects syllogic minisize dc circuit breaker for use
Syllogic miniature circuit breaker release characteristic, see the following form:
Syllogic miniature circuit breaker short circuit short time delay drop-away value wide ranges (10In～1200A), short circuit instantaneous trip value big (1680A).In this example, divide switchboard circuit breaker outlet d4 point short circuit expection maximum short circuit current 1.498kA, then the protection of the instantaneous short-circuit of S3 syllogic miniature circuit breaker does not have sensitivity coefficient, can only rely on the short circuit short time delay to thread off.When adopting the short circuit short time delay, the specified short time withstand current of dc circuit breaker should be greater than installing place maximum short circuit current, if the product short time withstand current that manufactory provides is greater than the mounting points prospective short circuit current, the short circuit short time delay time also meets the demands, and then can select for use rated current to be not more than the syllogic miniature circuit breaker of 40A.
C. S3 selects high magnification two-period form minisize dc circuit breaker for use
D6 point expection maximum short circuit current 317A, this circuit breaker instantaneous trip value 13In ± 10%(actuating range 11.7In～14.3In).Select 11.7In ﹥ Id6=317A for use by circuit breaker instantaneous trip negative value of error, then In ﹥ 27.1A S3 selects for use high magnification 32A circuit breaker can satisfy selectivity cooperation (table E-3-2 regulation S3 circuit breaker is selected 40A for use, is a range of choice that adaptability is wider).Now calculate by 40A: d6 point short circuit S3 circuit breaker (11.7 * 40=468A ﹥ 317A) is failure to actuate, and (1498A ﹥ 14.3 * 40=572A) action messages satisfy S3 and cooperate with the S4 selectivity and the sensitivity coefficient requirement d4 point short circuit S3 circuit breaker.If selecting the instantaneous trip value for use is that 12In～15In two-period form minisize dc circuit breaker also can satisfy selectivity cooperation and sensitivity coefficient requirement.
3) the S2 circuit breaker is selected
A. S2 selects the two-period form breaker of plastic casing for use
Because L2 feeder terminal d3 short dot and S3 outlet d4 short dot distance are very near, d3 point short circuit current 1.589kA and d4 point short circuit current 1.498kA differ very little, selectivity cooperates between S2 and the S3 circuit breaker in order to satisfy, and S2 is if select for use the two-period form circuit breaker to want 200A.Then the protection of S2 circuit breaker instantaneous short-circuit can not moved (10In ± 20%) when the short circuit of d3 point, can only disconnect the d3 short dot with the overload long delay, and the long delay time will surpass more than the 5s.At this moment, DC bus-bar voltage may drop to about 80%, and is bigger to the direct current system influence.
B. S2 selects the syllogic breaker of plastic casing for use
Syllogic breaker of plastic casing instantaneous trip value 18In ± 20%.The S2 circuit breaker is selected to press circuit breaker 14.4In ﹥ Id4=1.498kA, and In ﹥ 104.1A can select 125A circuit breaker (selecting 140A for use, is a range of choice value that adaptability is wider) for use, and S2 circuit breaker 〉=125A satisfies selectivity and cooperates requirement.S2 circuit breaker instantaneous trip sensitivity coefficient=2.31 ﹥ 1.2.
Syllogic circuit breaker short circuit short time delay drop-away value 10In ± 20% 10ms at feeder terminal d5 point short circuit Id5=1589A, selects the 125A circuit breaker for use, short circuit short time delay 10ms release energy action message; Select the short circuit short time delay dropout sensitivity coefficient 12 * 140=1680A of 140A circuit breaker for use, 1589/1400=1.14＜1.2, be in movably or not zone of short circuit short time delay 10ms dropout, can not guarantee action message, be about 1s more than when long delay thread off operate time if transship this moment.But better than selecting the two-period form breaker of plastic casing for use, in order to improve system safety and reliability, the S2 circuit breaker selects for use the syllogic breaker of plastic casing to need.
4) batteries outlet fuse F1 selects
Batteries outlet fuse F1 (establishes that the maximum circuit breaker of feeder line=140A) the two gets big person's selection, selects NT2-355A for use by 5.5I10=330A or the maximum circuit breaker rated current of feeder line two times.The short circuit current 6.993kA that d2 is ordered, the forearc face time about 40ms of fuse when the short circuit of d2 point.Satisfy F1 and cooperate requirement with the S2 selectivity.
5) batteries outlet breaker S1 selects
The S1 circuit breaker will be selected the syllogic breaker of plastic casing for use.The circuit breaker alternative condition is identical with fuse, selects the 350A breaker of plastic casing for use.Selectivity cooperates between S1 and the S2 circuit breaker in order to satisfy, S1 circuit breaker cancellation instantaneous trip part, with the short circuit short time delay thread off, short time delay drop-away value 10In ± 20%, the short time delay time 〉=circuit breaker short time delay time+30ms of subordinate.。Sensitivity coefficient: 10In * 120%=10 * 350 * 120%=4.2kA, 7.368/4.2kA=1.75 ﹥ 1.2.Circuit breaker short time withstand current 〉=8.5kA.
7. selectivity cooperates the result
Layered radiation shape system selectivity cooperates table as a result, as following table:
Illustrate: ICW--short time withstand current kA, ICu-rated short circuit drop-out current (short circuit breaking capacity) kA.
Embodiment 5:300MW unit is concentrated radiation shape system
1. system parameters:
Batteries: 52 storage battery intercell connectors of 600Ah 110V are hard the connection, and batteries is to direct current cabinet cabling length 20m, and the direct current cabinet is to limit switch cabinet cabling length 35m.
As shown in Figure 5, the grid figure of embodiment 2.Among the figure: L1 is that batteries is that the direct current cabinet is to limit switch cabinet cable to direct current cabinet cable, L2.
Cable and protection electrical equipment are selected
1) cable is selected:
The L1 cable is selected: according to rules, L1 calculates electric current and selects by 1 hour discharging current of batteries, i.e. 5.5I10=330A.
Press ampacity and select the long-pending 185mm2 of the cross-section of cable.Calculate by pressure drop: △ Up1 gets 1%Un according to rules≤1%Un, i.e. △ Up1=1.1V;
S=ρ * 2L1 * I/△ Up1=0.0184 * 2 * 20 * 330/1.1=220.8 mm2 selects 240 mm2 cables.
The L2 cable is selected: according to rules, this routine L2 cross-section of cable is long-pending to select 4mm2, and the calculating electric current is 10A.Therefore, its pressure drop is:
△ Up2=ρ * 2L2 * I/S=0.0184 * 2 * 35 * 10/4=3.22V draws: 3.22/110=3%Un.Meet rules and require (3%Un ~ 6.5%Un).
According to above-mentioned calculating: the L1 cable is selected NHYJV 2 (1 * 240) mm2 for use; The L2 cable is selected YJV 2 * 4 mm2 for use.
2) protection electrical equipment is selected
The S2 circuit breaker is selected: select the rated current of 6 times of S3 circuit breakers, namely 6 * 6=36A selects the 40A circuit breaker.
When the batteries outlet is selected to use fuse, select the 355A fuse.
When the batteries outlet is selected to use circuit breaker, select 350A that the circuit breaker of overload protection and the protection of short circuit short time delay is only arranged, its short time withstand current should be not less than 8.5kA.
. computational analysis
1) calculation of short-circuit current:
The short circuit current that d1 is ordered is: Id1=110/ (r+RL1).
The short circuit current that d2 is ordered is: Id2=110/ (r+RL1+RS2) (F1 or S1 internal resistance are ignored).
The short circuit current that d3 is ordered is: Id3=110/ (r+RL1+RS2+ RL2+ RS3) (F1 or S1 internal resistance are ignored).
Wherein:
R is the batteries internal resistance, r=11.83m Ω.
RL1 is the resistance of cable L1, RL1=0.0184 * 2 * 20/240=3.1 m Ω.
RS2 is the internal resistance of S2 circuit breaker, RS2=2.1 * 2=4.2 m Ω.
RL2 is the resistance of cable L2, RL2=0.0184 * 2 * 35/4=322 m Ω.
RS3 is the internal resistance of S3 circuit breaker, RS3=45 * 2=90 m Ω.
Id1=110/(r+RL1) =110/(11.83+3.1)=7370A。
Id2=110/(r+RL1+RS2)=110/(11.83+3.1+4.2)=5750A。
Id3=110/(r+RL1+RS2+ RL2+ RS3)= 110/(11.83+3.1+4.2+322+90) =255A。
2) selectivity cooperates analysis:
The short circuit that d3 is ordered:
S3 circuit breaker maximum instantaneous short-circuit protection (fast tripping protection) electric current 7In=7 * 6=42A.42A＜Id3=255A S3 circuit breaker action.The minimum instantaneous short-circuit protection of S2 circuit breaker (fast tripping protection) electric current 7In=7 * 40=280A.280A＞Id3=255A S2 circuit breaker is failure to actuate, and has selectivity.
The short circuit that d2 is ordered:
S2 circuit breaker maximum instantaneous short-circuit protection (fast tripping protection) electric current 15In=15 * 40=600A.600A＜Id2=5750A S2 circuit breaker action.
When fuse is selected in the batteries outlet:
F1 fuse operate time has selectivity greater than S2 circuit breaker operate time.When circuit breaker is selected in the batteries outlet: S1 circuit breaker short circuit short time delay (as 10ms) protection, during the action of S2 circuit breaker, be failure to actuate, have selectivity.Id2=5750A＜S1 short time withstand current 8500A meets the demands.
The short circuit that d1 is ordered:
When fuse is selected in the batteries outlet: the fuse inverse time-delay operation.
When circuit breaker is selected in the batteries outlet: the maximum short circuit short time delay of S1 circuit breaker operating current 10In * 120%=10 * 350 * 120%=4200A.4200A＜Id1=7370A, the deferred action of S1 circuit breaker.Id1=7370A＜S3 short time withstand current 8500A meets the demands.
. selectivity cooperates the result
Following table concentrates radiation shape system selectivity to cooperate table as a result:
Embodiment 6:300MW unit layered radiation shape system (moving control unification)
1. system parameters:
Batteries: 104 storage battery intercell connectors of 1500Ah 220V are hard the connection, and accumulator tank is to direct current cabinet cabling length 20m, and the direct current cabinet divides electric cabinet to limit switch cabinet cabling length 30m to dividing electric cabinet cabling length 50m.
As shown in Figure 6, among the figure: L1 is that batteries is to direct current cabinet cable; L2 is that direct current cabinet to direct current divides electric cabinet cable; L3 is that direct current divides electric cabinet to limit switch cabinet cable.
. cable and protection electrical equipment are selected
1) cable is selected:
The L3 cable is selected:
According to rules, this routine L3 cross-section of cable is long-pending to be 4mm2, and the calculating electric current is 10A.Therefore, its pressure drop is:
△Up3=0.0184×2×30×10/4=2.76V，2.76/220=1.25%Un。Meet rules and require (1%Un ~ 1.5%Un).
The L2 cable is selected:
According to rules, it is 64A that L2 calculates electric current, presses ampacity and selects the long-pending 16mm2 of the cross-section of cable, and its pressure drop is:
△Up2=0.0184×2×50×64/16=7.36V 7.36/220=3.35%Un。Meet rules and require (3%Un ~ 5%Un).
The L1 cable is selected:
According to rules, L1 calculates electric current and selects by 1 hour discharging current of batteries, i.e. 5.5I10=825A.Press ampacity and select the long-pending 500mm2 of the cross-section of cable, its pressure drop is: △ Up1=0.0184 * 2 * 20 * 825/500=1.21V 1.21/220=0.55%Un.Meet rules require (≤1%Un).
2) protection electrical equipment is selected:
The S3 circuit breaker is selected:
Select the rated current of 7 times of S4 circuit breakers according to table 11.2.Namely 7 * 6=42A selects the 50A circuit breaker, and according to this paper requirement, the L3 cable should be selected 6mm2 for use.
The S2 circuit breaker is selected:
According to table 11.2, select the rated current of 3 times of S3 circuit breakers.Namely 3 * 42=126A selects 125A to have the circuit breaker of short time delay protection.
The F1 fuse is selected: according to table 11.3, select the 1000A fuse.
. computational analysis
1) calculation of short-circuit current:
The short circuit current that d1 is ordered is: Id1=220/ (r+RL1).
The short circuit current that d2 is ordered is: Id2=220/ (r+RL1+RS2) (the F1 internal resistance is ignored).
The short circuit current that d3 is ordered is: Id3=220/ (r+RL1+RS2+ RL2+ RS3) (the F1 internal resistance is ignored).
The short circuit current that d4 is ordered is: Id4=220/ (r+RL1+RS2+ RL2+ RS3+ RL3+ RS4) (the F1 internal resistance is ignored).
Wherein:
R is the batteries internal resistance, r=9.672m Ω.
RL1 is the internal resistance of cable L1, RL1=0.0184 * 2 * 20/500=1.47 m Ω.
RS2 is the internal resistance of S2 circuit breaker, RS2=0.3 * 2=0.6 m Ω.
RL2 is the internal resistance of cable L2, RL2=0.0184 * 2 * 50/16=115 m Ω.
RS3 is the internal resistance of S3 circuit breaker, RS3=1.2 * 2=2.4 m Ω.
RL3 is the internal resistance of cable L3, RL3=0.0184 * 2 * 30/6=184 m Ω.
RS4 is the internal resistance of S4 circuit breaker, RS4=45 * 2=90 m Ω.
Therefore:
Id1=220/(r+RL1)=220/(9.672+1.47)=19745A。
Id2=220/(r+RL1+RS2)=220/(9.672+1.47+0.6)=18736A。
Id3=220/(r+RL1+RS2+RL2+RS3)=220/(9.672+1.47+0.6+115+2.4)=1703A。
Id4=220/(r+RL1+RS2+RL2+RS3+RL3+RS4)= 546A。
2) selectivity cooperates analysis:
The short circuit that d4 is ordered:
S4 circuit breaker maximum instantaneous short-circuit protection (fast tripping protection) electric current is: 7In=7 * 6=42A.42A＜Id4=546A，
The action of S4 circuit breaker.The minimum instantaneous short-circuit protective current of S3 circuit breaker is: 13 In * 90%=13 * 50 * 90%=585A.
585A＞Id4=546A, the S3 circuit breaker is failure to actuate, and has selectivity.
The short circuit that d3 is ordered:
S3 circuit breaker maximum instantaneous short circuit current protection is 13In * 110%=13 * 50 * 110%=715A, 715A＜Id3=1703A,
The action of S3 circuit breaker.The minimum instantaneous short-circuit protective current of S2 circuit breaker is: 18In * 80%=18 * 125 * 80%=1800A.
1800A＞Id3=1703A, the protection of S2 circuit breaker instantaneous short-circuit is failure to actuate, and has selectivity.At this moment, the short time withstand current of S2 circuit breaker should be greater than Id3=1703A.
The short circuit that d2 is ordered:
S2 circuit breaker maximum instantaneous short circuit current protection is: 18 In * 120%=18 * 125 * 120%=2700A.2700A＜Id2=18736A, S2 circuit breaker instantaneous short-circuit protection action.F1 fuse operate time has selectivity greater than in S2 circuit breaker operate time.
1 short circuit
:
The action of F1 fuse.
Selectivity result
Following is that layered radiation shape system (moving control unification) selectivity cooperates table as a result:
5. protection electrical equipment cooperates with cable
5.1 by GB 16895.5-2000 requirement: each short-circuit protective device should satisfy following two conditions:
1 breaking capacity should be less than the prospective short circuit current of protection installation place.
2 all electric currents that caused by short circuit on any point of loop should make conductor reach disjunction in time of limiting temperature of permission being no more than this electric current.
Be no more than the short circuit of 5s for the duration, time t E can calculate with following formula approx:
In the formula: t-duration (s);
K-conductor temperature coefficient, the copper conductor insulation: PVC≤300mm2 gets 115, XLPE and gets 143;
Id-short circuit current (A);
S-cross-section of cable (mm2).
Select the verification of cable tolerance limit temperature-time for use
The time of 1 L1 cable tolerance limit temperature
Known: k-conductor temperature coefficient, the copper conductor insulation: XLPE gets 143;
Id1—7.368(kA)；
S—240(mm2)。
Dc circuit breaker protection action excision fault time: t=tp+tb, wherein tp is the short time delay guard time, getting 30ms～60ms, tb is the full break-time of breaker of plastic casing, is 20～50ms to the maximum.Protection action excision fault time: t=tp+tb=110ms.
The duration of 240 (mm2) cable tolerance limit temperature is greater than fault clearing time.
The time of 2 L2 cable tolerance limit temperature
Known: k-conductor temperature coefficient, the copper conductor insulation: XLPE gets 143;
Id3—1589 (A)；
S—35(mm2)。
Dc circuit breaker protection action excision fault time: t=tp+tb, wherein tp is the short time delay guard time, getting 1s～1.5s, tb is the full break-time of breaker of plastic casing, is 20～50ms to the maximum.Protection action excision fault time: t=tp+tb=1.55s.
The duration of 35 (mm2) cable tolerance limit temperature is greater than fault clearing time.
The time of 3 L3 cable tolerance limit temperature
Known: k-conductor temperature coefficient, the copper conductor insulation: XLPE gets 143;
Id5—427 (A)；
S—4(mm2)。
Dc circuit breaker protection action excision fault time: t=tp+tb, wherein tp is the short time delay guard time, gets 1s, tb is that the full break-time maximum of miniature circuit breaker is about 10ms.Protection action excision fault time: t=tp+tb=1.01s.
The duration of 4 (mm2) cable tolerance limit temperature is greater than fault clearing time.
Appropriately select the cross-section of cable for use
During 1 employing layered radiation shape supply power mode, divide the voltage drop that allows between electric cabinet and the direct current terminal circuit breaker to be defined as 1%～1.5% direct current, and the voltage drop that direct current cabinet and direct current allow between dividing between electric cabinet is defined as 3%～5%.In actual engineering, allow to do suitable adjustment according to the concrete condition of apparatus arrangement.Be not more than 6.5% requirement by the overall presure drop from the direct current cabinet to device end, select the respective cable cross section respectively.
2 because the direct current cables section selection is very big to the influence that the electric selectivity of direct current protecting cooperates, and under the prerequisite that satisfies the voltage drop requirement, selects the standard cable cross section approaching with calculated value as far as possible, does not deliberately amplify the cross section.
Cooperating the relevant cross-section of cable with selectivity in 3 direct current systems is to be determined by the voltage drop that allows basically, much larger than the ampacity of needs, does not therefore need to consider environmental factor again and lay coefficient when the cross-section of cable is selected.
Claims (9)
1. system of selection that is used for the direct current protecting electrical equipment of power engineering direct current system is characterized in that:
1. direct current system network power supply mode: direct current system adopts radiation shape supply power mode;
2. direct current system calculation of short-circuit current:
Calculation of short-circuit current voltage is got and is taken no account of charging device increasing-aid current and DC motor feedback current in rated voltage and the short circuit calculation;
3. improve batteries outlet final voltage:
For satisfied protection electrical equipment selectivity cooperates needs, the final voltage that the accident of storage battery dedicated group of outlet of control is discharged latter stage is brought up to 87.5%Un from original 85%Un;
4. determine that protection electrical equipment selections at different levels require:
Batteries outlet protection electrical equipment should adopt fuse, direct current system feeder line circuit breakers at different levels at first select the two-period form circuit breaker for use, when the two-period form circuit breaker can't satisfy the selectivity cooperation and requires, employing syllogic circuit breaker.
2. the system of selection of a kind of direct current protecting electrical equipment for the power engineering direct current system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the radiation shape supply power mode that described direct current system adopts is to adopt to concentrate the power supply of radiation shape.
3. the system of selection of a kind of direct current protecting electrical equipment for the power engineering direct current system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the radiation shape supply power mode that described direct current system adopts is to adopt the power supply of layered radiation shape.
4. the system of selection of a kind of direct current protecting electrical equipment for the power engineering direct current system according to claim 1 is characterized in that direct current system calculation of short-circuit current voltage is got system's rated voltage in the described direct current system calculation of short-circuit current.
5. the system of selection of a kind of direct current protecting electrical equipment for the power engineering direct current system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, allows voltage drop simultaneously adjusting each section cable, has minimum voltage to fall requirement to each section cable:
Batteries is pressed △ Up=0.5%Un～1%Un to the cable pressure drop of direct current cabinet, and cable calculates 1.05 times of calculating that electric current is pressed 1 hour discharge rate electric current of storage battery, gets 5.5I10.
6. the system of selection of a kind of direct current protecting electrical equipment for the power engineering direct current system according to claim 2 is characterized in that, allows voltage drop simultaneously adjusting each section cable, has minimum voltage to fall requirement to each section cable:
When adopt concentrating radiation shape supply power mode, the direct current cabinet comprises to the allowable pressure drop of terminal load cable: the direct current cabinet is to the monitoring and protection cabinet, the whole cables from monitoring and protection cabinet control box to the primary cut-out terminal box; Allowable pressure drop is not more than under the prerequisite that 6.5%Un requires in overall presure drop between two sections cables, can adjust and distributes according to project situation:
1) the △ Up=3%Un of 110V system～6.5%Un calculates electric current and gets 10A;
2) △ Up=2%Un～4%Un calculating is pressed in the pressure drop of 220V system cable.
7. the system of selection of a kind of direct current protecting electrical equipment for the power engineering direct current system according to claim 3 is characterized in that, allows voltage drop simultaneously adjusting each section cable, has minimum voltage to fall requirement to each section cable:
When adopting layered radiation shape supply power mode, the direct current cabinet arrives the allowable pressure drop of terminal load cable:
1) direct current divides between electric cabinet and the terminal load and allows voltage drop to calculate by △ Up=1%Un～1.5% Un; Concerning transformer station, when the part direct current divided electric cabinet far away from direct current terminal load, cable permission voltage drop can be done suitable adjustment;
2) voltage drop △ Up=3%Un～5% Un that allows between direct current cabinet and direct current divide between electric cabinet;
3) calculate electric current for a minute electric cabinet cable load, 64A (80A * 0.8) gets in the 220V system, the 110V system gets 80A (100A * 0.8) and calculates; In actual engineering, allow to do suitable adjustment according to the concrete condition of apparatus arrangement, but the overall presure drop that satisfies from the direct current cabinet to device end is not more than 6.5% requirement.
8. the system of selection of a kind of direct current protecting electrical equipment for the power engineering direct current system according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described concentrated radiation shape supply power mode is as follows:
Wherein:
1) the suitable selection standard type two-period form Type B release miniature circuit breaker of direct current terminal circuit breaker, the circuit breaker rated current is not more than 6A;
2) battery capacity 800Ah and following direct current cabinet feeder line circuit breaker selection standard type two-period form C type release miniature circuit breaker, the miniature circuit breaker rated current should not be greater than 63A;
3) the above capacity battery group of 800Ah when the short circuit current of circuit breaker installation place during greater than the specified short circuit breaking capacity 10kA of miniature circuit breaker at present, adopts the higher miniature circuit breaker of specified short circuit breaking capacity or breaker of plastic casing.
9. the system of selection of a kind of direct current protecting electrical equipment for the power engineering direct current system according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described layered radiation shape supply power mode is as follows:
Wherein, 1) direct current divides electric cabinet feeder line circuit breaker to select the two-period form circuit breaker for use;
Do not cooperate when requiring when standard type two-period form miniature circuit breaker does not satisfy selectivity, can adopt circuit breakers such as two-period form high accuracy, can adopt the syllogic circuit breaker this moment yet;
Heat-resisting requirement and higher level protect electrical equipment to cooperate when 2) considering dc feeder cable end piece fault, and direct current divides electric cabinet feeder line circuit breaker rated current should not surpass 40A;
3) consider that instantaneous fast tripping protection may be failure to actuate when direct current divided electric cabinet cable feeder terminal or divides electric cabinet busbar fault, and overload long delay current protection principal's operate time is bigger to the DC bus-bar voltage influence; Direct current cabinet bus to direct current divides electric cabinet feeder line circuit breaker to select the syllogic circuit breaker for use.
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| CN110135041A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-08-16 | 中铁武汉勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Subway design for power supply and distribution optimized calculation method and device |
| CN111208369A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-29 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Method and device for calculating short-circuit current of direct-current system of nuclear power plant |
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Address after: 100120 Beijing city Xicheng District Street No. 24 Patentee after: NORTH CHINA POWER ENGINEERING CO., LTD. OF CHINA POWER ENGINEERING CONSULTING GROUP Patentee after: Shanghai Kaihua Power Supply Complete Set Equipment Co., Ltd. Address before: 100120 Beijing city Xicheng District Street No. 24 Patentee before: North China Electric Power Design Institute of China Power Engineering Consulting Group Corporation Patentee before: Shanghai Kaihua Power Supply Complete Set Equipment Co., Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20160214 Address after: 100120 Beijing city Xicheng District Street No. 24 Patentee after: NORTH CHINA POWER ENGINEERING CO., LTD. OF CHINA POWER ENGINEERING CONSULTING GROUP Patentee after: Shanghai Kaihua Power Supply Complete Set Equipment Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co., Ltd. Address before: 100120 Beijing city Xicheng District Street No. 24 Patentee before: NORTH CHINA POWER ENGINEERING CO., LTD. OF CHINA POWER ENGINEERING CONSULTING GROUP Patentee before: Shanghai Kaihua Power Supply Complete Set Equipment Co., Ltd. |