CN1402404A - DC system short circuit protection device - Google Patents
DC system short circuit protection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1402404A CN1402404A CN 02126652 CN02126652A CN1402404A CN 1402404 A CN1402404 A CN 1402404A CN 02126652 CN02126652 CN 02126652 CN 02126652 A CN02126652 A CN 02126652A CN 1402404 A CN1402404 A CN 1402404A
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Abstract
The protection device is suitable to the on-line protection of the short circuit failure at DC 220 voltage, +/- 110 voltage in power plants and transformer substations. The invention is realized through following steps. The detection circuit for the short circuit in the branch through the data collection circuit, A/D conversion circuit is connected to the industrial control computer. The detection circuit for the bus voltage through the data collection circuit, A/D conversion circuit is connected to the industrial control computer. The detection circuit for the state of the breaker through the optical isolation input circuit is connected to the industrial control computer. The current criterion is I is greater than or equal to Id, and the voltage criterion is U is less than or equal to Ud.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of short-circuit protection, belong to a kind of 220 volts of power plant, transforming plant DCs, DC system short circuit protection device of ± 110 volts of online protections of system short-circuit fault of being adapted to.
Background technology
Direct current system is the power supply of control in the electric power system, protection, signal and automatics etc., and its reliability is directly connected to the safety of electric power system.But because at present to the failure removal after the direct current system short circuit, still adopt traditional fuse method, and because a series of leftover problems such as dispersiveness that fuse exists and red brittleness, fuse takes place time and again bypasses the immediate leadership and moves the total fuse melting of DC power supply, cause dc power supply to disappear, cause the power system accident rapid spread to enlarge, cause catastrophic device damage of electric power system and systematic failures.Heat dropout dc circuit breaker of Cai Yonging and the CT constant-current source characteristic of utilizing current transformer go tripping circuit breaker (only limiting to the 6KV circuit breaker) method after DC power supply disappears in recent years, still fail to solve well the problem that the direct current system short trouble causes.The direct current system reliability is low to be the problem of a generality of electric power system existence, and Quan Guogedi transformer station, frequent DC power supply disappearance that occurs in power plant in recent years and the accident that causes the main equipment damage cause very big economic loss to electric power system.With regard to certain Utilities Electric Co., one #5 of power plant machine took place in 1988 to be become because of 6KV high-tension switch cabinet internal short-circuit, should be this cabinet or be at most that the dc insurance fusing of this section can be excised this short trouble, but the fuse of this section is not disconnected, but the direct current of master-control room always insures and fuses, and caused the master-control room DC power supply to disappear.Owing to lost DC power supply, the serious scaling loss of #5 generator, #5 transformer scaling loss, the serious scaling loss of big capacity isolating switch that #5 machine outlet cell is 3000 amperes, the fusing that the cement on the little indoor wall of this outlet is burnt by electric arc.Certain power supply administration's water river change in 1996 has taken place once because of 35KV high-tension switch cabinet internal short-circuit; the result causes whole transforming plant DC power supply to disappear; backup protection action far away is just with this accident excision, the transformer scaling loss that it is 120MVA that the result causes a 110kV rated capacity.At present, the main protection as the direct current system short circuit interruption has two kinds:
1 fuse still as the main means of the short-circuit protection of direct current system, still uses in power industry so far in a large number.With regard to short trouble cut-offs, its very one side of science is arranged.Its advantage is: disconnected utensil has good short circuit interruption performance, and interrupting process need not other operating power, can obtain relatively reasonably time cooperation according to the capacity collocation, and operation maintenance is simple.Its major defect is: the red brittleness problem of fuse.Because repeatedly, impulse current influences such as long-term combined floodgate, short circuit, its capacity easily changes; Dispersed big, though be the fuse of same capacity, same brand, also there is bigger difference in its actual blowout current; Because managerial problem easily causes and misuses; Can't realize the automatic switchover of DC loop power supply, change operational mode, the reliability of power supply is relatively poor.Because of there is the above-mentioned weak point that is difficult to overcome in direct current system self, so be prone to the disorder of protecting on the sequence of movement, the action of bypassing the immediate leadership causes DC power supply to disappear, and causes more major break down.The whole nation is annual, and therefore burning out large scale electrical power unit accident 3-4 plays the up to ten million units of direct economic loss.
2. dc circuit breaker method the method for band heat dropout is the more advanced DC system short circuit protection method that occurs in recent years, and it utilizes the thermal overload release setting current multiple of dc circuit breaker and trip time and the order that circuit breaker is adjusted in time-delay.Be used for exchanging advantages such as to have selectivity good, and operation maintenance is simple; Be used for direct current and the time difficulty of adjusting, excision is longer fault time, can not realize the automatic adjustment of operational mode.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of can be to the quick identification of direct current system short circuit accident and the DC system short circuit protection device of protection.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and it is that the branch, short-circuit testing circuit connects with industrial control computer through data acquisition circuit, A/D change-over circuit; The busbar voltage testing circuit connects with industrial control computer through data acquisition circuit, A/D change-over circuit; The circuit-breaker status testing circuit is isolated input circuit through light and is connected with industrial control computer; Industrial control computer utilization electric current criterion I 〉=Id formula 3, voltage criterion U≤Ud formula 4 are carried out computational discrimination; satisfy electric current, voltage criterion simultaneously; judge that then short trouble appears in direct current system, send control signal through selectivity logic criterion again and export to breaker protection tripping operation control circuit through the relay output circuit.
Branch, short-circuit testing circuit of the present invention and busbar voltage testing circuit are to be made of the Hall element that is contained in the direct current system working power, the working power of direct current system is set to three grades, a branch road is arranged on the first order bus, at least two branch roads on the bus of the second level, at least two branch roads are arranged on the third level bus, between the first order and second level bus is stand-by power supply, and the branch road on the stand-by power supply connects with third level bus.
Branch, short-circuit testing circuit of the present invention is to adorn the direct current Hall element on the plus or minus branch line of each branch road of first order bus, second bus, third level bus and on the plus or minus branch line of each branch road of stand-by power supply, described busbar voltage testing circuit is to adorn voltage hall sensor on first order bus, and dc circuit breaker is to be contained on the branch line of each branch road of three grades of buses and on the branch line of each branch road of stand-by power supply.
Understand that through experiment and on-the-spot table the present invention can diagnose the short trouble and the effective excision faulty components of direct current system rapidly, and in time drop into standby DC loop, improved the reliability of direct current system power supply.The emulation experiment theory structure is pressed Fig. 3 design; adopting ac rectifying power source is the direct current system power supply; with dc circuit breaker (maximum combined floodgate impulse current 6A) simulation impact load; the excessive damage equipment of fault current when preventing direct short-circuit; with 10 Ω inductive load analogue system short troubles; current ration with protective device reduces simultaneously, increases the voltage definite value, does impact load and short trouble experiment at 27-32 branch road end respectively.During the impact load experiment, switches at different levels are all motionless.Table 1 has provided simulation 27-32 branch, short-circuit fault, and its respective switch tripping operation or people are the experimental result that makes the switch tripping, and the experimental result of other branch road is similar with table 1 result, satisfies the designing requirement of three grades of formula current protections of direct current system.
Table 1 end branch short circuit experiment result
The fault end branch | The protection trip switch | Protection outlet time limit ms | The people is the tripping switch | The protection trip switch | Protection outlet time limit ms | The people is the tripping switch | The protection trip switch | Protection outlet time limit ms | Drop into emergency bypass | Haul oneself willingly into switch time limit ms |
3 grades | 32 | ?20 | ?32 | |||||||
2 grades | 26 | ?50 | ?26 | |||||||
1 grade | 20 | ?80 | ?21 ?22 | ?100 ?102 |
The present invention utilizes the hall sensing device to measure direct current system loop current, busbar voltage; adopt short circuit current, busbar voltage to make comprehensive criterion; quick identification high-voltage switch gear combined floodgate impulse current and short-circuit current have adopted Microcomputer Protection principle and the online detection of running status first in dc system protection.In above-mentioned test; device has correctly reflected the operation conditions of DC power-supply system in time; can implement quick identification and protection and warning effectively to short trouble; and can be according to system status; carry out the automatic adjustment of operational mode; reached the requirement of protective device reliability, selectivity, rapidity, sensitivity; having overcome existing fuse method disappears because of the fusing of bypassing the immediate leadership causes DC power supply; accidents caused rapid spread enlarges; cause catastrophic device damage of electric power system and systematic failures problem, improved the reliability of direct current system power supply.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is short circuit current, the voltage oscillogram of direct current system
Fig. 2 distinguishes the oscillogram of direct current system impulse current and short circuit current for the present invention
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the circuit structure of the embodiment of the invention
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the short-circuit detecting circuit of the embodiment of the invention
Fig. 5 is the program flow diagram of the embodiment of the invention
Embodiment
Before the explanation embodiment of the invention, electric current, voltage criterion are described in detail earlier: electric current, voltage criterion are to be provided by following background technology, the characteristics of direct current system maximum are that supply lines is short out, the short circuit current difference of the short circuit current of each branch and power supply head end is less, short circuit current is bigger, short dot and busbar voltage are very low, and its dynamic process is seen shown in Figure 1.Ordinate is electric current and voltage coordinate among the figure, and slogan banner is a time coordinate.Short circuit current curve I rose rapidly at the short circuit initial stage, entered stable state afterwards.The short-circuit voltage curve U reduced rapidly at the short circuit initial stage, also entered stable state afterwards.According to the capacity and the internal resistance of present domestic batteries, can press the steady-state value of short circuit current Id and busbar voltage Ud
Formula 1
Formula 2
Ud ≈ 10~20 (V) estimates that its dynamic mistake is similar to Fig. 1.
In the formula:
R-accumulator internal resistance E-direct current system storage battery electromotive force
Busbar voltage R-supply line D.C. resistance during the Ud-short circuit
Z-short dot equivalent impedance
Through experimental test and the analysis to the actual DC system, determining the key that realizes the direct-current short circuit protection is correctly to distinguish direct current system short circuit current and big load impact electric current.As shown in Figure 2, ordinate is electric current and voltage coordinate among the figure, and slogan banner is a time coordinate.Curve Id represents short circuit current among the figure, curve Id
zRepresent the protective device operating current, curve I
Max.rRepresent high-voltage switch gear impact load electric current, curve Ig is system's running current, and curve U gz represents operating voltage, and curve U d represents short-circuit voltage, curve U
0Be voltage threshold value, curve U
cFor system at big load impact function of current Down Highway voltage.The differentiation of big load impact electric current and short circuit current: as can be seen from Figure 2, if system's separate unit switch closes a floodgate, the electric current criterion and the voltage criterion of short circuit criterion do not satisfy short circuit condition; If the switch more than two closes a floodgate, the electric current criterion of short circuit criterion at this moment satisfies condition, but voltage criterion does not satisfy condition; If short trouble appears in direct current system, electric current, voltage criterion satisfy simultaneously.Different qualities according to short circuit current and impact load electric current, install one additional at the DC power supply place and measure the busbar voltage Hall element, direct current Hall element of cover on just (or negative) branch line of every power supply branch road, measure loop current, constitute the quick identification criterion of direct current system short trouble, can be expressed as: formula 3
I 〉=Id formula 4
In U≤Ud formula:
Id=KI
CmaxBe the Fault Identification current ration;
The voltage definite value of Ud-short trouble identification;
The K-safety factor;
I
Cmax-impact load current maxima;
In addition, to I, U adopts mean value smoothing to handle, and has improved the interference free performance that installs by digital filtering, can be expressed as:
Formula 5
Formula 6
The circuit block diagram of present embodiment DC system short circuit protection device as shown in Figure 3.Short-circuit detecting circuit is to comprise branch, short-circuit testing circuit 34, busbar voltage testing circuit 36.Branch, short-circuit testing circuit 34 is exported to industrial control computer 45 through data acquisition circuit 39 (PCLD8115 16 passages), A/D change-over circuit 43 (PCL818L) with signal; Busbar voltage testing circuit 36 is exported to industrial control computer 45 through data acquisition circuit 40 (PCLD811516 passage), A/D change-over circuit 44 (PCL818L) with signal; Circuit-breaker status testing circuit 37 is isolated input circuit 41 (PCLD-782) through light signal is exported to industrial control computer 45; Industrial control computer 45 is judged the signal utilization current/voltage of gathering, send control signal through selectivity logic criterion again and export to breaker protection tripping operation control circuit 38 through relay output circuit 42 (PCLD-785).With reference to Fig. 4, the setting of direct current system working power is at least three grades, a branch road is housed on the first order bus 1, at least adorn two branch roads on the second level bus 3, at least adorn two branch roads on the third level bus 4-6, at working power Surface Mounted Device power supply 2, the end of the branch road on the stand-by power supply 2 can connect with second level bus 3 or third level bus 4-6, branch road on the stand-by power supply 2 and second level bus 3, way on the third level bus 4-6 equates, branch road end on the first order bus 1 is to be connected on the second level bus 3, each branch road end of second level bus 3 is to connect on the third level bus 4-6, and each branch road end of third level bus 4-6 is to connect the direct current power supply loop load; Branch, short-circuit testing circuit 34 is at first order bus 1, second level bus 3, adorn direct current Hall element 7-19 on the plus or minus branch line of each branch road of third level bus 4-6 and on the plus or minus branch line of each branch road of stand-by power supply 2, dc circuit breaker 20-32 is contained in three grades of buses 1,3, each branch road of 4-6 and each branch road of stand-by power supply 2, the dc circuit breaker 20-26 of first order bus 1 and second level bus 3 branch roads is the dc circuit breakers with electronic breaking-closing operating mechanism, the circuit breaker 21-23 of stand-by power supply 2 branch roads is the dc circuit breakers with electronic breaking-closing operating mechanism, the busbar voltage testing circuit is a dress voltage hall sensor 33 on first order bus 1, the relay output circuit is to be contained in three grades of buses 1,3, the auxiliary contact in the breaking-closing operating loop of the dc circuit breaker 20-32 on each branch road of 4-6 and each branch road of stand-by power supply 2, circuit-breaker status testing circuit 37 are to be contained in three grades of buses 1,3, on the dc circuit breaker 20-32 on each branch road of 4-6 and each branch road of stand-by power supply 2 with the corresponding auxiliary contact in circuit-breaker switching on-off position.Circuit breaker trip control circuit 38 is the divide-shut brake coils on the dc circuit breaker 20-32 that is contained on each branch road of each branch road of three grades of buses 1,3,4-6 and stand-by power supply 2.Export to industrial control computer 45 by loop current signals and bus voltage signal that Hall element is measured through data acquisition circuit 39,40, A/D change-over circuit 43,44, industrial control computer 45 utilization electric current criterion I 〉=Id formulas 3, voltage criterion U≤Ud formula 4 are carried out computational discrimination, if satisfy electric current, voltage criterion simultaneously, then short trouble appears in direct current system, after determining short circuit, optionally short dot is judged with following logic criterion again and excised; It is as follows that the logic criterion is provided with concrete constructive method:
1) third level: quick-break current protection, circuit breaker 27-32.Need and to expand in the corresponding levels as system development, increase branch road; Fault at the corresponding levels, direct action is in tripping operation;
2) second level, the quick-break current protection of prescribing a time limit, circuit breaker 24-26.Fault at the corresponding levels, direct action is in tripping operation; The third level has protection action and short-circuit signal, but third level switch motion failure, and still there is the Δ t tripping operation of delaying time this moment in short circuit;
3) first order, specified time current protection, circuit breaker 20.Fault at the corresponding levels, direct action is in tripping operation; There are protection action and short-circuit signal in the second level, but the switch motion failure, and still there is the Δ t tripping operation of delaying time this moment in short circuit; The third level has protection action and short-circuit signal, but the second level nearly stand-by power supply protection switch baulk, and still there is the 2 Δ t tripping operation of delaying time this moment in short circuit;
The stand-by power supply current supply circuit is hauled oneself willingly into, circuit breaker 21-23.
When first order protection action excision fault, the automatic closing switch 21-23 of in time the close second level or the third level, the power supply of other normal branch road.
The programming of the logic criterion of Gou Chenging as stated above, those skilled in the art were familiar with genus, so this no longer auspicious stating.
The flow process indication of Fig. 5 is first round short-circuit detecting that system is carried out in short-circuit detecting step 46, enter short circuit determination step 47 again, if completely short trouble appears in electric current criterion I 〉=Id formula 3, voltage criterion U≤4 judgements of Ud formula simultaneously, enter alarming step 52 and tripping operation step 53 again; If no short trouble, that carries out that short-circuit detecting step 48, discriminating step 49 carry out second takes turns short-circuit detecting again, if short trouble occurs in detecting, then enters alarming step 52 and enters the step 53 that trips and excise short trouble selectively; If second takes turns the short-circuit detecting fault-free, carry out the third round short-circuit detecting of short-circuit detecting step 50, discriminating step 51 execution again, if short trouble is arranged, then by first round method excision short trouble.First define short trouble to three-wheel after, according to the result of determination excision fault of logic criterion, and determine whether to enter that stand-by power supply drops into discriminating step 54, stand-by power supply drops into step 55; After carrying out the third round short-circuit detecting, enter interruption controls step 56, whether decision continues program execution process 46, perhaps withdraws from step 57.The programming of the step in the above-mentioned flow chart, those skilled in the art were familiar with genus, so this no longer auspicious stating.
Claims (3)
1. DC system short circuit protection device, it is characterized in that: it is that branch, short-circuit testing circuit (34) connects with industrial control computer (45) through data acquisition circuit (39), A/D change-over circuit (43); Busbar voltage testing circuit (36) connects with industrial control computer (45) through data acquisition circuit (40), A/D change-over circuit (44); Circuit-breaker status testing circuit (37) is isolated input circuit (41) through light and is connected with industrial control computer (45); Industrial control computer (45) utilization electric current criterion I 〉=Id formula 3, voltage criterion U≤Ud formula 4 are carried out computational discrimination; satisfy electric current, voltage criterion simultaneously; judge that then short trouble appears in direct current system; send control signal through selectivity logic criterion again and export to breaker protection tripping operation control circuit (38), Id=KI in the formula 3 through relay output circuit (42)
CmaxBe Fault Identification current ration, K-safety factor; The voltage definite value of Ud in the formula 4-short trouble identification.
2; DC system short circuit protection device according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described branch, short-circuit testing circuit (34) and busbar voltage testing circuit (36) are to be made of the Hall element in working power that is contained in direct current system and the stand-by power supply; the direct current system working power is at least three grades; a branch road is housed on the first order bus (1); second level bus is equipped with at least two branch roads on (3); third level bus is equipped with at least two branch roads on (4); at working power Surface Mounted Device power supply (2), the end of the branch road on the stand-by power supply (2) connects with second level bus (3) or third level bus (4-6).
3, DC system short circuit protection device according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: branch, short-circuit testing circuit (34) is to adorn direct current Hall element (7-19) on the plus or minus branch line of each branch road of first order bus (1), second level bus (3), third level bus (4-6) and on the plus or minus branch line of each branch road of stand-by power supply (2); busbar voltage testing circuit (36) is to go up dress voltage hall sensor (33) at first order bus (1), at each branch road of three grades of buses (1,3,4-6) and each branch road dress dc circuit breaker (20-32) of stand-by power supply (2).
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CNB021266522A CN1323476C (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2002-07-23 | DC system short circuit protection device |
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CNB021266522A CN1323476C (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2002-07-23 | DC system short circuit protection device |
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CN1402404A true CN1402404A (en) | 2003-03-12 |
CN1323476C CN1323476C (en) | 2007-06-27 |
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