CN103291392A - ORC (organic Rankine cycle) power generation system and method - Google Patents
ORC (organic Rankine cycle) power generation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103291392A CN103291392A CN2013102002435A CN201310200243A CN103291392A CN 103291392 A CN103291392 A CN 103291392A CN 2013102002435 A CN2013102002435 A CN 2013102002435A CN 201310200243 A CN201310200243 A CN 201310200243A CN 103291392 A CN103291392 A CN 103291392A
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Abstract
The invention discloses ORC (organic Rankine cycle) power generation system and method in order to improve utilization rate of heat energy. The system mainly comprises a heat exchanger, a power output device, a power generator, a circulating pump and a condenser, wherein the heat exchanger is connected with a heat source and the power generator is connected with the power output device. The system further comprises a heat regenerator, and the heat regenerator is used for organic medium exhausted from the power output device to exchange heat with organic medium exhausted from the circulating pump so that residual heat of the organic medium exhausted from the power output device is fully utilized. The system for power generation has the advantages that heat energy is utilized effectively and energy resources can be saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power generation system and electricity-generating method, relate in particular to a kind of ORC power generation system and electricity-generating method thereof.
Background technique
Metallurgy, chemical industry, iron and steel, oil, rock gas, cement, glass, pottery, sugaring, etc. industry the manufacturing equipment a large amount of low-grade industrial waste gas and the used heat that produce in producing, and geothermal power generally all be in the low temperature field.The temperature range of middle temperature is generally 400-650 ℃, and low temperature refers generally to waste gas and the used heat temperature less than 400 ℃.
Adopt the Rankine cycle of traditional water medium in middle low temperature field, because the boiling point of water is higher, the gasification latent heat height, whole system will have very most of by condenser heat release waste from the caloric receptivity of low-temperature heat source, and system effectiveness is very low.And generally can't reclaim generating utilization to the low-temperature heat source that is lower than 150 ℃.
ORC organic Rankine circulation just, the power generation system of utilizing this Technology design to become is the ORC power generation system.At present, existing ORC power generation system generally comprise two heat exchangers, power take-off, with power take-off generator coupled and a recycle pump.For example " refrigeration journal " February in 2012, the 33rd the 1st phase of volume disclosed an above-mentioned ORC power generation system.And Chinese patent publication number CN1950591A also discloses a similar ORC power generation system.Each device in the above-mentioned this power generation system links to each other and forms a circulation loop.Organic media circulates in this loop.One of them heat exchanger links to each other with thermal source and carries out heat exchange, and organic working medium is heated into steam condition, and the organic media of steam condition enters the power take-off acting, and power take-off drives generator for electricity generation.Organic working medium then enters another heat exchanger and carries out condensation formation liquid, and this heat exchanger is condenser just.The organic working medium that is cooled forms the overcooled liquid state under the pressure effect of recycle pump, enter then with heat exchanger that thermal source links to each other in.Generate electricity by above-mentioned circulation.Existing this power generation system has the following disadvantages: 1, organic working medium is gone back reserve part heat energy after through the power take-off acting, and these heat energy are slatterned by the condenser heat release, and system effectiveness is very low.2, system is through after using for a long time, and inner organic working medium generation loss can't in time replenish.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves provides a kind of ORC power generation system that improves the heat energy utilization rate.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
The ORC power generation system, comprise the heat exchanger that links to each other with thermal source, power take-off, clutch end generator coupled with power take-off, recycle pump and condenser, described heat exchanger comprises the thermal source entrance, the thermal source outlet, heat exchanger organic working medium entrance and the outlet of heat exchanger organic working medium, power take-off comprises output unit organic working medium entrance and the outlet of output unit organic working medium, the outlet of heat exchanger organic working medium links to each other with output unit organic working medium entrance, condenser comprises condenser organic working medium entrance and the outlet of condenser organic working medium, also comprise regenerator, be provided with the first heat exchange road between the first organic working medium entrance of regenerator and the outlet of first organic working medium, be provided with the second heat exchange road between the second organic working medium entrance of regenerator and the outlet of second organic working medium, the first organic working medium entrance of regenerator links to each other with the outlet of output unit organic working medium, first organic working medium outlet of regenerator links to each other with condenser organic working medium entrance, the outlet of condenser organic working medium links to each other with the second organic working medium entrance of regenerator by recycle pump, and second organic working medium outlet of regenerator links to each other with heat exchanger organic working medium entrance.
By regenerator is set, the residue heat energy of the organic working medium that the device that can output power is discharged takes full advantage of, and utilizes this part heat energy to heat the supercooled liquid organic working medium.
Further be: also be connected with liquid container between described condenser and the recycle pump, described liquid container is provided with the organic working medium supplementary device.
Further be: the thermal source ingress of described heat exchanger is provided with current equalizer.
Further be: described power take-off is the ORC turbine.
Further be: described ORC turbine is provided be used to the sealing configuration that prevents that organic working medium from leaking.
The present invention also provides a kind of electricity-generating method that adopts above-mentioned ORC power generation system, by heat exchanger organic working medium in the system is heated into gaseous state, impel the power take-off acting to drive generator for electricity generation by the gaseous state organic working medium, organic working medium after power take-off will be done work is cooled to liquid state through entering condenser behind the first heat exchange road of regenerator, liquid organic working medium forms the supercooled liquid organic working medium through the recycle pump pressurization, the supercooled liquid organic working medium enters the heat of the gaseous state organic working medium in the first heat exchange road that absorbs regenerator behind the second heat exchange road of regenerator, enters in the heat exchanger then.
Further be: also be connected with liquid container between described condenser and the recycle pump, described liquid container is provided with the organic working medium supplementary device, replenishes organic working medium by the organic working medium supplementary device in system.
Further be: the thermal source ingress of described heat exchanger is provided with current equalizer.
Further be: described power take-off is the ORC turbine, leaks by being provided with the organic working medium that sealing configuration prevents ORC turbine inside on the described ORC turbine.
Further be: the pressure of intrasystem organic working medium is more than or equal to system's external pressure.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, can reclaim heat energy in the waste gas in middle low temperature field, can effectively utilize this part heat energy to generate electricity.Can fully recycle the residue heat energy of the organic working medium of power take-off discharge by regenerator.
2, can play the effect of buffering by liquid container on the one hand, guarantee that organic working medium continues circulation smoothly in system, on the other hand also can be in time replenishing organic working medium in the system.
3, the thermal source that enters in the heat exchanger can also can be gaseous state for liquid state, the uniformity that flows of gaseous state thermal source or liquid heat source can impact the temperature of organic working medium, the temperature fluctuation of organic working medium can exert an influence to the physical property of organic working medium again, therefore is conducive to guarantee the long-term proper functioning of organic working medium by current equalizer is set.
4, by sealing configuration is set, can carry out excellent sealing to the ORC turbine, prevent the organic working medium leakage.
5, the pressure of intrasystem organic working medium just more than or equal to the pressure of external environment condition, can prevent that extraneous gas from entering the rerum natura of destroying organic working medium in the system more than or equal to system's external pressure like this.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of ORC power generation system of the present invention;
Be labeled as among the figure: heat exchanger 1, thermal source entrance 11, heat exchanger organic working medium outlet 12, thermal source outlet 13, heat exchanger organic working medium entrance 14, power take-off 2, output unit organic working medium entrance 21, clutch end 22, output unit organic working medium outlet 23, generator 3, regenerator 4, the first organic working medium entrances 41, first organic working medium outlet 42, the second organic working medium entrance, 44, the second organic working medium outlet 43, condenser 5, condenser organic working medium entrance 51, condenser organic working medium outlet 52, liquid container 6, ring pump 7.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, ORC power generation system of the present invention, comprise the heat exchanger 1 that links to each other with thermal source, power take-off 2, clutch end 22 generator coupled 3 with power take-off 2, recycle pump 7 and condenser 5, described heat exchanger 1 comprises thermal source entrance 11, thermal source outlet 13, heat exchanger organic working medium entrance 14 and heat exchanger organic working medium outlet 12, power take-off 2 comprises output unit organic working medium entrance 21 and output unit organic working medium outlet 23, heat exchanger organic working medium outlet 12 links to each other with output unit organic working medium entrance 21, condenser 5 comprises condenser organic working medium entrance 51 and condenser organic working medium outlet 52, also comprise regenerator 4, be provided with the first heat exchange road between the first organic working medium entrance 41 of regenerator 4 and first organic working medium outlet 42, be provided with the second heat exchange road between the second organic working medium entrance 44 of regenerator 4 and second organic working medium outlet 43, the first organic working medium entrance 41 of regenerator 4 links to each other with output unit organic working medium outlet 23, first organic working medium of regenerator 4 outlet 42 links to each other with condenser organic working medium entrance 51, condenser organic working medium outlet 52 links to each other with the second organic working medium entrance 44 of regenerator 4 by recycle pump 7, and second organic working medium of regenerator exports 43 and links to each other with heat exchanger organic working medium entrance 14.The thermal source that enters in the heat exchanger 1 can be conduction oil, can be flue gas, can be water vapour etc.Above-mentioned regenerator 4 also is a kind of heat exchanger, and its principle is identical with heat exchanger, is used for exactly the heat of the organic working medium in the first heat exchange road and the heat of the organic working medium in the second heat exchange road are exchanged.Above-mentioned condenser can adopt air cooling to get final product.The flow direction of thermal source is opposite with the flow direction of organic working medium, and this form is called countercurrent heat-transfer, conducts heat otherwise be called following current.Countercurrent heat-transfer can effectively reduce the heat exchanger heat exchange area than following current heat transfer efficiency height, reduces the device fabrication cost.Therefore be preferably countercurrent heat-transfer.
During use, by heat exchanger 1 organic working medium in the system is heated into gaseous state, impel power take-off 2 actings to drive generator 3 generatings by the gaseous state organic working medium, organic working medium after power take-off 2 will be done work is cooled to liquid state through entering condenser 5 behind the first heat exchange road of regenerator 4, liquid organic working medium forms the supercooled liquid organic working medium through recycle pump 7 pressurizations, the supercooled liquid organic working medium enters the heat of the gaseous state organic working medium in the first heat exchange road that absorbs regenerator 4 behind the second heat exchange road of regenerator 4, enters in the heat exchanger then.Organic working medium according to the method described above in system constantly circular work generate electricity.Compared with prior art, owing to be provided with regenerator 4, the heat energy of the organic working medium that power take-off 2 is discharged can obtain utilizing, and then can improve the utilization ratio of heat energy.
Because organic working medium can be lossy in system, in order to keep the normal circulation of organic working medium in the system, need in time in system, to replenish organic working medium.As shown in Figure 1, on the basis of the above, also be connected with liquid container 6 between described condenser 5 and the recycle pump 7, described liquid container is provided with the organic working medium supplementary device.Above-mentioned organic working medium supplementary device can be a valve, or is one and has straight tube of valve etc.When needs replenish organic working medium in the liquid container 6, but Open valve replenishes organic working medium in liquid container 6, replenishes the back throttle down that finishes and gets final product.Certain above-mentioned organic working medium supplementary device can also comprise a liquid level detector, after the liquid level in the liquid container 6 is lower than the standard liquid level, liquid level detector is transferred to control system with signal, and control system is passed through Open valve, and carries organic working medium by transport tube in liquid container 6.
Further be, because the temperature variation of the thermal source in the heat exchanger 1 can influence the temperature variation of organic working medium, the temperature fluctuation of organic working medium can exert an influence to the physical property of organic working medium again, therefore in order to make the work of organic working medium long-term stability, the thermal source ingress of described heat exchanger 1 is provided with current equalizer.Because it is multiple that the form of thermal source has, for this thermal source of flue gas, it flows, and whether even temperature fluctuation for the organic working medium in the heat exchanger 1 has considerable influence.By current equalizer is set, can make the flow of flue gas that enters in the heat exchanger 1 even, make the temperature of organic working medium fluctuation can not occur.Above-mentioned current equalizer can be with flue gas flow equalizing device of the prior art.For simplified structure, above-mentioned current equalizer can be a plurality of steel plates that from top to bottom set gradually, and has a plurality of vents on the steel plate, make flue gas pass through a plurality of steel plates successively, reach the purpose of current-sharing, make flow of flue gas smooth and easy, do not produce eddy current or the local flue gas dead band that forms.
Above-mentioned power take-off 2 can be a decompressor, is preferably: described power take-off 2 is the ORC turbine.When power take-off 2 is the ORC turbine, leak in order to prevent its inner organic working medium, can corresponding sealing configuration be set at the ORC turbine.The sealing structure can comprise medium-tight, mechanical seal or unite use with two kinds.Medium-tight is just by arranging corresponding sealing configuration, makes to fill sealing medium in the sealing configuration, and the pressure of sealing medium is greater than the pressure of the organic working medium of gaseous state, can prevent that like this organic working medium from leaking.Mechanical seal is by a pair of or several the end face doing perpendicular to axle to slide is relatively kept down fitting and is equipped with auxiliary seal and reaches the gland seal device of resistance leakage in elastic force (or magnetic force) effect of hydrodynamic pressure and compensation mechanism.Above-mentioned mechanical seal and medium-tight are two kinds of common sealing means.Preferably both are applied in simultaneously on the ORC turbine and use as sealing configuration, sealing effect will be far longer than single effect of planting sealing.For example can medium-tight be set in the periphery of mechanical seal structure.
On the basis of the above, in order to prevent the leakage of intrasystem organic working medium, system is in operation process, and the pressure of intrasystem organic working medium is more than or equal to system's external pressure.Just make the pressure of organic working medium more than or equal to the pressure of external environment condition, the outer gas of anti-locking system enters the physical property of destroying organic working medium in the system.Concrete, can select the organic working medium of suitable boiling point according to system for use, the pressure of the interior organic working medium of feasible system is more than or equal to system's external pressure like this.Such measure is the most favourable for condenser, can guarantee that condenser moves under normal pressure or micro positive pressure condition, reduces the condenser cost of investment.
Claims (10)
1.ORC power generation system, comprise the heat exchanger (1) that links to each other with thermal source, power take-off (2), clutch end (22) generator coupled (3) with power take-off (2), recycle pump (7) and condenser (5), described heat exchanger (1) comprises thermal source entrance (11), thermal source outlet (13), heat exchanger organic working medium entrance (14) and heat exchanger organic working medium outlet (12), power take-off (2) comprises output unit organic working medium entrance (21) and output unit organic working medium outlet (23), heat exchanger organic working medium outlet (12) links to each other with output unit organic working medium entrance (21), condenser (5) comprises condenser organic working medium entrance (51) and condenser organic working medium outlet (52), it is characterized in that: also comprise regenerator (4), be provided with the first heat exchange road between the first organic working medium entrance (41) of regenerator (4) and first organic working medium outlet (42), be provided with the second heat exchange road between the second organic working medium entrance (44) of regenerator (4) and second organic working medium outlet (43), the first organic working medium entrance (41) of regenerator (4) links to each other with output unit organic working medium outlet (23), first organic working medium outlet (42) of regenerator (4) links to each other with condenser organic working medium entrance (51), condenser organic working medium outlet (52) links to each other with the second organic working medium entrance (44) of regenerator (4) by recycle pump (7), and second organic working medium outlet (43) of regenerator links to each other with heat exchanger organic working medium entrance (14).
2. ORC power generation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: also be connected with liquid container (6) between described condenser (5) and the recycle pump (7), described liquid container is provided with the organic working medium supplementary device.
3. ORC power generation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the thermal source ingress of described heat exchanger (1) is provided with current equalizer.
4. ORC power generation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described power take-off (2) is the ORC turbine.
5. ORC power generation system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described ORC turbine is provided be used to the sealing configuration that prevents that organic working medium from leaking.
6. adopt the electricity-generating method of the described ORC power generation system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: by heat exchanger (1) organic working medium in the system is heated into gaseous state, impel power take-off (2) acting to drive generator (3) generating by the gaseous state organic working medium, enter condenser (5) behind the first heat exchange road of organic working medium after power take-off (2) will be done work through regenerator (4) and be cooled to liquid state, liquid organic working medium forms the supercooled liquid organic working medium through recycle pump (7) pressurization, the supercooled liquid organic working medium enters the heat of the gaseous state organic working medium in the first heat exchange road that absorbs regenerator (4) behind the second heat exchange road of regenerator (4), enters in the heat exchanger then.
7. electricity-generating method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: also be connected with liquid container (6) between described condenser (5) and the recycle pump (7), described liquid container is provided with the organic working medium supplementary device, replenishes organic working medium by the organic working medium supplementary device in system.
8. electricity-generating method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the thermal source ingress of described heat exchanger (1) is provided with current equalizer.
9. electricity-generating method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described power take-off (2) is the ORC turbine, leaks by being provided with the organic working medium that sealing configuration prevents ORC turbine inside on the described ORC turbine.
10. electricity-generating method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the pressure of intrasystem organic working medium is more than or equal to system's external pressure.
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Application publication date: 20130911 |