CN103289812B - Method for processing low-cholesterol and high-purity crab spawn oil - Google Patents
Method for processing low-cholesterol and high-purity crab spawn oil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing low-cholesterol and high-purity crab spawn oil. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) extracting the crab spawn oil by a two-step technology including an aqueous enzymatic method and a solvent extraction method; (2) removing the cholesterol in the crab spawn oil by microcapsule embedding technology. The crab spawn is taken as raw material, a first part of neutral lipid crab spawn oil product is prepared by enzyme hydrolysis, and then a second part of crab spawn oil product is prepared by continuously carrying out ethanol extraction on the lipoprotein emulsion obtained by separating after enzyme hydrolysis. The method adopts the mature two-step unit operation technology which combines the enzyme hydrolysis and the solvent extraction, and the technological conditions are mild, conventional and mature; the total oil yield of the product is high. The obtained crab spawn oil is high in cholesterol content, and the cholesterol can be removed by beta-cyclodextrin embedding technology, so that the low-cholesterol crab spawn oil can be obtained. The low-cholesterol and high-purity crab spawn oil maintains the delicious flavor and the nutritive value of the crab spawn, and is low in cholesterol content, thus being a nutritional, delicious and healthy aquatic food.
Description
Technical Field
A processing method of low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil provides a production method of low-cholesterol crab spawn essential oil, belongs to the technical field of food processing, and particularly belongs to the technical field of aquatic product processing.
Background
The river crab is delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, is an economic crab, and is one of the traditional famous and precious aquatic products in China. It is rich in protein, vitamins and trace elements, and is an aquatic food with high nutritive and dietetic values. Crab spawn has the highest nutritive value. It contains rich trace elements, collagen protein, calcium, phosphorus and other nutrients essential to human body, and is called "gold in sea".
At present, in China, crabs are mainly sold fresh, and crab cream buns, crab cream cakes and fried crab cream sauce are taken as auxiliary materials. Its eating is seasonally restricted and the crab spawn has a high cholesterol content. Excessive cholesterol in the human body can cause hyperlipidemia and further cause a series of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease and the like, so that the control of the intake of dietary cholesterol is very necessary.
Crab spawn has high crude fat content and contains a great amount of grease. By analyzing the fatty acid, it contains at least 18 kinds of fatty acid, and the Unsaturated Fatty Acid (UFA) content is rich (11 kinds). Crab spawn also contains small amounts of Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (HUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, EPA, brain platinum) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA, brain gold). EPA and DHA are known as essential fatty acids for growth and development of human and animals, and have important effects in strengthening brain, improving intelligence, preventing cardiovascular diseases and senile dementia, reducing blood lipid, preventing arteriosclerosis, improving human body immunity, etc. Therefore, the crab spawn not only has high fat content, but also has excellent quality and higher nutrition and health care functions.
Crab spawn oil is popular with consumers due to the unique flavor, and some reports on preparing crab spawn oil in China are reported as a patent of crab spawn oil and a preparation method thereof, namely a patent No. CN1613335A that crab spawn oil is fried by crab meat, crab spawn, salad oil and seasonings, but the crab spawn oil prepared by the method is a sauce-shaped seasoning and contains vegetable oil or animal oil, and cholesterol is not removed.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above and/or other problems occurring in the prior art methods for processing low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil.
Therefore, one purpose of the invention is to provide a processing method of medium-low cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil, which is prepared by adopting a two-step extraction process of a hydrolysis method and a solvent extraction method and then removing cholesterol in the crab spawn oil by using a beta-cyclodextrin embedding technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a processing method of low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil comprises using crab spawn as raw material, and performing enzymatic hydrolysis, centrifugal separation, extraction, exsolution and embedding to obtain low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil; adding water into crab spawn according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-3, crushing the crab spawn into slurry, adding Alcalase for hydrolysis, wherein the enzyme adding amount is 3000-5000U/g protein, the enzymolysis temperature is 45-55 ℃, the pH is 8-9, and the enzymolysis reaction time is 2-3 h; after the enzymatic hydrolysis is finished, performing centrifugal separation, wherein the centrifugal separation is performed at the rotating speed of 3000-4000 r/min for 10-20 min to obtain an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and collecting the crab spawn oil at the upper layer for later use; the extraction is to extract the lower-layer precipitate by using ethanol, and the mass volume ratio of the precipitate to the ethanol is 1: 4-6, the extraction temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the extraction time is 30-60 min; the desolventizing step is to separate the extraction mixture, firstly carry out common filtration, and then volatilize the solvent in a vacuum evaporation mode to obtain a second part of crab spawn oil product; and the embedding step is to combine the crab spawn oil obtained in the steps for later use, take water with the same volume as the crab spawn oil, add beta-cyclodextrin with the water mass of 10-15% into the water, stir and dissolve the beta-cyclodextrin, then mix the cyclodextrin water solution with the crab spawn oil, rotate the mixture for 70-100 min at the temperature of 40-55 ℃ and the rotating speed of 110-120 r/min, then centrifuge the mixture for 10-15 min at the temperature of 4500r/min, take out the upper layer grease, obtain the low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil product, and store the product in a sealed and light-proof manner.
As a preferred scheme of the processing method of the low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil, the processing method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are Eriocheir sinensis crab cream, the mass content of crude fat of the Eriocheir sinensis crab cream is 12-17%, and the content of cholesterol is 400-550 mg/100 g.
As a preferred scheme of the processing method of the low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil, the processing method comprises the following steps: the vacuum evaporation condition in the desolventizing process is that the vacuum degree is 0.04-0.1 MPa, the temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the time is 0.3-0.7 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) crab spawn oil extraction: crab spawn oil is extracted by two-step process including water enzyme process and solvent extraction process.
(2) Removing cholesterol: removing cholesterol by using a beta-cyclodextrin embedding technology to prepare the low-cholesterol crab spawn oil. Thus, the taste of the river crabs is enjoyed, and the risk of harming health is avoided.
The method adopts the combination of mature two-step unit operation technology of enzymatic hydrolysis and solvent extraction, has mild, conventional and mature process conditions, and has high total oil yield of products. The method has important significance for promoting the technical innovation and the upgrade of the traditional aquatic product processing in China and improving the overall technical level of the aquatic product processing field in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the processing of low cholesterol high purity crab spawn oil in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The process of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
Crab cream is used as a raw material, and a proper amount of water is added to prepare crab cream liquid, so that the solid content in the crab cream liquid is 10-20% (w/w). Adding alkaline protease to perform enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, the pH is 8-9, the enzyme addition amount is 3000U/g protein, and the enzymolysis reaction time is 2-3 h. And (3) centrifuging after completing enzymolysis, wherein the conditions are as follows: centrifuging at normal temperature, wherein the centrifuging speed is 3000-4000 rpm, and the centrifuging time is 10-20 min, so as to obtain an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is the first part of neutral ester crab spawn oil product. The middle layer is a proteolysis byproduct, the lower layer lipoprotein emulsion needs to be subjected to solvent extraction treatment continuously, and is dehydrated to obtain lipoprotein dehydrate, and the mass-volume ratio (W/V) of the emulsion to the alcohol is 1: 4-6, extracting at 55 ℃ for 30-60 min, taking the raffinate protein as a byproduct, and carrying out desolventizing treatment on the ethanol extract to obtain a second part of crab spawn oil product, wherein the removed ethanol is recycled. Adding water with the same mass into the high-cholesterol crab spawn oil product, adding 10% of beta-cyclodextrin, and uniformly mixing. The embedding reaction temperature is 40-55 ℃, the stirring speed is 110-120 r/min, and the stirring time is 70-100 min. Taking out after the reaction is finished, centrifuging at 4500r/min for 10min, taking out the upper layer grease, and storing the low-cholesterol crab spawn oil product in a sealed and light-proof manner.
Example 2
The eriocheir sinensis crab cream is taken as a raw material, and a proper amount of water is added to prepare the crab cream liquid, so that the solid content in the crab cream liquid is 10-20% (w/w). Adding alkaline protease for carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 55 ℃, the pH value is 8-9, the enzyme addition amount is 4000U/g protein, and the enzymolysis reaction time is 2-3 h. And (3) centrifuging after completing enzymolysis, wherein the conditions are as follows: centrifuging at normal temperature, wherein the centrifuging speed is 3000-4000 rpm, and the centrifuging time is 10-20 min, so as to obtain an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is the first part of neutral ester crab spawn oil product. The middle layer is a proteolysis byproduct, the lower layer lipoprotein emulsion needs to be subjected to solvent extraction treatment continuously, and is dehydrated to obtain lipoprotein dehydrate, and the mass-volume ratio (W/V) of the emulsion to the alcohol is 1: 4-6, extracting at 55 ℃ for 30-60 min, taking the raffinate protein as a byproduct, and carrying out desolventizing treatment on the ethanol extract to obtain a second part of crab spawn oil product, wherein the removed ethanol is recycled. Adding water with the same mass into the high-cholesterol crab spawn oil product, adding 15% of beta-cyclodextrin, and uniformly mixing. The embedding reaction temperature is 40-55 ℃, the stirring speed is 110-120 r/min, and the stirring time is 70-100 min. Taking out after the reaction is finished, centrifuging at 4500r/min for 10min, taking out the upper layer grease, and storing the low-cholesterol crab spawn oil product in a sealed and light-proof manner.
Example 3
Crab cream is used as a raw material, and a proper amount of water is added to prepare crab cream liquid, so that the solid content in the crab cream liquid is 10-20% (w/w). Adding alkaline protease to carry out enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 45 ℃, the pH value is 8-9, the enzyme addition amount is 5000U/g protein, and the enzymolysis reaction time is 2-3 hours. And (3) centrifuging after completing enzymolysis, wherein the conditions are as follows: centrifuging at normal temperature, wherein the centrifuging speed is 3000-4000 rpm, and the centrifuging time is 10-20 min, so as to obtain an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is the first part of neutral ester crab spawn oil product. The middle layer is a proteolysis byproduct, the lower layer lipoprotein emulsion needs to be subjected to solvent extraction treatment continuously, and is dehydrated to obtain lipoprotein dehydrate, and the mass-volume ratio (W/V) of the emulsion to the alcohol is 1: 4-6, extracting at 55 ℃ for 30-60 min, taking the raffinate protein as a byproduct, and carrying out desolventizing treatment on the ethanol extract to obtain a second part of crab spawn oil product, wherein the removed ethanol is recycled. Adding water with the same mass into the high-cholesterol crab spawn oil product, adding 12% of beta-cyclodextrin, and uniformly mixing. The embedding reaction temperature is 40-55 ℃, the stirring speed is 110-120 r/min, and the stirring time is 70-100 min. Taking out after the reaction is finished, centrifuging at 4500r/min for 10min, taking out the upper layer grease, and storing the low-cholesterol crab spawn oil product in a sealed and light-proof manner.
By integrating the embodiments 1 to 3, the invention comprises the following steps: (1) extracting crab spawn oil by adopting a two-step process of an aqueous enzymatic method and a solvent extraction method; (2) removing cholesterol in crab cream oil by microcapsule embedding technology. The crab spawn is used as a raw material, a first part of neutral fat crab spawn oil product is prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis, and then the second part of crab spawn oil product is prepared by ethanol extraction of lipoprotein emulsion obtained by separation after enzymatic hydrolysis. The invention adopts the combination of mature two-step unit operation technology of enzymatic hydrolysis and solvent extraction, the process conditions are mild, conventional and mature, and the total oil yield of the product is high. The obtained crab cream oil has high cholesterol content, and cholesterol is removed by beta-cyclodextrin embedding technology to obtain the low-cholesterol crab cream oil.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A processing method of low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing the low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil by taking crab spawn as a raw material through the steps of enzymatic hydrolysis, centrifugal separation, extraction, desolventizing and embedding; wherein,
adding water into crab spawn according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-3, crushing the crab spawn into slurry, adding Alcalase for hydrolysis, wherein the enzyme addition amount is 3000U/g-5000U/g protein, the enzymolysis temperature is 45-55 ℃, the pH is 8-9, and the enzymolysis reaction time is 2-3 h;
after the enzymatic hydrolysis is finished, performing centrifugal separation, wherein the centrifugal separation is performed at the rotating speed of 3000-4000 r/min for 10-20 min to obtain an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and collecting the crab spawn oil at the upper layer for later use;
the extraction is to extract the lower-layer precipitate by using ethanol, and the mass volume ratio of the precipitate to the ethanol is 1: 4-6, the extraction temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the extraction time is 30-60 min;
the desolventizing step is to separate the extraction mixture, firstly carry out common filtration, and then volatilize the solvent in a vacuum evaporation mode to obtain a second part of crab spawn oil product;
and the embedding step is to combine the crab spawn oil obtained in the steps for later use, take water with the same volume as the crab spawn oil, add beta-cyclodextrin with the water mass of 10-15% into the water, stir and dissolve the beta-cyclodextrin, then mix the cyclodextrin water solution with the crab spawn oil, rotate the mixture for 70-100 min at the temperature of 40-55 ℃ and the rotating speed of 110-120 r/min, then centrifuge the mixture for 10-15 min at the temperature of 4500r/min, take out the upper layer grease, obtain the low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil product, and store the product in a sealed and light-proof manner.
2. The method for processing low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are Eriocheir sinensis crab cream, the mass content of crude fat of the Eriocheir sinensis crab cream is 12-17%, and the content of cholesterol is 400-550 mg/100 g.
3. The method for processing low-cholesterol high-purity crab spawn oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the vacuum evaporation condition in the desolventizing process is that the vacuum degree is 0.04-0.1 MPa, the temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the time is 0.3-0.7 h.
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| CN103725404B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-08-05 | 江南大学 | The working method of a kind of low-cholesterol high-quality lard oil, butter |
| CN107099368A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-08-29 | 浙江海洋大学 | High EPA, DHA content a kind of swimming crab crab oil oil producing method |
| CN106987309A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-07-28 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of swimming crab crab gland oil extracting method |
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