CN103289702B - Fluorophosphate-base red fluorescent powder, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Fluorophosphate-base red fluorescent powder, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103289702B
CN103289702B CN201310262372.7A CN201310262372A CN103289702B CN 103289702 B CN103289702 B CN 103289702B CN 201310262372 A CN201310262372 A CN 201310262372A CN 103289702 B CN103289702 B CN 103289702B
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fluorescent powder
ion
red fluorescent
fluorophosphate
compound
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CN103289702A (en
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黄彦林
秦琳
关莹
陶正旭
袁蓓玲
韦之豪
徐传艳
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Chongqing Golute New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Suzhou University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a fluorophosphate-base red fluorescent powder, and a preparation method and application thereof. The chemical formula of the fluorescent powder is Ca3La1-xEuxF6PO4, wherein x is a mol percent coefficient of Eu<3+> substituted for La<3+>, and 0.001<=x<=0.5. The fluorescent powder is prepared from compounds containing Ca<2+>, La<3+>, Eu<3+>, F<-> and P<5+> by a high-temperature solid-phase method or chemical solution method. When the fluorophosphate red fluorescent powder disclosed by the invention is excited by ultraviolet light, the emission peak value is positioned near 613 nanometers, and thus, the fluorophosphate red fluorescent powder can be used for various types of illumination display and photoluminescent color adjustment by using ultraviolet light as an excitation source. The fluorescent powder has the advantages of favorable dispersity, uniform granularity, high luminescent intensity and high chemical stability. By respectively adopting the high-temperature solid-phase method and chemical solution method, the invention has the advantages of low production cost, no special requirements for equipment and stable product quality, is easy to operate and can easily implement industrial production.

Description

A kind of fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder, preparation method and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of phosphor, particularly a kind ofly can, by the fluorescent material of ultraviolet excitation, belong to luminescent material and technique of display field.
Background technology
Since lamp is with fluorescent RE powder commercialization, various novel materials, novel process are constantly applied at lighting field.Use the power saving fluorescent lamp that luminescent lamp tube cell, stem stem, filament, electronic powder, mercury are main raw, used comprehensively, the research of fluorescent material has been entered to a new stage.The preparation of fluorescent material is the basis of luminescent material research, and rare earth luminescent material is because having advantages such as enriching the changeable characteristics of luminescence, luminous high, the high luminous turnover ratio of purity of color and chemically stable, especially noticeable.Through the development of decades, rare earth luminescent material has become the important functional materials of a class, is widely used in the fields such as luminescent lamp, plasma flat-panel display and x-ray imaging technology.
Although white light emitting diode is described as the new light sources of 21st century most worthy at present, but large absolutely number luminescent lamp is still filled with the argon gas of easy electric discharge and the mercury of minute quantity in Glass tubing, on glass-tube inwall, be coated with fluorescent substance, two spirals or triple helical tungsten wire ring electrode that on the wick of the two ends of pipe, useful tungsten filament is made, on electrode, be coated with the material of electron emission, under vacuum switch-on regime, while lighting a lamp (startup), electric current flows through electrode heating, from filament towards the interior thermoelectron of launching, and start electric discharge.The mobile electron of discharge generation, with the mercury atom collision in pipe, produces ultraviolet ray (253.7 nm).This uviolizing fluorescent substance, obtains visible ray.Along with the kind of fluorescent substance is different, can send diversified photochromicly, the method preparation cost is low, method is simple, has met the needs of people to illumination.
In ultraviolet white light LEDs, owing to being the white light that gold-tinted and blue light two primary colours are compounded to form, lacked red composition, so colour rendering index is on the low side.Red fluorescence powder exists luminous intensity low, the inefficient problem of giving out light, and ultraviolet is green, blue colour fluorescent powder matching is poor, cannot realize the white with stronger color restoration capability.With commercial red fluorescence powder sulfide and Nitride Phase ratio, the luminous efficiency of sulfide is low, poor stability, and environmental pollution is serious.The advantages such as although and nitride has overcome these shortcomings, preparation condition is harsh, expensive, phosphoric acid salt is a kind of traditional phosphor host, and it has high stable performance, and the cheap and preparation technology of raw materials cost is simple.The fluorescent material that the fluorophosphate of take is at present matrix is also few, and fluorochemical add the sintering temperature that can reduce fluorescent material, therefore, using hexafluorophosphoric acid root is base starting material, develops a kind of novel fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder and has great importance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks in ultraviolet territory, to absorb weak deficiency in order to overcome commercial red fluorescence powder in prior art, provide that a kind of degree of crystallinity is high, luminous efficiency is remarkable, colourity is pure, and preparation method is simple, fluorophosphate red fluorescence powder, preparation method and the application thereof of environmental protection.
For reaching above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is to provide a kind of fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder, and its chemical formula is Ca 3la 1- x eu x f 6pO 4, wherein, xfor Eu 3+replace La 3+molar percentage coefficient, 0.001≤ x≤ 0.5; Described fluorescent material is under the ultraviolet excitation of 250～350 nanometers at wavelength, launches the red fluorescence that luminescence center is 613 nanometers.
Fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder of the present invention, one of its preparation method, for adopting high temperature solid-state method, comprises the following steps:
1, to contain calcium ion Ca 2+, contain lanthanum ion La 3+, contain europium ion Eu 3+, contain fluorion F -, contain phosphonium ion P 5+compound be raw material, by chemical formula Ca 3la 1- x eu x f 6pO 4in the mol ratio of each material take raw material, grind and mix, obtain mixture; Wherein xfor Eu 3+replace La 3+molar percentage coefficient, 0.001≤ x≤ 0.5;
2, mixture step 1 being obtained presintering 1～2 time under air atmosphere, sintering temperature is 300～850 ℃, sintering time is once 6～14 hours;
3, after naturally cooling, grind and mix, in air atmosphere, calcine, calcining temperature is 850～1100 ℃, and calcination time is 8～16 hours, obtains a kind of fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder after naturally cooling.
In high temperature solid-state method, the sintering temperature described in step 2 is 400～850 ℃, and sintering time is once 7～12 hours; Calcining temperature described in step 3 is 900～1100 ℃, and calcination time is 9～14 hours.
Fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder of the present invention, its another kind of preparation method, for adopting chemical solution method, comprises the following steps:
1, to contain calcium ion Ca 2+, contain lanthanum ion La 3+, contain europium ion Eu 3+, contain fluorion F -, contain phosphonium ion P 5+compound be raw material, by chemical formula Ca 3la 1- x eu x f 6pO 4in the mol ratio of each material take raw material, grind and mix; Wherein xfor Eu 3+replace La 3+molar percentage coefficient, 0.001≤ x≤ 0.5; Each raw material is dissolved in respectively in rare nitric acid, with after deionized water dilution, then adds respectively complexing agent by 0.5～2.0 wt% of reactant quality in each raw material, obtain the mixed solution of each raw material; Described complexing agent is a kind of in citric acid, oxalic acid;
2, the mixed solution of each raw material slowly being mixed, is to stir 1～2 hour under the condition of 50～100 ℃ in temperature, standing, dry, and obtains fluffy presoma;
3, by the presoma obtaining presintering 1～2 time under air atmosphere, sintering temperature is 300～550 ℃, and sintering time is once 6～14 hours;
4, after naturally cooling, grind and mix, in air atmosphere, calcine, calcining temperature is 550～800 ℃, and calcination time is 8～16 hours, obtains a kind of fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder after naturally cooling.
In chemical solution method, the sintering temperature described in step 3 is 350～500 ℃, and sintering time is once 7～12 hours; Calcining temperature described in step 4 is 550～700 ℃, and calcination time is 9～14 hours.
The calcium ion Ca that contains of the present invention 2+compound be Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan); The described lanthanum ion La that contains 3+compound be a kind of in lanthanum trioxide, lanthanum nitrate, lanthanum sulfat; The described europium ion Eu that contains 3+compound be a kind of in europium sesquioxide, europium nitrate, europium sulfate; The described fluorion F that contains -compound be Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan); The described phosphonium ion P that contains 5+compound be a kind of in Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, primary ammonium phosphate.
Fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder provided by the invention, for take illumination or the display device that UV-light is excitaton source, photoluminescence colourity regulates.
Compare with prior art scheme, technical solution of the present invention advantage is:
1, Eu provided by the invention 3+the red fluorescence powder activating can send main peak at the ruddiness of 613 nanometer annexes under the exciting of 250～350 nanometer light, and red degree is pure.
2, novel fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder raw material sources provided by the invention are abundant, cheap, and preparation technology is simple, easy handling, for equipment require low.
3, the fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder that prepared by the present invention has good thermostability, color developing height and even-grained feature.
4, with other sulfide Y 2o 2s:Eu 3+, halogenide etc. compares for the red fluorescence powder of substrate material, the preparation process of substrate material of the present invention is simple, product easily collecting, without waste water and gas discharge, environmental friendliness.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the prepared Ca of the embodiment of the present invention 1 3la 0.999eu 0.001f 6pO 4the exciting light spectrogram of material sample under monitoring wavelength 614 nanometers;
Fig. 2 is the prepared Ca of the embodiment of the present invention 1 3la 0.999eu 0.001f 6pO 4material sample is the luminescent spectrum figure under 285 nanometer excitation at wavelength;
Fig. 3 is the prepared Ca of the embodiment of the present invention 1 3la 0.999eu 0.001f 6pO 4the decay of luminescence graphic representation of material sample;
Fig. 4 is the prepared Ca of the embodiment of the present invention 6 3la 0.6eu 0.4f 6pO 4the exciting light spectrogram of material sample under monitoring wavelength 614 nanometers;
Fig. 5 is the prepared Ca of the embodiment of the present invention 6 3la 0.6eu 0.4f 6pO 4material sample is the luminescent spectrum figure under 285 nanometer excitation at wavelength;
Fig. 6 is the prepared Ca of the embodiment of the present invention 6 3la 0.6eu 0.4f 6pO 4the decay of luminescence graphic representation of material sample.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, technical solution of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1:
Preparation Ca 3la 0.999eu 0.001f 6pO 4
According to chemical formula Ca 3la 0.999eu 0.001f 6pO 4, take respectively lanthanum trioxide La 2o 3: 1.6275 grams, europium sesquioxide Eu 2o 3: 0.0018 gram, primary ammonium phosphate NH 4h 2pO 4: 1.1503 grams, after grinding in agate mortar and mixing, select air atmosphere to carry out presintering, pre-sintering temperature is 400 ℃, sintering time 7 hours, is then cooled to room temperature, takes out sample; By the raw material of first sintering, fully mixed grinding is even again, carries out sintering for the second time in air atmosphere, 850 ℃ of sintering temperatures, and calcination time 12 hours, is then chilled to room temperature, takes out sample; Finally the mixture obtaining is added to excessive Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF 2: after 3.1228 grams, again fully grind and be placed in retort furnace, under air atmosphere, calcine, calcining temperature is 1100 ℃, and calcination time is 14 hours, obtains powder shaped fluorophosphate red illuminating material.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, it is the exciting light spectrogram that the prepared sample of the present embodiment obtains under 613 nanometer monitorings; As can be seen from the figure, the emitting red light of this material excite source mainly in ultraviolet 250～350 nanometers, can be used for preparing ultraviolet excitation luminescent lamp.
Referring to accompanying drawing 2, it is the luminescent spectrum figure that the prepared sample of the present embodiment obtains under 285 nano wave lengths excite; The main luminescence center of this material is at the emitting red light wave band of 613 nanometers.Calculating its colourity obtains x=0.646 y=0.353.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, it is that the material sample of preparing by the present embodiment technical scheme is 355 nanometers in excitation wavelength, and monitoring wavelength is the decay of luminescence curve of 613 nanometers, and be 570 microseconds the fall time that can calculate this red fluorescence powder from figure.
Embodiment 2:
Preparation Ca 3la 0.9eu 0.1f 6pO 4
According to chemical formula Ca 3la 0.9eu 0.1f 6pO 4, take respectively lanthanum trioxide La 2o 3: 1.4662 grams, europium nitrate Eu (NO 3) 3-6H 2o:0.446 gram, primary ammonium phosphate NH 4h 2pO 4: 1.1503 grams, after grinding in agate mortar and mixing, select air atmosphere to carry out presintering, pre-sintering temperature is 600 ℃, sintering time 9 hours, is then cooled to room temperature, takes out sample; The mixture obtaining is added to excessive Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF 2: after 3.1228 grams, again fully grind and be placed in retort furnace, under air atmosphere, calcine, calcining temperature is 1000 ℃, and calcination time is 9 hours, obtains powder shaped fluorophosphate red illuminating material.Its main structure properties, excitation spectrum, luminescent spectrum and extinction curve are similar to embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Preparation Ca 3la 0.8eu 0.2f 6pO 4
According to chemical formula Ca 3la 0.8eu 0.2f 6pO 4, take respectively lanthanum trioxide La 2o 3: 1.30332 grams, europium sesquioxide Eu 2o 3: 0.352 gram, primary ammonium phosphate NH 4h 2pO 4: 1.1503 grams, after grinding in agate mortar and mixing, select air atmosphere to carry out presintering, pre-sintering temperature is 600 ℃, sintering time 10 hours, is then cooled to room temperature, takes out sample; The mixture obtaining is added to excessive Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF 2: after 3.1228 grams, again fully grind and be placed in retort furnace, under air atmosphere, calcine, calcining temperature is 1000 ℃, and calcination time is 12 hours, obtains powder shaped fluorophosphate red illuminating material.Its main structure properties, excitation spectrum, luminescent spectrum and extinction curve are similar to embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
Preparation Ca 3la 0.75eu 0.25f 6pO 4
According to chemical formula Ca 3la 0.75eu 0.25f 6pO 4, take respectively lanthanum sulfat LaSO 4: 1.7625 grams, europium sesquioxide Eu 2o 3: 0.0018 gram, primary ammonium phosphate NH 4h 2pO 4: 1.1503 grams, after grinding in agate mortar and mixing, select air atmosphere to carry out presintering, pre-sintering temperature is 400 ℃, sintering time 7 hours, is then cooled to room temperature, takes out sample; By the raw material of first sintering, fully mixed grinding is even again, carries out sintering for the second time in air atmosphere, 850 ℃ of sintering temperatures, and calcination time 12 hours, is then chilled to room temperature, takes out sample; Finally the mixture obtaining is added to excessive Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF 2: after 3.1228 grams, again fully grind and be placed in retort furnace, under air atmosphere, calcine, calcining temperature is 1100 ℃, and calcination time is 14 hours, obtains powder shaped fluorophosphate red illuminating material.
Embodiment 5:
Preparation Ca 3la 0.7eu 0.3f 6pO 4
According to chemical formula Ca 3la 0.7eu 0.3f 6pO 4, take respectively lanthanum trioxide La 2o 3: 1.1403 grams, europium sulfate Eu 2(SO 4) 3-H 2o:0.8882 gram, primary ammonium phosphate NH 4h 2pO 4: 1.1503 grams, after grinding in agate mortar and mixing, select air atmosphere to carry out presintering, pre-sintering temperature is 7500 ℃, sintering time 9 hours, is then cooled to room temperature, takes out sample; The mixture obtaining is added to excessive Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF 2: after 3.1228 grams, again fully grind and be placed in retort furnace, under air atmosphere, calcine, calcining temperature is 1050 ℃, and calcination time is 11 hours, obtains powder shaped fluorophosphate red illuminating material.Its main structure properties, excitation spectrum, luminescent spectrum and extinction curve are similar to embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6:
Preparation Ca 3la 0.6eu 0.4f 6pO 4
According to chemical formula Ca 3la 0.6eu 0.4f 6pO 4, take respectively lanthanum nitrate La (NO 3) 3-6H 2o:2.598 gram, europium nitrate Eu (NO 3) 3-6H 2o:1.784 gram, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES P 2o 5: 0.7097 gram, then take the citric acid of 0.5 wt% of above each medicine total mass.First, the lanthanum nitrate taking, europium nitrate and Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES are dissolved in respectively in appropriate salpeter solution, and dilute with the deionization of 5 times of its volumes, stir.Secondly, to be dissolved completely after, in solution, add respectively the citric acid taking, and carry out stir process.Finally, above-mentioned solution is mixed, continue at 60 ℃ heated and stirred 2 hours, standing, dry, obtain fluffy presoma; Precursor is placed in to retort furnace and calcines, calcining temperature is 550 ℃ for the first time, calcination time 7 hours; Then be chilled to room temperature, take out sample and add excessive Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF 2: 3.1228 grams and fully grind, finally to calcine, temperature is 630 ℃, calcination time 10 hours takes out sample, obtains powder shaped fluorophosphate red illuminating material after cooling.
Referring to accompanying drawing 4, it is the exciting light spectrogram that the prepared sample of the present embodiment obtains under 613 nanometer monitorings; As can be seen from the figure, the emitting red light of this material excite source mainly in ultraviolet 250～350 nanometers, can be used for preparing ultraviolet excitation luminescent lamp.
Referring to accompanying drawing 5, it is the luminescent spectrum figure that the prepared sample of the present embodiment obtains under 285 nano wave lengths excite; The main luminescence center of this material is at the emitting red light wave band of 613 nanometers.Calculating its colourity obtains x=0.649 y=0.350.
Referring to accompanying drawing 6, it is that the material sample of preparing by this case technology scheme is 355 nanometers in excitation wavelength, and detecting wavelength is the decay of luminescence curve of 613 nanometers, and be 600 microseconds the fall time that can calculate this red fluorescence powder from figure.
Embodiment 7:
Preparation Ca 3la 0.5eu 0.5f 6pO 4
According to chemical formula Ca 3la 0.5eu 0.5f 6pO 4, take respectively lanthanum nitrate La (NO 3) 3-6H 2o:2.165 gram, europium sesquioxide Eu 2o 3: 0.88 gram, primary ammonium phosphate NH 4h 2pO 4: 2.3006 grams, then take the oxalic acid of 0.5 wt% of above each medicine total mass.First, the lanthanum nitrate taking, europium sesquioxide and primary ammonium phosphate are dissolved in respectively in appropriate salpeter solution, and dilute with the deionization of 5 times of its volumes, stir.Secondly, to be dissolved completely after, in solution, add respectively the oxalic acid taking, and carry out stir process, last, above-mentioned solution is mixed, continue at 60 ℃ heated and stirred 1 hour, standing, dry, obtain fluffy presoma; Precursor is placed in to retort furnace and calcines, calcining temperature is 350 ℃ for the first time, calcination time 7 hours; Calcining temperature is 500 ℃ for the second time, calcination time 12 hours; Then be chilled to room temperature, take out sample and add excessive Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF 2: 3.1228 grams and fully grind, carry out third firing, temperature is 700 ℃, calcination time 14 hours takes out sample, obtains powder shaped fluorophosphate red illuminating material after cooling.Its main structure properties, excitation spectrum and luminescent spectrum are similar to embodiment 6.

Claims (8)

1. a fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder, is characterized in that: its chemical formula is Ca 3la 1- x eu x f 6pO 4, wherein, xfor Eu 3+replace La 3+molar percentage coefficient, 0.001≤ x≤ 0.5; Described fluorescent material is under the ultraviolet excitation of 250～350 nanometers at wavelength, launches the red fluorescence that luminescence center is 613 nanometers.
2. a preparation method for fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that adopting high temperature solid-state method, comprises the following steps:
(1) to contain calcium ion Ca 2+, contain lanthanum ion La 3+, contain europium ion Eu 3+, contain fluorion F -, contain phosphonium ion P 5+compound be raw material, by chemical formula Ca 3la 1- x eu x f 6pO 4in the mol ratio of each material take raw material, grind and mix, obtain mixture; Wherein xfor Eu 3+replace La 3+molar percentage coefficient, 0.001≤ x≤ 0.5;
(2) mixture step (1) being obtained presintering 1～2 time under air atmosphere, sintering temperature is 300～850 ℃, sintering time is once 6～14 hours;
(3) after naturally cooling, add excessive Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), grind and mix, in air atmosphere, calcine, calcining temperature is 850～1100 ℃, and calcination time is 8～16 hours, obtains a kind of fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder after naturally cooling.
3. the preparation method of a kind of fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the described calcium ion Ca that contains 2+compound be Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan); The described lanthanum ion La that contains 3+compound be a kind of in lanthanum trioxide, lanthanum nitrate, lanthanum sulfat; The described europium ion Eu that contains 3+compound be a kind of in europium sesquioxide, europium nitrate, europium sulfate; The described fluorion F that contains -compound be Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan); The described phosphonium ion P that contains 5+compound be a kind of in Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, primary ammonium phosphate.
4. the preparation method of a kind of fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the described sintering temperature of step (2) is 400～850 ℃, and sintering time is once 7～12 hours; The described calcining temperature of step (3) is 900～1100 ℃, and calcination time is 9～14 hours.
5. a preparation method for fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that adopting chemical solution method, comprises the following steps:
(1) to contain calcium ion Ca 2+, contain lanthanum ion La 3+, contain europium ion Eu 3+, contain fluorion F -, contain phosphonium ion P 5+compound be raw material, by chemical formula Ca 3la 1- x eu x f 6pO 4in the mol ratio of each material take raw material, grind and mix; Wherein xfor Eu 3+replace La 3+molar percentage coefficient, 0.001≤ x≤ 0.5; Each raw material is dissolved in respectively in rare nitric acid, with after deionized water dilution, then adds respectively complexing agent by 0.5～2.0 wt% of reactant quality in each raw material, obtain the mixed solution of each raw material; Described complexing agent is a kind of in citric acid, oxalic acid;
(2) mixed solution of each raw material slowly being mixed, is to stir 1～2 hour under the condition of 50～100 ℃ in temperature, standing, dry, and obtains fluffy presoma;
(3) by the presoma obtaining presintering 1～2 time under air atmosphere, sintering temperature is 300～550 ℃, and sintering time is once 6～14 hours;
(4) after naturally cooling, add excessive Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), grind and mix, in air atmosphere, calcine, calcining temperature is 550～800 ℃, and calcination time is 8～16 hours, obtains a kind of fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder after naturally cooling.
6. the preparation method of a kind of fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the described calcium ion Ca that contains 2+compound be Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan); The described lanthanum ion La that contains 3+compound be a kind of in lanthanum trioxide, lanthanum nitrate, lanthanum sulfat; The described europium ion Eu that contains 3+compound be a kind of in europium sesquioxide, europium nitrate, europium sulfate; The described fluorion F that contains -compound be Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan); The described phosphonium ion P that contains 5+compound be a kind of in Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, primary ammonium phosphate.
7. the preparation method of a kind of fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the described sintering temperature of step (3) is 350～500 ℃, and sintering time is once 7～12 hours; The described calcining temperature of step (4) is 550～700 ℃, and calcination time is 9～14 hours.
8. an application for fluorophosphate base red fluorescent powder as claimed in claim 1, for take illumination or the display device that UV-light is excitaton source, photoluminescence colourity regulates.
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