CN103289165A - 一种可降解的树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒 - Google Patents

一种可降解的树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒 Download PDF

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CN103289165A
CN103289165A CN2013102120535A CN201310212053A CN103289165A CN 103289165 A CN103289165 A CN 103289165A CN 2013102120535 A CN2013102120535 A CN 2013102120535A CN 201310212053 A CN201310212053 A CN 201310212053A CN 103289165 A CN103289165 A CN 103289165A
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赵振峰
曲红旗
陶放
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Abstract

本发明属于高分子材料领域,特别涉及一种可降解的树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒,其组分按体积比为聚乙烯30~60%、淀粉0~50%和红麻5~40%,其中聚乙烯由体积比为(0.2~5):1的低密度聚乙烯和马来酸酐改性低密度聚乙烯组成。本发明借助分子设计方法,制备具有较高的拉伸强度、加工性能良好的挤出型复合树脂(母粒)材料,在好氧生物存在的条件下,生物降解率达到40~70%,复合材料在使用性能和加工性能方面与聚乙烯相近,实现了材料的绿色和环境友好性,达到环境保护、资源高效利用和降低成本的目标。

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一种可降解的树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料领域,特别涉及一种可降解的树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒。
背景技术
聚乙烯(PE)是价格较低、产量大的通用树脂,其具有优良的电绝缘性、耐化学性、耐低温性和加工流动性等特点,但耐大气老化性能差及易应力开裂等缺点也相当突出,同时难于生物降解。
淀粉是一种多糖,分子式(C6H10O5)n。淀粉可分为直链淀粉(糖淀粉)和支链淀粉(胶淀粉)。淀粉可以看作是葡萄糖的高聚体,直链淀粉分子量在50000左右,支链淀粉分子量在60000左右。淀粉是一种天然可降解聚合物,在微生物作用下淀粉大分子可以分解为葡萄糖等单糖及其他中小分子化合物,并最终代谢为水和二氧化碳。作为填料,淀粉能够促进基体树脂的降解,加工和成型可以利用一般塑料加工技术和设备,但使用性能略差。
红麻为一年生草本韧皮纤维作物,纤维粗糙、硬挺,具有较高的拉伸强度、摩擦系数和弹性模量、高吸湿性、高吸油性、耐热性以及自行降解性等。红麻纤维作为天然纤维素的一种,其降解与淀粉类似。
淀粉与聚乙烯共混体系具有良好的生物可降解性,但是材料力学性能较差。据报道当淀粉在共混体系中比例高于40%时,可以制成生物降解塑料,并可以通过调节母粒比例来控制降解时间。但是由于淀粉的加入,共混材料的力学性能降低较多,尤其是拉伸性能。
红麻纤维的拉伸性能优异,以性能互补的的分子设计思路,红麻作为第三组分加入到聚乙烯-淀粉共混材料中可以提高材料的拉伸性能。但是聚乙烯属于非极性物质,而红麻纤维属于极性材料,造成了聚乙烯与红麻相容性不好,直接混合,材料性能并不理想。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种可生物降解、高拉伸强度且加工性能良好的树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒。
本发明的一种可降解的树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒,其组分按体积比为聚乙烯30~60%、淀粉0~50%和红麻5~40%。
其中,所述的聚乙烯由体积比为(0.2~5)∶1的低密度聚乙烯和马来酸酐改性低密度聚乙烯组成;
所述的红麻经化学法活化处理,处理方法为盐酸浸、醋酸浸、烧碱浸、纯碱浸或石灰水浸,所述的盐酸、醋酸、烧碱、纯碱和石灰水溶液的质量分数均为1~25%,浸泡时间为3min~10h。
本发明的特点和有益效果在于:
(1)红麻表面经化学法活化处理后,半纤维素和果胶等杂质被除去,有利于纤维与树脂的充分接触,从而改善相容性。在电子显微镜下,处理后的红麻观察表面形貌发生了较大改变,纤维表面附着物基本消失,纤维表面由比较光滑、基本没有空隙和缺陷,变为有明显的凹槽和粗糙。处理后的红麻纤维与聚乙烯-淀粉共混材料的相容性得到改善,表现在混合材料的拉伸性能提高约40%;
(2)为改善聚乙烯的极性性质,在聚乙烯树脂中加入部分用马来酸酐接枝的马来酸酐聚乙烯,制成改性聚乙烯。改性聚乙烯与淀粉和处理后红麻共混,得到聚乙烯-淀粉-红麻复合材料。聚乙烯-淀粉-红麻复合材料的拉伸强度得到了很大改善,达到22.2MPa,接近纯聚乙烯的性能。电镜对复合材料断口的形貌观察结果也证实了改性聚乙烯大大改善了红麻纤维与树脂的界面结合状态,由图1看出,图1(b)比图1(a)纹理更加清晰。表1为聚乙烯与不同组分结合后的拉伸强度、吸水率对照表。
(3)本发明借助分子设计方法,利用天然材料淀粉优良的生物降解性、天然纤维材料红麻高的拉伸强度和弹性模量、合成材料聚乙烯优良的热塑性能,通过界面工程,改善淀粉、红麻和聚乙烯的相容性,将天然原料淀粉和红麻与合成树脂聚乙烯复合,制备具有较高的拉伸强度、加工性能良好的挤出型复合树脂(母粒)材料,在好氧生物存在的条件下,生物降解率达到40~70%,复合材料在使用性能和加工性能方面与聚乙烯相近,实现了材料的绿色和环境友好性,达到环境保护、资源高效利用和降低成本的目标。
表1聚乙烯与不同组分结合后的拉伸强度、吸水率对照表。
Figure BDA0000328299850000021
附图说明
图1为本发明聚乙烯-淀粉-红麻共混材料断口形貌图:(a)为聚乙烯-淀粉-红麻共混材料,(b)为改性聚乙烯-淀粉-红麻共混材料。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种可降解树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒,其组分按体积比为低密度聚乙烯15%、马来酸酐接枝改性低密度聚乙烯15%、淀粉45%和红麻25%,所述的红麻经质量分数为1%的盐酸浸泡10h,共混后材料拉伸强度为20.7MPa,吸水率为0.27%,在好氧生物存在的条件下,生物降解率达到70%。
实施例2
一种可降解树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒,其组分按体积比为低密度聚乙烯8%、马来酸酐接枝改性低密度聚乙烯40%、淀粉20%和红麻32%,所述的红麻经质量分数为10%的醋酸浸泡5h,共混后材料拉伸强度为22.2MPa,吸水率为0.10%,在好氧生物存在的条件下,生物降解率达到50%。
实施例3
一种可降解树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒,其组分按体积比为低密度聚乙烯20%、马来酸酐接枝改性低密度聚乙烯20%、淀粉50%和红麻10%,所述的红麻经质量分数为15%的烧碱浸泡3h,共混后材料拉伸强度为18.9MPa,吸水率为0.19%,在好氧生物存在的条件下,生物降解率达到60%。
实施例4
一种可降解树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒,其组分按体积比为低密度聚乙烯40%、马来酸酐接枝改性低密度聚乙烯8%、淀粉47%和红麻5%,所述的红麻经质量分数为20%的纯碱浸泡1h,共混后材料拉伸强度为22.2MPa,吸水率为0.10%,在好氧生物存在的条件下,生物降解率达到50%。
实施例5
一种可降解树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒,其组分按体积比为低密度聚乙烯30%、马来酸酐接枝改性低密度聚乙烯30%和红麻40%,所述的红麻经质量分数为25%的石灰水浸泡3min,共混后材料拉伸强度为25.2MPa,吸水率为0.22%,在好氧生物存在的条件下,生物降解率达到40%。

Claims (4)

1.一种可降解的树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒,其特征在于其组分按体积比为聚乙烯30~60%、淀粉0~50%和红麻5~ 40%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解的树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒,其特征在于所述的聚乙烯由体积比为(0.2 ~5):1的低密度聚乙烯和马来酸酐改性低密度聚乙烯组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解的树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒,其特征在于所述的红麻经化学法活化处理,处理方法为盐酸浸、醋酸浸、烧碱浸、纯碱浸或石灰水浸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种可降解的树脂-淀粉-红麻挤出塑料母粒,其特征在于所述的盐酸、醋酸、烧碱、纯碱和石灰水溶液的质量分数均为1~25%,浸泡时间为3min~10h。
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Application publication date: 20130911