CN103281707A - Construction method of access network facing rail transit infrastructure service state detection - Google Patents
Construction method of access network facing rail transit infrastructure service state detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of an access network facing rail transit infrastructure service state detection, and belongs to the technical field of a rail transit safety information obtaining method. The construction method of the access network facing rail transit infrastructure service state detection comprises the steps that wireless communication is adopted by a sensor in a rail transit infrastructure service state detection system, and an upper communication layer and a lower communication layer are built; a communication address comprises two bytes, a communication frame format comprises nine parts, such as a synchronous head and a frame length, link power cost between every two adjacent nodes is obtained, the connection mode of an upper layer tree-shaped backbone network is obtained, and a communication network with the minimum network power cost is built; access nodes adopt a coverage area matching mode to carry out network access invitation on detection nodes to build a lower layer star-shaped detection network. Due to the fact that the upper layer network and the lower layer network are adopted, and the design of the communication address is adopted, the cost of network communication is reduced, network resources are saved, and energy consumption of communication is reduced. A communication structure of a detection network is optimized through a minimum spanning tree method, and communication efficiency of the whole communication network is improved. The construction method of the access network facing rail transit infrastructure service state detection can provide guarantee for safe operation of rail transit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that a kind of Access Network that detects towards track traffic infrastructure service state makes up, relate to network hierarchical structure that track traffic infrastructure service state detects net and set up, detect methods such as the design of the mailing address of net and communication frame format, the optimization of detection net topology, belong to track traffic safety information acquisition method and technology field.
Background technology
Track traffic has become the main artery of China's economic development, guarantees that track traffic safety, science, orderly and efficient operation become the problem that primarily faces, and have become the research focus of academia at present based on the safety detection of track traffic.Existing track foundation facility monitoring task monitoring is mainly finished by trackwalker and track inspection car, and the monitor data that this method obtains is not accurate enough, and can not be obtained by running train in transit in real time, also can't finish large-scale monitoring simultaneously.Traditional method for supervising is not easy on a large scale, obtains on a large scale, automatically, fast the security information of track traffic infrastructure.At present, all be security monitoring at train itself at device security condition monitoring system on the train etc. a lot, the research that also has a small amount of research to monitor at the certain infrastructure of regional area is used but still lack the research that infrastructure safe condition in the whole rail transportation network scope is monitored.
In recent years, the wireless sensor network technology that combines new and high technologies such as distributed information processing, MEMS (micro electro mechanical system), radio communication, embedded calculating, transducer has obtained the broad research of Chinese scholars.Cover a wide range in China's rail transport as ultrared axle temperature supervisory control system, locomotive failure monitor and diagnosis system, this has restricted the use on a large scale of traditional watch-dog of cost costliness.The infrastructure state information complexity that transducer detected during track traffic infrastructure service state detected, mainly comprise rail longitudinal stress, steel rail displacement and creep, the state of various infrastructure such as rail integrality, railway bed sedimentation.In order to ensure the safe operation of track traffic, the transducer of these states of detection is included in whole infrastructure and detect in the Access Network, set up a track traffic infrastructure service state system, perfect and detect Access Network.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the limitation that the traditional infrastructure method for supervising exists, the invention provides a kind of Access Network construction method that detects towards track traffic infrastructure service state.The transducer of this method in track traffic infrastructure service state detection system adopts radio communication.Analyze by the demand that track traffic infrastructure is detected, made up the wireless sensor network of being formed by detection node (ED:End Device), access node (AP:Access Point), aggregation node (FP:Fusion Point) that from bottom to top carries out transfer of data.According to the layering characteristics that detect net, mailing address and the communication frame format of each node in the network designed, geocoding adopts the 16 bit spaces design of high byte part and low byte part, can reduce net interior communication cost and the energy consumption of communicating by letter greatly.Number of nodes can satisfy the demand that track traffic infrastructure service state detects fully.The Power penalty that utilizes inter-node communication obtains the mode of communicating of upper strata tree type backbone network (TBN:Tree Backbone Network) for the minimal spanning tree algorithm of weight is optimized the network topology that track traffic infrastructure service state detects Access Network.Calculate the degree of depth, mailing address and the mask of communicating by letter of each node in the network then.After upper strata tree type backbone network built up, access node adopted the coverage matching way to detection node invitations that networks, the structure star-like detection net of lower floor (SDN:Star Detection Network).
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of Access Network construction method that is applicable to that track traffic infrastructure service state detects, contain following steps:
(1) analyzes by the Access Network that track traffic infrastructure service state is detected, divide detecting network layer;
(2) by track traffic infrastructure service state being detected the analysis of the hierarchical structure of network, the mailing address of node and communication frame format in the planned network;
(3) obtain link power cost between adjacent node; Employing is the minimal spanning tree algorithm of weight with the Power penalty of inter-node communication, obtains the mode of communicating of upper strata tree type backbone network; Based on the mode of communicating of upper strata tree type backbone network, calculate the communication condition of each child node, set up the communication network of network power cost minimum;
(4) after upper strata tree type backbone network was finished, access node adopted the coverage matching way to detection node invitations that networks, the star-like detection net of structure lower floor.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Among the present invention, after the infrastructure detection net of track traffic is analyzed, it is adopted bilevel network design, and detection node wherein can be opened park mode, the life cycle that can prolong whole wireless senser communication network in a long time.The mailing address spatial design has reduced the network service cost, has saved Internet resources, has reduced the communication energy consumption.Reasonably the communication frame design has taken into full account the demand of communication frame sending node and receiving node, and the communication information of need transmission has been carried out rational distribution.Power penalty with inter-node communication is the utilization of the minimum spanning tree method of weight, has optimized the communication structure that detects net, has reduced the communication efficiency that internodal Communication Jamming has improved whole communication network.This method is applied in the track traffic security fields, for the safe operation of track traffic provides powerful guarantee.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 track traffic infrastructure service state detects the Access Network level and divides schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 access network node mailing address distributes schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 communication frame constitutes schematic diagram.
The frame control information of Fig. 4 communication frame constitutes schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 track traffic infrastructure detects the Access Network exemplary plot.
The Power penalty figure of each node in Fig. 6 Access Network example.
The minimum spanning tree schematic diagram of the upper strata backbone network that node constitutes in Fig. 7 Access Network example.
Access Network example after Fig. 8 optimizes is each nodal information schematic diagram in the tree type backbone network at the middle and upper levels.
Access Network example communication structural representation after Fig. 9 optimizes.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of Access Network construction method that detects towards track traffic infrastructure service state, contain following steps:
(1) analyzes by the Access Network that track traffic infrastructure service state is detected, divide detecting network layer.
Track traffic infrastructure service state detects wireless sensor network can be divided into two-layer communication layers up and down.Wherein, as shown in Figure 1, the upper layer communication layer is the tree network that is made of the access node that is laid in trackside and aggregation node, and aggregation node is the tree root node, and access node is leaf node.The upper layer communication layer is called tree-like backbone network, and the main forwarding communication frame of being responsible for ensures that data communication covers the whole surveyed area of track traffic infrastructure.The star-like detection network that lower floor's communication layers is made up of the access node that is laid in detection node on the track and trackside.Access node is leader cluster node, and responsible detection node is uploaded fusion and the forwarding of information.Detection node is a bunch interior nodes, and in whole communication process, detection node can be opened park mode in a long time, prolongs the life cycle of whole wireless senser communication network.Lower floor's communication layers is called star-like detection layers.
(2) by track traffic infrastructure service state being detected the analysis of the hierarchical structure of network, the mailing address of node and communication frame format in the planned network.
1. mailing address design
Track traffic infrastructure service state detects the wireless senser communication network, and to have a node layout density little, and it is less relatively that detection node detects amount of information, the characteristics that the communication distance between the node is long.Therefore to design the mailing address of node be two bytes in the present invention, and 16 bit address space are divided into high byte part and low byte part according to the double-decker of communication network.The address space design of two bytes allows to comprise 255 access nodes (containing aggregation node) at most in a communication network, and each access node comprises 255 detection node at most.Number of nodes can satisfy the demand that track traffic infrastructure service state detects fully.Compare with 64 traditional sensor network communication address design, 16 address space design is more suitable for the actual conditions that track traffic infrastructure service state detects, and reduces communication cost and the energy consumption of communicating by letter in the net greatly.
The mailing address high byte of network node is partly described the access node under this node.Mailing address high byte part by all detection node of same access node control is identical, all is the mailing address high byte part of this access node.Because track traffic infrastructure service state of aggregation node control detects all access nodes in the wireless network, the mailing address high byte part of all access nodes that therefore belongs to same aggregation node is inequality.The high byte of aggregation node partly is made as 0.The mailing address low byte of network node is partly described the detection node in certain star-like detection net.The mailing address low byte part of all detection node that belongs to an access node is inequality, but the mailing address low byte that belongs to the detection node of different access nodes partly allows to exist same phenomenon.The mailing address low byte of access node partly is made as 0.The node communication address assignment as shown in Figure 2 in the network.
2. communication frame design
It is a wireless sensor network that track traffic infrastructure service state detects Access Network, communicate by communication frame between node, the actual conditions that the present invention detects according to track traffic infrastructure service state design internodal communication frame and comprise synchronous head, frame length, frame control information, address, port numbers, serial number, encryption, application load and frame check nine parts, as shown in Figure 3.
The synchronous head of communication frame and frame length.Track traffic infrastructure service state detects the communication frame of Access Network according to standard physical layer communication frame format design synchronous head and the frame length of IEEE802.15.4.Synchronous head is divided into the initial separator of frame of lead code and 1 byte of 4 bytes.The sequence signature of synchronous head lead code is finished the wireless module that sheet can make node and is realized the synchronous of communication and symbol.The fixed value of the initial separator of synchronous head frame is 0xF7, is used for identifying the beginning of a communication frame, and realize communication data on byte synchronously.The communication frame frame length is inserted into when node sends data, only accounts for 1 byte, is used for realizing that the wireless module of node sends or receive adjustable length communication frame.The frame control byte is the length of frame to the length value of postamble, by low 7 bit representations of frame length.Because frame length must not receive the length that sends First Input First Output greater than radio frequency, so frame length must not be greater than 127 bytes.
● the frame control information of communication frame
The frame control information of communication frame accounts for 2 bytes, comprise acknowledges requests, reply answer, type of receipt, transmission types, on/following row labels, depth value, encryption indicator and eight parts of maintaining secrecy.As shown in Figure 4.Wherein, acknowledges requests accounts for 1, and the expression user sends the request of acknowledgement frame after the recipient is received communication frame, then is 1 if need the recipient to send the acknowledges requests position, otherwise is 0.Reply answer and account for 1, when the recipient receives user's acknowledges requests and replys, reply back and be reset to 1.Type of receipt accounts for 1, describe to send the node of this communication frame as the mode of communication receiver's received communication frame, and when for control monitoring type, this position is 0, and when being dormancy/poll type, this position is 1.Transmission types accounts for 2, and the transmission types of this node when the node that describe to send this communication frame is exactly sender of communications when transmission types is 00 during for detection node, is 10 during for the communication forward node, is 11 during for convergent access node.On/1 at following row labels station, when the communication frame father node to the child node downlink transfer, this position is 1, on the contrary the communication frame uplink is 0.Depth value accounts for 2, describes the node level that this frame the last time transmitted by node in tree-like backbone network.Because high byte accounted for 8 during the node communication address arranged, so depth value is 8 to the maximum.Encryption indicator accounts for 1, and communication frame is encrypted, and this position is 1, otherwise is 0.
● the address
The address accounts for 2 bytes, at communication frame by detection node to access node, the source address of communication frame is described in the uplink communication process of aggregation node again; At communication frame by aggregation node to access node, the destination address of communication frame is described in the downlink communication of detection node again.
● port numbers
Port numbers accounts for 1 byte, in order to describe the special services that same node provides.Give fixing serve port with the port number assignment of 0x00～0x2F, realize the Network Management function.Give user's application processing function with the port number assignment of 0x30～0xEF.The port numbers of 0xF0～0xFE is reserved.The 0xFF port numbers can be used as Broadcast Port.
(3) obtain link power cost between adjacent node; Employing is the minimal spanning tree algorithm of weight with the Power penalty of inter-node communication, obtains the mode of communicating of upper strata tree type backbone network; Based on the mode of communicating of upper strata tree type backbone network, calculate the communication condition of each child node, set up the communication network of network power cost minimum
1. obtain link power cost between adjacent node
The autonomous different power of emission from low to high of each node meeting in the backbone network of upper strata.Node sends and comprises the probe command of present node transmitting power, and monitors the probe command of other nodes.When node receives the probe command of a plurality of nodes, only select to have its probe command with the minimum emissive power of probe node signal post need and reply.This power is called the Power penalty of two inter-node communications.After receiving the response message that is detected node when node, give record with being detected the mailing address of node and the Power penalty of two node communications.Along with the increase of node transmitting power, the node signal coverage increases, and the adjacent node number that detects increases thereupon.When the node transmitting power reaches its maximum, can obtain its all adjacent node, and collect the Power penalty of itself and all adjacent nodes, finally form this node to the Power penalty of communicating by letter between its all adjacent nodes.When the transmitting power of each node in the backbone network of upper strata all reaches maximum, can finally obtain the Power penalty table of each node communication in the backbone network of upper strata.
The Power penalty information that each node of upper strata backbone network is communicated by letter all adjacent nodes of this node and its with maximum transmission power is broadcasted away, makes its all adjacent node all obtain the Power penalty information of this node.Each node in the network is abandoned after the communication information of its adjacent node node non-conterminous with it, finally obtain this node be adjacent node communication with and the adjacent node Power penalty of communicating by letter to each other.Finish after communication cost obtains at each node, the Power penalty of upper layer communication network obtains to be finished.
2. adopting the Power penalty with inter-node communication is the minimal spanning tree algorithm of weight, obtains the mode of communicating of upper strata tree type backbone network
The communication link that track traffic infrastructure service state detects the upper strata backbone network of communication network is guaranteeing that node is adjacent under the prerequisite of the direct or indirect communication of node, communication gross power cost minimum with whole network is target, optimizes the transmitting power of node in the network.Can be approximately the Power penalty of finding the solution with two nodes is the minimum spanning tree of the communication network of power.
Aggregation node in the backbone network of upper strata begins the Power penalty optimizing process of this node by the process of topology optimization of broadcast topology optimization order startup the whole network after node receives and orders.After each node in the backbone network of upper strata was realized optimizing, the communication network optimize of overall power cost minimum was finished.The present invention begins to be optimized from aggregation node, so select the Prim algorithm in the minimal spanning tree algorithm.The concrete optimization step of upper strata tree type backbone network communication link is as follows:
A) Power penalty of each inter-node communication of upper layer communication network of obtaining is arranged by order from low to high, set up neighbor node set and the local node of link and gather.
B) with aggregation node be the link of the Power penalty minimum of point selection and aggregation node direct communication.
C) another end points with link joins in the neighbor node set of aggregation node, constitutes the local node set.
D) choose link with the Power penalty minimum of local node direct communication.
E) if the node of both link ends all in local node set, then returns step (c); Otherwise, in does not gather the node adding this locality in the set of this locality.Add simultaneously in the neighbor node set of local node of direct communication with it.
F) if when the node in the local node set does not cover all nodes of upper layer network, return step (d); When having comprised all nodes of upper layer communication network in the local node set, the Power penalty optimization of upper strata backbone network communication finishes.With the power of communications of required maximum in the set of the neighbor node of each node in the network broadcasting power as this node.
3. based on the mode of communicating of upper strata tree type backbone network, calculate the communication condition of each node, set up the communication network of network power cost minimum
The upper strata backbone network is born the main task of network service, for the high speed that guarantees communication is smooth and easy, should realizes eliminating the broadcast storm of inter-node communication and guarantee that the communication path between root node and non-root node is unique.According to the design of mailing address above as can be known, the high byte of node communication address partly refers to access node in the backbone network under this node, so the mailing address of node in backbone network uses the high byte part of this node communication address.
The tree topology of upper strata backbone network has determined the uniqueness of communicating by letter between root node and non-root node.Node in the backbone network needed the degree of depth of contrast communication frame and this node before the forwarding communication frame, judge whether communication frame was transmitted, to reach the generation of stopping broadcast storm in the backbone network.Each node in the backbone network of upper strata all is assigned backbone network mailing address and subnet mask, node in the backbone network judges by the subnet mask of this node and the address high byte in the communication frame are partly carried out logic and operation whether the destination node in the communication frame is this node.
The topological optimization of upper strata backbone network makes each node in the backbone network all obtain the neighbor node set of self.Each node M in the backbone network is after having determined the local degree of depth of node, mailing address and the mask of communicating by letter, and sending adding to its all neighbor node (not comprising its father node) is the request of the tree type subnet of root node with this node.When node M is received the response message of all neighbor nodes, the depth value of the child node of computing node M, communication mask-length and spendable mailing address scope, and send to the node that all adhere to the node M tree type subnet that is root node.
The concrete computational methods of the communication condition of child node are as follows:
D
c=D+1 (1)
L
c=L+log
2(x+n+1) (2)
R
ca={R+R
a×2
8-Lc,(R
a∈[1,2
(Lc-L)-1])} (3)
Wherein, D is the depth value of the arbitrary node M in the backbone network of upper strata, and L is the communication mask-length of node M, and R is the mailing address (node M should be reserved x address at least) of node M; N is the child node number of node M; D
c, L
c, R
CaBe respectively depth value, communication mask-length, the mailing address span of the child node (Child Node) of node M.
(4) after upper strata tree type backbone network was finished, access node adopted the coverage matching way to detection node invitations that networks, the star-like detection net of structure lower floor.
After upper strata tree type backbone network made up and finishes, aggregation node started the structure of the star-like detection net of lower floor.After the access node in lower floor's detection net receives the order that makes up star-like detection net, will outwards launch the networking invitation that comprises this access node mailing address and track traffic infrastructure state implication with its maximum transmission power.Detection node is obtained the invitation of access node by channel-monitoring.Because the diffusivity of wireless signal, detection node can receive a plurality of networkings and invite, at this moment, detection node need judge whether the coverage information of access node middle orbit traffic infrastructure state implication contains the installation position information of self, if then select this access node to be the father node of self, if the coverage information of all access node middle orbit traffic infrastructure state implications does not comprise this node, then select an access node as the father node of oneself nearby.Afterwards, the low byte of detection node is partly understood numeral of picked at random, and sends networking token and the hardware identifier application networking of agreement in advance to father node.
The correctness of the networking token of access node by judging detection node determines that this access node of adding of detection node forms the legitimacy of star-like detection net.Access node need guarantee that also the low byte of its all sub-detection node does not partly have repetition, otherwise will order the more low byte part of change of address of detection node.After access node is accepted the networking application of all qualified detection node, send allowance networking information to detection node.Detection node partly adds the mailing address high byte of this access node in the mailing address high byte part of oneself then, constitutes the mailing address of detection node, and sends the own complete communication information to its father node.
After a period of time, if access node no longer is subjected to the networking request of any detection node, then be the star-like detection network struction success of father node with this access node.After the star-like detection network struction of all access nodes was finished, whole lower floor detected the structure of net and finishes.The communication of the star-like detection net of lower floor also divides for by access node to the downlink communication of detection node with by detection node two kinds of communication types of uplink communication to access node.The mailing address that should comprise the target detection node in the former communication frame should comprise the mailing address of local detection node in the latter's the communication frame.Two kinds of communication modes all need the recipient that the mailing address in the communication frame and local mailing address are compared, and communicate by letter then that to detect Netcom reliable existing in lower floor if belong to this locality.
Embodiment 2:
The present invention intends laying a simple infrastructure and detects communication network in a representative region of track traffic, as shown in Figure 5.
Track traffic infrastructure service state detects the structure of communication network from the upper strata backbone network.The reflection power of the aggregation node in the backbone network of upper strata and 6 automatic changes oneself from low to high of access node.When the transmitting power of each node is maximum, can obtain the Power penalty that this node is communicated by letter with all adjacent nodes.After all nodes in the backbone network of upper strata have all obtained Power penalty table separately, give adjacent node the Power penalty information of self with maximum power transmission.The Power penalty of finally finishing the upper strata backbone network obtains.To test the aggregation node called after node A of backbone network at the middle and upper levels, access node is by the left-to-right Node B of called after successively, C, D, E, F, G, and then the Power penalty table that finally obtains of experiment as shown in Figure 6.
After each node power cost table of upper strata backbone network obtained and finishes, the communication link optimizing process of upper layer communication net started.Optimization with aggregation node A begins, and is weight with internodal power, calculates the minimum spanning tree of upper strata backbone network, result of calculation such as Fig. 7.
Node A is as aggregation node, its mailing address is 0x00, masked bits length is 0, depth value is 1, because aggregation node A need reserve 1 address at least, so the depth value that can calculate the child node of node A according to formula (1), formula (2), formula (3) is 2, masked bits length is 3, there are 7 mailing addresses to use, are respectively 224,192,160,128,96,64 and 32.The mailing address of choosing in test node C is 96, and the address of node D is 128, and the address of node E is 64.The depth value that can calculate Node B and node G according to formula (1), formula (2), formula (3) is 3, and subnet mask length is 5, and the mailing address of Node B can be chosen from 104,112,120, and the mailing address of node G can be chosen from 72,80,88.In like manner if the mailing address of node F selects 80, then the depth value of node F is 4, and subnet mask length is 7, and mailing address is 82.Each nodal information as shown in Figure 8 in the upper strata tree type backbone network after the optimization.
After the structure of upper strata backbone network finished, aggregation node A opened the structure that net detects in lower floor, and this order is sent to each access node, after access node receives the order that makes up star-like detection net, sent networking information to each detection node with maximum power.Detection node selects an access node of containing own installation position information as father node uniquely.All detection node all add after the network, and the star-like detection network of lower floor is namely set up and finished.After each access node was finished star-like detection net establishment, the mailing address of each node in the whole network can be determined.The communication structure of network in this experiment after topological optimization and mailing address distribute as shown in Figure 9, at this moment, whole communication network makes up and finishes.
The transducer of the present invention in track traffic infrastructure service state detection system adopts radio communication, makes up two-layer communication layers up and down; Described mailing address is two bytes, communication frame format is nine parts such as synchronous head, frame length, employing is the mode of communicating that the minimal spanning tree algorithm of weight obtains upper strata tree type backbone network with the Power penalty of inter-node communication, sets up the communication network of network power cost minimum; Access node adopts the coverage matching way that detection node is networked to invite and makes up the star-like detection net of lower floor.The present invention adopts two-tier network up and down, and the mailing address design has reduced the network service cost, has saved Internet resources, has reduced the communication energy consumption, and the minimum spanning tree method has been optimized the communication structure that detects net, has improved the communication efficiency of whole communication network.The present invention can provide powerful guarantee to the safe operation of track traffic.
Claims (2)
1. an Access Network construction method that detects towards track traffic infrastructure service state is characterized in that, contains following steps:
(1) analyzes by the Access Network that track traffic infrastructure service state is detected, divide detecting network layer;
Transducer in track traffic infrastructure service state detection system adopts radio communication; Analyze the wireless sensor network of two-layer communication layers up and down that from bottom to top carries out transfer of data that structure is made up of detection node (ED:End Device), access node (AP:Access Point), aggregation node (FP:Fusion Point) by the demand that track traffic infrastructure is detected; Described two-layer communication layers up and down, the upper layer communication layer is the tree network that is made of the access node that is laid in trackside and aggregation node, and aggregation node is the tree root node, and access node is leaf node; The upper layer communication layer claims tree-like backbone network, and the main forwarding communication frame of being responsible for ensures that data communication covers the whole surveyed area of track traffic infrastructure; The star-like detection network that lower floor's communication layers is made up of the access node that is laid in detection node on the track and trackside; Access node is leader cluster node, and responsible detection node is uploaded fusion and the forwarding of information; Detection node is a bunch interior nodes; Lower floor's communication layers is called star-like detection layers;
(2) by track traffic infrastructure service state being detected the analysis of the hierarchical structure of network, the mailing address of node and communication frame format in the planned network;
1. described mailing address,
The mailing address of described node is two bytes, and 16 bit address space are divided into high byte part and low byte part according to the double-decker of communication network; The address space design of two bytes allows to comprise 255 access nodes (containing aggregation node) at most in a communication network, and each access node comprises 255 detection node at most;
The mailing address high byte of network node is partly described the access node under this node; Mailing address high byte part by all detection node of same access node control is identical, all is the mailing address high byte part of this access node; Because track traffic infrastructure service state of aggregation node control detects all access nodes in the wireless network, the mailing address high byte part of all access nodes that therefore belongs to same aggregation node is inequality; The high byte of aggregation node partly is made as 0; The mailing address low byte of network node is partly described the detection node in certain star-like detection net; The mailing address low byte part of all detection node that belongs to an access node is inequality, but the mailing address low byte that belongs to the detection node of different access nodes partly allows to exist same phenomenon; The mailing address low byte of access node partly is made as 0;
2. described communication frame,
It is a wireless sensor network that track traffic infrastructure service state detects Access Network, communicate by communication frame between node, described internodal communication frame comprises synchronous head, frame length, frame control information, address, port numbers, serial number, encryption, application load and frame check nine parts;
The synchronous head of communication frame and frame length; Track traffic infrastructure service state detects the communication frame of Access Network according to standard physical layer communication frame format design synchronous head and the frame length of IEEE802.15.4; Synchronous head is divided into the initial separator of frame of lead code and 1 byte of 4 bytes; The sequence signature of synchronous head lead code is finished the wireless module that sheet can make node and is realized the synchronous of communication and symbol; The fixed value of the initial separator of synchronous head frame is 0xF7, is used for identifying the beginning of a communication frame, and realize communication data on byte synchronously; The communication frame frame length is inserted into when node sends data, only accounts for 1 byte, is used for realizing that the wireless module of node sends or receive adjustable length communication frame; The frame control byte is the length of frame to the length value of postamble, by low 7 bit representations of frame length; Because frame length must not receive the length that sends First Input First Output greater than radio frequency, so frame length must not be greater than 127 bytes;
● the frame control information of communication frame
The frame control information of communication frame accounts for 2 bytes, comprise acknowledges requests, reply answer, type of receipt, transmission types, on/following row labels, depth value, encryption indicator and eight parts of maintaining secrecy; Wherein, acknowledges requests accounts for 1, and the expression user sends the request of acknowledgement frame after the recipient is received communication frame, then is 1 if need the recipient to send the acknowledges requests position, otherwise is 0; Reply answer and account for 1, when the recipient receives user's acknowledges requests and replys, reply back and be reset to 1; Type of receipt accounts for 1, describe to send the node of this communication frame as the mode of communication receiver's received communication frame, and when for control monitoring type, this position is 0, and when being dormancy/poll type, this position is 1; Transmission types accounts for 2, and the transmission types of this node when the node that describe to send this communication frame is exactly sender of communications when transmission types is 00 during for detection node, is 10 during for the communication forward node, is 11 during for convergent access node; On/1 at following row labels station, when the communication frame father node to the child node downlink transfer, this position is 1, on the contrary the communication frame uplink is 0; Depth value accounts for 2, describes the node level that this frame the last time transmitted by node in tree-like backbone network; Because high byte accounted for 8 during the node communication address arranged, so depth value is 8 to the maximum; Encryption indicator accounts for 1, and communication frame is encrypted, and this position is 1, otherwise is 0;
● the address
The address accounts for 2 bytes, at communication frame by detection node to access node, the source address of communication frame is described in the uplink communication process of aggregation node again; At communication frame by aggregation node to access node, the destination address of communication frame is described in the downlink communication of detection node again;
● port numbers
Port numbers accounts for 1 byte, in order to describe the special services that same node provides; Give fixing serve port with the port number assignment of 0x00～0x2F, realize the Network Management function; Give user's application processing function with the port number assignment of 0x30～0xEF; The port numbers of 0xF0～0xFE is reserved; The 0xFF port numbers can be used as Broadcast Port;
(3) obtain link power cost between adjacent node; Employing is the minimal spanning tree algorithm of weight with the Power penalty of inter-node communication, obtains the mode of communicating of upper strata tree type backbone network; Based on the mode of communicating of upper strata tree type backbone network, calculate the communication condition of each child node, set up the communication network of network power cost minimum;
1. obtain link power cost between adjacent node
The autonomous different power of emission from low to high of each node meeting in the backbone network of upper strata; Node sends and comprises the probe command of present node transmitting power, and monitors the probe command of other nodes; When node receives the probe command of a plurality of nodes, only select to have its probe command with the minimum emissive power of probe node signal post need and reply; This power is called the Power penalty of two inter-node communications; After receiving the response message that is detected node when node, give record with being detected the mailing address of node and the Power penalty of two node communications; Along with the increase of node transmitting power, the node signal coverage increases, and the adjacent node number that detects increases thereupon; When the node transmitting power reaches its maximum, can obtain its all adjacent node, and collect the Power penalty of itself and all adjacent nodes, finally form this node to the Power penalty of communicating by letter between its all adjacent nodes; When the transmitting power of each node in the backbone network of upper strata all reaches maximum, can finally obtain the Power penalty table of each node communication in the backbone network of upper strata;
The Power penalty information that each node of upper strata backbone network is communicated by letter all adjacent nodes of this node and its with maximum transmission power is broadcasted away, makes its all adjacent node all obtain the Power penalty information of this node; Each node in the network is abandoned after the communication information of its adjacent node node non-conterminous with it, finally obtain this node be adjacent node communication with and the adjacent node Power penalty of communicating by letter to each other; Finish after communication cost obtains at each node, the Power penalty of upper layer communication network obtains to be finished;
2. adopting the Power penalty with inter-node communication is the minimal spanning tree algorithm of weight, obtains the mode of communicating of upper strata tree type backbone network
The communication link that track traffic infrastructure service state detects the upper strata backbone network of communication network is guaranteeing that node is adjacent under the prerequisite of the direct or indirect communication of node, communication gross power cost minimum with whole network is target, optimizes the transmitting power of node in the network; Can be approximately the Power penalty of finding the solution with two nodes is the minimum spanning tree of the communication network of power;
Aggregation node in the backbone network of upper strata begins the Power penalty optimizing process of this node by the process of topology optimization of broadcast topology optimization order startup the whole network after node receives and orders; After each node in the backbone network of upper strata was realized optimizing, the communication network optimize of overall power cost minimum was finished;
The present invention begins to be optimized from aggregation node, selects the Prim algorithm in the minimal spanning tree algorithm; The optimization step of upper strata tree type backbone network communication link is as follows:
A) Power penalty of each inter-node communication of upper layer communication network of obtaining is arranged by order from low to high, set up neighbor node set and the local node of link and gather;
B) with aggregation node be the link of the Power penalty minimum of point selection and aggregation node direct communication;
C) another end points with link joins in the neighbor node set of aggregation node, constitutes the local node set;
D) choose link with the Power penalty minimum of local node direct communication;
E) if the node of both link ends all in local node set, then returns step (c); Otherwise, in does not gather the node adding this locality in the set of this locality; Add simultaneously in the neighbor node set of local node of direct communication with it;
F) if when the node in the local node set does not cover all nodes of upper layer network, return step (d); When having comprised all nodes of upper layer communication network in the local node set, the Power penalty optimization of upper strata backbone network communication finishes; With the power of communications of required maximum in the set of the neighbor node of each node in the network broadcasting power as this node;
3. based on the mode of communicating of upper strata tree type backbone network, calculate the communication condition of each child node, set up the communication network of network power cost minimum
The upper strata backbone network is born the main task of network service, for the high speed that guarantees communication is smooth and easy, should realizes eliminating the broadcast storm of inter-node communication and guarantee that the communication path between root node and non-root node is unique; According to the design of mailing address above as can be known, the high byte of node communication address partly refers to access node in the backbone network under this node, so the mailing address of node in backbone network uses the high byte part of this node communication address;
The tree topology of upper strata backbone network has determined the uniqueness of communicating by letter between root node and non-root node; Node in the backbone network needed the degree of depth of contrast communication frame and this node before the forwarding communication frame, judge whether communication frame was transmitted, to reach the generation of stopping broadcast storm in the backbone network; Each node in the backbone network of upper strata all is assigned backbone network mailing address and subnet mask, node in the backbone network judges by the subnet mask of this node and the address high byte in the communication frame are partly carried out logic and operation whether the destination node in the communication frame is this node;
The topological optimization of upper strata backbone network makes each node in the backbone network all obtain the neighbor node set of self; Each node M in the backbone network is after having determined the local degree of depth of node, mailing address and the mask of communicating by letter, and sending adding to its all neighbor node (not comprising its father node) is the request of the tree type subnet of root node with this node; When node M is received the response message of all neighbor nodes, the depth value of the child node of computing node M, communication mask-length and spendable mailing address scope, and send to the node that all adhere to the node M tree type subnet that is root node;
The concrete computational methods of the communication condition of child node are as follows:
D
c=D+1 (1)
L
c=L+log
2(x+n+1) (2)
R
ca={R+R
a×2
8-Lc,(R
a∈[1,2
(Lc-L)-1])} (3)
Wherein, D is the depth value of the arbitrary node M in the backbone network of upper strata, and L is the communication mask-length of node M, and R is the mailing address (node M should be reserved x address at least) of node M; N is the child node number of node M; D
c, L
c, R
CaBe respectively depth value, communication mask-length, the mailing address span of the child node (ChildNode) of node M;
(4) after upper strata tree type backbone network was finished, access node adopted the coverage matching way to detection node invitations that networks, the star-like detection net of structure lower floor;
After upper strata tree type backbone network made up and finishes, aggregation node started the structure of the star-like detection net of lower floor; After the access node in lower floor's detection net receives the order that makes up star-like detection net, will outwards launch the networking invitation that comprises this access node mailing address and track traffic infrastructure state implication with its maximum transmission power; Detection node is obtained the invitation of access node by channel-monitoring; Because the diffusivity of wireless signal, detection node can receive a plurality of networkings and invite, at this moment, detection node need judge whether the coverage information of access node middle orbit traffic infrastructure state implication contains the installation position information of self, if then select this access node to be the father node of self, if the coverage information of all access node middle orbit traffic infrastructure state implications does not comprise this node, then select an access node as the father node of oneself nearby; Afterwards, the low byte of detection node is partly understood numeral of picked at random, and sends networking token and the hardware identifier application networking of agreement in advance to father node;
The correctness of the networking token of access node by judging detection node determines that this access node of adding of detection node forms the legitimacy of star-like detection net; Access node guarantees that also the low byte of its all sub-detection node does not partly have repetition, otherwise will order the more low byte part of change of address of detection node; After access node is accepted the networking application of all qualified detection node, send allowance networking information to detection node; Detection node partly adds the mailing address high byte of this access node in the mailing address high byte part of oneself then, constitutes the mailing address of detection node, and sends the own complete communication information to its father node;
Access node is no longer received the networking request of any detection node, then is the star-like detection network struction success of father node with this access node; After the star-like detection network struction of all access nodes was finished, whole lower floor detected the structure of net and finishes; The communication of the star-like detection net of lower floor also divides for by access node to the downlink communication of detection node with by detection node two kinds of communication types of uplink communication to access node; The mailing address that should comprise the target detection node in the former communication frame should comprise the mailing address of local detection node in the latter's the communication frame; Two kinds of communication modes all need the recipient that the mailing address in the communication frame and local mailing address are compared, and communicate by letter then that to detect Netcom reliable existing in lower floor if belong to this locality.
2. a kind of Access Network construction method that detects towards track traffic infrastructure service state according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in whole communication process, detection node can be opened park mode in a long time, prolongs the life cycle of whole wireless senser communication network.
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