Rock stratum bidirectional displacement monitoring device and monitoring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering, a kind of especially is bidirectional displacement monitoring device and monitoring method to rock stratum, invisible deep.
Background technology
In the Geotechnical Engineering, deep strata displacement has complicacy, disguise, and the strata displacement monitoring device in the use mainly contains electronic type and mechanical type.
The monitoring device of electronic type can be finished the forward of strata displacement and the bidirectional test of negative sense, but cost is very high, and the failure rate height is unfavorable for large-scale application.And the mechanical displacement monitoring instrument of current use mainly is the monodisplacement meter, can't finish the bidirectional displacement monitoring.This displacement meter can be noted down total displacement of rock stratum in a period of time, and is that single forward bed separation displacement or the closely knit displacement of extruding that is attended by negative sense can't be judged from the result of observation to total displacement amount in during this period of time.Yet so just inevitable judgement to the rock stratum mechanics brings error.For example: the rock stratum is subjected to displacement 10mm in observation early stage, and observation at last finished to read the strata displacement amount and then was 5mm because the left and right sides strata displacement of stress field reduces 5mm the later stage.Observed result shows that 5mm and the actual conditions difference of strata displacement is very big, will directly have influence on the judgement to the rock stratum mechanics, the design of reinforcing supporting scheme etc.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned technical matters, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mechanical rock stratum bidirectional displacement monitoring device and monitoring method, can monitor positive-displacement, the closely knit negative sense displacement that brings of extruding that the rock stratum causes owing to absciss layer by these apparatus and method, provide reliable field data for analyzing rock stratum mechanics, failure mode etc.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of rock stratum bidirectional displacement monitoring device, comprise the anchor head that is fixed in the rockhole and be arranged on the outer reading device of boring, described reading device comprises first spring of mutually noninterfere, second spring and be used for monitoring first spring, the scale of the second telescopic spring amount, be connected to first lead-in wire on the described anchor head, described first lead-in wire passes boring and connects the movable end of first spring, described first lead-in wire is provided with the friction button, described friction button and first lead-in wire form friction pair, described friction is buckled and is connected to second lead-in wire, described second lead-in wire connects the movable end of second spring, and described reading device comprises the unidirectional mechanism that stops second spring to stretch down in working order.
As further improvement in the technical proposal, described reading device comprises sleeve pipe, the stiff end of the stiff end of described first spring and second spring is separately fixed at the two ends of sleeve pipe, and described first lead-in wire and second lead-in wire stretch in the sleeve pipe, and described scale is arranged on the sleeve pipe.
As further improvement in the technical proposal, described unidirectional mechanism is positioned on the internal surface of sleeve pipe of the described second spring periphery and the unidirectional sawtooth of clip second spring.
As further improvement in the technical proposal, the sleeve pipe of the described second spring periphery is provided with the scale groove, the movable end of described second spring fixedly has tuning drive gear, and described tuning drive gear stretches out from the scale groove, and described unidirectional mechanism is the unidirectional sawtooth that is arranged on the scale groove.
As further improvement in the technical proposal, described anchor head is the multi-claw type drag hook.
When the positive-displacement of absciss layer takes place for a kind of rock stratum bidirectional displacement monitoring method, rock stratum, be fixed on anchor head in the rockhole and drive first lead-in wire first spring is stretched, under the effect of friction button or unidirectional mechanism, second lead-in wire and second spring are static; When the closely knit negative sense displacement of extruding took place in the rock stratum, the first spring amount of tension reduced, and second lead-in wire is with friction button and the motion simultaneously of first lead-in wire, and the second spring amount of tension reduces; Final deformation quantity by first spring is read the rock stratum total displacement, reads the negative sense displacement of rock stratum by the deformation quantity of second spring.
As further improvement in the technical proposal, during the positive-displacement of rock stratum, the relative friction forces between friction button goes between with first is less than the pulling force of second spring or the unidirectional mechanism resistance to second spring, and second spring is static; During rock stratum negative sense displacement, the relative friction forces between the friction button goes between with first is less than the pulling force of second spring, and the second spring amount of tension reduces.
As further improvement in the technical proposal, the original state of described first spring is that extended state and first lead-in wire are stretching, the initial installment state of described second spring need guarantee the pulling force of second spring equal to rub buckle with first the lead-in wire relative slippage maximal friction, and second the lead-in wire stretching.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention goes out the rock stratum because the total displacement that absciss layer positive-displacement and the closely knit negative sense displacement of extruding produce by the stroke analog monitoring of first spring, and go out rock stratum negative sense displacement by the stroke analog monitoring of second spring, break through the mechanical type displacement monitor and can only monitor the technical barrier of monodisplacement, it implements simple and convenient, provide field data accurately and reliably for analyzing rock stratum mechanics, failure mode etc., have good popularizing application prospect.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of rock stratum bidirectional displacement monitoring device, comprise the anchor head 1 that is fixed in the rockhole and be arranged on the outer reading device of boring, reading device comprises first spring 2, second spring 3 of mutually noninterfere and is used for the scale of monitoring first spring 2, second spring, 3 strokes below boring.In the present embodiment, anchor head 1 is the multi-claw type drag hook, be connected to first lead-in wire 4 thereon, first lead-in wire 4 is passed down through boring and connects the movable end of first spring 2, move on the anchor head 1 and can drive first lead-in wire, 4 first springs 2 that move and stretch, otherwise, when anchor head 1 moves down, when anchor head 1 moves down, thereby first spring, 2 amount of tension reduce to continue tension first lead-in wire 4.
First lead-in wire 4 is provided with friction button 6, and friction button 6 and first lead-in wire 4 forms friction pair, and both can slide relatively and produce frictional resistance.Be connected to the movable end of second lead-in wire, 5, the second lead-in wires, 5 connections, second spring 3 on the friction button 6.Reading device also comprises the unidirectional mechanism that stops second spring 3 to stretch down in working order.
In the present embodiment, reading device is the two ends that the stiff end of sleeve pipe 7, the first springs 2 of a level and second spring 3 is separately fixed at sleeve pipe 7, and first lead-in wire, 4 and second lead-in wire 5 stretches in the sleeve pipe 7.Scale is distributed in the both side surface of sleeve pipe 7, corresponding to the periphery of first spring 2 and second spring 3.First lead-in wire 4 and second lead-in wire 5 include and vertical section that holes parallel and stretch into the horizontal segment of sleeve pipe 7, and friction button 6 is arranged in vertical section of first lead-in wire 4.
In the present embodiment, the sleeve pipe 7 of second spring, 3 peripheries is provided with the scale groove, the movable end of second spring 3 fixedly has tuning drive gear 9, tuning drive gear 9 stretches out from the scale groove, unidirectional mechanism is the unidirectional sawtooth 8 that is arranged on the scale groove, block tuning drive gear 9 by unidirectional sawtooth 8, prevent that second spring 3 from stretching down in working order.
Certainly, as another mode, be positioned on sleeve pipe 7 inwalls of second spring, 3 peripheries unidirectional sawtooth 8 is set, directly clip second spring 3 is with as unidirectional mechanism.
A kind of rock stratum bidirectional displacement monitoring method at first gets out a boring in the rock stratum, will fix in the anchor head 1 device boring and with the rock stratum.Sleeve pipe 7, friction button 6, first lead-in wire, 4, second lead-in wire 5, first spring 2 and second spring 3 are in place.Must guarantee that wherein first lead-in wire, 4 and second lead-in wire 5 is exceptionally straight, remain in certain incipient extension state after first spring 2 is in place, as the initial observation position.
The initial installment state of second spring 3 need guarantee the pulling force of second spring 3 equal to rub buckle 6 and first the lead-in wire 4 relative slippages maximal friction, as the initial observation position.The initial position installation method of second spring 3 is as follows: second spring 3 is stretching to half of isometric with sleeve pipe 7 left sides, afterwards second spring 3 slowly be contracted to friction buckle 6 no longer with 4 slippages of first lead-in wire, making friction detain 6 and being in critical conditions just.
When the positive-displacement of absciss layer takes place in the rock stratum, anchor head 1 drive first lead-in wire 4 that is fixed in the rockhole stretches first spring 2, friction button 6 and first goes between 4 relative friction forces less than the pulling force of second spring 3 or the unidirectional mechanism resistance to second spring 3, friction button 6, second lead-in wire 5 and second spring 3 is static, first lead-in wire 4 from friction button 6 by and first spring 2 that stretches; When the rock stratum takes place to push closely knit negative sense displacement, first spring, 2 amount of tension reduce, the relative friction forces that friction button 6 and first lead-in wire is 4 is less than the pulling force of second spring 3, therefore friction button 6 is relative static with first lead-in wire 4, second lead-in wire 5 is with the motion simultaneously of friction button 6 and first lead-in wire 4 simultaneously, and this moment, second spring, 3 amount of tension reduced.
When positive-displacement and negative sense displacement take place in rock stratum simultaneously, read the rock stratum total displacement by the final deformation quantity of first spring 2, read the negative sense displacement of rock stratum by the deformation quantity of second spring 3; When the rock stratum only monodisplacement takes place, can read the displacement of rock stratum by the deformation quantity of first spring 2.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not constitute limiting the scope of the invention.