CN103275311A - Polylactide-loaded prodrug and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polylactide-loaded prodrug and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103275311A CN103275311A CN2013101810552A CN201310181055A CN103275311A CN 103275311 A CN103275311 A CN 103275311A CN 2013101810552 A CN2013101810552 A CN 2013101810552A CN 201310181055 A CN201310181055 A CN 201310181055A CN 103275311 A CN103275311 A CN 103275311A
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- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- -1 sulfhydryl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KLWPJMFMVPTNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Camptothecin Natural products CCC1(O)C(=O)OCC2=C1C=C3C4Nc5ccccc5C=C4CN3C2=O KLWPJMFMVPTNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N N-debenzoyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-10-deacetyltaxol Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@](C([C@H](O)C3=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C[C@]1(O)C3(C)C)=O)(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1OC[C@]12OC(=O)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940127093 camptothecin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N camptothecin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-camptothecin Natural products C1=CC=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)C5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003668 docetaxel Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ZPAKPRAICRBAOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenbufen Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)CCC(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPAKPRAICRBAOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001395 fenbufen Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ketoprofen Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960000991 ketoprofen Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000143 2-carboxyethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004679 doxorubicin Drugs 0.000 claims 2
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- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- HSUDWURBWSUCOB-NUDIOSPNSA-N 7-(2′,3′′-dihydroxypropyl carbonoxy)paclitaxel Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)OCC(O)CO)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3(C21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HSUDWURBWSUCOB-NUDIOSPNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012956 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl-ketone Substances 0.000 description 4
- MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2(O)CCCCC2)C=1C1(O)CCCCC1 MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940009456 adriamycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNODIIQQMGDSEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1(O)CCCCC1 QNODIIQQMGDSEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JENOLWCGNVWTJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,4-dimethylphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JENOLWCGNVWTJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DKEGCUDAFWNSSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-dibromooctane Chemical compound BrCCCCCCCCBr DKEGCUDAFWNSSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZZAHLOABNWIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCCC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DZZAHLOABNWIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMNCBSZOIQAUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KMNCBSZOIQAUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQZJOQXSCSZQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BQZJOQXSCSZQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 CC(C)C(C)(C)C(CC(C)OC(C(CC1CC2)(C2CC1S(C)*)O)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(CC(C)OC(C(CC1CC2)(C2CC1S(C)*)O)=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- WKTRAVJHIBQIPC-RXMQYKEDSA-N CC[C@@H](C)[NH+](C)[O-] Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)[NH+](C)[O-] WKTRAVJHIBQIPC-RXMQYKEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monothioglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)CS PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-(4-phenylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940065514 poly(lactide) Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a polylactide-loaded prodrug and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: carrying out a sulfhydryl-alkene click chemical reaction on a functionalized polylactide with a lateral group containing norbornene and a sulfhydryl compound to obtain polylactide containing a hydroxyl side group or carboxyl group; and carrying out an esterification reaction on the polylactide containing the hydroxyl side group or carboxyl group and drug molecules to obtain the prodrug. The prodrug prepared by using the preparation method is large and controllable in drug loading capacity, good in hydrophily and completely degradable; and the preparation method is simple, economical, highly-efficient and non-toxic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a polylactide loaded prodrug and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of drug modification.
Background
Prodrugs are compounds which, after oral administration, are metabolized chemically or enzymatically in vivo to release the pharmacologically active metabolite or prodrug. The method is to connect the original drug and a carrier through chemical bonds to form a temporary chemical combination or a covering, thereby changing or modifying the physicochemical property of the original drug, and then degrading the original drug in vivo to exert the drug effect. This in turn can be said to be a carrier prodrug. Since the 20 th century and the 50 th century, the concept plays a great role in the structural modification and the chemical development of drugs, and becomes an important means for the design and development of drugs in the 21 st century.
The small molecular active medicine is fixed by the polymer, and then slowly released in vivo to play a role, has the characteristics of long acting, slow release and the like, and meanwhile, the high molecular medicine can be endocytosed by cells and is easily taken by tumor cells, so that the small molecular active medicine has a function of directional action. And the traditional micromolecule antitumor drugs have the defects of large toxic and side effects, low drug effective utilization rate and membrane permeation capability, lack of ideal specific ligands, need of frequent administration and the like, and are limited in clinical application. Thus, the traditional administration mode of the high-molecular prodrug is changed.
The development of a prodrug is actually the development of a carrier, and a good polymeric prodrug carrier should meet the following requirements: 1) active functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, amino and the like; 2) the biocompatibility is good, no toxicity exists, and no immunogenicity exists; 3) good biodegradability and molecular weight below renal excretion values; 4) practicality, easily available raw materials. Therefore, the selection of the polymer modifier is the key for modifying drug molecules, and aliphatic polyesters such as polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and poly epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) belong to biodegradable polymers; it is emphasized that its molecular weight can be controlled in a relatively wide range.
Aliphatic polyesters represented by Polylactide (PLA) are a few biomedical materials which are approved by the American FDA and have the advantages of good biocompatibility and biodegradability, but have a single chemical structure, and a high-molecular main chain lacks functional groups capable of being further bonded with drugs and bioactive substances, so that in order to solve the problems, hydrophilic groups with reactivity are necessarily introduced into side chains of polylactide, so that a polymer drug carrier which can be compared with polyglutamic acid, namely a drug carrier with hydrophilicity, degradability and good biocompatibility, is obtained, and effective bonding of drug molecules, target molecules and quantum dots is realized by utilizing the functional groups with reactivity; obtaining such a prodrug loaded with a carrier polymer has great scientific and economic value significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the biomedical material of PLA in the prior art has single chemical structure, poor water solubility and the lack of active functional groups capable of being further bonded with drugs and bioactive substances on a high-molecular main chain, the invention aims to provide the polylactide-loaded prodrug which has good hydrophilicity, can be completely biodegraded, has high and controllable drug loading capacity and high purity and contains a modifiable group.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an economical, efficient and non-toxic method for preparing the above polylactide-loaded prodrugs.
The invention provides a polylactide loaded prodrug, which has a structure of formula 1, formula 2 or formula 3:
wherein,
x is 0-100, y is 1-100; x1 is 0-100, y1+ z1 is 1-100;
n is 10 to 100;
R1is C1~C3One of the alkoxy groups of (a);
in formula 3:
D is a group generated after esterification reaction of a drug molecule containing hydroxyl and polylactide containing a carboxyl side group;
and B is a group generated after esterification reaction of a medicament molecule containing carboxyl and polylactide containing a hydroxyl side group.
Preferred prodrugs have the structure of formula 1, formula 2 or formula 3, wherein R1Is C1~C3One of the alkoxy groups of (a); r2Is composed ofm is 1-5; r3Is composed ofr is 2-5; in formula 3: r4Is composed ofR5Is composed ofAnd/orR6Is composed ofOr R4Is composed ofR5Is composed ofAnd/orR6Is composed ofOr R4Is composed ofR5Is composed ofAnd/orR6Is composed of
More preferred prodrugsHas a structure of formula 1, formula 2 or formula 3, wherein R1Is one of methoxy, ethoxy or propoxy; r2Is composed ofm is 1-5; r3Is composed ofr is 2-5; r in the formula 34Is composed ofR5Is composed ofAnd/orR6Is composed ofOr R4Is composed ofR5Is composed ofAnd/orR6Is composed ofOr R4Is composed ofR5Is composed ofAnd/orR6Is composed of
The hydroxyl-containing drug molecules are one or more of paclitaxel, docetaxel, adriamycin or camptothecin.
The drug molecules containing carboxyl are one or more of aspirin, fenbufen and ketoprofen.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the prodrug, which comprises the steps of carrying out mercapto-alkene click chemical reaction on the polylactide with the side group containing norbornene functionalization and a mercapto compound to obtain the polylactide containing the hydroxyl side group or the carboxyl side group; carrying out esterification reaction on the obtained polylactide containing the hydroxyl side group or the carboxyl side group and drug molecules to obtain the compound; the mercapto compound has the structure of formula 4:
HS-R7
Wherein R is7Is one of 5-carboxypentyl group, 4-carboxybutyl group, 3-carboxypropyl group, 2-carboxyethyl group, carboxylic acid methyl group, 5-hydroxypentyl group, 4-hydroxybutyl group, 3-hydroxypropyl group, 2-hydroxyethylyl group, 4, 5-dihydroxypentyl group, 3, 5-dihydroxypentyl group, 2, 5-dihydroxypentyl group, 3, 4-dihydroxybutyl group, 2, 4-dihydroxybutyl group or 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl group.
The drug molecules are one or more of paclitaxel, docetaxel, adriamycin and camptothecin, or one or more of aspirin, fenbufen and ketoprofen.
The sulfydryl-alkene click chemical reaction is carried out under ultraviolet light of 250-400 nm.
One or more of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, benzophenone, 2-methyl benzophenone, 4-phenyl benzophenone, 3, 4-dimethyl benzophenone, 4' -bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin dimethyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin n-butyl ether or benzoin isobutyl ether is/are added into the sulfydryl-alkene click chemistry reaction to serve as a photosensitizer.
The reaction time of the sulfydryl-alkene click chemistry is 1-12 h.
The esterification reaction is that in the presence of a condensing agent dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and an organic amine catalyst pyridine, triethylamine or N, N-dimethyl-p-aminopyridine, polylactide containing a hydroxyl side group and a medicament molecule containing a carboxyl are subjected to esterification reaction at 0-30 ℃ in THF or dichloromethane; or the esterification reaction is carried out between the polylactide containing the carboxyl side group and the drug molecule containing the hydroxyl under the conditions at 0-30 ℃ to obtain the prodrug loaded by the polylactide.
The molar consumption of the condensing agent dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is 1-2 times of that of the carboxyl participating in the reaction; the molar dosage of the organic amine catalyst is 0.5-2 times of that of the carboxyl group participating in the reaction.
The preparation method of the polylactide with the side group containing norbornene functionalization comprises the following steps: carrying out substitution reaction on lactide and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in carbon tetrachloride or benzene solution at 60-90 ℃ under the catalytic action of dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) to obtain bromolactide; carrying out elimination reaction on the obtained bromolactide in a dichloromethane solvent under the action of triethylamine at 0-5 ℃ to obtain double-bond lactide; carrying out Diels-Alder reaction on the obtained double-bond lactide and freshly distilled cyclopentadiene in a carbon tetrachloride or benzene solution at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ to obtain lactide containing norbornene side groups; TBD or DBU is used as a catalyst, dichloromethane is used as a solvent, ring opening polymerization is carried out at-20-40 ℃, and then the norbornene functionalized polylactides are obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, a large number of hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups are introduced into the side chains of the polylactide, so that a large number of sites are provided for the key bonding of drug molecules, and the economic, efficient and nontoxic polylactide-loaded prodrug which has large and controllable drug-loading capacity and can be completely degraded is prepared; the preparation method is simple, safe and nontoxic, has low cost and good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of the poly (lactide) functionalized by the norbornene in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of polylactide containing pendant monohydroxy functional groups of example 1.
Figure 3 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of the polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrug of example 1.
FIG. 4 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of polylactide containing pendant dihydroxy functional groups of example 2.
Fig. 5 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of the polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrug of example 2.
FIG. 6 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of polylactide containing pendant monocarboxylic functional groups of example 3.
FIG. 7 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of the polylactide-loaded paclitaxel prodrug of example 3.
FIG. 8 is a gel chromatogram of polylactide containing pendant monohydroxy functional groups and polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrug of example 1: a polylactide containing pendant monohydroxy functional groups; b is a polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrug.
FIG. 9 is a gel chromatogram of the polylactide containing pendant dihydroxy functional groups and the polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrug of example 2: a is a polylactide containing pendant dihydroxy functional groups; b is a polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrug.
FIG. 10 is a gel chromatogram of polylactide containing pendant monocarboxylic functionality and polylactide-loaded paclitaxel prodrug of example 3: a is polylactide containing pendant monocarboxylic functional groups; b is a polylactide-loaded paclitaxel prodrug.
FIG. 11 is an infrared spectrum of polylactide containing pendant monohydroxy functional groups and polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrug of example 1: a polylactide containing pendant monohydroxy functional groups; b is a polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrug.
FIG. 12 is an infrared spectrum of polylactide containing pendant dihydroxy functional groups and polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrugs of example 2: a is a polylactide containing pendant dihydroxy functional groups; b is a polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrug.
FIG. 13 is an infrared spectrum of polylactide containing pendant monocarboxylic functionality and polylactide-loaded paclitaxel prodrugs of example 3: a is polylactide containing pendant monocarboxylic functional groups; b is a polylactide-loaded paclitaxel prodrug.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1
1. Preparation of polylactide containing pendant monohydroxy functional groups:
0.100g (double bond: 0.00048 mol) of a side norbornene-functionalized polylactide (see FIG. 1 for nuclear magnetic resonance) was completely dissolved in 8mL of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) under the protection of nitrogen, 0.187g (0.0024 mol) of mercaptoethanol was added, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (photoinitiator 184) dissolved in 2mL of THF was added thereto, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature under an ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of about 365nm for 1 hour, after the reaction was completed, THF was removed by spinning, methylene chloride was dissolved, and the solution was precipitated in ether to obtain a side monohydroxy functional group-containing polylactide. The structural representation is shown in a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum (figure 2), an infrared graph (figure 11 a) and a molecular weight distribution (figure 8 a), which indicate that the polymer is successfully synthesized.
2. Preparation of polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrugs:
in a 25mL reaction flask, 0.100g (hydroxyl group: 0.00035 mol) of polylactide having a monohydroxy functional group on the side was dissolved in 5mL of methylene chloride, 0.063g (0.00035 mol) of aspirin was added, a solution of 0.099g (0.00035 mol) of DCC in methylene chloride was further added to the reaction system, a catalytic amount of DMAP was further added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, insoluble matter was removed by filtration. The dichloromethane is removed by spinning, a small amount of DMF is added to dissolve the dichloromethane, and the solution is placed in a dialysis bag (3500K) to be dialyzed in secondary water for 48 hours to obtain the polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrug. The structural representation is shown in a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum chart (figure 3), an infrared chart (figure 11 b) and a molecular weight distribution chart (figure 8 b), which indicate that the polymer has been successfully synthesized.
Example 2
1. Preparation of polylactide containing pendant dihydroxy functional groups:
under the protection of nitrogen, 0.100g (double bond: 0.00048 mol) of the side norbornene functionalized polylactide is completely dissolved in 8mL of THF, then 0.259g (0.0024 mol) of 3-mercapto-1, 2-propanediol is added, then 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone dissolved with 2mL of THF is added, the reaction is carried out for 1h at room temperature under the illumination of an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 365nm, after the reaction is finished, THF is spun off, crude product is obtained by sedimentation in ether, then the crude product is dissolved with a small amount of DMF, and the crude product is placed in a dialysis bag (3500K) to be dialyzed in secondary water for 48h, thus obtaining the polylactide containing the side dihydroxy functional group. The structural representation is shown in a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum chart (figure 4), an infrared chart (figure 12 a) and a molecular weight distribution chart (figure 9 a), which indicate that the polymer has been successfully synthesized.
2. Preparation of polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrugs:
0.100g (hydroxyl: 0.00063 mol) of a bishydroxy functional polylactide on the side was dissolved in 5mL of THF in a 25mL reaction flask, 0.114g (0.00063 mol) of aspirin was added, and a solution of 0.130g (0.00063 mol) of DCC in THF was added to the reaction system, and a catalytic amount of DMAP was further added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, insoluble matter was removed by filtration. THF is removed, a small amount of DMF is added to dissolve the solution, and the solution is placed in a dialysis bag (3500K) to be dialyzed in secondary water for 48 hours to obtain the polylactide-loaded aspirin prodrug. The structural representation is shown in a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum chart (figure 5), an infrared chart (figure 12 b) and a molecular weight distribution chart (figure 9 b), which indicate that the polymer has been successfully synthesized.
Example 3
1. Preparation of polylactide containing pendant monocarboxylic functional groups:
under the protection of nitrogen, 0.100g (double bond: 0.00048 mol) of the side norbornene functionalized polylactide is completely dissolved in 8mL of THF, then 0.254g (0.0024 mol) of mercaptoethanol is added, then 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone dissolved in 2mL of THF is added, the reaction is carried out for 1h at room temperature under the illumination of an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 365nm, after the reaction is finished, THF is removed, DMF is dissolved, and the solution is precipitated in ether, thus obtaining the polylactide containing side monocarboxylic functional groups. The structural representation is shown in a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum chart (figure 6), an infrared chart (figure 13 a) and a molecular weight distribution chart 10a, which indicate that the polymer has been successfully synthesized.
2. Preparation of polylactide-loaded paclitaxel prodrug:
in a 25mL reaction flask, 0.100g (carboxyl: 0.00029 mol) of a single carboxyl functional group-pendant polylactide was dissolved in 5mL of THF, 0.050g (0.000059 mol) of paclitaxel was added, and a solution of 0.012g (0.000059 mol) of DCC in THF was added to the reaction system, and a catalytic amount of DMAP was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 24 hours. After the reaction is finished, insoluble substances are removed by filtration, THF is spun off, a small amount of DMF is added and placed in a dialysis bag (3500K) to be dialyzed in secondary water for 48 hours, and the polylactide-loaded taxol prodrug is obtained. The structural representation is shown in a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum chart (figure 7), an infrared chart (figure 13 b) and a molecular weight distribution chart 10b, which indicate that the polymer has been successfully synthesized.
Claims (6)
1. A polylactide-loaded prodrug having the structure of formula 1, formula 2, or formula 3:
wherein,
x is 0-100, y is 1-100; x1 is 0-100, y1+ z1 is 1-100;
n is 10 to 100;
R1is C1~C3One of the alkoxy groups of (a);
in formula 3:
D is a group generated after esterification reaction of a drug molecule containing hydroxyl and polylactide containing a carboxyl side group;
and B is a group generated after esterification reaction of a medicament molecule containing carboxyl and polylactide containing a hydroxyl side group.
3. The prodrug of claim 2 in which R1Is one of methoxyl, ethoxyl or propoxyl.
4. The prodrug of claim 1, wherein the hydroxyl-containing drug molecule is one or more of paclitaxel, docetaxel, doxorubicin, or camptothecin; the drug molecules containing carboxyl are one or more of aspirin, fenbufen and ketoprofen.
5. A process for the preparation of a prodrug as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a norbornene-functionalized polylactide containing pendant groups is subjected to a thiol-ene click chemistry reaction with a thiol compound to give a polylactide containing pendant hydroxyl or carboxyl groups; carrying out esterification reaction on the obtained polylactide containing the hydroxyl side group or the carboxyl side group and drug molecules to obtain the compound; the mercapto compound has the structure of formula 4:
HS-R7
formula 4
Wherein R is7Is 5-carboxypentyl, 4-carboxybutyl, 3-carboxypropyl, 2-carboxyethyl, carboxylic acid methyl, 5-hydroxyOne of a pivaloyl group, a 4-hydroxybutyl group, a 3-hydroxypropanyl group, a 2-hydroxyethylyl group, a 4, 5-dihydroxypentyl group, a 3, 5-dihydroxypentyl group, a 2, 5-dihydroxypentyl group, a 3, 4-dihydroxybutyl group, a 2, 4-dihydroxybutyl group or a 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl group.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the drug molecule is one or more of paclitaxel, docetaxel, doxorubicin, and camptothecin, or one or more of aspirin, fenbufen, and ketoprofen.
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