CN103270411A - 包括不同paek材料的复合材料的密封流体部件 - Google Patents

包括不同paek材料的复合材料的密封流体部件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103270411A
CN103270411A CN2011800616338A CN201180061633A CN103270411A CN 103270411 A CN103270411 A CN 103270411A CN 2011800616338 A CN2011800616338 A CN 2011800616338A CN 201180061633 A CN201180061633 A CN 201180061633A CN 103270411 A CN103270411 A CN 103270411A
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fluid
fluid conduit
conduit systems
compound substance
systems
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CN103270411B (zh
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伯恩哈德·德赫姆尔
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Agilent Technologies Inc
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Agilent Technologies Inc
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    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/60Construction of the column
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    • B01D15/10Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
    • B01D15/22Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to the construction of the column
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    • B29C66/9192Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/91933Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined higher than said fusion temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

通过提供包括第一材料(305)和第二材料(310)的复合材料(300)来制造用于流体流路中的密封流体部件(280),其中第一材料(305)和第二材料(310)是不同的PAEK材料,第一材料(305)的熔点低于第二材料(310)。复合材料(300)被加热以通过第一材料(305)提供密封。温度选择为在处于或高于第一材料的熔点且低于第二材料的熔点的范围内,以使得第一材料可以被再成形,而第二材料保持其形状。

Description

包括不同PAEK材料的复合材料的密封流体部件
技术领域
本发明涉及流体部件的密封,特别是高效液相色谱法应用中的流体部件的密封。
背景技术
在高效液相色谱法(HPLC)中,通常必须在严格控制的流率下(例如,在微升每分钟到毫升每分钟的范围内)和使液体的压缩性变得显著的高压下(通常20-100MPa(200-1000bar(巴)),当前还更大地达到200MPa(2000bar))下提供液体。对于HPLC系统中的液体分离,包括样品流体(样品流体具有待分离化合物)的流动相被驱动通过固定相(例如色谱柱),因此将样品流体的不同化合物分离开,然后可以对不同化合物进行鉴定。
流动相(例如溶剂)通常在高压下被泵送通过填充介质(也称作填充材料)柱,待分析的样品(例如化学或生物混合物)被注入到柱中。在样品通过具有液体的柱时,不同的化合物(每种化合物对于填充介质具有不同的亲和性)以不同的速度移动通过柱。对于填充介质具有较大亲和性的那些化合物比具有较小亲和性的那些化合物更慢速地移动通过柱,这种速度差导致化合物在通过柱时彼此分离开。
具有分离的化合物的流动相离开柱并通过检测器,检测器例如通过分光光度吸光度测量来对分子进行鉴定。可以制作出检测器测量结果相对于洗脱时间(elution time)或体积的二维绘图(称作色谱图),根据色谱图可以鉴定化合物。对于每种化合物,色谱图显示单独的曲线或“峰值”。通过柱对化合物的有效分离是有利的,因为这种分离提供获得具有尖锐的最大拐点和窄基区宽度的明确定义的峰值的测量,从而允许对混合组分的优异分辨率和可靠鉴定。由不良的柱性能(所谓的“内部谱带展宽”)或不良的系统性能(所谓的“外部谱带展宽”)引起的宽峰是不期望的,因为这些宽峰会使得混合物的微量成分被主要成分掩盖而不能被鉴定出。
在操作期间,流动相的流穿过填充有固定相的柱,并且由于流动相和固定相之间的物理相互作用,可以实现不同化合物或成分的分离。在流动相包含样品流体的情况下,通常采用分离特性以分离这种样品流体的化合物。如本文使用的,术语“化合物”应当涵盖可以包括一种或多种不同成分的化合物。固定相受到机械力作用,该机械力具体地通过液压泵产生,液压泵将流动相通常从柱的上游连接部分泵送到柱的下游连接部分。由于流动,根据固定相和流动相的物理特性,沿着柱产生相对高的压力。
流动相的流路(flow path)通常包括联接在一起的多个单独部件,单独部件反过来还可由单独子部件组成。由于大部分HPLC应用中采用高压,需要在流路中并沿着流路需要对部件进行压力密封。此外,在需要生物相容性的情况下,必须确保沿流路的部件(包括导管)的可能与流动相和样品流体接触的所有表面由一般被认为具有生物相容性的材料组成,即,不会(例如从金属零件)释放出离子,离子会污染样品和/或柱填充材料、和/或不利地影响其分析本身。相应地,需要适当密封来确保这种生物相容性。
EP 1910731 A1公开了联接导管以使这些导管连通。每个导管适应于引导介质,并且具有出口和与该出口相邻的外表面。外表面和固体塑料被至少部分地插入到联接元件的孔中。塑料被塑化和/或至少部分地熔化。塑料被固化以将导管密封和固定在联接元件的孔内。联接元件可以是构造成测量被引导通过流体导管的流体的光学特性的流动室(flow cell)的一部分。
GB 2422411 A公开了用于将一个或多个流体导管放置成连通的流体端部装置。用于传输流体的导管具有近端、远端和大致圆柱形壳体,该壳体具有轴向孔和近端面。导管的近端被容纳在轴向孔内并且它们的轴线平行,孔被回填热塑性聚合物(最优选为PEEK)、被液化并冷却,以准备使导管撕裂密封面并使热塑性塑料将导管和壳体结合。
用于联接流体装置的不同部件(例如分离柱和导管)的装配件可商购并例如由Swagelok公司(例如参见http://www.swagelok.com)提供。US 5,074,599AUS6,494,500WO2005/084337WO2009/088663A1US 2008/0237112A1WO2010/000324A1中公开了常规装配件。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提供改进的流体部件密封,尤其用于HPLC应用。通过独立权利要求来解决该目标。通过从属权利要求示出其他实施例。
根据本发明的实施例包括提供用于流体流路中(优选用于HPLC应用中)的密封流体部件的方法。复合材料被设置成包括第一材料和第二材料。第一材料和第二材料两者都是聚芳醚酮(PAEK)材料但彼此不同,其中第一材料的熔点低于第二材料。复合材料被加热以通过第一材料提供密封。这些实施例允许具有较高熔点的第二材料保持其形状,而具有较低熔点的第一材料提供密封,可能需要该密封例如以提供在流体流路中或到流体流路的流体密闭密封和/或提供或确保生物相容性。
聚芳醚酮(PAEK)是一类具有高温稳定性和高机械强度的半晶态热塑性塑料。PAEK塑料的特征在于通过氧桥(醚基和羟基(酮))连接的亚苯基环。醚基与酮基的比例和顺序主要地影响聚合物的玻璃化转变温度和熔点。这还影响其耐热性和处理温度。酮基的比例越高,则聚合物链的刚性越大,这会导致更高的玻璃化转变温度和熔点。处理温度可以从350至430℃。PEAK系列的成员包括:聚醚酮(PEK)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酮酮(PEKK)、聚醚醚酮酮(PEEKK)和聚醚酮醚酮酮(PEKEKK)。
PAEK系列的聚合物提供相对高的相互粘附性能,例如从高表面张力可以明显看出(例如,根据VAN OSS方法的表面张力为44.2mN/m,而PTFE的表面张力为18.3mN/m)。由于第一和第二材料属于PAEK系列,从而可以实现沿着接触区域的紧密连接,从而允许高密封特性。此外,PAEK系列的聚合物是HPLC应用(例如HPLC仪器)所广泛接受的并且与大多数HPLC流动相相容。
由于第一和第二材料相同或高度相似的物理和化学性能(例如,热膨胀系数、比热容、热导率、特别是针对HPLC需求的化学相容性等等),复合材料的实施例可以提供优异的物理和化学性能。复合材料可以被选择为提供优异的熔融复合物,该复合物没有互相混合但流体密闭地形成在彼此上,因此在第一和第二材料之间表现出高密封性。
第一材料和第二材料之间的熔点差允许在将第一材料加热到可塑化(也称作可增塑)甚至液态时处理第一材料,而第二材料仍然(至少大体上)为固体并保持其形状,因此例如保持(例如用于一个或多个其他部件的)引导和/或对齐功能。本文中使用的术语“可塑化”可以理解为固体和液体之间的面团状或可揉捏的过渡状态,其中可塑化材料可以被再成形(即,改变物理尺寸),而基本不会破坏聚合物链并且需要的力小于固态中需要的力。
可以提供加热复合材料,以将第一材料密封到第二材料。可替换地或附加地,第一材料可以被密封到其他部件。
在其他部件将与复合材料联接的一个实施例中,提供第二材料的主体,并且其他部件被联接到(例如插入到)第二材料的主体。然后通过将第一材料形成到第二材料的主体(例如形成在第二材料的主体上)来提供复合材料。通过加热复合材料,将联接的其他部件(通过第一材料)密封到第二材料的主体。该实施例允许在加热复合材料期间使其他部件可以相对于第二材料被定位,而第一材料提供对其他部件的密封,其中第二材料仍然保持其形状和满足用于定位其他部件的要求。
在其他部件同样将与复合材料联接的另一实施例中,提供第二材料的主体,并且将第一材料形成到第二材料的主体以提供复合材料。其他部件被联接到(例如插入到)复合材料内的第二材料。加热复合材料,将其他部件(通过第一材料)密封到第二材料的主体。同样在本实施例中,第二材料的主体允许其他部件的定位,并且还允许即使在加热复合材料以密封其他部件期间也满足这种定位的要求。
其他部件可以是或者包括用于引导流体的流体导管(例如毛细管)、构造成引导光的光导(例如光纤)、腔体(例如作为复杂形状的一部分)、和/或构造成连接到或者至少部分地围绕复合材料的覆盖层和/或壳体。因此,本发明的实施例允许提供对(例如由玻璃、陶瓷等制成的)非常精细或易碎部件的联接件,该联接件可以根据需要被定位并且被适当密封。
第二材料的主体可以包括用于引导流体的通道。这种通道可以与其他部件联接。例如,通道可以通向流体导管或者以其他方式流体联接到流体导管。由于通道在第二材料中,所以即使在加热复合材料以提供密封期间也可以保持通道的形状和/或尺寸。
将其他部件联接可以是任意类型的使其他部件与第二材料的主体物理接触,并且可以特别地包括相对于第二材料的主体插入、连接、围绕和/或定位其他部件。
在一个实施例中,提供用于引导流体的流体导管,该流体导管部分地由第一材料围绕并且部分地由第二材料围绕以提供复合材料。围绕流体导管的复合材料被加热,以提供第一材料和流体导管之间的密封。在加热复合材料期间,第二材料可以提供对流体导管的定位,而第一材料提供密封。
在一个实施例中,利用第一材料围绕流体导管在端部处的第一部分。利用第二材料围绕流体导管的第二部分,第二部分与第一部分相邻。在这个背景下,相邻应当表示沿流体导管的轴向,或者换言之沿着或逆着流体流动的方向。利用第一材料围绕流体导管的第三部分,第三部分与第二部分相邻。在这个实施例中,在第一部分中围绕流体导管的第二材料可以即使在加热以提供密封期间也能够提供需要的机械稳定性或者对流体导管的定位。
流体导管可以由下列各项制成或者包括下列各项:金属、不锈钢、钛、塑料、聚合物、陶瓷、玻璃和/或石英。流体导管的管腔可以具有小于0.8mm的直径,特别是具有小于0.2mm的直径。流体导管可以具有圆形、椭圆形、矩形或本领域中已知的任意其他适合的形状,并且流体导管还可以在直径和/或成形方面表现出变化。流体导管可以是毛细管或者包括毛细管。流体导管可以包括内导管(例如内管)和外导管(例如外管)。外导管(例如径向)围绕内导管。内导管可以由与外导管不同的材料组成。外导管可以是承口管,以适合于导管的期望外径和/或其他紧固元件(例如套箍)的特定需求。
在另一实施例中,构造成引导流体的流体导管由第二材料提供。利用第一材料围绕(第二材料的)流体导管的端部,从而提供复合材料。复合材料被加热,以提供第一材料和第二材料的流体导管之间的密封。这种流体导管可以提供生物相容的流体导管,其中端侧的第一材料提供需要的密封。
覆盖层(例如由金属材料、陶瓷、玻璃或熔融石英提供)可以设置成围绕复合材料,例如仅在流体导管的端部的范围中(例如作为承口管)或者围绕流体导管的全部或大部分长度。用于复合材料的覆盖层可以在加热复合材料之前设置。
优选至少在低于第一材料的熔点并最低到相应应用所需要的最低温度(例如室温、0℃或-40℃)的温度范围内,可以利用热膨胀系数基本等于或大于第一材料的热膨胀系数的材料覆盖复合材料。因此,覆盖层可以在冷却时和在材料收缩时在复合材料上提供压缩力。这种附加的力增加接触的表面区域之间的密封压力,并且提供抵抗聚合物组成材料的变硬(settling)或蠕变的长期稳定性。覆盖层可以由镍和钛的金属合金提供,优选使用NITINOL(镍钛诺合金),其可以提供形状记忆和超弹性。
尽管提供复合材料和加热复合材料(以通过第一材料提供密封)可以按照相继次序执行,但是这也可以由单一处理步骤产生。例如,复合材料可以同时被形成和被加热,以使得两个步骤被组合成一体。例如,复合材料可以通过在第二材料上成形第一材料而被提供并被加热。
将第一材料形成到第二材料可以由本领域中已知的任意处理提供或者包括该任意处理,特别是热塑性处理,例如注射成型、挤压、压缩成型、重熔和/或传递成型。
PAEK材料可以是或者包括PEK、PEEK、PEKK、PEEKK、PEKEKK。已经发现的优选组合是,例如PEEK作为第一材料,PEK或PEKK作为第二材料。也可以使用适合的PAEK-混合物(即,PAEK和另一材料的混合物),例如,聚醚醚铜/聚醚酰亚胺(PEEK/PEI)的PEEK-混合物可以被考虑用于例如第一材料。
第一和第二材料被优选地选择为具有在10°-100°K范围内的熔点差,优选为20°-70°K,更优选地为40°-50°K。
PAEK可以按照两种方式制造,一种称作亲核路线,另一种称作亲电子路线。亲核路线在聚合步骤中形成醚键。亲电子路线在聚合步骤期间形成羟基桥。这可以是使用所有的典型热塑性处理(例如注射成型、挤压、压缩成型和传递成型)的处理。
为通过第一材料提供密封,复合材料可以被加热到在较低的第一材料的熔点的范围中的温度,以使得温度接近、略高于、或略低于第一材料的熔点。优选地,温度被选择为低于第二材料的熔点。温度可以被选择成使得第一材料仍然可以被再成形,而第二材料基本保持其形状或满足用于定位其他部件的要求。
本发明的实施例提供用于流体流路中的密封流体部件,优选用在HPLC应用中。流体部件包括具有第一和第二材料的复合材料,第一材料和第二材料是不同的PAEK材料,第一材料的熔点低于第二材料。复合材料被加热以通过第一材料提供密封。
密封流体部件可以是流动室的联接部件。流动室构造成测量被引导通过流体导管的流体的光学特性。联接部件设置成用于通过光导将光耦合到流体导管中、通过光导使光从流体导管耦合输出、将流体联接到流体导管中、和/或使流体从流体导管联接输出。
密封流体部件可以是或者包括流体导管、用于将流体导管联接到其他装置或部件的装配件或装配元件、流动室、和/或传感器(例如用于检测压力、流率和/或温度的传感器)或传感器的一部分。
如本文所使用的,术语“装配件”和“装配元件”都涉及将流体导管(例如管)联接到流体装置。术语“装配件”应当涵盖将流体导管联接到流体装置所需要的所有组件,并且甚至可以包括流体导管和/或流体装置或其部件。术语“装配元件”应当涵盖装配件的一部分。
流体流路可以是构造成用于分离流动相中包括的样品流体的化合物的分离流路,流动相可以被驱动通过分离流路。
本发明的实施例包括流体分离系统,流体分离系统构造成分离流动相中的样品流体的化合物。流体分离系统包括流动相驱动器(例如泵送系统),流动相驱动器构造成将流动相驱动通过流体分离系统。分离单元(可以是色谱柱)构造成用于分离流动相中的样品流体的化合物。流体分离系统还包括如前述任一实施例所述的装配元件和/或装配件,装配元件和/或装配件用于将管(管提供对流动相的引导)联接到上述流体分离系统中的流体装置。流体分离系统还可以包括:样品注射器,其构造成将样品流体引入到流动相中;检测器,其构造成对样品流体的经分离化合物进行检测;收集器,其构造成收集样品流体的经分离化合物;数据处理单元,其构造成对从流体分离系统接收的数据进行处理;和/或脱气装置,其用于对流动相进行脱气。管所联接的或可以联接的流体装置可以是上述装置中的任一者,可以在这种流体分离装置内使用多个这种装配件或装配元件。
可以根据最常规可获得的HPLC系统来实现本发明的实施例,例如Agilent 1290 Series Infinity系统、Agilent 1200 Series Rapid Resolution LC系统、或Agilent 1100 HPLC系列(这些都由申请人Agilent Technologies提供(参见www.agilent.com),这些系统通过引用结合于本文中)。
一个实施例包括泵送装置,泵送装置具有活塞,活塞用于在泵工作室中往复运动以将泵工作室中的液体压缩到使得液体的可压缩性变得显著的高压。一个实施例包括以串联(如EP309596A1中公开的)或并联方式联接的两个泵送装置。
流动相(或洗脱液)可以是纯溶剂或不同溶剂的混合物。流动相(或洗脱液)可以经选择以例如使对感兴趣的化合物的保留和/或流动相的量最小化,以运行色谱法。流动相还可以经选择以使得不同化合物可以被有效地分离。流动相可以包括通常用水稀释的有机溶剂(例如,甲醇或乙腈)。对于梯度操作,水和有机物被传送到分开的瓶中,梯度泵从这些分开的瓶将计划的混合物传送到系统。其他通常使用的溶剂可以是异丙醇、THF、己烷、乙醇、和/或这些溶剂的任意组合、或这些溶剂与前述溶剂的任意组合。
样品流体可以包括任意类型的处理液体、自然样品(例如,果汁、体液(例如血浆)等),或者样品流体可以是例如从发酵液反应的结果。
流体优选是液体,但是也可以是或包括气体和/或超临界流体(例如,在US4,982,597A中公开的超临界流体色谱法(SFC)中使用的超临界流体)。
流动相中的压力可以在从2-200MPa(20至2000bar)范围内,特别是10-150MPa(100至1500bar),更特别的是50-120MPa(500至1200bar)。
HPLC系统还可以包括用于将样品液体引入到流动相流中的采样单元、用于对样品流体的分离化合物进行检测的检测器、和用于输出样品流体的分离化合物的分馏单元、或上述各项的任意组合。参考在www.agilent.com由申请人Agilent Technologies提供的前述Agilent HPLC系列公开了HPLC系统的进一步细节,这些Agilent HPLC系列将通过引用结合于本文中。
本发明的实施例由一个或多个适当的软件程序部分地或整体实现或支持,该软件程序可以存储在任意类型的数据载体上或以其他方式由任意类型的数据载体提供,并且该软件程序可以在任意适合的数据处理单元中执行或者由任意适合的数据处理单元执行。软件程序或例程可以优选地在控制单元中应用或者由控制单元应用。
附图说明
通过参照下列对实施例的更详细描述以及附图可以更容易领会并更好地理解本发明的实施例的其他目标和很多相伴的优点。实质上或功能上等效或类似的特征将由相同的附图标记表示。附图中的示例是示意性的。
图1以示意图示出根据本发明的实施例的液体分离系统10,液体分离系统10例如用于高效液相色谱法(HPLC)中。
图2A示出构造成测量流体的光学特性的流动室200的实施例。
图2B更详细地示出联接部件280的实施例。
图3A和图3B示出在装配件350的背景下复合材料300的不同应用。
图4A和图4B示出在装配件350的背景下复合材料300的替换实施例。
具体实施方式
现在更详细地参照附图,图1示出液体分离系统10的一般性示意图。泵20通常经由脱气器27从溶剂供应源25接收流动相,脱气器27进行脱气并因此减少流动相中所溶解气体的量。泵20(作为流动相驱动器)驱动流动相通过包括固定相的分离装置30(例如色谱柱)。采样单元40可以设置在泵20和分离装置30之间,以使得样品流体进入流动相中或将样品流体增加到流动相中(经常称作样品引入)。分离装置30的固定相构造成用于分离样品液体的化合物。提供检测器50以对样品流体的经分离化合物进行检测。可以设置分馏单元60以输出样品流体的经分离化合物。
尽管流动相可以仅由一种溶剂组成,但是流动相还可以由多种溶剂混合而成。这样的混合可以是低压混合并设置在泵20的上游,以使得泵20已经接收并泵送作为流动相的混合溶剂。可替换地,泵20可以由多个单独的泵送单元组成,多个泵送单元各自接收并泵送不同的溶剂或混合物,以使得流动相(由分离装置30接收该流动相)的混合发生在高压下并且在泵20的下游(或者作为泵20的一部分)。流动相的组分(混合)可以随时间保持恒定(所谓的等度模式)或者随时间改变(所谓的梯度模式)。
数据处理单元70可以是常规PC或工作站,数据处理单元70可以联接(如虚线箭头所示)到液体分离系统10中的一个或多个装置,以接收信息和/或控制操作。例如,数据处理单元70可以控制泵20的操作(例如,设定控制参数)并从泵20接收有关实际工作状况的信息(例如,泵的出口处的输出压力、流率等)。数据处理单元70还可以控制溶剂供应源25的操作(例如,设定待供应的一种或多种溶剂或溶剂混合物)和/或脱气器27的操作(例如,设定控制参数,例如真空度等),并且可以从溶剂供应源25和脱气器27接收有关实际工作状况的信息(例如,随着时间所供应的溶剂成分、流率、真空度等)。数据处理单元70还可以控制采样单元40的操作(例如,控制样品注入或使样品注入与泵20的操作条件同步)。分离装置30也可以由数据处理单元70控制(例如,选择特定流路或柱、设定操作温度等),并作为回应将信息(例如操作条件)发送至数据处理单元70。相应地,检测器50可以由数据处理单元70控制(例如,关于频谱或波长设定、设定时间常数、开始/停止数据获取),并将信息(例如,有关检测到的样品化合物)发送至数据处理单元70。数据处理单元70还可以控制分馏单元60的操作(例如,结合从检测器50接收的数据)并返回数据。
从图1的示例,可以看出流动相的流路通常包括多个单独部件,例如泵20、分离装置30、采样单元40和检测器50,这些单独部件联接在一起并且还可以由单独子部件组成。此外,提供用于引导流体的流体导管(例如毛细管),如图1中实线连接部分所示。零件、部件和流体导管的联接(特别是当使用可换零件或模块化零件时)通常通过使用说明书的引言部分所说明的装配件来提供,。
为在液体分离系统10内传输液体,通常使用管(例如,管状毛细管)作为引导液体的导管。装配件通常用于将多个管彼此连接或者用于将流体导管(例如管)连接到任意装置。例如,装配件可以用于将分别的流体导管以液体密封方式连接到色谱柱30的入口和出口。可以例如使用装配件通过流体导管来连接图1中的流路(实线)中的任意部件。尽管柱30之后的流路通常处于低压(例如50bar或更低),但是从泵20至柱30的入口的流路处于高压下(当前达到1200bar),因此对流体密闭连接提出高要求。
由于大部分HPLC应用中采用高压,需要在流路中并沿着流路需要对部件进行压力密封。此外,在需要生物相容性的情况下,必须确保沿流路的部件(包括导管)的可能与流动相和样品流体接触的所有表面由一般被认为具有生物相容性的材料组成,即,不会(例如从金属零件)释放出离子,离子会污染样品和/或柱填充材料、和/或不利地影响分析本身。相应地,需要适当密封来确保这种生物相容性。
在下文中,示出HPLC中沿流体流路通常使用的需要适当密封的部件或装置的几个示例性实施例。每个这种实施例通过使用包括两种不同PAEK材料的复合材料来制造,其中一种PAEK材料的熔点低于另一种。当加热复合材料时,通过具有较低熔点的PAEK材料提供密封。
图2A示出构造成测量流体的光学特性的流动室200的实施例。流动室200大致对应于前述EP1910731A1中公开的流动室,EP1910731A1对流动室的教导通过引用结合于本文中。流动室200可以是检测器50或其一部分。
在图2A中,第一流体导管210将流体引导进入流动室200中,如箭头(位于第一流体导管210下方)所示。第二流体导管220与第一流体导管210流体联接,并且提供用于测量被引导通过第二流体导管220的流体的光学特性。第三流体导管230与第二流体导管220流体联接,并且接收来自第二流体导管220的流体,如箭头(位于第三流体导管230下方)所示。第一光导240和第二光导250各自从相反方向被放置在第二流体导管220中。
在操作中,第一光导240接收来自光源260的光信号,并且将光信号引导至由第二流体导管220提供的腔室中。流体从第一流体导管210流过第二流体导管220的测量室,并流入到第三流体导管230中。第二光导250接收已经传播通过流体的光信号或者其至少一部分,并且将所接收的光信号提供至光检测器270。由第二流体导管220提供的测量室可以构造成全反射室(total reflection cell),以使得由第一光导240提供的至少大部分光信号在碰到第二流体导管220的侧壁时并且在进入第二光导250之前将受到全反射。这可以例如通过将第二流体导管220实施为被空气环绕其外表面的玻璃毛细管或者通过使用具有低折射率的材料作为流体(例如作为一类无定形含氟聚合物的
Figure BDA00003381380000121
)来实现。
为提供第一流体导管210、第二流体导管220和第三流体导管230以及光导240和250的流体密闭且密封联接,第一联接部件280和第二联接部件285各设置在第二流体导管220的一侧(例如端部)。第一联接部件280包括第一通道290,并且构造成提供第一导管210经过第一通道290到第二流体导管220的流体密闭联接。此外,第一联接部件280构造成提供第一光导240到第二流体导管220中的密封联接。在操作中,流自第一流体导管210的流体经由第一通道290而被引导至第二流体导管220中,光信号被第一光导240耦合到第二流体导管220中。
第二联接部件285可以被实施为与第一联接部件280基本类似或者甚至相同,因此利用本实施例流动室200的对称性。相应地,来自第二流体导管220的流体可以经由第二联接部件285内的通道295流出并流动到第三流体导管230中。
由于图2A的实施例中流动室200的对称设计,很明显流体流入和流出的方向以及光导入和导出的方向可以相反。光导240、250可以是任意类型的光导,例如光纤。第一流体导管210和第三流体导管230可以是毛细管(例如由玻璃或金属制成),如HPLC中常用的毛细管。第二流体导管220可以是毛细管(优选由玻璃制成),并且可以选择形状和尺寸(例如长度)以适应相应的检测要求。
图2B更详细地示出联接部件280(或相应的联接部件285)的实施例。图2B的实施例经特殊设计,以允许流体密闭且密封联接,即使使用液体(作为流体)并且在70至500bar的压力范围内。
第一流体导管210、第二流体导管220和光导240的联接由第一材料305和第二材料310的复合材料300提供。复合材料300提供用于密封联接各个部件的一体部件。第一材料305和第二材料310两者都是PAEK材料,但是彼此不同,其中第一材料305的熔点低于第二材料310。第二材料310被选择并构造成允许各个部件210、220和240相对彼此定位,并且还允许在制造联接部件280期间(特别是在通过第一材料305密封部件210、220和240的热处理期间)保持这种定位。提供密封是为通过第一流体导管210和第二流体导管220以及通过联接到第二流体导管220中的光导240实现流体密闭流路。通道290提供第一流体导管210和第二流体导管220之间的流路,并且作为待密封流路的一部分。通道290被包含在第二材料310中,以确保在实现第一材料305的密封所需要的热处理期间至少大体保持通道290的位置以及尺寸。
在一个实施例中,制造图2B的联接部件280的处理通过首先形成第二材料310的主体来实现,如图2B中第二材料310的形状所示。第二材料310的主体可以被制造成已经包含开口或凹槽以容纳部件210、220和240。可替换地,这些开口或凹槽可以在提供第二材料主体310之后通过附加步骤来实现。相应地,可以在制造第二材料块310期间或之后形成通道290。
包括第一流体导管210、第二流体导管220和光导240的其他部件然后被插入到第二材料310的主体中。通过在已将其他部件210、220和240插入的第二材料310的主体上形成第一材料305得到复合材料300。复合材料300被适当加热,以使得插入的其他部件210、220和240被第一材料305密封到第二材料310的主体。
在可替换的实施例中,根据前述实施例提供或形成第二材料310的主体。但是,在本实施例中,通过在第二材料310的主体上形成第一材料305提供复合材料300。其他部件210、220、240然后被插入到第一材料305和第二材料310的复合材料300中。在插入之后,复合材料300被适当加热,因此插入的其他部件210、220和240被第一材料305密封到第二材料310的主体。
在图2B的实施例中,第一材料305被选择成熔点为343℃的PEEK,第二材料310被选择成熔点为387℃的PEK。由于熔点差44°K,第一材料305可以在加热到可塑化甚至液态期间被加工,而第二材料310仍然(至少大体上)是固体并保持其形状,从而保持第二材料310对于其他部件210、220、240的引导和/或对齐功能,并且还保持通道290的尺寸和形状。
复合材料300被加热或者至少部分地被加热到在较低的第一材料305的熔点的范围内的温度,但被保持低于第二材料的熔点。在本实施例中,用于提供密封的加热温度在340-360℃范围内选择。在此温度范围内,第一材料305(PEEK)仍然可被再成形,而第二材料310(PEEK)基本保持其形状并满足用于定位其他部件210、220、240的要求。
可以通过任意类型的热塑性处理(特别是成型处理)将第一材料305形成到第二材料310。相应地,还可以通过使用诸如成型的热塑性处理来形成第二材料310的主体。通过适当设计将第一材料305形成到第二材料310的处理,提供和加热复合材料300的处理还可以在一个步骤中完成,例如通过直接将第一材料305成型在已经将其他部件210、220、240插入的第二材料310的主体上。
图3A示出在装配件350的背景下复合材料300的不同应用,装配件350构造成在一个端侧357将流体导管355联接到另一装置(图中未示出)。装配件的进一步细节可以从说明书的背景技术部分中引用的各个文献中得到。端侧357还在图3B中更详细地示出。
流体导管355由内导管360(例如毛细管)提供,内导管可以由熔融石英、金属(例如不锈钢(SST))或第二材料制成。内导管360在端侧357的区域中由复合材料300围绕,复合材料300包括第一材料305,第一材料305在前侧与第二材料310相邻,第二材料310再次与另一层第一材料305相邻。换言之,第二材料310的环是第一材料305的在流体导管355轴向上的任一侧上的相邻层。
由复合材料300围绕的流体导管360可以进一步由覆盖层365或者甚至由另一层第二材料310围绕,覆盖层365可以由硬质材料(例如SST)制成。
装配件350在流体导管360的前侧端部357处被放置在流体导管360的顶部,该装配件350可以是本领域中众所周知的和说明书背景技术部分中描述的任意类型的装配件。在图3A和图3B的示例性实施例中,装配件350包括套箍370和装配螺钉375。套箍370在图3A和图4A的表示中为简便起见被显示为一件,但是还可以由不同部件(例如分开的前套箍和后套箍)和不同材料组成。在采用分开的前套箍和后套箍的情况下,前套箍可以是例如靠近前侧端部357的锥形分区,而后套箍可以是例如在套箍370的另一端处的相反锥形分区。装配螺钉375包括螺纹部380。当将放置在套箍370上的装配螺钉375拧到待联接装置的反作用螺纹部件(未示出)时,装配螺钉375一方面将在套箍370上沿径向施加抓握力,以稳固地将套箍370夹紧到流体导管355。另一方面,拧装配螺钉375还将在覆盖层365上施加轴向力,从而按压前侧端部357抵靠其联接的装置。根据从说明书背景技术部分中提到的公开内容,装配件的其他细节和可替换实施例将显而易见。
当适当加热围绕流体导管360的复合材料300时,第二材料310的环将保持其形态稳定性并且仍然相对于流体导管360定位覆盖层365,而第一材料305将密封地使流体导管360与第二材料310以及与覆盖层365(如果有的话)联接。第二材料310的环因此可以确保即使在加热期间和加热之后,流体导管355也可以保持其同心布置。
图4A和图4B示出流体导管355的可替换实施例,其中图4B更详细地示出将联接到(未示出的)另一装置的端侧。如在图3A和图3B中一样,装配件350可以被用于将流体导管355联接到这种其他装置。流体导管355的内流体导管400由第二材料310(在本实施例中为PEK)提供。在前侧端部,内导管400被第一材料305围绕,在本实施例中第一材料305可以是PEEK。复合材料300因此被设置在流体导管355的前侧端部处。
为增强机械稳定性,内导管400可以具有覆盖层410,覆盖层410可以如图4A的实施例中所示限定到仅在流体导管355的前侧端部处的区域,或者可以覆盖整个内导管400。覆盖层410可以由硬质材料制成,例如SST、镍钛合金、和/或纤维增强的聚合物。可替换地或附加地,内导管400可以由涂层420围绕,以增强机械稳定性。这种涂层420可以是金属涂层,例如SST、镍钛合金、和/或纤维增强的聚合物。
当适当加热图4B所示的前侧端部时,第二材料310的内导管400将保持其形状和形态稳定性,而第一材料305可以提供需要的密封,特别是对于覆盖层410和/或涂层420的密封。这特别是在需要生物相容性时也很重要。

Claims (19)

1.一种提供用于流体流路中的密封流体部件(280)的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
提供复合材料(300),所述复合材料(300)包括第一材料(305)和第二材料(310),其中所述第一材料(305)和所述第二材料(310)是不同的PAEK材料,所述第一材料(305)的熔点低于所述第二材料(310),和
加热所述复合材料(300)以通过所述第一材料(305)提供密封。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括如下步骤:
提供所述第二材料(310)的主体,
将其他部件(210、220、240)联接到所述第二材料(310)的主体,
通过将所述第一材料(305)形成到所述第二材料(310)的主体来提供所述复合材料(300),和
加热所述复合材料(300)以通过所述第一材料(305)将联接的其他部件(210、220、240)密封到所述第二材料(310)的主体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括如下步骤:
提供所述第二材料(310)的主体,
通过将所述第一材料(305)形成到所述第二材料(310)的主体来提供所述复合材料(300),
将其他部件(210、220、240)联接到所述复合材料(300)内的所述第二材料(310),和
加热所述复合材料(300)以通过所述第一材料(305)将联接的所述其他部件(210、220、240)密封到所述第二材料(310)的主体。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一权利要求所述的方法,包括下列各项中至少一者:
所述其他部件(210、220、240)是流体导管(210、220、230)、毛细管(210、220、230)、光导(240、250)、腔体、覆盖层和壳体中的至少一者;
所述第二材料(310)的主体包括用于引导流体的通道(290、295);
将所述其他部件(210、220、240)连接的步骤包括相对于所述第二材料(310)的主体插入、连接、围绕和定位所述其他部件(210、220、240)的步骤中的至少一者。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括如下步骤:
提供用于引导流体的流体导管(360),
利用所述第一材料(305)部分地围绕所述流体导管(360)并利用所述第二材料(310)部分地围绕所述流体导管(360),以提供所述复合材料(300),
加热所述复合材料(300)以提供所述第一材料(305)和所述流体导管(360)之间的密封。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,包括如下步骤:
利用所述第一材料(305)围绕所述流体导管(360)在端部处的第一部分,
利用所述第二材料(310)围绕所述流体导管(360)的第二部分,所述第二部分沿所述流体导管(360)的轴向与所述第一部分相邻,和
利用所述第一材料(305)围绕所述流体导管(360)的第三部分,所述第三部分沿所述流体导管(360)的轴向与所述第二部分相邻。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一权利要求所述的方法,包括下列各项中至少一者:
所述流体导管(360)由下列各项组成的群组中的至少一者制成或者包括所述群组中的至少一者:金属、不锈钢、钛、塑料、聚合物、陶瓷、玻璃和石英;
所述流体导管(360)的内腔具有小于0.8mm的直径,特别是具有小于0.2mm的直径;
所述流体导管(360)具有圆形、椭圆形或矩形形状当中的一者;
所述流体导管(360)是毛细管或者包括毛细管;
所述流体导管(360)包括内导管和外导管,所述外导管围绕所述内导管;
所述流体导管(360)包括内导管和外导管,所述外导管围绕所述内导管,所述内导管由与所述外导管不同的材料组成;
围绕所述流体导管(360)的承口管。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括如下步骤:
提供所述第二材料(310)的用于引导流体的流体导管(400),
通过利用所述第一材料(305)围绕所述流体导管(400)的端部来提供所述复合材料(300),
加热所述复合材料(300)以提供所述第一材料(305)和所述流体导管(400)的所述第二材料(310)之间的密封。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一权利要求所述的方法,包括下列各项中至少一者:
覆盖所述复合材料(300);
在加热所述复合材料(300)之前覆盖所述复合材料(300);
利用热膨胀系数基本等于或大于所述第一材料(305)的热膨胀系数的材料覆盖所述复合材料(300);
至少在低于所述第一材料(305)的熔点并优选最低到0℃,更优选的是最低到-40℃的温度范围内,利用热膨胀系数基本等于或大于所述第一材料(305)的热膨胀系数的材料覆盖所述复合材料(300);
利用镍和钛的金属合金,优选利用镍钛诺合金,覆盖所述复合材料(300)。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一权利要求所述的方法,包括下列各项中至少一者:
提供所述复合材料(300)和加热所述复合材料(300)以通过所述第一材料(305)提供密封是在一个步骤中执行的;
提供所述复合材料(300)和加热所述复合材料(300)以通过所述第一材料(305)提供密封是通过在所述第二材料(310)上成型所述第一材料(305)而执行的。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一权利要求所述的方法,其中
将所述第一材料(305)形成到所述第二材料(310)包括热塑性处理,优选为下列各项中至少一项:注射成型、挤压、压缩成型、重熔和传递成型。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一权利要求所述的方法,其中
所述PAEK材料包括PEK、PEEK、PEKK、PEEKK、PEKEKK。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一权利要求所述的方法,包括下列各项中至少一项:
所述第一材料(305)是PEEK,并且所述第二材料(310)是PEK;
所述第一材料(305)是PEEK,并且所述第二材料(310)是PEKK。
14.根据权利要求1-13中任一权利要求所述的方法,其中
所述第二材料(310)的熔点比较低的所述第一材料(305)的熔点高约10-100°K,优选为20-70°K,更优选为40-50°K。
15.根据权利要求1-14中任一权利要求所述的方法,其中为通过所述第一材料(305)提供密封,所述复合材料(300)被加热到下列至少一项:
较低的所述第一材料(305)的熔点的范围内的温度;
低于所述第二材料(310)的熔点的温度;
使得所述第一材料(305)可以被再成形而所述第二材料(310)基本保持其形状的温度;
使得所述第一材料(305)可以被再成形而所述第二材料(310)基本满足其用于定位其他部件(210、220、240)的要求的温度。
16.根据权利要求1-15中任一权利要求所述的方法,包括下列各项中至少一项:
提供加热所述复合材料(300)以将所述第一材料(305)密封到所述第二材料(310)。
17.一种用于流体流路中的密封流体部件(280),包括:
复合材料(300),其包括第一材料(305)和第二材料(310),其中所述第一材料(305)和所述第二材料(310)是不同的PAEK材料,所述第一材料(305)的熔点低于所述第二材料(310),和
其中,所述复合材料(300)被加热以通过所述第一材料(305)提供密封。
18.根据权利要求17所述的密封流体部件(280),包括下列各项中至少一项:
所述密封流体部件(280)是流动室(200)的联接部件(280、285),所述流动室(200)构造成测量被引导通过流体导管(220)的流体的光学特性,并且所述联接部件(280、285)被提供用于下列至少一项:通过光导(240)将光耦合到所述流体导管(220)中、通过光导(250)使光从所述流体导管(220)耦合输出、将流体联接到所述流体导管(220)中、和使流体从所述流体导管(220)联接输出;
所述密封流体部件(280)是下列各项中至少一者或者包括下列各项中至少一者:流体导管(210、220、230)、流动室(200)和传感器或这些部件的一部分,所述传感器优选用于检测压力、流率、温度中至少一者;
所述流体流路是构造成分离流动相中包括的样品流体的化合物的分离流路。
19.一种用于分离流动相中的样品流体的化合物的流体分离系统,所述流体分离系统包括:
流动相驱动器,优选为泵送系统,所述流动相驱动器被构造成驱动所述流动相通过所述流体分离系统;
分离单元,优选为色谱柱,所述分离单元被构造成用于分离所述流动相中的所述样品流体的化合物;和
根据权利要求1-18中任一权利要求所述的密封流体部件(280),所述密封流体部件(280)位于所述流动相的流路中。
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