CN103269158A - Synchronous rectification boost-buck circuit and device with parallel connection phase-shifting staggered current-sharing control - Google Patents
Synchronous rectification boost-buck circuit and device with parallel connection phase-shifting staggered current-sharing control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synchronous rectification boost-buck circuit and device with parallel connection phase-shifting staggered current-sharing control. The synchronous rectification boost-buck circuit comprises more than one parallel-connection boost synchronous rectification circuit. Each boost synchronous rectification circuit comprises a capacitor C1, an inductor L, a current sampling point T, a switching tube Q1, a switching tube Q2 and a capacitor C2, wherein the capacitor C1 is in parallel connection at the input end, the inductor L is connected with the capacitor C1, the current sampling point T is connected at the rear end of the inductor L, the switching tube Q1 is in parallel connection between a positive pole and a negative pole of a power source, the switching tube Q2 is connected at the rear end of a current sampling point TA, and the capacitor C2 is in parallel connection at the output end. Compared with the prior art, the synchronous rectification boost-buck circuit and device achieves large-power conversion, switching frequency is multiplied due to staggered phase shifting, and peak currents of parallel-connection units are balanced and equal to one another. Due to the fact that the synchronous rectification boost-buck circuit and device has the function of parallel-connection unit synchronous rectification, loss is reduced, efficiency of the power source is improved, and compared with the size and cost of a traditional scheme, the size of the power source and cost are obviously reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of rectification step-up/step-down circuit, particularly a kind of synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit and device with the staggered sharing control of phase shift in parallel.
Background technology
Traditional step-up/step-down circuit topologies.As Fig. 1 tradition topological circuit that boosts, as Fig. 2 tradition buck topology circuit: it all adopts switching tube and rectifier diode, and switching loss is big, and efficient is low, and does not have special-purpose control chip to realize parallel operation.Adopting rectifier diode D is rectifier cell, because the forward voltage drop of rectifier diode D is bigger, adopts fast recovery diode during especially for high voltage conversion circuit.Therefore, switching loss is big, and caloric value is big, and efficient is low, and does not have special-purpose control chip to realize parallel operation.
The buck topologies that has synchronous rectification.As Fig. 3 synchronous rectified boost BOOST circuit, as Fig. 4 synchronous rectification step-down BUCK circuit: if main switch adopts MOSFET, and the driving pulse that 180 ° of two-way phase differences are arranged alternately control realize the electric energy conversion, make that like this switching loss in the circuit is little, heating is few, the efficient height.Although switching tube adopts MOSFET, can accomplish that switching loss is little, the efficient height.But just independently conversion is pressed in ascending, descending, is not easy to accomplish high power conversion.
Can adopt the circuit of synchronous rectification combination of the back step-down of boosting earlier as shown in Figure 5 or adopt the circuit of synchronous rectification combination of boosting after the first step-down as shown in Figure 6 at the needs of some occasion for the electric energy conversion, such purpose is: both can satisfy needed electric energy conversion, can accomplish to compare high conversion rate again.Though what adopt is voltage raising and reducing or the buck-boost combination of synchronous rectification,, owing to the operating current restriction of single power tube such as MOSFET, accomplish high-power some difficulty, must adopt the realization in parallel of a plurality of power tubes.
Find in the market and aly can be used in that two-phase is boosted or the pulse width modulator of step-down controller (PWM) is quite easy.The staggered off-line controller of most of binary channels or push-pull type controller all can be used to directly out of phase drive two and boost or step-down MOSFET.But, four mutually or in the more heterogeneous solution, controller select for use scope more limited.
International renowned company has developed the heterogeneous controller with this function: for example: four phase buck controller TPS40090 of TI company are characterized in distributing electric power equably by the balance peak current among the detection branch MOSFET.The data explanation, this method is applied for a patent.Be applied to four phase step-down controllers in the vehicle-mounted high-frequency amplifier.
Also having a family is the ISL78220 six phase boosting inverter controllers of Intersil company, is characterized in adopting lossless DCR current-sensing circuit, and accurate channel current equilibrium is provided.Be applied to the heterogeneous boost DC-DC converter of auto industry.
The heterogeneous control chip of above-mentioned international renowned company, superior performance, easy to use, but there is the purchase channel problem, price problem, and the limitation of using equates problem.
Traditional circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts has had existing scheme, as " the synchronous rectification change-over circuit the boosts " (patent No.: 200920296829), the technology brief explanation: the utility model relates to a kind of synchronous rectification change-over circuit that boosts, it comprises PWM control module, inductance L 02,, capacitor C 03, C04, resistance R 05, R06, switching tube K01 drives and recharges the inhibition module because be provided with paraphase between synchronous rectifier K02 and PWM control module; Between PWM control module and synchronous rectifier K02 one end, be provided with the auxiliary circuit module of boosting, the feasible auxiliary circuit module of boosting boosts to lower input voltage the voltage range of PWM control module control IC operate as normal, after the PWM control module control IC operate as normal, a road of the pwm pulse of output removes control switch pipe K01, another road drives and recharges inhibition module rear drive synchronous rectifier K02 through paraphase, when low pressure is imported, change-over circuit energy reliably working, synchronous rectification also can be realized, improved the efficient of transducer, can satisfy the high efficiency boost converter of design under the low input thereby reach, also can avoid synchronous rectifier the phenomenon that electric current recharges when shutdown, to occur simultaneously.But it has only realized the single channel synchronous rectification change-over circuit that boosts.
Also has two-phase parallel connection boosting technical scheme: as " a kind of crisscross parallel BOOST converter " (patent No.: 201220067744), the utility model discloses a kind of crisscross parallel BOOST converter, formed by quarter-phase circuit, one circuitry phase is in series successively by power supply V anode, inductance L 1, capacitor C 1, diode D1, load R and power supply V negative terminal, wherein capacitor C 2 and load R parallel connection, switching tube S1 one end places between inductance L 1 and the capacitor C 1, and an end connects power supply V negative terminal; Another circuitry phase is linked to each other between back access capacitor C 1 and the diode D1 successively by power supply V anode, inductance L 2, diode D2, and wherein switching tube S2 one end places between inductance L 2 and the diode D2, and an end connects power supply V negative terminal.The utility model voltage gain height is fit to be applied to the occasion that low pressure input high pressure is exported.The voltage stress of switching device is low, is conducive to circuit and selects low withstand voltage, high performance switching device to reduce the loss of circuit.When duty ratio more than or equal to 0.5 the time because the effect of switching capacity C1, can each phase inductance electric current of automatic equalization.But it has only realized two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter, and the equilibrium of each phase inductance electric current realizes by switching capacity, discreteness, and transfer power is restricted.
Along with continuous development and the application of new energy technology, particularly in the photovoltaic field, and field such as New-type fuel accumulate pond, urgent need will have powerful supporting energy conversion supply unit.The high power module device that adopts traditional buck principle to realize has been arranged at present.The buck conversion module device that the heterogeneous controller realization of adopting external renowned company is also arranged.However, still exist low such as the efficient of traditional electric energy mapping mode, and problem such as limitation such as the input voltage realized of heterogeneous control chip and the restriction of output voltage range and cost price be higher.Also be not easy to accomplish the demand of high-power electric energy conversion market.
Summary of the invention
At the shortcoming that the above-mentioned step-up/step-down circuit of mentioning of the prior art is not easy to accomplish high-power electric energy conversion, the invention provides a kind of synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit and device with the staggered sharing control of phase shift in parallel.Can overcome above shortcoming, can realize the high efficiency of transformation of electrical energy, and realize what high-power electric energy conversion etc. had.Can solve some problems in the practical application.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem employing is: a kind of synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit with the staggered sharing control of phase shift in parallel, the synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit comprises more than one the circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts in parallel, and each circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts includes a capacitor C 1 that is parallel to input, current sampling point T, that an inductance L, that is connected with capacitor C 1 is connected in the rear end of inductance L and is parallel to the capacitor C 2 that switching tube Q2 and that switching tube Q1, between power supply positive and negative is connected in current sampling point TA rear end is parallel to output.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem employing further comprises:
Described synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit also includes control circuit, control circuit comprises the controller that the parallel connection identical with the circuit of synchronous rectification quantity of boosting used, the inductive current that each controller is taken from the current sampling point T in the circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts accordingly is added to the current feedback input of corresponding controllers IC1, take from the voltage feedback signal of output in parallel, be added to the voltage feedback input end of this controller IC 1, and the internal regulation by controller IC 1, form the two-way phase difference and be 180 ° complementary pulse, be used for driving the one group of switching tube Q1 and the Q2 that are arranged on the circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts.
Described control circuit also comprises the lock-out pulse phase shift block between each controller.
Described control circuit also comprises the phase shift frequency multiplication control module of interlocking.
The staggered frequency multiplication control module of described phase shift adopts 90 ° of phase shift synchronizing generators, the first controller IC 1A produces the synchronized oscillation pulse, the lock-out pulse SYNC of the first controller IC 1A is added to the Synchronization Control end SYNC of the second controller IC 1B through 90 ° of phase shifts, the lock-out pulse SYNC of the first controller IC 1A is added to the Synchronization Control end SYNC of the 3rd controller IC 1C, and the lock-out pulse SYNC of the first controller IC 1A is added to the Synchronization Control end SYNC of the 4th controller IC 1D through 90 ° of phase shifts.
Described 90 ° of phase shift synchronizing generators are realized by PLL phase-locked loop cmos circuit or single-chip microcomputer module, the phase shift angle can be regulated, described PLL phase-locked loop cmos circuit comprises phase discriminator, loop filtering module, VCO module and arbitrary phase phase shift output module, lock-out pulse input phase discriminator, phase discriminator outputs signal to the loop filtering module, the loop filtering module output signal is to the VCO module, the VCO module output signal is given arbitrary phase phase shift output module, and the VCO module outputs signal to phase discriminator simultaneously; Described single-chip microcomputer module comprises single-chip microcomputer, memory, phase locking unit, A/D modular converter, D/A modular converter and arbitrary phase phase shift output module, memory is connected on the single-chip microcomputer, synchronization pulse input phase locking unit, phase locking unit outputs signal to the A/D modular converter, the A/D modular converter outputs signal to single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer outputs signal to the D/A modular converter, and the D/A modular converter outputs signal to arbitrary phase phase shift output module.
Described each inductive current sampling T is added to corresponding controllers IC1, and the output voltage feedback TV1 after each road parallel connection is added to each controller IC 1 simultaneously, and the Parallel Control by each controller realizes the current balance between four tunnel unit in parallel.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention has following advantage with respect to prior art:
1. main circuit has four groups of parallel functions, realized high-power conversion, staggered phase shift makes switching frequency double, it can reduce the output ripple electric current, can reduce quantity and the capacity of filter capacitor, and reduced output voltage ripple, it can also reduce the accumulation of energy requirement of inductance, and volume, weight and the thermal losses of inductance all can be fallen.
2. have branch road inductive current independent detection control function in unit in parallel, make balanced the equating of peak current of each unit in parallel.
3. have units synchronization rectification function in parallel, reduce the wastage, improved the efficient of power supply, power volume size and cost aspect are compared all with traditional scheme had a clear superiority in.
4. the control unit circuit adopts General Current type double-ended control device, by simultaneous phase-shifting, and dead band time setting, slope-compensation, the current balance control of each branch road is finished in branch current adjustings etc.Can also realize protections such as flow short-circuit.
5. this control circuit can be realized: two-phase, and three-phase, four reach more Multiphase Parallel mutually boosts, step-down in parallel, the parallel connection back step-down of boosting is earlier boosted after the first step-down in parallel and is waited the interlock circuit of synchronous rectification of sharing control of phase shift, the normal shock that also can be used for crisscross parallel simultaneously, the anti-sharp topological circuit that waits.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional topological circuit schematic diagram that boosts;
Fig. 2 is a traditional buck topology circuit diagram;
Fig. 3 is a synchronous rectified boost BOOST circuit diagram;
Fig. 4 is a synchronous rectification step-down BUCK circuit diagram;
Fig. 5 is the combinational circuit schematic diagram of step-down after a synchronous rectification is boosted earlier;
Fig. 6 is the combinational circuit schematic diagram that boosts after the first step-down of a synchronous rectification;
Fig. 7 is the present invention typical four synchronous rectified boost BOOST circuit diagram that is in parallel;
Fig. 8 has the synchronous rectified boost circuit diagram of phase shift crisscross parallel sharing control for preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is Unit four of preferred embodiment phase shift sharing control of the present invention synchronous commutating control circuit schematic diagram in parallel;
Figure 10 is preferred embodiment lock-out pulse of the present invention phase shift two kinds of method circuit diagrams of (containing 90 ° of the present invention);
Figure 11 has four units synchronization pulse waveform circuit schematic diagrames of 90 ° of phase shifts for preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 12 detects sharing control adjusting and output voltage feedback control circuit schematic diagram for preferred embodiment of the present invention has the unit inductive current;
Figure 13 has the four units synchronization rectification drive pulse waveform circuit diagrams that 90 ° of bands of phase shift Dead Time postpones for preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 14 is preferred embodiment four unit PWM controller UC1846/UC1847 theory diagram schematic diagrames of the present invention;
Figure 15 is that the example explanation realizes output voltage feedback regulation and flow equalizing circuit schematic diagram for preferred embodiment of the present invention with two cell controllers;
Figure 16 is Dead Time delay circuit and the waveform circuit schematic diagram of each unit drives pulse of preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 17 is preferred embodiment PWM controller slope equalizer schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 18 is preferred embodiment slope-compensation waveform schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Present embodiment is the preferred embodiment for the present invention, and other all its principles are identical with present embodiment or approximate with basic structure, all within protection range of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit and device with phase shift crisscross parallel sharing control, its inductive current of taking a sample each unit in parallel respectively offers current controller separately, relatively make the peak current equilibrium of each unit inductance equate through amplifying with same reference voltage, thereby realized the sharing control between the unit in parallel.Simultaneously, 90 ° of the phase shifts separately of the lock-out pulse between each controller make each road driving pulse have 90 ° phase difference, thereby have realized the staggered control of phase shift between each unit in parallel.And controller separately has output to have the driving pulse of 180 ° of phase differences that the dead band postpones, drives two synchronous rectification switch pipes of unit in parallel correspondence respectively.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit and device with phase shift crisscross parallel sharing control, this parallel connection boosting circuit of synchronous rectification comprises: one first circuit of synchronous rectification, one second circuit of synchronous rectification, the 3rd circuit of synchronous rectification and the 4th circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts that boosts that boosts that boosts; In the present embodiment, first circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts comprises the first current sampling point TA, that the first inductance L A, that the one first capacitor C 1A, that is parallel to input is connected with capacitor C 1A is connected in the rear end of the first inductance L A and is parallel to the first capacitor C 2A that the first switching tube Q2A and that the first switching tube Q1A, between power supply positive and negative is connected in the first current sampling point TA rear end is parallel to output.In the present embodiment, second circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts comprises the second current sampling point TB, that the second inductance L B, that the one second capacitor C 1B, that is parallel to input is connected with capacitor C 1B is connected in the rear end of the second inductance L B and is parallel to the second capacitor C 2B that second switch pipe Q2B and that second switch pipe Q1B, between power supply positive and negative is connected in the second current sampling point TB rear end is parallel to output.In the present embodiment, the 3rd circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts comprises the 3rd current sampling point TC, that the 3rd inductance L C, that one the 3rd capacitor C 1C, that is parallel to input is connected with capacitor C 1C is connected in the rear end of LC and is parallel to the 3rd capacitor C 2C that the 3rd switching tube Q2C and that the 3rd switching tube Q1C, between power supply positive and negative is connected in the 3rd current sampling point TC rear end is parallel to output.In the present embodiment, the 4th circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts comprises the 4th current sampling point TD, that the 4th inductance L D, that one the 4th capacitor C 1D, that is parallel to input is connected with capacitor C 1D is connected in the rear end of LD and is parallel to the 4th capacitor C 2D that the 4th switching tube Q2D and that the 4th switching tube Q1D, between power supply positive and negative is connected in the 4th current sampling point TD rear end is parallel to output.
In the present embodiment, this parallel connection boosting circuit of synchronous rectification also includes control circuit, control circuit comprises four groups of controllers that use in parallel, first controller is by taking from first inductive current that boosts circuit of synchronous rectification, be added to the current feedback input of the first controller IC 1A, take from the voltage feedback signal of an output in parallel, be added to the voltage feedback input end of the first controller IC 1A, and the internal regulation by the first controller IC 1A, form the two-way phase difference and be 180 ° complementary pulse, be used for driving first one group of switching tube Q1A and the Q2A that boosts circuit of synchronous rectification; Second controller is by taking from second inductive current that boosts circuit of synchronous rectification, be added to the current feedback input of the second controller IC 1B, take from the voltage feedback signal of output in parallel, be added to the voltage feedback input end of the second controller IC 1B, and the internal regulation by the second controller IC 1B, form the two-way phase difference and be 180 ° complementary pulse, be used for driving second one group of switching tube Q1B and the Q2B that boosts circuit of synchronous rectification; The 3rd controller is by taking from the 3rd inductive current that boosts circuit of synchronous rectification, be added to the current feedback input of the 3rd controller IC 1C, take from the voltage feedback signal of output in parallel, be added to the voltage feedback input end of the 3rd controller IC 1C, and the internal regulation by the 3rd controller IC 1C, form the two-way phase difference and be 180 ° complementary pulse, be used for driving the 3rd one group of switching tube Q1C and the Q2C that boosts circuit of synchronous rectification; The 4th controller is by taking from the 4th inductive current that boosts circuit of synchronous rectification, be added to the current feedback input of the 4th controller IC 1D, take from the voltage feedback signal of output in parallel, be added to the voltage feedback input end of the 4th controller IC 1D, and the internal regulation by the 4th controller IC 1D, form the two-way phase difference and be 180 ° complementary pulse, be used for driving the 4th one group of switching tube Q1D and the Q2D that boosts circuit of synchronous rectification.Control circuit also comprises the staggered frequency multiplication control of phase shift between lock-out pulse phase shift between the controller, the in parallel Unit four and the sharing control between the Unit four in parallel.
In the present embodiment, described control circuit can be realized sharing control between four groups of parallel circuitss, wherein the first circuit inductance current sampling TA is added to the first controller IC 1A, second circuit inductive current sampling TB is added to the second controller IC 1B, tertiary circuit inductive current sampling TC is added to the 3rd controller IC 1C, the 4th circuit inductance current sampling TD is added to the 4th controller IC 1D, output voltage feedback TV1 after four tunnel parallel connections, be added to the first controller IC 1A simultaneously, the second controller IC 1B, the 3rd controller IC 1C and the 4th controller IC 1D, the Parallel Control by four controllers realizes the current balance between four tunnel unit in parallel.
In the present embodiment, described control circuit can be between four groups of parallel circuitss the staggered control of phase shift, wherein adopt 90 ° of phase shift synchronizing generators in the present embodiment, 90 ° of phase shift synchronizing generators are finished by PLL phase-locked loop cmos circuit or single-chip microcomputer, the phase shift angle can be regulated, the first controller IC 1A produces the synchronized oscillation pulse, the lock-out pulse SYNC of this first controller IC 1A is added to the Synchronization Control end SYNC of the second controller IC 1B through 90 ° of phase shifts, the lock-out pulse SYNC of this first controller IC 1A is added to the Synchronization Control end SYNC of the 3rd controller IC 1C, the phase difference of the driving pulse of the 3rd controller IC 1C and the first controller IC 1A is 180 °, the lock-out pulse SYNC of this first controller IC 1A is added to the Synchronization Control end SYNC of the 4th controller IC 1D through 90 ° of phase shifts, the phase difference of the driving pulse of the 4th controller IC 1D and the first controller IC 1A is 180 °, can realize other phase shift angle control except 90 ° of phase shifts.
In the present embodiment, also comprise the slope-compensation module in the control circuit, the control circuit driving pulse has the dead band time setting function.Control circuit can be realized the main circuit synchronous rectification conversion in parallel of low pressure or high pressure by design selection low pressure or high drive controller.
In the present embodiment, the inductance sampling device in the control circuit is selected the precision current instrument transformer for use, also can select precision resistor for use.Control circuit can also be the parallel connection of the first controller IC 1A and the second controller IC 1B, can also be the parallel connection of the first controller IC 1A and the second controller IC 1B and the 3rd controller IC 1C, can also be the parallel connection more than four controllers.
In the present embodiment, control circuit can also be first the boost parallel connection of circuit of synchronous rectification of circuit of synchronous rectification and second of boosting, can also be first circuit of synchronous rectification and second the boost parallel connection of circuit of synchronous rectification of circuit of synchronous rectification and the 3rd of boosting of boosting, can also be the parallel connection more than four circuit of synchronous rectification that boost.
In the present embodiment, control circuit also is applicable to synchronous rectification reduction voltage circuit and the supply unit with phase shift crisscross parallel sharing control, also be applicable to the synchronous rectification with phase shift crisscross parallel sharing control boost earlier back reduction voltage circuit and supply unit, also be applicable to booster circuit and supply unit after the synchronous rectification elder generation step-down with phase shift crisscross parallel sharing control, also be applicable to synchronous rectification forward or anti-commendable increase circuit and supply unit with phase shift crisscross parallel sharing control.
In the present embodiment, controller IC 1A, the IC1B, IC1C and the IC1D that select for use in the control circuit for peak electricity flow pattern PWM, select General Current cake core UC1846/UC1847 and subseries for use in this example, also can select other chip with same function for use, or select the average current type current control chip for use.
In the present embodiment, switching tube Q1A, the Q2A, Q1B, Q2B, Q1C, Q2C, Q1D and the Q2D that select for use in the control circuit select MOSFET for use, can also select IGBT for use, can also other suitable switching device of selection function.
In the present embodiment, switching tube Q2A, the Q2B, Q2C and the Q2D that select for use in the control circuit select MOSFET for use, can also select Schottky diode for use.
The present invention can realize: two-phase, three-phase, four reach mutually more that Multiphase Parallel is boosted, step-down or paralleling and interleaving circuit of synchronous rectification such as buck, falling-rising pressure, can be used for simultaneously crisscross parallel normal shock, anti-topological circuit such as swash.
High-power device can be used for input: various energy storage batteries such as solar cell, fuel cell, automobile batteries, DC generator etc. can also be used for the transformation of electrical energy device of general DC power supply input as the transformation of electrical energy device of the energy.Can also be used for the filtered DC power supply of AC rectification as the transformation of electrical energy device of input.Control circuit of the present invention and device can be realized higher energy conversion efficiency, can accomplish more powerful transformation of electrical energy device.Market prospects and application are very extensive.
The control scheme that the present invention takes is: be embodiment with four unit parallel connection boosting circuit of synchronous rectification, as shown in Figure 7.In order to make the branch current sharing control of each unit, concrete grammar is: the inductive current of taking from four unit in parallel respectively, by four PWM current-mode controller (current controller UC1846/2846/3846 that adopt in the present embodiment independently, UC1847/2847/3847, need to prove that UC1846/2846/3846 and UC1847/2847/3847 are the same series of products of the said firm, difference is that the output impulse phase of the two differs 180 °, as shown in figure 14), four inductance sampling currents compare through amplifying respectively with identical reference voltage, under the modulation of lock-out pulse, be 180 ° driving pulse again by R-S trigger formation two-way phase difference, as shown in figure 12.Four unit branch road synchronous rectification impulse waveforms, as shown in figure 13.
The using method in parallel of PWM controller among the present invention: the PWM control unit can be realized two-phase, three-phase, four phases among the present invention, and more than the parallel connection of four phases, finish two-phase, three-phase, four phases of corresponding main circuit, and more than the driving control of the synchronous rectifier in parallel of four phases.Specifically, the current mode PWM controller UC1846/UC1847 in the present embodiment can realize the parallel operation of a plurality of current-mode power supplys, but and load-sharing electric current.This can realize that the method that detects electric current can be identical current transformer, or identical resistor by identical current detection signal is set at each power supply, and the two all belongs to the category of this invention.Detected inductive current, or the current waveform process that is called switching tube is amplified, and be converted into voltage signal, compare with same error in value amplifier output voltage signal, thereby produce peak current detection voltage and make the peak current of parallel connection power supply equate.
Need to prove that the controller in the present embodiment is the peak current type controller, detection be the peak current of branch road inductance, make the peak current equilibrium of parallel branch by adjusting.And the average current of branch road can not current-sharing, regulates in order better to carry out current-sharing, adopts slope-compensation in the present embodiment, makes the mean value that detects inductive current have nothing to do with ON time.As Figure 17 slope equalizer, compensate on the 8 pin vibration sawtooth waveforms of the PWM controller that the electric current of inductive current or switching tube is added by resistance R 2, realize best slope-compensation by the resistance of adjusting resistance R 1 and resistance R 2, as Figure 18 slope-compensation oscillogram.
In the present embodiment, adopt the use in parallel of four unit PWM controllers.Circuit belongs in the category of the present invention as shown in Figure 9.Be the two cell controllers modes of connection of using in parallel as Figure 15, realize the circuit of output voltage feedback regulation and current-sharing.
The implementation method of lock-out pulse phase shift among the present invention: 90 ° of the phase shifts separately of the lock-out pulse in the present embodiment make to be equivalent to 90 ° of phase cross-overs between four unit in parallel switching frequency and to have improved four times.The method that realizes the pulse phase shift is a lot, can pass through analog circuit, digital circuit, single-chip microcomputer etc.Two kinds of suitable methods as shown in figure 10, the method for top are to adopt the phase-locked loop pll of cmos circuit, can realize 0 °～180 ° phase shift, and are with the phase shift of 90 ° of this method realizations, simple in structure, cost is low in the present embodiment.The method of below can realize 0 °～180 ° phase shift equally by chip microcontroller.This method complex structure, cost is higher, is suitable for having in the monolithic processor controlled digital circuit.
The specific implementation of 90 ° of four cell controller phase shifts in the present embodiment: as shown in Figure 9, the 9th pin of PWM controller IC 1A and the 8th pin, difference connecting resistance RT and capacitor C T, under the effect of reference voltage VREF, form first via oscillating impulse, lock-out pulse as the first via, the lock-out pulse of the 10th pin output simultaneously is added to the 10th pin of PWM controller IC 1B through 90 ° phase shift, lock-out pulse as the second tunnel, the lock-out pulse of PWM controller IC 1A the 10th pin directly is added to the 10th pin of IC1C, lock-out pulse as Third Road, 180 ° in the phase place of IC1A because the phase place of IC1C itself just lags behind, the lock-out pulse of IC1A the 10th pin output simultaneously is added to the 10th pin of PWM controller IC 1D, the lock-out pulse as the four tunnel through 90 ° phase shift.180 ° in the phase place of IC1A because the phase place of PWM controller IC 1D itself just lags behind, the locking phase that is equivalent to IC1D after than the phase shift of IC1A 270 °, the timing chart of 90 ° of four cell controller lock-out pulse phase shifts as shown in figure 11.
The implementation of dead band time of delay in the present embodiment: as shown in figure 16, specific implementation is to calculate by the value of the oscillating capacitance CT of PWM controller 8 pin, when oscillation resistance RT value enough greatly the time, time of delay Td ≈ 145CT, wherein: the unit of CT is: uf; The unit of Td is: us.
See also Fig. 8, main circuit shown in Figure 8 and control circuit framework are the application of this control scheme in the staggered sharing control circuit of synchronous rectification of Unit four phase shift in parallel.Wherein the input voltage of main circuit in parallel can be: solar cell, and various energy storage batteries, generators etc. are as the transformation of electrical energy controller of the energy.Can also be the transformation of electrical energy device of general DC power supply input, perhaps exchange the dc energy source through rectifying and wave-filtering.Wherein:
(1) lock-out pulse phase shift generator can adopt the PLL phase-locked loop CD4046B of cmos circuit, or device such as MC14046 is realized.Realize 90 ° of phase shifts in this example.
(2) in the present embodiment, because the needs of practical application, the driving pulse of synchronous rectification MOSFET need amplify use, and the driving pulse Design of Amplifier is selected for use and will be decided as the case may be.For example in this routine practical application, boost if circuit of synchronous rectification is BOOST, and output voltage than higher for example is: 100VDC, then driver will be selected the high-voltage drive of 100V for use.If circuit of synchronous rectification is BUCK, and input voltage than higher for example is: 100VDC, then driver will be selected the high-voltage drive of 100V for use.
(3) in the present embodiment, the inductive current detector in the main circuit in parallel: can be current transformer, or detect and use resistor, and require each detector characteristic parameter consistent as far as possible.
(4) control of the PWM controller simultaneous phase-shifting of multichannel (more than the two-way) and current detecting, the voltage feedback regulating circuit also belongs to embodiments of the invention.
(5) the synchronous rectification reduction voltage circuit of the staggered current-sharing of the phase shift in parallel of multichannel (more than the two-way) also belongs to embodiments of the invention.
(6) reduction voltage circuit also belonged to embodiments of the invention after the synchronous rectification of the staggered current-sharing of the phase shift in parallel of multichannel (more than the two-way) was boosted earlier.
(7) booster circuit also belongs to embodiments of the invention after the synchronous rectification elder generation step-down of the staggered current-sharing of the phase shift in parallel of multichannel (more than the two-way).
(8) PWM controller of the present invention implementation in parallel also can be applied to have the normal shock of crisscross parallel, instead swashs or other related circuit topology.
The present invention has following advantage with respect to prior art:
1. main circuit has four groups of parallel functions, realized high-power conversion, staggered phase shift makes switching frequency double, it can reduce the output ripple electric current, can reduce quantity and the capacity of filter capacitor, and reduced output voltage ripple, it can also reduce the accumulation of energy requirement of inductance, and volume, weight and the thermal losses of inductance all can be fallen.
2. have branch road inductive current independent detection control function in unit in parallel, make balanced the equating of peak current of each unit in parallel.
3. have units synchronization rectification function in parallel, reduce the wastage, improved the efficient of power supply, power volume size and cost aspect are compared all with traditional scheme had a clear superiority in.
4. the control unit circuit adopts General Current type double-ended control device, by simultaneous phase-shifting, and dead band time setting, slope-compensation, the current balance control of each branch road is finished in branch current adjustings etc.Can also realize protections such as flow short-circuit.
5. this control circuit can be realized: two-phase, and three-phase, four reach more Multiphase Parallel mutually boosts, step-down in parallel, the parallel connection back step-down of boosting is earlier boosted after the first step-down in parallel and is waited the interlock circuit of synchronous rectification of sharing control of phase shift, the normal shock that also can be used for crisscross parallel simultaneously, the anti-sharp topological circuit that waits.
Claims (7)
1. synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit with the staggered sharing control of phase shift in parallel, it is characterized in that: described synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit comprises more than one the circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts in parallel, and each circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts includes a capacitor C 1 that is parallel to input, current sampling point T, that an inductance L, that is connected with capacitor C 1 is connected in the rear end of inductance L and is parallel to the capacitor C 2 that switching tube Q2 and that switching tube Q1, between power supply positive and negative is connected in current sampling point TA rear end is parallel to output.
2. the synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit with the staggered sharing control of phase shift in parallel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit also includes control circuit, control circuit comprises the controller that the parallel connection identical with the circuit of synchronous rectification quantity of boosting used, the inductive current that each controller is taken from the current sampling point T in the circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts accordingly is added to the current feedback input of corresponding controllers IC1, take from the voltage feedback signal of output in parallel, be added to the voltage feedback input end of this controller IC 1, and the internal regulation by controller IC 1, form the two-way phase difference and be 180 ° complementary pulse, be used for driving the one group of switching tube Q1 and the Q2 that are arranged on the circuit of synchronous rectification that boosts.
3. the synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit with the staggered sharing control of phase shift in parallel according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described control circuit also comprises the lock-out pulse phase shift block between each controller.
4. the synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit with the staggered sharing control of phase shift in parallel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described control circuit also comprises the phase shift frequency multiplication control module of interlocking.
5. the synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit with the staggered sharing control of phase shift in parallel according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the staggered frequency multiplication control module of described phase shift adopts 90 ° of phase shift synchronizing generators, the first controller IC 1A produces the synchronized oscillation pulse, the lock-out pulse SYNC of the first controller IC 1A is added to the Synchronization Control end SYNC of the second controller IC 1B through 90 ° of phase shifts, the lock-out pulse SYNC of the first controller IC 1A is added to the Synchronization Control end SYNC of the 3rd controller IC 1C, and the lock-out pulse SYNC of the first controller IC 1A is added to the Synchronization Control end SYNC of the 4th controller IC 1D through 90 ° of phase shifts.
6. the synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit with the staggered sharing control of phase shift in parallel according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described 90 ° of phase shift synchronizing generators are realized by PLL phase-locked loop cmos circuit or single-chip microcomputer module, the phase shift angle can be regulated, described PLL phase-locked loop cmos circuit comprises phase discriminator, the loop filtering module, VCO module and arbitrary phase phase shift output module, lock-out pulse input phase discriminator, phase discriminator outputs signal to the loop filtering module, the loop filtering module output signal is to the VCO module, the VCO module output signal is given arbitrary phase phase shift output module, and the VCO module outputs signal to phase discriminator simultaneously; Described single-chip microcomputer module comprises single-chip microcomputer, memory, phase locking unit, A/D modular converter, D/A modular converter and arbitrary phase phase shift output module, memory is connected on the single-chip microcomputer, synchronization pulse input phase locking unit, phase locking unit outputs signal to the A/D modular converter, the A/D modular converter outputs signal to single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer outputs signal to the D/A modular converter, and the D/A modular converter outputs signal to arbitrary phase phase shift output module.
7. the synchronous rectification step-up/step-down circuit with the staggered sharing control of phase shift in parallel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described each inductive current sampling T is added to corresponding controllers IC1, output voltage feedback TV1 after each road parallel connection, be added to each controller IC 1 simultaneously, the Parallel Control by each controller realizes the current balance between four tunnel unit in parallel.
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