CN103267682A - Device and method for testing material creep under coupling action of tensile stress and environment - Google Patents
Device and method for testing material creep under coupling action of tensile stress and environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for testing material creep under the coupling action of tensile stress and the environment. The device comprises a support, a weight, a heating jacket, a container containing a saturated inorganic salt solution, a strain demodulator, a power supply, a temperature controller, a strain sensor and a test piece, wherein the support comprises a positioning plate, an upper spherical hinge, an upper clamping head, a supporting rod, a bearing plate, a base plate, a lower clamping head and a lower spherical hinge; the supporting rod is connected with the bearing plate through a sliding bearing; the test piece is embedded in a groove in the upper clamping head and a groove in the lower clamping head; the weight is positioned on the bearing plate; the heating jacket covers on the outer side of the support; the container is positioned between the support and the heating jacket; the strain sensor is adhered to the outer wall surface of the test piece; and the temperature controller is connected with the ring-shaped heating jacket. By adopting the device, the reliability of the test process can be improved, and the accuracy of results is ensured. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a test method for the test device. The method is simple and easy to operate, and can keep that the test piece does not generate stress relaxation in the process of long-term load application, and the stress is uniformly distributed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materials ' durability measuring technology category, specifically, relate to material is crept under a kind of tension and the environment coupled action proving installation and method of testing.
Background technology
Since half a century, the accident that cement-based material causes owing to permanance is not enough but is on the increase, and especially Important Project such as dam, road, bridge, harbour and high-rise do not reach accident that design period just destroys and happen occasionally and cause tremendous economic to lose and casualties.The phenomenon of creeping of cement-based material is to cause that structural-load-carrying capacity descends, and causes the structure premature failure to destroy the one of the main reasons of the lost of life.Though oneself has decades the research that relevant cement-based material is crept, mostly research work is the rule of development of creeping under the effect of consideration single environment destructive factor, and the load of creeping mostly is compression stress.Yet, cement-based material mostly is under drawing stress and the varying environment acting in conjunction and moves in the actual engineering structure, compression under the single factors effect is crept to study and is difficult to reflect truly objective reality, and the time deformation of cement-based material is the result of multifactor common influence.In addition, cement-based material internal injury degradation also anything but each destructive factor separately effect cause simply adding and be worth of damage, but factors influence each other, superpose alternately.Usually the degradation of cement-based material namely exists damage superposition rule to answer greater than the summation that causes damage under the independent effect of each impairment factor under the effect of multiple-disruption factor, causes engineering structure performance reduction and the lost of life fast.
Therefore, according to concrete environment of living in, weather and load situation in the engineering reality, the principal element that influences permanance is carried out reasonable combination, system carry out dual or the effect of multiple-disruption factor under the research of cement-based material permanance, reciprocation between quantization factor and factor, be great science and technology and the theoretical difficult problem of current cement-based material subject, oneself causes international academic community extensively and pays much attention at present, and its achievement in research will produce significant impact to structure durability design and life prediction thereof.
The research time deformation problem of cement-based material under stress and environmental factor effect, top priority are exactly to set up the test method system that can consider drawing stress and 2 or above destructive factor simultaneously.Consider that in actual engineering, cement-based material is worked and moved under loaded state.Therefore, cement-based material has the important theoretical research meaning and the cement-based material cubic deformation rule research under the engineering using value, particularly drawing stress effect widely is very crucial for the structure durability design and construction under research load and other destructive factor acting in conjunction.When setting up the cement-based material cubic deformation test method of considering such environmental effects, have 3 key technical problems to solve: the first, design can apply test loading system accurate, constant load to test specimen; The second, the reliable temperature and humidity control system of design stability; The 3rd, foundation can be carried out continuously the test specimen that loads, nondestructive test method fast and data acquisition system (DAS).
Comprehensive existing cement-based material time deformation documents and materials are not difficult to find that what existing charger mostly adopted is spring-loaded mode, do not have effective method can keep in the process of the test stress constant as yet.Its main cause has two: 1. in the process of the test, material constantly deforms, and directly influences the stress that spring can provide, and what reality took place is the relaxation of material; 2. be subjected to the influence of loading stress, be difficult to utilize load modes such as gravity or lever.
Above-mentioned drawbacks limit the correlativity of laboratory study and virtual condition cement-based material time deformation rule.Therefore, development is applicable under the drawing stress effect, and can keep holding for a long time the constant experimental provision of stress in the lotus process and have important use be worth in the multifactor research of creeping, also provide the experimental apparatus of science for the structure durability evaluation, prospect is very wide.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters:Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: the proving installation that material is crept under a kind of tension and the environment coupled action is provided, and this proving installation can improve the reliability of test process, guarantees precision of test result; A kind of method of testing of this proving installation also is provided simultaneously, and this method of testing is simple to operation, can keep in the long-term load application process test specimen unstressed loose, and stress distribution is even.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The proving installation that material is crept under a kind of tension and the environment coupled action, described proving installation comprises support, counterweight, heating jacket, the container that fills saturated inorganic salt solution, strain (FBG) demodulator, power supply, temperature controller, strain transducer and test specimen, wherein
Support comprises location-plate, top ball pivot, upper jaw, cramp bar, bearing plate, bedplate, lower jaw and bottom ball pivot, and the top ball pivot is fixed on the location-plate, is provided with groove in the upper jaw, and upper jaw is connected on the ball pivot of top; Cramp bar is fixedly connected between location-plate and the bedplate, and bearing plate is between location-plate and bedplate, and support bar passes bearing plate, and cramp bar is connected by sliding bearing with bearing plate; The bottom ball pivot is fixed on the bearing plate, is provided with groove in the lower jaw, and lower jaw is connected on the ball pivot of bottom; Lower jaw is relative with upper jaw;
The top of test specimen is embedded in the groove of upper jaw, and the bottom of test specimen is embedded in the groove of lower jaw; Counterweight is positioned on the bearing plate, heating jacket covers on the outside of support, container is between support and heating jacket, strain transducer sticks on the outside wall surface of test specimen, strain transducer is connected with the strain (FBG) demodulator by lead, power supply is connected with the power input of temperature controller, and the output terminal of temperature controller is connected with annular heating jacket.
Further, the proving installation that material is crept under described tension and the environment coupled action also comprises levelling shoe, and levelling shoe is 3 to 6, and levelling shoe is connected the bottom surface of bedplate, and levelling shoe is evenly distributed on the bottom surface of bedplate.
Further, described top ball pivot, bottom ball pivot and bearing plate are made by light-weight high-strength material.
Further, described cramp bar is three, is evenly arranged between location-plate and the bedplate.
Further, described strain transducer is resistance strain plate, and the strain (FBG) demodulator is the resistance-strain (FBG) demodulator.
Further, described strain transducer is fiber-optic grating sensor, and the strain (FBG) demodulator is fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.
Further, described strain transducer is parallel with the axis of test specimen.
The method of testing of the proving installation that material is crept under above-mentioned tension and the environment coupled action, this method of testing may further comprise the steps:
The first step: make the material test specimen: utilize stirring machine stirring material starting material, make the material slurry; Then the material slurry is cast in the dumb-bell shape mould, treat material slurry sclerosis after, form the material test specimen;
Second step: connect strain detection testing device: remove mould, surface scum is removed on abrasive material test specimen surface, forms ganoid test specimen;
The 3rd step: test specimen is carried out wetting balance, prepare the saturated inorganic salt solution corresponding with target control humidity, then test specimen is put into the environment that saturated inorganic salt solution forms, carry out wetting balance, and the weight change of record test specimen, when the weight of test specimen no longer changes, entered for the 4th step;
The 4th step: the temperature of regulating test specimen environment of living in: at first, strain transducer is fixed on the outside wall surface of test specimen, strain transducer links to each other with the strain (FBG) demodulator; Test specimen is placed between upper jaw and the lower jaw, and the container that will fill inorganic salt solution again is placed between support and the heating jacket; Subsequently, set the target temperature of test specimen environment of living in, by temperature controller and heating jacket, the temperature of test specimen environment of living in is regulated, make test specimen environment temperature of living in equal target temperature;
The 5th step: the test of creeping: by the temperature variation in the temperature controller observation heating jacket, when temperature reaches desired value and no longer changes, begin to carry out the test of creeping of material: counterweight is placed on the bearing plate, bearing plate applies tension by bottom ball pivot and lower jaw to test specimen, according to the weight that loads counterweight, regulate the Creep Stress that test specimen is applied; Simultaneously, open the strain (FBG) demodulator, gather strain data, the strain by test specimen is measured the creep strained situation of performance of the material of test specimen under drawing stress and environmental factor coupling over time.
Beneficial effect:Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) in long-term load application process, it is loose that test specimen is unstressed, and stress distribution is even.During traditional material is crept and tested, adopt spring or hydraulic way to load, test specimen generation time deformation meeting causes the decline of Creep Stress, and test specimen is in the relaxation test state.In the proving installation of the present invention, first, adopt the gravity of counterweight to apply the load of creeping, second, by sliding bearing bearing plate is freely moved at cramp bar, reduced the restriction of frictional resistance to test piece deformation effectively, effective transmission of proof stress; Three, adopt light-weight high-strength material to make bearing plate, bottom ball pivot and lower jaw, the weight of bearing plate is compared and can be ignored with the stretching Creep Stress, guarantees that each test specimen test stress condition is identical.In a word, in the proving installation of the present invention, in long-term load application process, it is loose that test specimen is unstressed, and stress distribution is even.
(2) test specimen is coaxial stressed, is conducive to improve accuracy of test.Traditional loading instrument of creeping, the suffered drawing stress of test specimen usually departs from the axis of time.Among the present invention, solve this problem by the following method: the first, the size of strict guarantee test specimen, in the parallel cutting process of test specimen, control roughly with vernier caliper measurement, polish with sand paper then and accurately control; The second, make strain transducer consistent with the axis of test specimen; Three, bearing plate utilizes sliding bearing to link to each other with cramp bar, thereby the restriction bearing plate can only slide up and down at cramp bar, thereby limits the transversely deforming of bearing plate, reduces the possibility of the eccentric load-bearing of test specimen; Four, adopt ball pivot can guarantee to remain in same axis in the test specimen tension process, eccentric tension can not occur.
(3) temperature and humidity control is convenient, the reliability height.Traditional time deformation test is all carried out in the standard chamber of creeping, and temperature and humidity changes greatly.Different material time deformations is subjected to the influence of environment temperature and relative humidity very big.The present invention adopts the temperature controller of intelligence and the temperature that well heater is controlled the residing microenvironment of test specimen, adopts the relative humidity of saturated inorganic salt solution control test specimen test environment.Control has the control accuracy height to temperature and humidity in the present invention, and is convenient and reliable, the advantage that adaptability is good.
(4) stress level is adjustable, the precision height.Traditional creeping loads instrument dependence hydraulic pressure or spring loading, and the precision of loading is lower.The present invention adopts counterweight to load, and only needs to adopt different counterweights just can realize that different Creep Stress load, and the precision of Creep Stress has relation with the precision that adopts counterweight, adopts high-precision counterweight can realize high-precision stress loading.
(5) strain data acquisition precision height.Adopt high-precision strain transducer and strain (FBG) demodulator to come creep time deformation value in the process of capturing material among the present invention, data are stored automatically.Compare with the clock gauge of the traditional artificial reading of dependence, strain data acquisition precision height of the present invention, and reliability height, continuity is good, and saves time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of proving installation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is in the embodiment of the invention 1, and stress level is to the creep effect string diagram of performance of material extending.
Fig. 3 is in the embodiment of the invention 2, and temperature is to the creep effect string diagram of performance of material extending.
Fig. 4 is in the embodiment of the invention 3, and relative humidity is to the creep effect string diagram of performance of material extending.
Have among the figure: support 1, counterweight 2, heating jacket 3, container 4, strain (FBG) demodulator 5, power supply 6, temperature controller 7, levelling shoe 8, strain transducer 9, test specimen 10, location-plate 101, top ball pivot 102, upper jaw 103, cramp bar 104, sliding bearing 105, bearing plate 106, bedplate 107, lower jaw 108 and bottom ball pivot 109.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the proving installation that material is crept under a kind of tension of the present invention and the environment coupled action comprises support 1, counterweight 2, heating jacket 3, the container 4 that fills saturated inorganic salt solution, strain (FBG) demodulator 5, power supply 6, temperature controller 7, strain transducer 9 and test specimen 10.Support 1 comprises location-plate 101, top ball pivot 102, upper jaw 103, cramp bar 104, bearing plate 106, bedplate 107, lower jaw 108 and bottom ball pivot 109.Top ball pivot 102 is fixed on the location-plate 101.Be provided with groove in the upper jaw 103, and upper jaw 103 is connected on the top ball pivot 102.Upper jaw 103 can be convenient to the installation of test specimen 10 around 102 rotations of top ball pivot.Cramp bar 104 is fixedly connected between location-plate 101 and the bedplate 107.On cramp bar 104 tops location-plate 101 is set, can improves the steadiness of cramp bar 101, avoid it to wave.Bearing plate 106 is between location-plate 101 and bedplate 107.Support bar 104 passes bearing plate 106, and cramp bar 104 is connected by sliding bearing 105 with bearing plate 106.Bearing plate 106 moves along cramp bar 104 by sliding bearing 105.Bottom ball pivot 109 is fixed on the bearing plate 106.Be provided with groove in the lower jaw 108, and lower jaw 108 is connected on the bottom ball pivot 109.Lower jaw 108 can be convenient to the installation of test specimen 10 around 109 rotations of bottom ball pivot.Lower jaw 108 is relative with upper jaw 103.Lower jaw 108 and upper jaw 103 are between location-plate 101 and bearing plate 106.The top of test specimen 10 is embedded in the groove of upper jaw 103, and the bottom of test specimen 10 is embedded in the groove of lower jaw 108.Counterweight 2 is positioned on the bearing plate 106.Heating jacket 3 covers on the outside of support 1.Heating jacket 3 can heat entire bracket 1, and then regulates the temperature of test specimen 10 environment of living in.Container 4 is between support 1 and heating jacket 3.Strain transducer 9 sticks on the outside wall surface of test specimen 10.As preferably, described strain transducer 9 is parallel with the axis of test specimen 10.Coaxial when stressed at test specimen 10 like this, the data that strain transducer 9 is gathered are more accurate.Strain transducer 9 is connected with strain (FBG) demodulator 5 by lead.Power supply 6 is connected with the power input of temperature controller 7, and the output terminal of temperature controller 7 is connected with annular heating jacket 3.When strain transducer 9 was resistance strain plate, strain (FBG) demodulator 5 was the resistance-strain (FBG) demodulator.When strain transducer 9 was fiber-optic grating sensor, strain (FBG) demodulator 5 was fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.
Further, the proving installation that material is crept under described tension and the environment coupled action also comprises levelling shoe 8, and levelling shoe 8 is 3 to 6, and levelling shoe 8 is connected the bottom surface of bedplate 107, and levelling shoe 8 is evenly distributed on the bottom surface of bedplate 107.Levelling shoe 8 is set, can allows location-plate 101, bearing plate 106 and bedplate 107 all be in horizontality, make the material performance test of creeping more accurate.
Further, described top ball pivot 102, bottom ball pivot 109 and bearing plate 106 are made by light-weight high-strength material.For example, light-weight high-strength material can adopt plastics, aluminium alloy and fibre-reinforced high molecular material.Make bearing plate 106 by light-weight high-strength material, can reduce the weight of bearing plate 106.Adopt light-weight high-strength material, can bear the required compressive stress of test, and bearing plate 106 weight own compare very for a short time with the compressive stress that applies, can ignore it to test specimen 10 stretching time deformation stress influence, make test more accurate.
Further, described cramp bar 104 is three, is evenly arranged between location-plate 101 and the bedplate 107.Three cramp bars 104 are set realize connection between location-plate 101 and the bedplate 107, and connect the fixing height.Simultaneously, three cramp bars 104 are set, are conducive to bearing plate 106 and stablize slippage.
In above-mentioned proving installation, the top of the groove of upper jaw 103 and test specimen 10 is complementary, the bottom of the groove of lower jaw 108 and test specimen 10 is complementary, and upper jaw 103 links to each other with location-plate 101 by top ball pivot 102, and lower jaw 108 links to each other with bearing plate 106 by bottom ball pivot 109.Groove, top ball pivot 102 and bottom ball pivot 109 are set, are conducive to determine the carrying center of test specimen 10, what make test specimen 10 is subjected to force direction identical with the axis of test specimen 10.
Above-mentioned proving installation comprises: loading section, heating part, humidity control section and strain acquirement part.Loading section mainly is made up of support 1 and counterweight 2, and the location-plate 101 in the support 1 and base 107 are used for fixing entire bracket 1, guarantees the stable of whole loading section; Bearing plate 106 is used for bearing the weight that loads counterweight 2; Bearing plate 106, bottom ball pivot 109 and lower jaw 108 are used for transmitting tension to test specimen 10, and upper jaw 103 and top ball pivot 102 are used for carrying test specimen 10.In order to reduce the resistance that friction brings in test specimen 10 deformation processes, bearing plate 106 usefulness sliding bearings 105 reliably are connected with cramp bar 104.Heating part mainly is made up of temperature controller 7, heating jacket 3 and power supply 6.The target temperature of heating is finished by temperature controller 7 controls.Temperature sensor in the temperature controller 7 is responsible for collecting the real time temperature of heating jacket 3, and feeds back to temp control switch, and temp control switch is handled the temperature signal of temperature sensor feedback.The humidity control section mainly contains saturated inorganic salt solution and packoff two parts are formed.The relative humidity simulation actual humidity environment that utilizes saturated inorganic salt solution to form.3 pairs of entire bracket 1 of heating jacket play sealing function.Strain acquirement partly mainly contains strain transducer 9 and strain (FBG) demodulator 5.
The method of testing of the proving installation that material is crept under above-mentioned tension and the environment coupled action may further comprise the steps:
The first step: make the material test specimen: utilize stirring machine stirring material starting material, make the material slurry; Then the material slurry is cast in the dumb-bell shape mould, treat material slurry sclerosis after, form the material test specimen.Test specimen 10 is made by cement-based material, organic material or inorganic material.
Second step: connect strain detection testing device: remove mould, surface scum is removed on abrasive material test specimen surface, forms ganoid test specimen 10.
The 3rd step: test specimen is carried out wetting balance, prepare the saturated inorganic salt solution corresponding with target control humidity, then test specimen 10 is put into the environment that saturated inorganic salt solution forms, carry out wetting balance, and the weight change of record test specimen 10, when the weight of test specimen 10 no longer changes, entered for the 4th step.
In the 3rd step, according to the inorganic salt solution difference that adopts, can realize the relative humidity control to test specimen 10 environment of living in.
The 4th step: the temperature of regulating test specimen environment of living in: at first, strain transducer 9 is fixed on the outside wall surface of test specimen 10, strain transducer 9 links to each other with strain (FBG) demodulator 5; Test specimen 10 is placed between upper jaw 103 and the lower jaw 108, and the container 4 that will fill inorganic salt solution again is placed between support 1 and the heating jacket 3; Subsequently, set the target temperature of test specimen environment of living in, by temperature controller 7 and heating jacket 3, the temperature of test specimen 10 environment of living in is regulated, make test specimen 10 environment temperatures of living in equal target temperature.
The 5th step: the test of creeping: by the temperature variation in the temperature controller 7 observation heating jackets 3, when temperature reaches desired value and no longer changes, begin to carry out the test of creeping of material: counterweight 2 is placed on the bearing plate 106, bearing plate 106 applies tension by bottom ball pivot 109 and 108 pairs of test specimens 10 of lower jaw, according to the weight that loads counterweight 2, regulate the Creep Stress that test specimen 10 is applied; Simultaneously, open strain (FBG) demodulator 5, gather strain data, the strain by test specimen 10 is measured the creep strained situation of performance of the material of test specimen 10 under drawing stress and environmental factor coupling over time.
When utilizing proving installation of the present invention to carry out stress-environment coupling test, dispose saturated inorganic salt solution at first in accordance with regulations, and test specimen 10 put into wherein, carry out wetting balance, the record weight change is not when test specimen 10 weight have significant change, paste strain transducer 9 on test specimen 10 surfaces, and the reservation external connection, secondly test specimen 10 is placed between upper jaw 103 and the lower jaw 108, and carries out the seal operation of sealing loading frame integral body.Open temperature controller 7 then, test specimen 10 is heated to target temperature, and insulation a period of time.Get six cement-based material test specimens with proportioning subsequently as one group, wherein get three and carry out tension test, obtain average tensile strength.Then utilize proving installation that remaining three test specimens are applied axial tensile stress.The counterweight weight of the good stress application level correspondence of wanting of measuring and calculating in advance (considering that bearing plate is to the effect of test specimen) is placed on test specimen 10 lentamente in the groove of upper jaw 103 and lower jaw 108, and keeps the axis of test specimen 10 consistent with application of force direction.Behind the last loaded, open the stretch data collection task of time deformation value of strain (FBG) demodulator 5.
Embodiment 1:
Cement asphalt mortar match ratio (kg/m
3): dry powder 1000, emulsified asphalt 160, water 110, water reducer 1.4, defoamer 0.05.By said ratio, adopt forced stirrer to mix thoroughly after, with newly mixing in the dumb-bell shape mould that cement asphalt mortar is poured into certain size, then test specimen is put into standard curing room (temperature
T=20 ± 3 ℃,
RH〉=95%) maintenance is taken out to regulation the length of time then in.With the MTS810 experimental machine the good test specimen of maintenance is carried out the pulling strengrth test with reference to GB/T 228.1-2010 " metal material stretching test first: room temperature test method ".According to recording pulling strengrth, adopt proving installation of the present invention and method of testing, test specimen is applied 0.03,0.15 and 0.30 stress level (drawing stress/ultimate tensile stress that applies) respectively, the temperature that controls environment is 20 ℃, relative humidity RH=60%.Behind the loaded, open strain (FBG) demodulator 5, carry out the stretching time deformation test of cement asphalt mortar.Record stress and cement asphalt mortar stretching time deformation concerns as shown in Figure 2 over time.
Among Fig. 2, horizontal ordinate represent to creep length of time of test, unit: day, ordinate is represented the stretching time deformation value of material, unit: μ ε.Lines among Fig. 2 represent that respectively stress level is 0.03,0.15 and the stretching time deformation rule of development in time of 0.30 o'clock material.As can be seen from Figure 2, the stretching of this material absolute value of creeping increases along with the increase of stress level.Simultaneously, because the present invention can gather fast to strain data, the reaction material details that strain value changed with the length of time in the process of creeping that stretches effectively.
Embodiment 2
Cement asphalt mortar match ratio (kg/m
3): dry powder 1000, emulsified asphalt 160, water 110, water reducer 1.4, defoamer 0.05.By said ratio, adopt forced stirrer to mix thoroughly after, with newly mixing in the dumb-bell shape mould that cement asphalt mortar waters certain size, then test specimen is put into standard curing room (temperature
T=20 ± 3 ℃,
RH〉=95%) maintenance is taken out to regulation the length of time then in.With the MTS810 experimental machine the good test specimen of maintenance is carried out the pulling strengrth test with reference to GB/T 228.1-2010 " metal material stretching test first: room temperature test method ".According to recording pulling strengrth, adopt proving installation of the present invention and method of testing, test specimen is applied 0.030 stress level (drawing stress/ultimate tensile stress that applies), setting the heating arrangement target temperature is 20 ℃, 40 ℃ and 80 ℃, and relative humidity is set
RH=60%.Behind the loaded, open strain (FBG) demodulator 5, carry out the stretching time deformation test of cement asphalt mortar under the condition of different temperatures.Record temperature and cement asphalt mortar stretching time deformation concerns as shown in Figure 3 over time.
Among Fig. 3, horizontal ordinate represent to creep length of time of test, unit: day; Ordinate is represented the time deformation value of material, unit: μ ε.The time deformation of material situation over time when the lines among Fig. 3 are represented 20 ℃ of environment temperatures, 40 ℃, 60 ℃ and 80 ℃ respectively.As can be seen from Figure 3, the stretching of material is crept and is increased fast when absolute value begins with the growth in the length of time, tends towards stability gradually then.And stretching time deformation value increases along with the increase of environment temperature.
Embodiment 3
Cement asphalt mortar match ratio (kg/m
3): dry powder 1000, emulsified asphalt 160, water 110, water reducer 1.4, defoamer 0.05.By said ratio, adopt forced stirrer to mix thoroughly after, with newly mixing in the dumb-bell shape mould that cement asphalt mortar waters certain size, then test specimen is put into standard curing room (20 ± 3 ℃ of temperature, RH 〉=95%) maintenance and is taken out then the length of time to regulation.With the MTS810 experimental machine the good test specimen of maintenance is carried out the pulling strengrth test with reference to GB/T 228.1-2010 " metal material stretching test first: room temperature test method ".According to the pulling strengrth that records, adopt proving installation of the present invention and method of testing, test specimen is applied 0.030 stress level (drawing stress/ultimate tensile stress that applies), it is 20 ℃ that temperature is set, preparation control relative humidity is respectively 33%, 75%, 59% and 98% supersaturation inorganic salt solution.Behind the loaded, open strain (FBG) demodulator 5, carry out the stretching time deformation test under the different relative humidity conditions.Record between relative humidity and the cement asphalt mortar stretching time deformation relation as shown in Figure 4.
Among Fig. 4, the length of time that horizontal ordinate is represented to stretch and crept and test, unit: day; Ordinate is represented the stretching time deformation value of material, unit: μ ε.Lines among Fig. 4 represent that respectively relative humidity is 33%, 59%, 75% and at 98% o'clock, and the time deformation of material is situation over time.As can be seen from Figure 4, the stretching time deformation absolute value of material increases fast with the elder generation in the length of time, tends towards stability then.And stretching time deformation value increases along with the increase of envionmental humidity.
Claims (9)
1. the proving installation that material is crept under a tension and the environment coupled action, it is characterized in that, described proving installation comprises support (1), counterweight (2), heating jacket (3), the container (4) that fills saturated inorganic salt solution, strain (FBG) demodulator (5), power supply (6), temperature controller (7), strain transducer (9) and test specimen (10), wherein
Support (1) comprises location-plate (101), top ball pivot (102), upper jaw (103), cramp bar (104), bearing plate (106), bedplate (107), lower jaw (108) and bottom ball pivot (109), top ball pivot (102) is fixed on the location-plate (101), upper jaw is provided with groove in (103), and upper jaw (103) is connected on the top ball pivot (102); Cramp bar (104) is fixedly connected between location-plate (101) and the bedplate (107), bearing plate (106) is positioned between location-plate (101) and the bedplate (107), support bar (104) passes bearing plate (106), and cramp bar (104) is connected by sliding bearing (105) with bearing plate (106); Bottom ball pivot (109) is fixed on the bearing plate (106), and lower jaw is provided with groove in (108), and lower jaw (108) is connected on the bottom ball pivot (109); Lower jaw (108) is relative with upper jaw (103);
The top of test specimen (10) is embedded in the groove of upper jaw (103), and the bottom of test specimen (10) is embedded in the groove of lower jaw (108); Counterweight (2) is positioned on the bearing plate (106), heating jacket (3) covers on the outside of support (1), container (4) is positioned between support (1) and the heating jacket (3), strain transducer (9) sticks on the outside wall surface of test specimen (10), strain transducer (9) is connected with strain (FBG) demodulator (5) by lead, power supply (6) is connected with the power input of temperature controller (7), and the output terminal of temperature controller (7) is connected with annular heating jacket (3).
2. the proving installation of creeping according to material under the described tension of claim 1 and the environment coupled action, it is characterized in that, also comprise levelling shoe (8), levelling shoe (8) is 3 to 6, levelling shoe (8) is connected the bottom surface of bedplate (107), and levelling shoe (8) is evenly distributed on the bottom surface of bedplate (107).
3. the proving installation of creeping according to material under the described tension of claim 1 and the environment coupled action is characterized in that, described top ball pivot (102), bottom ball pivot (109) and bearing plate (106) are made by light-weight high-strength material.
4. the proving installation of creeping according to material under the described tension of claim 1 and the environment coupled action is characterized in that, described cramp bar (104) is three, is evenly arranged between location-plate (101) and the bedplate (107).
5. the proving installation of creeping according to material under the described tension of claim 1 and the environment coupled action is characterized in that, described strain transducer (9) is resistance strain plate, and strain (FBG) demodulator (5) is the resistance-strain (FBG) demodulator.
6. the proving installation of creeping according to material under the described tension of claim 1 and the environment coupled action is characterized in that, described strain transducer (9) is fiber-optic grating sensor, and strain (FBG) demodulator (5) is fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.
7. the proving installation of creeping according to material under the described tension of claim 1 and the environment coupled action is characterized in that, described strain transducer (9) is parallel with the axis of test specimen (10).
8. the method for testing of the proving installation that material is crept under the described tension of claim 1 and the environment coupled action is characterized in that this method of testing may further comprise the steps:
The first step: make the material test specimen: utilize stirring machine stirring material starting material, make the material slurry; Then the material slurry is cast in the dumb-bell shape mould, treat material slurry sclerosis after, form the material test specimen;
Second step: connect strain detection testing device: remove mould, surface scum is removed on abrasive material test specimen surface, forms ganoid test specimen (10);
The 3rd step: test specimen is carried out wetting balance, prepare the saturated inorganic salt solution corresponding with target control humidity, then test specimen (10) is put into the environment that saturated inorganic salt solution forms, carry out wetting balance, and the weight change of record test specimen (10), when the weight of test specimen (10) no longer changes, entered for the 4th step;
The 4th step: the temperature of regulating test specimen environment of living in: at first, strain transducer (9) is fixed on the outside wall surface of test specimen (10), strain transducer (9) links to each other with strain (FBG) demodulator (5); Test specimen (10) is placed between upper jaw (103) and the lower jaw (108), and the container (4) that will fill inorganic salt solution again is placed between support (1) and the heating jacket (3); Subsequently, set the target temperature of test specimen environment of living in, by temperature controller (7) and heating jacket (3), the temperature of test specimen (10) environment of living in is regulated, make test specimen (10) environment temperature of living in equal target temperature;
The 5th step: the test of creeping: observe the interior temperature variation of heating jacket (3) by temperature controller (7), when temperature reaches desired value and no longer changes, begin to carry out the test of creeping of material: counterweight (2) is placed on the bearing plate (106), bearing plate (106) applies tension by bottom ball pivot (109) and lower jaw (108) to test specimen (10), according to the weight that loads counterweight (2), regulate the Creep Stress that test specimen (10) is applied; Simultaneously, open strain (FBG) demodulator (5), gather strain data, the strain by test specimen (10) is measured the creep strained situation of performance of the material of test specimen (10) under drawing stress and environmental factor coupling over time.
9. the method for testing of the proving installation of creeping according to material under the described tension of claim 8 and the environment coupled action is characterized in that in the described first step, test specimen (10) is made by cement-based material, organic material or inorganic material.
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