CN103267667B - A kind of root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick - Google Patents
A kind of root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick Download PDFInfo
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- CN103267667B CN103267667B CN201310167271.1A CN201310167271A CN103267667B CN 103267667 B CN103267667 B CN 103267667B CN 201310167271 A CN201310167271 A CN 201310167271A CN 103267667 B CN103267667 B CN 103267667B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick, belong to crop aluminium toxicity detection field.The crop root that detection method of the present invention will detect for taking harmless band soil, be soaked in water and rinse root table soil well, then immersion deionized water and mass fraction are that 0.2% ascorbic acid-0.02mol/L sulfuric acid mixture liquid is to remove interfering ion successively, then soak to promote dyeing with 0.2mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, again with the dyeing of brazilwood extract dyeing liquid, finally with observing colouring results after deionized water soaking and washing and making qualification.Detection method of the present invention achieves root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity and detects.Testing result is directly perceived, accurately, fast easy and simple to handle, applicability is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection method of crop aluminium toxicity, particularly a kind of root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick.
Background technology
Red Soils in Southern China area about 5.7 × 10
5km
2, be distributed in 15 provinces and regions such as Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Hunan.Due to long-term to the unreasonable development of red soil resources, adding that red soil self development degree is high and eluviation is strong, there is acidifying and causes soil aluminium activation, generation murder by poisoning in red soil.Aluminium toxicity has become the important restriction factor of this area's agricultural production.But not enough to the understanding of crop aluminium toxicity on producing at present, people also pay little attention to, and its reason may have following three aspects:
(1) aluminium toxicity directly shows affects plant root growth, and the upper crop root growth factor that affects of production is a lot, and the toxic action of aluminium is easily out in the cold.
(2) aluminium toxicity cause the reason of crop yield and Quality Down mainly aluminium poison affect the absorption to nutrient and moisture of remote effect crop after plant root growth; Plant suffers aluminium toxicity not show fixing appearance character in field, but shows the similar symptom of to plant element (as phosphorus, magnesium and calcium etc.) with some and lacking, thus causes peasant to be thought by mistake by aluminium toxicity being the shortage of some element in soil.
(3) many based on water planting condition to the research of crop aluminium toxicity at present, and under soil cultivation condition, the research of crop aluminium toxicity is not enough, and lack the method effectively identifying crop aluminium toxicity.
Due to insufficient to the understanding of aluminium poison in actual production, also lack and effectively fast detect the method that crop suffers aluminium poison, the crop health status of peasant's usually mistaken diagnosis oneself, fails to take effective measure in time slow down crop aluminium toxicity.
Affect by aluminium toxicity, root system of plant can in conjunction with the aluminium of some.Aluminium toxicity is more serious, and the aluminium that root system combines is more.The reactive aluminum that the haematine of slaking can be combined with root system, is formed main with haematine-AlPO
4compound is main fuchsia-colored complex (Ownby, 1993), and the aluminium that combines of root system more multiform become painted darker.Therefore, plant identification can be carried out by aluminium toxicity degree and the resistance to aluminium kind of screening crop according to the degree of plant root table hematoxylin stain.As (1978) such as Polle under water planting condition with the wheat seedling of aluminium process different cultivars, then carry out brazilwood extract dyeing, and screen resistance to aluminium kind according to the hematoxylin stain situation of wheat root.This method was used for screening the resistance to aluminium kind of the crop such as peanut and pea (Pal and Dey, 1999 by reference afterwards; He Li is rotten, and 2010).Because brazilwood extract dyeing is subject to the interference of the factor such as ferric ion and fluorine ion, their experiment is all carried out in calcium liquid.At present, there is no by decoration method, particularly identify the relevant report of root system of plant aluminium toxicity under soil cultivation condition with brazilwood extract dyeing.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick.Under the present invention can realize detecting soil cultivation condition fast, whether crop suffers aluminium toxicity, and crop is growth retardation because suffering aluminium toxicity to allow peasant correctly recognize, or other factors and growth retardation, can take rapidly effective Improving Measurements.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick, is realized by following steps:
(1) get root: the crop that random choose grows on acid ground, with water by moistening for its surrounding soil, obtain complete crop root;
(2) soak: complete crop root step (1) obtained immerses in tap water, allow root table soil is soaked loosely departs from root table naturally;
(3) rinse: the soil that the root table processed by tap water step (2) is residual, rinse two to three times, guarantee that root table is without soil;
(4) remove interfering ion: the root cleaned in step (3) is put into pure water and embathes 10 ~ 30 minutes, pure water wants complete submergence root system; Root after embathing is transferred in anti-interference liquid and is embathed 20 ~ 60 minutes, and anti-interference liquid wants complete submergence root system, within every 5 minutes, sways anti-interference liquid, guarantees that interfering ion is removed completely; Putting into pure water after taking-up embathes;
(5) short dye: the root processed through step (4) is put into short dye liquor and soak 10 ~ 30 minutes, complete submergence root system wanted by short dye liquor; Putting into pure water after taking-up embathes;
(6) dye: the root through above-mentioned process is put into dyeing liquor dyeing 15 ~ 60 minutes, dyeing liquor wants complete submergence root system;
(7) decolour: after step (6) dyeing, root system is put into pure water and embathe 10 ~ 60 minutes, within every 10 minutes, change a pure water, until the pure water changed clothes for the last time does not have color;
(8) identify: the root system after step (7) process presents white, redness or aubergine, color and the coloring degree of foundation crop root judge that crop root suffers the degree of aluminium toxicity, and crop root is divided into by aluminium toxicity degree and does not suffer aluminium toxicity, slightly suffers aluminium toxicity, moderate suffers aluminium toxicity and seriously suffer aluminium toxicity four class; As white > 80%*, red < 19%, during aubergine < 1%, judges that crop root does not suffer aluminium toxicity; As white > 50%*, red < 40%*, during aubergine < 10%, judges that crop root slightly suffers aluminium toxicity; As white < 30%, during red > 40%*, aubergine < 30%*, judge that crop root moderate suffers aluminium toxicity; As white < 10%, during red < 10%, aubergine > 80%*, judge that crop root seriously suffers aluminium toxicity; Data with * are the main judgment basis of various murder by poisoning degree.
Acid ground described in step (1) is preferably red earth;
Crop described in step (1) is the one in Gramineae cereal crops, grain legume crop or vegetable crop, and the crop chosen is preferably crop in seedling stage;
Complete crop root described in step (1) carries out different process according to the size of crop plant, when crop plant is less, gets the whole strain crop with complete root system; When crop plant is larger, then mainly retain the complete root system of crop;
Pure water described in step (4) is the one in experiment deionized water, distilled water or commercially available pure water;
Anti-interference liquid described in step (4) is ascorbic acid-sulfuric acid mixture liquid, and wherein the massfraction of ascorbic acid is 0.1% ~ 1%, is preferably mass fraction 0.2%; Sulfuric acid concentration is 0.01 ~ 0.05mol/L, is preferably 0.02mol/L; Processing time is 20 ~ 60 minutes, is preferably 30 ~ 40 minutes;
Interfering ion described in step (4) mainly contains Fe
3+, Fe
2+, Cu
2+, Pb
2+and F
-;
In anti-interference liquid, the Main Function of ascorbic acid is reductive agent, by Fe
3+be reduced to Fe
2+, ascorbic acid and Fe simultaneously
3+or Fe
2+form soluble compound; Sulfuric acid Main Function is the pH maintaining anti-interference liquid is 2.5 ~ 6.0, guarantees that ascorbic acid plays a role, simultaneously sulfuric acid and Cu
2+or Pb
2+form soluble compound; The ultimate principle that anti-interference liquid removing interfering ion plays a role is in acid condition, the Fe that crop root table adsorbs by ascorbic acid
3+be reduced to Fe
2+, part ferric ion and F
-react, and then eliminate the F of crop root table absorption
-; Ascorbic acid can with Fe
3+or Fe
2+form soluble compound; Sulfuric acid also can Cu
2+or Pb
2+form soluble compound; These soluble compounds embathe sway after be eluted in solution, thus reach by crop root table adsorb interfering ion remove object;
Short dye liquor described in step (5) is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution or disodium phosphate soln, is preferably dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution; Concentration is 0.1 ~ 0.5mol/L, is preferably 0.2mol/L; PH value is 4.5 ~ 5.0, is preferably 4.5; Processing time is 10 ~ 30 minutes, preferably 10 ~ 20 minutes.
Dyeing liquor described in step (6) is brazilwood extract dyeing liquid, and composition is haematine and sodium iodate or Potassiumiodate; Haematine concentration is 2 ~ 5g/L, is preferably 2g/L; Sodium iodate or Potassiumiodate concentration are 0.2 ~ 0.5g/L, are preferably 0.2g/L; Dyeing temperature is normal temperature, is preferably 25 DEG C; Processing time is 15 ~ 60 minutes, preferably 30 minutes.
The present invention has following advantage and effect relative to prior art:
1, under realizing soil cultivation condition, crop aluminium toxicity detects.In view of the complicacy of soil cultivation condition, detected in the past carry out under water planting condition crop aluminium toxicity, difficult and production is actual to be combined, and then truly cannot reflect that in actual production, crop suffers aluminium toxicity situation.The inventive method, by uprooting, cleaning and remove interfering ion step, effectively eliminates some disturbing factors under soil cultivation condition, and under realizing soil cultivation condition, crop aluminium toxicity detects.
2, visual result, accurately.The aluminium that the inventive method can be combined with root system according to haematine forms fuchsia-colored complex, and the aluminium that root system combines is the multiform principle that becomes compound more more, by the observation brazilwood extract dyeing depth and root system coloring degree, crop root very intuitively and exactly can be told by aluminium toxicity degree.Do not need that experience is consuming time for a long time, cost is high and complex experiment room chemical analysis.
3, fast easy and simple to handle, applicability is strong.Reagent needed for the inventive method is simple and easy to get, does not also need pertinent instruments, and operation steps is also simple, mainly embathes and dyes; As long as prepare related reagent in advance, add simple explanation, common peasant oneself just can be allowed at field Site Detection, suffer aluminium toxicity with Accurate Diagnosis crop or lack certain element, and taking effective prophylactico-therapeutic measures as early as possible.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the quick testing result figure of embodiment 1 maize root system aluminium toxicity.The maize root system being planted in red earth 1, red earth 2, red earth 3 and red earth 4 from left to right successively.
Fig. 2 is the quick testing result figure of embodiment 2 rice root aluminium toxicity.The rice root being planted in red earth 1, red earth 2, red earth 3 and red earth 4 from left to right successively.
Fig. 3 is the quick testing result figure of embodiment 3 soybean root system aluminium toxicity.The soybean root system being planted in red earth 1, red earth 2, red earth 3 and red earth 4 from left to right successively.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment with paddy rice, corn and soybean for experiment material illustrates method of the present invention.
Four kinds of soil in embodiment are all red earth, are labeled as red earth 1, red earth 2, red earth 3 and red earth 4 respectively.These active Al content in soils are in table 1.According to table 1, tentatively judging except red earth 1, all there is aluminium toxicity in other three kinds of soil; And relative to red earth 3 and red earth 4, the aluminium toxicity situation of red earth 2 is comparatively light, even aluminium toxicity is not produced to some crop.
Active Al content in soils tested by table 1
Soil exchangeable aluminium saturation (%)=exchangeable aluminum content ÷ soil effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) × 100(%).Exchangeable aluminum adopts 1mol/L KCl lixiviate 30 minutes, eriochrome cyanine R colorimetric method for determining.Soil effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) is asked by addition.ECEC is Soil exchangeable Al total amount and soil exchangeable acid total amount sum.Wherein Soil exchangeable Al total amount 1mol/L NH
4oAc lixiviate, 0.05mol/L NaOH titration.Soil exchangeable acid total amount adopts 1mol/L KCl exchange-neutralization titration.Concrete " Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry " (third edition) of writing with reference to Bao Shidan.
Embodiment 1: maize root system aluminium toxicity detects fast
Cultivate one week large corn seedling by river sand, be transplanted in above-mentioned four kinds of red earths.Cultivate after five days, take 60 strain corns, clean up with tap water, it is long to measure its seminal root root; Clip root system is dried and is pulverized, and measures root system aluminium content.Separately get 10 strain corns and detect its aluminium toxicity situation according to method for quick of the present invention.Detection method concrete operations, for being soaked in water and rinsing root table soil well, soak 10 minutes with deionized water; Mass fraction is after 0.2% ascorbic acid-0.02mol/L sulfuric acid mixture liquid embathes 40 minutes, washed with de-ionized water one time; 0.2mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate soaks 15 minutes, then washed with de-ionized water one time; 2g/L brazilwood extract dyeing liquid dyes 30 minutes; Finally observe colouring results by deionized water soaking and washing after 30 minutes and make qualification.
The seminal root root of concrete different soils cultivated maize is long the results are shown in Table 2, and root system aluminium content results is in table 3, and method for quick detects maize root system aluminium toxicity situation and sees accompanying drawing 1.
Embodiment 2: rice root aluminium toxicity detects fast
Cultivate one week large rice seedling by river sand, be transplanted in above-mentioned four kinds of red earths.Cultivate after ten days, take 120 strain paddy rice, clean up with tap water, it is long to measure its seminal root root; Clip root system is dried and is pulverized, and measures root system aluminium content.Separately get 10 strain paddy rice and detect its aluminium toxicity situation according to method for quick of the present invention.Detection method concrete operations, for being soaked in water and rinsing root table soil well, soak 10 minutes with deionized water; Mass fraction is after 0.2% ascorbic acid-0.02mol/L sulfuric acid mixture liquid embathes 30 minutes, washed with de-ionized water one time; 0.2mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate soaks 10 minutes, then washed with de-ionized water one time; 2g/L brazilwood extract dyeing liquid dyes 30 minutes; Finally observe colouring results by deionized water soaking and washing after 30 minutes and make qualification.
The seminal root root of different soils rice-cultivating is long the results are shown in Table 2, and root system aluminium content results is in table 3, and method for quick detects rice root aluminium toxicity situation and sees accompanying drawing 2.
Embodiment 3: soybean root system aluminium toxicity detects fast
Cultivate one week large soybean seedling by river sand, be transplanted in above-mentioned four kinds of red earths.Cultivate after five days, take 60 strain soybean, clean up with tap water, it is long to measure its seminal root root; Clip root system is dried and is pulverized, and measures root system aluminium content.Separately get 10 strain soybean and detect its aluminium toxicity situation according to method for quick of the present invention.Detection method concrete operations, for being soaked in water and rinsing root table soil well, soak 20 minutes with deionized water; Massfraction is after 0.2% ascorbic acid-0.02mol/L sulfuric acid mixture liquid embathes 40 minutes, washed with de-ionized water one time; 0.2mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate soaks 20 minutes, then washed with de-ionized water one time; 2g/L brazilwood extract dyeing liquid dyes 30 minutes; Finally observe colouring results by deionized water soaking and washing after 30 minutes and make qualification.
The seminal root root of different soils the cultivated soybean is long the results are shown in Table 2, and root system aluminium content results is in table 3, and method for quick detects soybean root system aluminium toxicity situation and sees accompanying drawing 3.
Testing result is as follows:
The impact (cm) that table 2 different soils is long on Different Crop seminal root root
| Soil | Corn | Paddy rice | Soybean |
| Red earth 1 | 7.59±1.57 | 4.26±0.39 | 6.82±1.03 |
| Red earth 2 | 7.02±0.26 | 3.58±0.25 | 6.10±0.33 |
| Red earth 3 | 6.00±0.49 | 2.60±0.18 | 5.72±0.16 |
| Red earth 4 | 4.36±0.49 | 2.19±0.16 | 4.90±0.32 |
Table 3 different soils is on Different Crop root system aluminium content impact (mg/kg)
| Soil | Corn | Paddy rice | Soybean |
| Red earth 1 | 63.51±6.92 | 71.19±6.92 | 96.13±11.98 |
| Red earth 2 | 222.77±62.26 | 280.34±35.95 | 339.82±10.15 |
| Red earth 3 | 1316.49±58.23 | 1585.12±60.40 | 1742.46±79.97 |
| Red earth 4 | 1817.29±40.84 | 2047.55±72.13 | 2285.48±99.28 |
Aluminium poison mainly suppresses crop root growth to plant growth impact.Embodiment 1 experimental result shows, compared with being planted in the maize seedling of red earth 1, the seminal root being planted in the maize seedling of other three kinds of soil extends and is all affected, and influence degree increases with soil aluminium content and increases the weight of, and namely the aluminium toxicity of red earth 4 is the most serious.Measure maize root system aluminium content to find, the maize seedling root system aluminium content being planted in red earth 4 reaches 1817mg/kg, produces serious murder by poisoning to corn growth.Maize root system aluminium toxicity is detected with method for quick, find that the maize seedling being planted in red earth 1 does not suffer aluminium toxicity, suffer slight aluminium toxicity at the maize seedling of red earth 2, suffer moderate aluminium toxicity at the maize seedling of red earth 3, suffer serious aluminium toxicity at the maize seedling of red earth 4.This shows, the result detecting maize root system aluminium toxicity with method for quick is long and root system aluminium content results is identical with seminal root root.
Embodiment 2 experimental result shows, method for quick detects rice root aluminium toxicity result and shows, the rice seedlings being planted in red earth 1 does not suffer aluminium toxicity, slight aluminium toxicity is suffered at the rice seedlings of red earth 2, suffer moderate aluminium toxicity at the rice seedlings of red earth 3, suffer serious aluminium toxicity at the rice seedlings of red earth 4.This and seminal root root are grown and root system aluminium content results is coincide.
Embodiment 3 experimental result shows, method for quick detects soybean root system aluminium toxicity result and seminal root root is long and root system aluminium content results is coincide.Namely the large bean seedlings being planted in red earth 1 do not suffer aluminium toxicity, suffer slight aluminium toxicity at the large bean seedlings of red earth 2, suffer moderate aluminium toxicity at the large bean seedlings of red earth 3, suffer serious aluminium toxicity at the large bean seedlings of red earth 4.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick, it is characterized in that being realized by following steps: (1) gets root: be chosen at the crop that acid ground grows, with water by moistening for its surrounding soil, obtain complete crop root;
(2) soak: complete crop root step (1) obtained immerses in tap water, allow root table soil is soaked loosely departs from root table naturally;
(3) rinse: the soil that the root table processed by tap water step (2) is residual, rinse two to three times, guarantee that root table is without soil;
(4) remove interfering ion: the root cleaned in step (3) is put into pure water and embathes 10 ~ 30 minutes, pure water wants complete submergence root system; Root after embathing is transferred in anti-interference liquid and is embathed 20 ~ 60 minutes, and anti-interference liquid wants complete submergence root system, within every 5 minutes, sways anti-interference liquid, guarantees that interfering ion is removed completely; Putting into pure water after taking-up embathes;
(5) short dye: the root processed through step (4) is put into short dye liquor and soak 10 ~ 30 minutes, complete submergence root system wanted by short dye liquor; Putting into pure water after taking-up embathes;
(6) dye: the root through above-mentioned process is put into dyeing liquor dyeing 15 ~ 60 minutes, dyeing liquor wants complete submergence root system;
(7) decolour: after step (6) dyeing, root system is put into pure water and embathe 10 ~ 60 minutes, within every 10 minutes, change a pure water, until the pure water changed clothes for the last time does not have color;
(8) identify: the root system after step (7) process presents white, redness or aubergine, color and the coloring degree of foundation crop root judge that crop root suffers the degree of aluminium toxicity;
Anti-interference liquid described in step (4) is ascorbic acid-sulfuric acid mixture liquid, and wherein the massfraction of ascorbic acid is 0.1% ~ 1%; Sulfuric acid concentration is 0.01 ~ 0.05mol/L.
2. root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the acid ground described in step (1) is red earth.
3. root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the crop described in step (1) is the one in Gramineae cereal crops, grain legume crop or vegetable crop, choosing crop is crop in seedling stage.
4. root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the complete crop root described in step (1) carries out different process according to the size of crop plant, when crop plant is less, get the whole strain crop with complete root system; When crop plant is larger, retain the complete root system of crop.
5. root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the anti-interference liquid described in step (4) is ascorbic acid-sulfuric acid mixture liquid, wherein the massfraction of ascorbic acid is 0.2%; Sulfuric acid concentration is 0.02mol/L; Processing time is 30 ~ 40 minutes.
6. root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the short dye liquor described in step (5) is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution or disodium phosphate soln, the concentration of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution is 0.1 ~ 0.5mol/L; PH value is 4.5 ~ 5.0; Processing time is 10 ~ 30 minutes.
7. root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the short dye liquor dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution concentration described in step (5) is 0.2mol/L; PH value is 4.5; Processing time is 10 ~ 20 minutes.
8. root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the dyeing liquor described in step (6) is brazilwood extract dyeing liquid, and composition is haematine and sodium iodate or Potassiumiodate; Haematine concentration is 2 ~ 5g/L; Sodium iodate or Potassiumiodate concentration are 0.2 ~ 0.5g/L; Dyeing temperature is normal temperature; Processing time is 15 ~ 60 minutes.
9. root of crop under soil cultivation condition aluminium toxicity method for quick according to claim 8, is characterized in that: in the dyeing liquor described in step (6), haematine concentration is 2g/L; Sodium iodate or Potassiumiodate concentration are 0.2g/L; Processing time is 30 minutes.
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| CN104017745B (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2017-02-01 | 井冈山大学 | Bacterial strain resistant to acid-aluminum |
| CN117789201A (en) * | 2024-02-27 | 2024-03-29 | 南京农业大学 | Rice root system nondestructive acquisition method, device, storage medium and system |
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