CN103258962B - A kind of method utilizing the induction organic solar batteries active layer crystallization of interfacial crystallization cushion - Google Patents
A kind of method utilizing the induction organic solar batteries active layer crystallization of interfacial crystallization cushion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of method utilizing the induction organic solar batteries active layer crystallization of interfacial crystallization cushion, it is characterized in that between anode/cathode cushion and the active layer of forwards/reverse solaode, or between the anode/cathode of forwards/reverse solaode and active layer, one layer of crystallinity cushion of spin coating, donor material crystallization in induction forward organic solar batteries active layer, thus forming orderly active layer pattern, the material used by crystallinity cushion is can the crystalline material of induced activity layer. The present invention is a kind of simple and effective regulation and control pattern method, can not only overcome charge recombination, additionally it is possible to induced activity layer crystallization is self-assembled into ordered arrangement, reach desirable active layer pattern, is a kind of simple, method of being effectively improved device efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic optoelectronic technical field.
Background technology
Along with energy demand strengthens day by day, environmental pollution is day by day serious, and solar energy becomes the pursuing of goal of the whole society as cleaning, reproducible green energy resource. Solaode is one of maximally effective approach of Application of Solar Energy, and it mainly includes inorganic solar cell and organic solar batteries. Compared with inorganic solar cell, organic solar batteries has a low cost of manufacture, abundant raw materials, and preparation technology is simple, can large area manufacture, light weight such as is easy to carry at the advantage, it has also become the focus of research both at home and abroad in recent years.
Current body heterojunction polymer solar battery active layer is mainly made up of donor material and acceptor material, and wherein donor material includes polythiophene, polyfluorene class and polysilico fluorene class equiconjugate polymer, and acceptor material is mainly the derivant of fullerene. In recent years, most study be active layer is P3HT:PCBM polymer solar battery, although its solar energy conversion efficiency has reached 5%, but cannot meet the requirement of real world applications. Research shows, optimizes a kind of method that active layer pattern is photoelectric transformation efficiency improving solaode.And the orderly co-continuous inierpeneirating network structure being made up of donor material and acceptor material, not only contribute to the exciton separation at the electric charge at interface, also provide effective passage for electric charge to the transmission of each electrode, be desirable active layer pattern. The crystallinity improving active layer material can improve the order of active layer, improves carrier mobility. Currently, thermal annealing, solvent anneal, and in active layer, add the method such as additive be able to improve the crystalline effective ways of active layer, thus improving solar battery efficiency. But current research is reported, these methods all can cause that PCBM is vertically gathered near PEDOT:PSS, and P3HT is away from PEDOT:PSS layer, is gathered in above active layer, causes the compound again of electric charge, this is on the contrary with desirable active layer pattern.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim at providing a kind of method utilizing the induction organic solar batteries active layer crystallization of interfacial crystallization cushion, induced activity layer is self-assembly of the desirable pattern being prone to electric charge transmission, improves the energy conversion efficiency of device. Different solvents is adopted to prepare crystallinity cushion, to improve crystallinity buffer layer polymers crystallinity, and solution loss when being prevented effectively from spin coating active layer, improve double-deck stability.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A kind of method utilizing interfacial crystallization cushion to induce organic solar batteries active layer crystallization of the present invention is: when for forward solaode, between the anode buffer layer and active layer of forward solaode, one layer of crystallinity cushion of spin coating, donor material crystallization in induction forward organic solar batteries active layer, thus forming orderly active layer pattern. Material used by crystallinity cushion is can the crystalline material of induced activity layer, such as polythiophene (P3HT), poly-two thiophene benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalenes-dithieno diazosulfide (PBDT-DTNT), benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalene-bithiophene (PTB7), poly-two thiophene germanium-thiophene pyrrole alkanone (PDTG-TPD) etc., its device architecture is as shown in Figure 1.
When for reverse solaode, between the cathode buffer layer and active layer of reverse solaode, one layer of crystallinity cushion of spin coating, induce the acceptor material crystallization in reverse organic solar batteries active layer, thus forming orderly active layer pattern. Material used by crystallinity cushion be can the crystalline material of induced activity layer, such as [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butanoic acid oxetanes dendroid ester (PCBOD), [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butylbenzene vinyl dendroid ester (C-PCBSD) etc., its device architecture is as shown in Figure 3.
The another kind of technical scheme of a kind of method utilizing the induction organic solar batteries active layer crystallization of interfacial crystallization cushion of the present invention is: when for forward solaode, directly between the anode and active layer of forward solaode, one layer of crystallinity cushion of spin coating, donor material crystallization in induction forward organic solar batteries active layer, thus forming orderly active layer pattern. Material used by crystallinity cushion is can the crystalline material of induced activity layer, such as polythiophene (P3HT), poly-two thiophene benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalenes-dithieno diazosulfide (PBDT-DTNT), benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalene-bithiophene (PTB7), poly-two thiophene germanium-thiophene pyrrole alkanone (PDTG-TPD) etc., its device architecture is as shown in Figure 2.
When for reverse solaode, directly between the negative electrode of reverse solaode and active layer, one layer of crystallinity cushion of spin coating, induce the acceptor material crystallization in reverse organic solar batteries active layer, thus forming orderly active layer pattern. Material used by crystallinity cushion be can the crystalline material of induced activity layer, such as [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butanoic acid oxetanes dendroid ester (PCBOD), [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butylbenzene vinyl dendroid ester (C-PCBSD) etc., its device architecture is as shown in Figure 4.
The novelty of the present invention is to utilize crystalline polymer cushion induced activity layer crystallization to form orderly inierpeneirating network structure, is a kind of simple and effective regulation and control pattern method. Meanwhile, crystallinity buffer layer polymers crystallinity can be improved, and be effectively improved double-deck stability. The present invention can not only overcome charge recombination, additionally it is possible to induced activity layer crystallization is self-assembled into ordered arrangement, reaches desirable active layer pattern. This is a kind of simple, the method being effectively improved device efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the forward device architecture schematic diagram of the present invention. Wherein 1-1 is substrate, and 1-2 is anode, and 1-3 is anode buffer layer, and 1-4 is crystallinity cushion, and 1-5 is active layer, and 1-6 is cathode buffer layer, and 1-7 is negative electrode.
Fig. 2 is the forward device architecture schematic diagram of another kind scheme of the present invention. Wherein 2-1 is substrate, and 2-2 is anode, and 2-3 is crystallinity cushion, and 2-5 is active layer, and 2-6 is cathode buffer layer, and 2-7 is negative electrode.
Fig. 3 is the inverted device structural representation of the present invention. Wherein 3-1 is substrate, and 3-7 is negative electrode, and 3-6 is cathode buffer layer, and 3-8 is crystallinity cushion, and 3-5 is active layer, and 3-3 is anode buffer layer, and 3-2 is anode.
Fig. 4 is the inverted device structural representation of another kind scheme of the present invention. Wherein 4-1 is substrate, and 4-7 is negative electrode, and 4-6 is crystallinity cushion, and 4-5 is active layer, and 4-3 is anode buffer layer, and 4-2 is anode.
Fig. 5 is the active layer P3HT:PCBM shape appearance figure of the ordered arrangement of the high crystalline polythiophene cushion induction described in embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is the voltage-current curve of the device of embodiment 1 gained.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be described further by following example.
Embodiment 1.
The present embodiment (structure is as shown in Figure 1) is the P3HT crystallinity cushion induction P3HT/PC61BM active layer crystallization introducing a layer height crystallization in forward solaode, is self-assembly of orderly pattern. Comprise the following steps that.
(1) cleaning of anode ito glass: by load ito glass on host glass material through acetone ultrasonic cleaning, detergent cleans, and deionized water cleans, deionized water is ultrasonic, isopropanol is ultrasonic, thoroughly dries 30 minutes at 120 DEG C after cleaning, and then UV ozone processes 10 minutes.
(2) preparation of anode buffer layer: at the thin film that the aqueous solution of the ito anode surface spin coating PEDOT/PSS cleaned up through step (1) is thick to prepare about 40nm, heat 20 minutes at 140 DEG C.
(3) preparation of crystallinity cushion (the P3HT cushion of highly crystalline): P3HT is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran solvent, ultrasonic dissolution, through 60 degree of heated and stirred one nights in glove box, it is spin-coated on the PEDOT/PSS hole transmission layer prepared by step (2), then dries two hours in glove box.
(4) preparation of active layer: spin coating P3HT:PC on P3HT crystallinity cushion61The o-dichlorobenzene solution of BM, dries and is then annealed 10 minutes at 150 degree in 2 hours.
(5) preparation of cathode buffer layer and negative electrode: after above-mentioned steps, is transferred in vacuum coater by device, is evacuated to 4 × 10-4Pa, is deposited with LiF and Al electrode, controls its thickness respectively 0.8nm and 100nm, obtain polymer solar battery.
Device performance is: standard analog sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW/cm2) under irradiation, open-circuit voltage=0.654V; Short circuit current=12.9mA/cm2; Fill factor, curve factor=58.1%; Energy conversion efficiency=5.14%. The shape appearance figure of device active layers such as Fig. 5, its current-voltage curve is as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 2.
The present embodiment (structure is as shown in Figure 2) is that the P3HT crystallinity cushion directly utilizing a layer height crystallization replaces anode buffer layer stop electronics and induces P3HT/PCBM active layer to carry out self assembly, forms orderly pattern. Concrete steps are except step (2) in embodiment 1, and other is all identical with embodiment 1.
Device performance is: standard analog sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW/cm2) under irradiation, open-circuit voltage=0.624V; Short circuit current=11.5mA/cm2; Fill factor, curve factor=55.1%; Energy conversion efficiency=3.95%.
Embodiment 3.
The present embodiment (structure is as shown in Figure 1) is to utilize poly-two thiophene benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalenes-dithieno diazosulfide (PBDT-DTNT) as crystallinity cushion, and induction gathers two thiophene benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalenes-dithieno diazosulfide (PBDT-DTNT) and PC71BM active layer carries out self assembly, forms orderly pattern.
It is as follows that this example is embodied as step.
(1) cleaning of anode ito glass: by load ito glass on host glass material through acetone ultrasonic cleaning, detergent cleans, and deionized water cleans, deionized water is ultrasonic, isopropanol is ultrasonic, thoroughly dries 30 minutes at 120 DEG C after cleaning, and then UV ozone processes 10 minutes.
(2) preparation of anode buffer layer: at the thin film that the aqueous solution of the ito anode surface spin coating PEDOT/PSS cleaned up through step (1) is thick to prepare about 40nm, heat 20 minutes at 140 DEG C.
(3) preparation of crystallinity cushion (the PBDT-DTNT cushion of highly crystalline): PBDT-DTNT is dissolved in dichloromethane solvent, ultrasonic dissolution, through 60 degree of heated and stirred one nights in glove box, it is spin-coated on the PEDOT/PSS hole transmission layer prepared by step (2), then dries two hours in glove box.
(4) preparation of active layer: the o-dichlorobenzene solution of spin coating PBDT-DTNT:PC71BM on PBDT-DTNT crystallinity cushion, dries and is then annealed 10 minutes at 150 degree in 2 hours.
(5) preparation of cathode buffer layer and negative electrode: after above-mentioned steps, is transferred in vacuum coater by device, is evacuated to 4 × 10-4Pa, is deposited with LiF and Al electrode, controls its thickness respectively 0.8nm and 100nm, obtain polymer solar battery.
Device performance is: standard analog sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW/cm2) under irradiation, open-circuit voltage=0.74V; Short circuit current=17.8mA/cm2; Fill factor, curve factor=68.1%; Energy conversion efficiency=8.9%.
Embodiment 4.
The present embodiment (structure is as shown in Figure 2) is that the PBDT-DTNT cushion directly utilizing a layer height crystallization replaces anode buffer layer stop electronics and induces PBDT-DTNT/PC71BM active layer to carry out self assembly, forms orderly pattern. Concrete steps are removed crystallinity cushion in embodiment 2 and are changed PBDT-DTNT into, and active layer is changed to PBDT-DTNT/PC71BM, other is all identical with embodiment 2.
Device performance is: standard analog sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW/cm2) under irradiation, open-circuit voltage=0.72V; Short circuit current=17.3mA/cm2; Fill factor, curve factor=65.1%; Energy conversion efficiency=8.1%.
Embodiment 5.
This example (structure is as shown in Figure 1) is to utilize benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalene-bithiophene (PTB7) as crystallinity cushion, induction benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalene-bithiophene (PTB7) and PC71The blended active layer of BM carries out self assembly, forms orderly pattern.
It is as follows that this example is embodied as step.
(1) cleaning of anode ito glass: by load ito glass on host glass material through acetone ultrasonic cleaning, detergent cleans, and deionized water cleans, deionized water is ultrasonic, isopropanol is ultrasonic, thoroughly dries 30 minutes at 120 DEG C after cleaning, and then UV ozone processes 10 minutes.
(2) preparation of anode buffer layer: at the thin film that the aqueous solution of the ito anode surface spin coating PEDOT/PSS cleaned up through step 1 is thick to prepare about 40nm, heat 20 minutes at 140 DEG C.
(3) preparation of crystallinity cushion (the PTB7 cushion of highly crystalline): PTB7 is dissolved in o-dichlorohenzene solvent, ultrasonic dissolution, through 60 degree of heated and stirred one nights in glove box, it is spin-coated on the PEDOT/PSS hole transmission layer prepared by step (2), then dries two hours in glove box.
(4) preparation of active layer: the o-dichlorobenzene solution of spin coating PTB7:PC71BM on PTB7 crystallinity cushion, dries and is then annealed 10 minutes at 150 degree in 2 hours.
(5) preparation of cathode buffer layer and negative electrode: after above-mentioned steps, is transferred in vacuum coater by device, is evacuated to 4 × 10-4Pa, is deposited with LiF and Al electrode, controls its thickness respectively 0.8nm and 100nm, obtain polymer solar battery.
Device performance is: standard analog sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW/cm2) under irradiation, open-circuit voltage=0.751V; Short circuit current=18.5mA/cm2; Fill factor, curve factor=73.1%; Energy conversion efficiency=10.15%.
Embodiment 6.
The present embodiment (structure is as shown in Figure 2) is that the PTB7 crystallinity cushion directly utilizing a layer height crystallization replaces anode buffer layer stop electronics and induces PTB7:PC71BM active layer carries out self assembly, forms orderly pattern. Concrete steps are removed crystallinity cushion in embodiment 2 and are changed PTB7 into, and active layer is changed to PTB7:PC71BM, other is all identical with embodiment 2.
Device performance is: standard analog sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW/cm2) under irradiation, open-circuit voltage=0.75V; Short circuit current=17.6mA/cm2; Fill factor, curve factor=71.1%; Energy conversion efficiency=9.4%.
Embodiment 7.
The present embodiment (structure is as shown in Figure 3) is the PCBOD crystallinity cushion induction P3HT/PC introducing a layer height crystallization in reverse solaode61BM active layer crystallization, is self-assembly of orderly pattern.
Comprise the following steps that.
(1) cleaning of negative electrode ito glass: by load ito glass on host glass material through acetone ultrasonic cleaning, detergent cleans, and deionized water cleans, deionized water is ultrasonic, isopropanol is ultrasonic, thoroughly dries 30 minutes at 120 DEG C after cleaning, and then UV ozone processes 10 minutes.
(2) preparation of cathode buffer layer: at the thin film that the ito anode surface spin coating ZnO cleaned up through step 1 is thick to prepare about 30nm, heat 20 minutes at 160 DEG C.
(3) preparation of crystallinity cushion (the PCBOD cushion of highly crystalline): be dissolved in tetrahydrofuran solvent by PCBOD ultrasonic dissolution, through 60 degree of heated and stirred one nights in glove box, it is spin-coated on the ZnO electron transfer layer prepared by step (2), then dries two hours in glove box.
(4) preparation of active layer: spin coating P3HT:PC on PCBOD cushion61The o-dichlorobenzene solution of BM, dries and is then annealed 10 minutes at 150 degree in 2 hours.
(5) preparation of anode buffer layer: after above-mentioned steps, the PEDOT:PSS solution of spin coating isopropanol herein above.
(6) preparation of anode: after above-mentioned steps, is transferred in vacuum coater by device, is evacuated to 4 × 10-4Pa, is deposited with Ag electrode, controls its thickness respectively 100nm, obtain polymer solar battery.
Device performance is: standard analog sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW/cm2) under irradiation, open-circuit voltage=0.63V; Short circuit current=10.9mA/cm2; Fill factor, curve factor=65.1%; Energy conversion efficiency=4.47%.
Embodiment 8.
The present embodiment (structure is as shown in Figure 4) is to be introduced directly into PCBOD crystallinity cushion to replace cathode electronics transport layer induction P3HT/PC61BM active layer crystallization, is self-assembly of orderly pattern. It is embodied as step except different from (2) in embodiment 7, all identical with embodiment 7.
Device performance is: standard analog sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW/cm2) under irradiation, open-circuit voltage=0.61V; Short circuit current=9.3mA/cm2; Fill factor, curve factor=61.1%; Energy conversion efficiency=3.5%.
Claims (8)
1. the method utilizing the induction organic solar batteries active layer crystallization of interfacial crystallization cushion, it is characterized in that between the anode buffer layer and active layer of forward solaode, one layer of crystallinity cushion of spin coating, material used by crystallinity cushion is can the crystalline material of induced activity layer, it is possible to the lytic agent used by the crystalline material of induced activity layer differs from the solvent of lytic activity layer.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described can being polythiophene, poly-two thiophene benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalenes-dithieno diazosulfide, benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalene-bithiophene or gather two thiophene germanium-thiophene pyrrole alkanone by the crystalline material of induced activity layer.
3. the method utilizing the induction organic solar batteries active layer crystallization of interfacial crystallization cushion, it is characterized in that between the cathode buffer layer and active layer of reverse solaode, one layer of crystallinity cushion of spin coating, material used by crystallinity cushion is can the crystalline material of induced activity layer, it is possible to the lytic agent used by the crystalline material of induced activity layer differs from the solvent of lytic activity layer.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that described can the crystalline material of induced activity layer be [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butanoic acid oxetanes dendroid ester or [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butylbenzene vinyl dendroid ester.
5. the method utilizing the induction organic solar batteries active layer crystallization of interfacial crystallization cushion, it is characterized in that between the anode and active layer of forward solaode, one layer of crystallinity cushion of spin coating, material used by crystallinity cushion is can the crystalline material of induced activity layer, it is possible to the lytic agent used by the crystalline material of induced activity layer differs from the solvent of lytic activity layer.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that described can being polythiophene, poly-two thiophene benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalenes-dithieno diazosulfide, benzene 1,4-Dithiapentalene-bithiophene or gather two thiophene germanium-thiophene pyrrole alkanone by the crystalline material of induced activity layer.
7. the method utilizing the induction organic solar batteries active layer crystallization of interfacial crystallization cushion, it is characterized in that between the negative electrode and active layer of reverse solaode, one layer of crystallinity cushion of spin coating, material used by crystallinity cushion is can the crystalline material of induced activity layer, it is possible to the lytic agent used by the crystalline material of induced activity layer differs from the solvent of lytic activity layer.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that described can the crystalline material of induced activity layer be [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butanoic acid oxetanes dendroid ester or [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butylbenzene vinyl dendroid ester.
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Combination of Indene-C60 Bis-Adduct and Cross-Linked Fullerene Interlayer Leading to Highly Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells;Yen-Ju Cheng;<Journal of American Chemical Society>;20101119;第132卷(第49期);参见第17381-17383页 * |
Enhancing the photocurrent in poly(3-hexylthiophene)/[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction solar cells by using poly(3-hexylthiophene) as a buffer layer;Chin-Wei Liang;<Applied Physics Letters>;20091001;第95卷(第13期);参见第133303-1页至第133303-3页 * |
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