CN1032576A

CN1032576A - Clutch

Info

Publication number: CN1032576A
Application number: CN88107360A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鲁道夫·理查德·卡斯特恩
Original assignee: ROMOSTAR Corp NV
Current assignee: ROMOSTAR Corp NV
Priority date: 1987-10-22
Filing date: 1988-10-22
Publication date: 1989-04-26
Also published as: ZA887804B; AU2545088A; PT88833A; NZ226620A; IL88102A0; KR890701918A; WO1989003941A1

Abstract

A kind of stiff shaft comprises one first inner ring to clutch, and this inner ring has a hyperbolic surface of revolution around the clutch running shaft.One second outer ring and first inner ring form the annular space between an Internal and external cycle opposing side.A plurality of thrusts are transmitted roller and are placed annular space interior to drive two circles with its surface engaged at least a direction rotation, and the surface of revolution of each roller and first inner ring contacts along the line of hyperboloid bus or approximate bus.All rollers is with respect to the sagittal plane Dou that inclines.At least the joint between each roller end and at least one circle has a device to slide betwixt along first direction at least, and the while is supporting roller vertically.

Description

Clutch

This is that the application number of submitting on February 18th, 1987 is 016, the further part of the part of 458 U.S. Patent application, and the part further part of the application of application number 016,458 to be again the application number of having put case now submitted on January 22nd, 1986 be 821,453 patent application.

The present invention relates to overrunning clutch, relate in particular to the rigidity axial clutch that has improved.Such clutch is transmitting torque in one direction, then skids in the opposite direction.

Known have various types of overrunning clutchs, and this wherein well-known class clutch is to surmount or sprag clutch, and in it has and outer ring also has some cross-braces and remains on separately the position with retainer.This cross-brace has this shape, makes a circle can cause cross-brace and corresponding surface engaged when first direction rotates, and when rotating round about since cross-brace can not mesh this surface and make cltuch slipping in that this side up.

Approval relates to a kind of overrunning clutch for the U. S. Patent 3557921 of Takada, and it has inner ring and outer ring, has roller to play a part the unidirectional delivery torque between the inside and outside circle and oppositely skids simultaneously.But this clutch has a kind of defective, thus when clutch be in when engagement or when skidding roller the athletic meeting end portion that makes them and some engagements of clutch circle stop the motion of clutch, finally cause enclosing and actual deformation of rollers.This distortion finally influences the action of clutch on both direction.The U. S. Patent 1670157 and 1834843 of Hamphrey discloses a kind of similar clutch, and it has same defective.

The U. S. Patent 3866726 of Arenz relates to a kind of separable joiner, and it can be clutch or break, and it has a hollow member, and its chamber is limited by interior garden post jamb.One group of its axle with respect to the hub body becomes with rotatingshaft.Have a stand apparatus be used for axially with the dish engagement so that dish towards leaving the motion of engagement with inwall with the steel hub.The content of other patent disclosures relates to the transfer unit of torque, and it comprises the U. S. Patent 2 of U. S. Patent 2,407,060 Wolff of Croft, the U. S. Patent 2,401 of 601,012 Gerst, the U. S. Patent 1 of U. S. Patent 2,397,414 Erban of 864 Fast, 585,140, the U. S. Patent 1 of Taylor, 434,970, the U. S. Patent 575 of Rauhoff, 988, the U. S. Patent 3,773 of Breslauer.Neither one disclosed a kind of clutch in these patents, wherein the inner ring of clutch and outer ring have hyp, put between this face and roller is arranged to provide folk prescription to the clutch transmission, skid with rightabout, the clutch of axially supporting roller simultaneously and when the clutch duration of work needs, allowing to rotate, especially the state to skidding, I have invented a kind of clutch that can avoid this class defective.

Essence of the present invention provides a kind of improved clutch of hyperboloid type, it can mesh or separate, when engagement, it can be used for driving in a direction, when throwing off, skid or surmount, or it can be engaged or throw off and be used for when engagement in positive and negative direction driving in opposite direction.

Like this, stiff shaft of the present invention comprises first member to clutch, it has the turning surface around the running shaft of clutch, this face is or is approximate is hyperboloid, can draw two straight edge lines in this face fully by the arbitrfary point on this face, second member and first member be the common annular space that forms between the opposing side of member, one of them is this turning surface, many thrusts are transmitted roller and are arranged in the annular space, between face vis-a-vis, forming thrust transmission contact under the condition of clutches engaged like this, thereby making first or second member be driven rotation at least in one direction.Each roller contacts with the turning surface of first member along bus of this face or the line that is similar to bus.These rollers become similar heeling condition with respect to radial plane (plane that promptly includes central shaft).The present invention further is included in the device of joint, and the joint is at least one end of each described roller and be to slide between allowing there on the first direction between one of first or second member and at least at least, axially supports its roller simultaneously.That relatively do not forbidden by the motion between roller and part of sliding and freely, there is not the obstruction of frictional force, collision or this class.

So-called " rigidity " clutch, the meaning of rigidity is that clutch can not skid when transmitting torque.

So-called " axially " clutch, the axial meaning are that clutch is axially to mesh or throw off, and it is axially meshed with axial contact pressure.

Clutch of the present invention is to form like this as overrunning clutch: the face vis-a-vis of second member be turning surface it approach the hyperboloid of front narration around the running shaft of clutch, under the condition of clutches engaged, roller produces thrust transmission contact between the face vis-a-vis of member, these members with respect to clutch running shaft brightness show off Huan bare than the weary  8   of razor clam casket wander the peaceful an official document or note of sword  bitter edible plant convulsion ⒚ saddle cloth lift epiphysis tip person talk about deep blue I slightly show off Huan bare and blow a village, often used in village names threshold times  than the tip circle oriole of the uncommon portion of the salty loess hills ┠ of the razor clam dirty king crab legendary ruler of remote antiquity at the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches and know the legendary ruler of remote antiquity well to blow nurse rare than the salty loess hills ┠ of razor clam dirty

Clutch of the present invention, when when engagement by roller being placed in the groove that is formed on second member, can be used on both direction, driving, have maximum or least radius on the radial plane that point on each bar groove online (promptly being similar to the line of aforesaid imagination around the bi-curved bus of clutch running shaft) is done, in such plane, the groove of clutch is made such shape, this shape can provide curved surface that roller is stretched on each limit of every line, roller causes thrust transmission contact between the opposing side of member, when clutches engaged, these members are got together in one direction with respect to the rotatingshaft of clutch.

According to the present invention, the surface is that the hyperboloid of taper is at the diameter of an end of each member diameter greater than the other end of same member basically, in addition, according to clutch of the present invention, first and second members that comprise axial restraint, relatively rotating of member in one direction causes the thrust transmission engagement of roller between face vis-a-vis, this is to have increased because of the inclination with respect to the radial plane roller, when other direction relatively rotates, reduce to have thrown off this thrust transmission engagement because of the inclination of roller.

According to one embodiment of present invention, in the groove during every roller one of is contained in vis-a-vis the face, first and second members can relatively move axially to the second place from primary importance, roller only contacts with the surface of its corresponding groove when primary importance, do not have between two members to rotate and transmit, when the second place, roller and another vis-a-vis face engagement and pinned by the inclined-plane that groove provides, and enter thrust transmission engagement with vis-a-vis face.In addition, my invention comprises an embodiment, and one of them member is to be biased in first position, and provides one against biasing one member to be moved to the device of the second place, and cam gear can be used for one of these members are moved to the second place.Roller can be an elliptic cross-section.In addition, inner piece can move axially, and skids when making normally the direction that drives.

According to another embodiment, at roller be that the device of the joint between in first member or second member is a ring-shaped bearing piece of top loading at least, at the part place that each member contacts with hyperboloid than larger diameter end, ring-shaped bearing piece at least by one in these members support, these members are below roller.This ring-shaped bearing piece preferably can self-lubrication flexible compressible preform, with respect at least one rotation of sliding in the member, so freely supporting roller is with respect at least one rotation in the member like this.This ring part is preferably used " nilatelong " (NYLATRON) ring part of making of the material of the trade mark, and it has a face and contacts with the end of roller, with supporting roller with respect at least one rotation in the member." nilatelong " roughly is that the synthetic of a kind of nylon and molybdenum disulfide is to provide lubricated (NYLATRON).In some example, simple nylon is proved enough elasticity, compressibility and lubricity.

In one embodiment, the terminal arc that this roller is supported, circular supporting surface at roller is made into to make it be located in the inside with the corresponding to arc-shaped cavity of arc-shaped cavity shape with the end that holds roller, then by and the chamber between corresponding to the giving of size decide spatial relationship and maintain roller.This roughly be taper hyperboloid surface energy thrust transmission contact and between member transmitting torque, the inclination between the length, roller that the size of roller and quantity, roller are also depended in this transmission and the surperficial straight edge line.

Between part by torque transmitted total depend in dimension shape hyperbolic surface than the radius of small end and the radius of bigger end.

According to another embodiment, the device of the joint in the roller and first and second parts between at least one includes a pair of aspectant ring part, it by many rotating supporting members by spaced relationship support.This rotating supporting member can be spherical bearing ball, roller bearing spare or tapered roller bearing spare.

According to another embodiment, has a roller cage, it has the roller bearings of a lengthening, it contacts between the roller of a pair of vicinity and with adjacent rollers, to keep a setting that separates along the roller on the circumference and roller to distribute, one end of the extension element of each roller cage is linked on the device in the joint, this joint be in the roller and first and second members one of at least between, this extension element is to rotate with the identical speed of connection set like this.

According to also having another embodiment, the device of the joint in the roller and first and second members between at least one comprises the supporting member of a pair of annular, the rubber-like bearing device is contained in the there, like this when the engagement of first and second members and roller, thereby this elastic device becomes elastic compression has reduced the engaging force between first member and second member when clutches engaged change speed.This elastic supporting piece can be a plurality of circumferential springs or with the prefabricated ring part of elastic material that can compress.In addition, the supporting member of a pair of annular can adopt " nilatelong " (NYLATRON) material of the trade mark, and its elasticity can be different with the elastic device of centre, selectively changes elasticity and/or compressibility with the roller collision thus.

This annular support spare can limit a plurality of circumferentially extendings chamber, but the end that is shaped as rotating bearing ball in chamber, and can keep thus a setting consistent with the interval in chamber along the tiny stream a large bamboo or straw hat with a concial crown, broard brim and handle that raises between circumference roller and the roller stand up the shining  of kitchen again school  entreat also that king crab gathers around mu wink by the shining an ancient spear of the fair luxuriant mould of the chamber ⌒ spoon  gush forth scold of the tip

According to another embodiment, ring-shaped bearing piece defines a continuous annular chamber, and this chamber has and the corresponding to sectional shape of roller extremities shape, drops on the supporting roller that concerns in the chamber with rotor seat like this.

According to another embodiment, the annular roller cage is located between first or second member and the roller, this annular roller cage has a plurality of along the arc-shaped cavity that separates on the circumference, the shape in each chamber is used for supporting the surface portion of corresponding roller, with can keep thus a setting consistent with the interval in roller bearing chamber along the interval between circumference roller and roller.

The present invention also has the variation of the structure of first member and second member, i.e. circle.At least the part that defines a bi-curved circle includes many ring parts that are in the position of face-to-face meshing relation, and defines an actual hyperboloid with progressive size.For example, inner ring can be formed with into face-to-face relationship being fixed together of part of a plurality of packing ring samples, and the external diameter of this packing ring is considered to be progressive and forms hyperboloid, and is same, a plurality of " packing rings " have the internal diameter that gradually changes, and have just formed hyperboloid when they are assembled up.

In addition, at least one inner ring and an outer ring can include many ring parts, and they are on the position that separates relation face-to-face, have compressible elastic device between the contiguous ring part.The size of this ring part increases gradually, so just defines an actual hyperboloid.This elastic device has just reduced the rate of change of the transmission power between inner ring, outer ring and roller when transmitting torque.

According to another embodiment, at least one inner ring or outer ring can limit a hyperboloid that in fact has a corrugated cross section of setting, provide the cut-off clutch of setting to throw off when transmitting torque between inner ring and outer ring, and this roller are in predetermined level.

Now incite somebody to action bright example of the present invention for instance, the invention is not restricted to these examples, the description of the drawings is as follows,

Fig. 1 is the bi-curved schematic representation that has straight edge line;

Fig. 2 is a sectional drawing, shows the principle according to overrunning clutch structure of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the right elevation of clutch shown in Figure 2;

Fig. 4 is the vertical Ning section according to clutch configuration of the present invention, and this clutch is used for unidirectional drive when engagement; Upper and lower among the figure represents that correspondingly it is in engagement and disengaged condition;

Fig. 5 is a clutch sectional view shown in Figure 4, has shown roller simultaneously.

Fig. 6 is the right elevation of clutch shown in Figure 5.

Fig. 7 is the partial enlarged view of clutch shown in Figure 6, has shown an embodiment, and roller moves in corresponding groove in this embodiment, and this groove has the inclined-plane in the both sides of roller.

Fig. 8 is the inner ring of the clutch of structure according to the present invention and the side view of roller, has the slidably roller bearing ring of being supported by inner ring.

Fig. 9 is the part amplification sectional view of the clutch of the structure according to the present invention, and the outer ring is removed, and has shown that roller is placed on the inner ring, and roller then seat contacts on annular roller bearing ring slidably and with top annular ring.

Figure 10 is the sectional view that " 10-10 " line in Fig. 8 is done;

Figure 11 is the sectional view of a kind of variation of the present invention, and slidably annular therein ball supporting ring is supported by the outer ring;

Figure 12 is to use the phantom of variation of the clutch of second kind of variation roller and supporting ring tab sequencial;

Figure 13 is to use the phantom of the third variant roller and the variation of the clutch of supporting loop configuration;

Figure 14 is to use the phantom of the 4th kind of variation roller and the variation of the clutch of supporting loop configuration;

Figure 15 is the partial cross section figure of second kind of variation of clutch, and it has utilized the roller and the supporting ring structure of the 5th kind of variation in the top and bottom portion of roller.

Figure 16 is the fragmentary cross-sectional view that one of clutch changes form, and it has utilized the roller and the supporting ring structure of the 6th kind of variation at two of roller.

Figure 17 is the fragmentary cross-sectional view of the 4th kind of variation of clutch, has used the 7th kind of variation roller bearing ring structure;

Figure 18 is the top view of the part of roller bearing ring, and it has and is used for the arc-shaped cavity of supporting roller;

Figure 19 is the top view of the part of the variation that props up of the roller of type shown in Figure 180, has the annular slot supporting roller;

Figure 20 is the top view of second kind of variation of the roller bearing ring of type shown in Figure 180, has the groove of the circumferentially extending of supporting roller;

Figure 21 is the top view with roller bearing ring of eseparation ring type, and bearing ball is therebetween, and apical ring is removed among the figure:

Figure 22 is the top plane view of variation of the separation ring type roller bearing ring of Figure 21, has used long roller bearing in two middles of ring,

Figure 23 is the long-pending view in plane, top of another variation of the separation ring type roller bearing ring of Figure 21, has used tapered roller bearing between the two halves of ring;

Figure 24 is the perspective view of roller cage, and this retainer is used in the spacing that keeps between roller on the predetermined circumference;

Figure 25 is the cut-away section view of the roller cage of Figure 24, this retainer between the inner ring and outer ring of clutch, supporting roller;

Figure 26 is the fragmentary cross-sectional view that the 26-26 line along Figure 25 dissects;

Figure 27 is another embodiment's the view of the roller cage of type shown in Figure 24, but comprises a part or whole clutch roller bearing ring.

Figure 28 is the phantom of the roller cage of Figure 27, this retainer between the clutch circle and a part that constitutes the roller bearing ring be used for supporting the clutch roller;

Figure 29 is the phantom that dissects along line 29-29, has shown with roller cage to keep separating between roller and the roller;

Figure 30 is the perspective view of a kind of variation of clutch roller bearing retainer;

Figure 31 is the phantom of the roller cage of Figure 30, thereby this retainer is at the interval that keeps between clutch inner ring and the roller between roller and the roller;

Figure 32 is the view along the 32-32 line of Figure 31, has shown with the retainer maintenance roller of Figure 30 and the interval between the roller;

Figure 33 is that the roller cage of Figure 30 is used for keeping the spacing of roller and roller between the clutch circle along the sectional view of the line 33-33 work of Figure 32 of roller;

Figure 34 is the sectional view of the variation of bi-curved clutch inner ring, and this hyperboloid is made up of the ring of many annulars, and these rings have the predetermined size that increases gradually;

Figure 35 is the cross sectional view of second kind of variation of the hyperboloid clutch inner ring that shows of Figure 34, is seated between the ring of annular but have many elastomeric springs, and its size is used for producing hyperboloid;

The cross sectional view of the hyperboloid clutch circle that Figure 36 is made up of single workpiece, but have a kind of corrugated hyperboloid of correction, this face provide predetermined clutch to surmount to separate to throw off.

Now narrate with reference to the accompanying drawings, at first consult Fig. 1.This figure has illustrated a hyperboloid that is defined as ruled surface, by the arbitrfary point on this face, can make two as being designated as 10 and be called the straight line of bus among the figure, and this two bus can drop in this face fully.This hyperboloid is the turning surface around central axis 12, and this axis 12 is running shafts of the rigidity axial clutch that hereinafter will narrate.

Referring to Fig. 2 and 3.Clutch of the present invention comprise one first and inner piece 14(inner ring), it has the outer surface around the turning surface 16 of axis 12, this face forms bi-curved part as shown in Figure 1, is positioned at by the left side to the plane shown in the dot and dash line 17.This plane is included in perpendicular to the hyp least radius in the radial plane of axis 12.Clutch further comprise second and outer ring-like part 18(outer ring), the internal surface 20 of outer ring as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2.Can become the turning surface around axis 12, this face is similar to a bi-curved part that has defined according to Fig. 1.This hyperboloid has minimum radius r+d on the radial plane, wherein r is surface 16 radius in the plane, and d is the size of the radial clearance of the annulus 22 that forms between the face vis-a-vis 16 and 20 of internals and external member.A plurality of thrust driving components 26 are made into the cylinder needle-like roller that radius is R, place in the space 22, contact with surface 16 along the bus 10 of face 16, under the condition of clutches engaged, it has four or more roller 26 1, and an inclination with respect to the radial plane all is similar.

Each roller 26 contacts with surface 20 along a line, this line advances with respect to the bending of Roller Shaft helically, these some rollers 26 and the surface 20 spiral helicine curve approximations that contact are in bi-curved bus 10, and it levels off to bus when the radius R of roller dwindles simultaneously.

Referring to Fig. 2 and 3.When external member 18 rotates by the direction of arrow A with respect to internals 14, make roller with of the axis rotation of identical direction, therefore to the same direction motion of arrow A with A with respect to inner piece 14 around them.Because there is different radiuses at the two ends of each roller, and an end that has than long radius will move to such an extent that cause roller crooked a little more hurry up, thereby promptly increase roller the inclination on plane radially press together roller and will transmit rotation in the gap between the surface.When external member rotates with the direction of arrow B, roller will rotate with the direction of B equally, and motion has just reduced their tilt angle in the opposite direction, and deviate from from engagement.So as can be seen, on a relative sense of rotation, clutch transmits is rotated and is just produced the function of skidding when rotating in an opposite direction, which side to transmit rotate which side to skid by roller to right-hand or left tilting the putting of square neck decide.

Referring to Fig. 5 to 7, there roller 26 be placed at second or external member 18 on 34 li of grooves, has maximum radius R in the radial plane that point on every groove online (promptly being similar to the such line of defined bi-curved bus in the imaginary narration in the past of Fig. 1) is done, refer to the form of roller with 20 helical curves that contact of surface as the front, groove 34 has the radius of curvature R (see figure 7) in such plane, thereby for roller provides inclined-plane 36 it is stretched on each limit of they and external member 18 Line of contact with the right form of relative tilt.

Referring to Fig. 4.This is a schematic representation.Show a kind of structure of clutch of the present invention, wherein clutch is made and can be selected as requested to mesh or the structure of disengage from, thereby can promptly be adjusted and reach that a direction is skidded or both direction all skids.Clutch shown in Figure 4 make clutches engaged with mobile external member 18, and the effect of spring is to make throw-out-of clutch under the control of cam gear by the effect of contrary spring of the operation of cam gear X or cluster spring Y.What the bottom of Fig. 4 showed is the state of engagement, the direction of apparent rotation, and roller 26 causes thrust transmission contact between the right inclined-plane 36 in the external rotary surface 16 of inner piece 14 and corresponding inclined-plane, by suitable coupling, can transferring power on both direction.

After roller 26 engagements and the rotation, this internals 14 moves axially a clutch relative to each other with external member 18 and axially contacts in engagement, from this meaning, we can say that clutch is self-energy supply.Understand later on, this contact increases with the increase of torque.

Again referring to Fig. 4, surmounting of the disengagement of clutch or clutch as long as clearance C=0.02-0.1mm＞b is just passable, being used for meshing with holdback clutch required axial motion can do very for a short time, can change according to the value of different size gap, because of the value of setting here is the value of giving an example.

Engagement is actually instantaneous, and directly and in fact noiseless and be rigidity, promptly sliding produces.

Except the roller 26 of elliptic cross-section, also can use columniform roller.

Inner piece 14 is contained on the axle 40 as shown in the figure, and stretch these both sides at this part.Exterior part 18 drives another part 42 axially connecting with pattern chain, and for example this part can be toothed gear member.

Spring shackle 46 can be used for roller 26 loosely is contained in 34 li of grooves.

If desired, groove 34 can be formed on and replace externally 18 li of members in the internals.One suitable holding device or retaining ring 74 is used for keeping roller 26 in groove when clutch surmounts.

Hyperboloid clutch shown in Fig. 4 to 7 can be seen as has the two-way clamping handled with cam gear and the slip clutch of two-way disengage from device.

In the improvement structure of clutch, the surface 16 of inner piece also is similar to hyperboloid part shown in Figure 1, and this part is at the left of the radial plane shown in figure dot and dash line 17.In this case, the cylinder axis of each roller 26 is along the bi-curved bus 10 of the imagination of aforementioned defined Fig. 1, all rollers become similar inclination with respect to the radial plane of clutch, and roller 26 forms line with internals along a helical curve and contacts.

Now consult Fig. 8-10, these figure have represented a most preferred embodiment of clutch of the present invention, and wherein all around around some rollers 26, its outer ring is shed so that illustrate inner ring 14.We find: the operation of clutch obviously strengthens, the service life of clutch also correspondingly extends, this is the cause because of the sliding bearing circle 48 of the joint between the corresponding supporting element of all ends that are arranged on all rollers 26 and clutch, in this case, below annular support ring 14A forms the part of inner ring 14.Preferably selflubricating of bearing ring 48 is compared it with supporting ring 14A and should be adopted compression elastic material, so that make all rollers 26 have during skidding rotation freely and make clutches engaged and the ability of the supporting structure of unlikely interference or interlock clutch.

In addition, as the bearing ring making adopts slidably, high-abrasive material (for example a kind of harder composite, as the NYLATRON(nilatelong of selling by the Polymer Company of the inferior state Reading of the proper Buddhist nun of guest)), just provide slidably a kind of and wear-resisting circle, prevent that effectively harmful doing between all rollers and the clutch circle from twisting U shelf  and collapsing an official document or note and lift the ancient wine vessel a red-spotted lizard  that is greedy for food and just freely rotate with nilatelong circle 48 than the popular guarantor of flood dragon  fishnet king crab 6, can be owing to the existence of bearing ring 48 is disturbed.Therefore, when clutch rotated with engagement system, roller 26 at first meshed the nilatelong circle, caused some elastic compression to the end face of ring 14A, just turned back to their home position during transmission of torque.In some cases, roller may slide on the end face of nilatelong circle; Nilatelong is a kind of self lubricating material, and this slip is eaily.Yet, in order to implement the present invention, in fact needed is any supporting sliding device of the joint between all rollers 26 and the inner ring 14, perhaps, as can be seen from Figure 11, sometimes, required is outer ring 18, so that form all rollers with respect to support and slip effect one of in all at least clutch circles.

In most preferred embodiment, at place, the two ends of hyperbolic conical surface, promptly the smaller diameter end shown in Fig. 9,15 and 16 and than larger diameter end has the connection set of a nilatelong circle or equivalence.Like this, in whole not running time, all rollers trend towards " contact " to all circles.When clutches engaged, all rollers are the circle of the bigger end of compression at first a little, turns back to the home position then between on-stream period.During skidding, all rollers will slide on than the circle of larger diameter end smoothly.In addition, be loose fit as circle, this circle just rotates with all rollers; When circle has the recess of being close to roller (as described below), situation is so certainly just.When circle 48 was press fitted in the clutch circle, all rollers just slided on circle, and just need not recess this moment.In most of the cases, all rollers will contact the circle than the minor diameter place, be instantaneous elasticity compression contact area sometimes at least.Adopt two circles of elastic compression nilatelong material that the clutch operation is strengthened, make engagement and skid and smoothly also can keep long working time.

Now consult Figure 12, this is one embodiment of the present of invention.Another structure wherein is provided, has set up a device, all rollers can be slided with the joint between all rollers 26 and inner ring 14.Among Figure 12, assembled an end plug 50 on the bottom 26A of every roller 26, this plug is to make with the hard wear resistant self lubricating material as nilatelong.These end plugs preferably and the nilatelong ring 14A among Fig. 8-11 combine, encircle on 48 and also be provided with a plurality of circumferential pits, the cross section of each pit is consistent with the shape of cross section of the end of each roller.Through such arrangement, all rollers support and are seated in all pits, help the slip of all rollers with respect to clutch inner ring (among Figure 12) greatly, and meanwhile all rollers can easily rotate around their axis separately.Such clutch is unlikely the distortion of the roller that causes when excessive undesiredly engagement taking place and/or adopting other roller bearing clutch device with regard to very easily skidding.Similarly, before will killing between circle, can not produce abnormal resistance during clutches engaged to the roller motion yet.

Now consult Figure 13, here another embodiment who has represented the roller bearing connection set, wherein on every roller a ball bearing 52 is housed, this bearing is contained on the lower end of roller, way is that bearing ball is seated in the pit of roller (as shown in figure 13), or with the ball bearing bonding or block on roller and (do not draw among the figure).This ball 52 is seated in the circular arc pit on the supporting nilatelong ring (as shown in the figure), so that roller 26 slidably and rotate.

Now consult Figure 14, also represented another kind of structure setting here, wherein slidably endless loop is designed to two half-

turn

54A and 54B, and between injects one deck compression elastic material 56.These two half-

turn

54A and 54B are also best, but might not, make with the elastic compression material as nilatelong; This intermediate layer material provides the bigger compressibility and the elasticity of supporting roller.Because its circle distribution of last half-turn 54A upper edge of amalgamation circle the circular arc pit 58 that several are used for supporting all rollers, when clutches engaged intermediate layer material 56 beginning elastic compression and when having reduced thrust and transmitting the engaging force of the rate of change of power or " alleviating " clutch, roller can be slided and rotate well.In case arrived stable status, intermediate layer material 56 turns back to its reset condition again by the elasticity of himself.

Figure 15 has represented to be supported in the circle 48 on the circle ring 14A of inner ring 14, and it has many circular-arc pits along its circle distribution, and the shape of these pits just in time can make all rollers 26 be located wherein.

Figure 16 has represented another bearing ring 48, and wherein the roller bearing face of bearing ring is provided with a plurality of circle arcuation pits 58, and this supporting surface tilts, and making is enough to and all rollers 26 can be supported towards inner ring 14 aspects.

Figure 17 has represented a kind of a kind of plan of establishment that is similar to as shown in figure 14, and wherein the elastic compression material is replaced by circumferential many double helix spring 60.In addition, have many relative circular pits on below semi-ring 54B and the top semi-ring 54A, in order to support each helical spring 60.Can with proper device with one or arbitrarily an elastic component remain in position.

Now consult Figure 18-20, these accompanying drawings have been represented other nilatelong annular support rings, wherein with another kind of device keep roller and between the interval.Among Figure 18, circle 48 comprises the round pit of a plurality of circumferential circular arc cross sections, and these foregoing circular arc cross sections are consistent with the shape of cross section of each roller end, to support all rollers.

Pit 62 among Figure 19 is circumference pits, and Figure 20 embodiment then is a plurality of pits 63 that radially distribute.Obviously, among Figure 18 and 20 the embodiment, each other more accurately spaced apart of roller.

Figure 21-23 has represented a kind of amalgamation coil structures that has rotating supporting member between circle.In these accompanying drawings, the top half-turn sheds, and the bottom half-turn 54B from scheme visible Figure 21 has a plurality of rotating bearing balls 64, is a plurality of balls 66 among Figure 22, is a plurality of circular cone balls 68 among Figure 23.

Now consult Figure 24-29, these accompanying drawings have been represented other embodiments again, comprised several groups of roller cages 74, wherein have or be connected (as shown in figure 24) with suitable top circle, have or with a nilatelong endless loop 48 be connected (as shown in figure 27) slidably.In each structure, retainer 74 is made up of the microscler roller-roller bearings of the suitable construction of many supporting rollers, when all rollers rotate shown in the cross section among Figure 25-29, can support all rollers.In this case, all retainer supporting members 72 can be connected with a suitable circle in the suitable mode of pivoting, so that all rollers 26 are got their suitable separately directions with respect to the plane of containing central axis; But as a rule, the very little gap between all rollers and all retainer supporting members just is enough to supporting roller rightly.For example, when clutch is in slipping state, the angle of inclination of all rollers 26 than in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 2 said in front kill state the time the inclination angle of roller be little.Like this, retainer supporting element 72 must utilize and be connected in the mode of swaying with suitable circle spare and adapt to this skew.

Figure 30 has represented another roller cage 76, this is an endless loop 76, many arcs or fan-shaped part are arranged above, support the surface of a roller 26 in each arc or the fan-shaped part and can in a suitable angular range, make each root roller 26 get the oblique position at its suitable inclination angle.

34-36 with the aid of pictures again, these are other embodiments of the structure of expression clutch inner ring 14 of the present invention.Among Figure 34, inner ring 14 has a plurality of endless loop 78(part of only drawing), they are meshing with each other face-to-face.The size of inner ring gradually changes, total double curve that is rendered as.Like this, through selecting size continually varying circle 78, just can form an inner ring 14 easily.Any all circles all can be able to uses by the suitable device (not shown) that diagram maintains Face to face.

Among Figure 35, all circles are combined as a hyperboloid (or approximate hyperbola).In structural arrangement, the elastic component (a draw part) of multi-disc as ring segment spring 80 is inserted between the circle 78, and utilization is lowered the change speed of transmission power between Internal and external cycle effectively and gentle clutches engaged action is provided.

Represented a clutch inner ring 14 among Figure 36, its hyperboloid 82 changes to some extent.This surface 82 changes over waveform (or change sinusoidal), and this waveform provides predetermined overload condition and depended on the quantity of the point of contact between amended bi-curved sinusoidal curve all summits partly of all rollers and inner ring.Like this, after the quantity of the hyperboloid of accurately adjusting inner ring and the sinusoidal curve " summit " of accurately adjusting the surface, just accurate clutch " disengagement " power be can calculate and adjust, all roller disengagings and the contacted power of hyperboloid promptly are enough to make.

In addition, though do not draw, can utilize the outer ring of the technology composition clutch shown in Figure 34-36.For embodiment as shown in figure 36, can on outer ring (not shown) and inner ring as shown in figure 36, adopt the sinusoidal hyperboloid of revising.These " waveform " sinusoidal hyperboloids can combine accurate " overload " condition of setting up, and thus, all rollers 26 are skidded when a specific transmission of torque.

In front in the narration, be appreciated that all inner rings provide mobile required support than larger diameter end with respect to all circles, this is most important.So, imagination can be press fitted into annular support circle 48 wherein in the inner ring, and condition is that a roller bearing face of annular support circle is selflubricating or lubricated good.In addition, we find: the nilatelong by nylon and molybdenum disulfide combination is a kind of optimal material as annular ring 48.In some cases, the circle of making of nylon also shows enough elasticity, compressibility and lubricity.Therefore, such circle also can singly be made with nylon.The material that can adopt also has bearing bronze, polyethylene, polypropylene, so that comprise the nilatelong (for effectively lubricating) of nylon and special teflon.

Chat face to face in the past and state and can understand easily: the ad hoc structure of clutch of the present invention enable to utilize this principle transmitting torque of taking hyperboloid and roller and roller can not take place abnormally bite or cut inner peripheral surface bad. Especially, exactly because between roller and each support inner ring, be provided with one rationally and unique intermediate junction device, overcome the major obstacle of this principle of practical application, the result who brings is that not only efficient and low profile has realized the transmission of torque, and can adjust selectively such as torque overload skid condition, transmission of torque speed, clutch shape and size, life of clutch, clutch engagement and other many important parameters.

Claims

1, a rigidity axial clutch, it is characterized in that comprising one first member, this member has a turning surface around the clutch running shaft (surface of revolution), and this face is a hyperboloid basically, by bi-curved every bit, can draw two two straight line buses that are positioned at this face fully. one second component; It and first member form the annular space between the member opposite face; ，ΥィＣニ┒ΦС。

2, clutch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the surface is generally the circular cone hyperboloid, this surface bigger than the diameter in the other end of same member at the diameter of an end of each member.

3, clutch as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that first and second members are fixing vertically, by increasing the inclination of roller for the radial plane, make described two members cause that along relatively rotating of a direction roller produces thrust transmission engagement between the apparent surface, by reducing the inclination of roller, make along relatively rotating of other direction to stop thrust transmission engagement.

4, clutch as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that every roller is arranged in a groove on one of described apparent surface.

5, clutch as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that described first and second members move axially relatively from the primary importance to the second place, in described primary importance, roller only contacts their surface and nothing rotation transmission between member of residing groove separately, in the described second place, roller meshes other facing surfaces and is meshed to doing the thrust transmission with the apparent surface by cam driven by the inclined-plane that groove provided.

6, clutch as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that a described member is biased to primary importance, and has a device that the contrary biasing of one of described member is moved into the second place.

7, clutch as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that the cam gear that is provided is moved into the second place with one of described member.

8, clutch as claimed in claim 7, the cross section that it is characterized in that described roller is oval-shaped.

9, clutch as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that described internals is removable vertically.

10, clutch as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described in described roller and described first and second members device of the middle joint between at least one be a ring-shaped bearing piece, with corresponding to the contacted part of the hyperboloid than larger diameter end of each member described supporting member install and be bearing in the described member that is arranged under the described roller at least one.

11, clutch as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that described ring-shaped bearing piece makes with self lubricating material, therefore can be with respect to rotating slidably one of at least in the described member, thus free end bearing is with respect to rotating roller one of at least in the described member.

12, clutch as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that described annular construction member is the ring part that usefulness nilatelong (NYLATRON) board material is made, it have one with the surface of the end of described roller engagement so that supporting is with respect to rotating roller one of at least in the described member.

13, clutch as claimed in claim 12, the supporting base end portion that it is characterized in that described roller is a circular arc, the shaped design of described annular construction member must have a plurality of correspondingly configured circular arc pits (chamber) on described roller bearing surface, so that the end that holds described roller is to be the relation of being located wherein, thus, according to and described pit (chamber) between the corresponding to predetermined space distribution of size relation maintain described roller.

14, clutch as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that described circular cone hyperboloid substantially can contact in the thrust transmission, so that transmitting torque between described member, and the inclination angle between the straight line bus on the quantity of neglecting described roller greatly of its thrust transmission contact and diameter, the length of described roller, described roller and described surface and deciding.

15, clutch as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that the described torque of transmitting between the described member depends on the bi-curved radius of described inner circular cone of the bi-curved radius of described inner circular cone of smaller end and big end.

16, clutch as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that torque transmitted depends on the bi-curved radius of described outer conical of smaller end and the bi-curved radius of described outer conical of big end between the described member.

17, clutch as claimed in claim 2, the described device that it is characterized in that being located at described roller and the described first and second members middle joint between one of at least is made up of a pair of aspectant annular construction member, and these members are supported with certain spatial relationship by a plurality of rotatable bearing members.

18, clutch as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that described rotating bearing member is the spherical bearing ball.

19, clutch as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that described rotating bearing member is a roller bearing spare.

20, clutch as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that described roller bearing spare is coniform roller bearing spare.

21, clutch as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that also comprising a roller cage, it has the Rollers supports of length between every pair of adjacent rollers, described supporting element contact with adjacent roller with keep one predetermined along circumference roller and roller between spaced apart.

22, clutch as claimed in claim 21, each the long member that it is characterized in that described roller cage the one end be located at described roller and described first and second members in the described device of joint between one of at least be connected, like this, described long member with described in the middle of the identical speed of connection set rotate.

23, clutch as claimed in claim 2, the described device of the joint between one of it is characterized in that being located in described roller and described first and second members at least comprises a pair of annular support spare, described supporting member has the resilient supporting unit between a pair of supporting member, when described first and second members and the engagement of described roller, described elastic device becomes elastic compression, has reduced the change speed of the engaging force between described first and second members when clutches engaged thus.

24, clutch as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that described resilient supporting unit is a plurality of springs along circumferentially-spaced.

25, clutch as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that described resilient supporting unit is the annular construction member that a usefulness ssible elastomeric material is made.

26, clutch as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that described ring-shaped bearing piece has formed a plurality of pits (chamber) that radially stretch, the shape of these pits (chamber) can support the end of described roller and can keep one and corresponding to predetermined roller and roller spaced apart along circumference of the distribution of described all pits thus.

27, clutch as claimed in claim 11, the end that it is characterized in that every roller is a circular arc.

28, clutch as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that described ring-shaped bearing piece has formed a continuous circular pit (chamber), the shape of cross section of this pit (chamber) is consistent with the shape of the end of described roller, thus with described roller bearing on seating position.

29, clutch as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that also comprising one one of in described first and second members and the annular roller cage between the described roller, described annular roller cage has a plurality of circular arc pits (chamber) along circumferentially-spaced, the shape of each pit (chamber) can support the surface portion of corresponding roller and can keep thus one with corresponding to predetermined roller and roller spaced apart along circumference in the distribution interval of described all roller bearing pits (chamber).

30, clutch as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the part that one of forms in described at least first and second members of a hyperboloid comprises a plurality of ring parts that are in face-to-face meshing relation, these ring parts gradually increased in size to form basically a hyperboloid.

31, clutch as claimed in claim 2, the part that one of it is characterized in that forming in described at least first and second members of a hyperboloid comprises a plurality of ring-shaped articles that are in face-to-face relation, one compressible elastic device is arranged between adjacent ring-shaped article, the size of described all ring parts increases by wash rice, thereby formed described hyperboloid basically, when transmitting torque between described first and second member, described elastic device has reduced the change speed of the power transmitted between described first and second members and described roller.

32, clutch as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that forming one of at least a hyperboloid basically with cross section of a predetermined wave-like in described first and second members, with when being that predetermined cut-off clutch disengagement is provided on a predeterminated level time in torque transmitted between described first and second members and the described roller.

33, a kind of rigidity axial clutch, it is characterized in that comprising one first member, it has a surface around the pivot axis of clutch, described surface is a hyperbolic surface basically, all can draw two straight edge lines and fall within fully on this surface by this bi-curved each point, one second member, it and the annulus of first member formation one between the surface of relative member, one of them facing surfaces is described surface of revolution, transmit roller with many thrusts, they place described annular space so that mesh with facing surfaces, between the apparent surface, to form thrust transmission contact, thereby described first or second member is rotated along at least one direction, every roller contacts the surface of revolution of described first member then along the straight line of the bus on a described surface or approximate this bus, all rollers tilts with respect to the radial plane similarly, one installs adjacently with the end of described all rollers and the ring part of the rotation of sliding, supporting the component that the opposing of all rollers is transmitted between described apparent surface, and haply along the length extending of described all rollers.

34, a kind of rigidity axial clutch, it is characterized in that comprising one first member, it has a surface around the pivot axis of clutch, described surface is a hyperbolic surface basically, all can draw two straight edge lines and fall within fully on this surface by this bi-curved each point, one second member separate with described first member vertically and and first member form a annulus between the surface of relative member, one of them facing surfaces is described surface of revolution, transmit roller with many thrusts, they place described annular space so that mesh with facing surfaces, between the apparent surface, to form thrust transmission contact, thereby described first or second member is rotated along at least one direction, every roller contacts the surface of revolution of described first member then along the straight line of the bus on a described surface or approximate this bus, all rollers all tilt with respect to the radial plane that contains spin axis similarly, at least one member moves axially with respect to described other members, thereby be used for moving at least one member so that the space of strengthening between the member does not have the device that rotation is transmitted between described member, one installs adjacently with the end of described all rollers and the ring part of the rotation of sliding, supporting the component that the opposing of all rollers is transmitted between described apparent surface, and haply along the length extending of described all rollers.

35, a kind of rigidity axial clutch, it is characterized in that comprising an inner ring, it has a surface around central axis rotation, described surface is a hyperboloid basically, each point by this hyperbolic surface all can be drawn two straight edge lines and dropped on fully on this surface, one outer ring, it and described inner ring form a annulus between the apparent surfaces of two circles, the outer ring has one to be the interior surface of revolution of a hyperboloid basically, transmit roller with many thrusts, they place described annular space so that be meshed with hyperbolic surface, between the apparent surface, to form thrust transmission contact, thereby described inner ring and outer ring are rotated along at least one direction, every roller contacts the surface of revolution of described inner ring basically along the straight line of the bus on a described surface or approximate this bus, described all rollers are all similarly with respect to the plane inclination that contains described central axis, the device of the joint between one of being contained in described all rollers and the described Internal and external cycle at least is used for betwixt at least sliding simultaneously along the axially support roller of all rollers along a first direction.