CN103255451B - Preparation method of thick high-speed nickel coating by brush plating - Google Patents
Preparation method of thick high-speed nickel coating by brush plating Download PDFInfo
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- CN103255451B CN103255451B CN201310113504.XA CN201310113504A CN103255451B CN 103255451 B CN103255451 B CN 103255451B CN 201310113504 A CN201310113504 A CN 201310113504A CN 103255451 B CN103255451 B CN 103255451B
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a thick high-speed nickel coating by brush plating. The method includes: first, weighing pure nickel and pure copper according to a weight ratio, conducting heating smelting in a vacuum arc furnace to obtain an Ni-Cu alloy, and making it into different shapes according to a profile imitation principle; and second, according to a brush plating process of high-speed nickel, carrying out electric purification, activation, plating of a special nickel or alkaline copper base layer, and plating of a high-speed nickel working layer. Specifically, the steps of electric purification, activation, and plating of a special nickel or alkaline copper base layer adopt an insoluble graphite anode, and the plating of the high-speed nickel coating employs a soluble Ni-Cu alloy anode. According to the invention, trace amounts (or bits) of Cu with good plasticity is dissolved in the high-speed nickel coating, so that the tensile stress formed by a single Ni coating is effectively eased, and the high-speed nickel coating can be plated to thickness of over 0.30mm at one time. Meanwhile, the trace amounts (or bits) of Cu has little influence on the original hardness and wear resistance of the high-speed nickel coating. Dissolution of the soluble Ni-Cu alloy anode can supplement Ni consumed in a plating solution so as to enhance the plating speed.
Description
technical field:
The invention belongs to metal material surface coating technology field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of Brush Plating Fast Nickel thickness coating.
background technology:
Quick nickel bath is most widely used plating solution in technique of brush plating, be characterized in that sedimentation velocity is fast, adopting that insoluble fine graphite anode is per hour under high normality condition can deposit thickness 0.40-0.50 millimeter, iron, aluminium, copper and stainless steel all there is good bonding force, and there is good wear resistance, be mainly used to recover accessory size and use as wearing layer.But the fatal defects of Fast Nickel coating is when thickness exceedes certain value, and because internal stress is excessive, coating there will be obvious crackle.The measurement result of X-ray diffractometer to Fast Nickel coating internal stress shows, when thickness of coating is less than 0.015 millimeter, and the effect of coating compression chord; When thickness of coating is between 0.05-0.20 millimeter, increase with thickness of coating, tensile stress increases gradually; After being greater than 0.20 millimeter, there is obvious crackle in coating, and increases further with thickness of coating, and cracking breakout and crack width increase sharply, particularly in the plane plating time be easy to cause coating peeling and peel off, seriously constrain Fast Nickel coating and repairing the application on the larger part of dimension discrepancy.
In order to address this problem, namely Brush Plating plating Fast Nickel thickness coating is realized, people attempt by the temperature of improving plating solution in advance to change the character of coating internal stress, but find the carrying out along with plating, plating solution temperature rise is too fast and cause plating solution to evaporate seriously, and coating is coarse, empty plating phenomenon highly significant; In addition have to adopt before thickness of coating reaches critical size, carry out " sandwich of layers " plating, i.e. other coating of the stress character that plating one deck is very thin, but owing to there is the sudden change between tensile stress and stress in coating, inter-laminar stress difference is comparatively large, for alleviation coating stress limited use.Update search result shows, not yet has the effective ways solving this problem of Brush Plating Fast Nickel thickness coating at present.
summary of the invention:
In sum, the object of the invention is the problem that there is crackle for Brush Plating Fast Nickel thickness coating and peel off, and a kind of preparation method of Brush Plating Fast Nickel thickness coating is provided, specifically, do not changing on original quick nickel bath composition basis, the Ni-Cu alloy of design certain ingredients scope, as anode material, substitutes and originally utilized insoluble graphite anode to carry out the processing method of Brush Plating Fast Nickel coating.Adopt this solubility Ni-Cu alloy as anode material plating Fast Nickel, it is advantageous that in Fast Nickel coating, to dissolve in the Cu that micro-(lacking) measure, because Cu has good plasticity, effectively can alleviate the tensile stress that single Ni coating is formed, make Fast Nickel coating can thick at least 0.30 millimeter of disposable plating.Simultaneously micro-(lack) Cu of measuring affects very micro-on the original hardness of Fast Nickel coating and wear resistance; The dissolving of solubility Ni-Cu alloy anode also can supplement the consumption of Ni in plating solution, and plating rate is promoted further.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
The preparation method of Brush Plating Fast Nickel thickness coating, comprises the following steps:
The first step, take pure nickel and fine copper, pure nickel, fine copper are by weight percentage: Ni 85-98%, Cu 2-15%;
Second step, pure nickel and fine copper are placed in vacuum arc fumace and add hot smelting, for ensureing that Ni-Cu alloying constituent is even, melt back 3-4 time;
3rd step, carry out imitative type design according to plating work pieces antianode shape, pour into different shapes or cylindrical or crescent is plate or square stripe shape by Ni-Cu alloy solution;
4th step, according to the technical process of Brush Plating Fast Nickel: liquid honing → polishing → washes of absolute alcohol → electricity is clean → activate → plate special nickel or alkali copper prime coat → plating Fast Nickel working lining plating, use tap water between every procedure; Wherein electricity clean-activate-plate special nickel or alkali copper prime coat still uses insoluble graphite anode, Fast Nickel coating layer adopts Ni-Cu alloy anode.
Described step (1) pure nickel, fine copper refer to, carry out pure nickel nickel content >=99.9% of melting use, fine copper copper content >=99.9%.Too much impurity element may be caused to participate in deposition lower than this content and disadvantageous effect is caused to coating.
Described step (2) vacuum arc fumace reaches 10 in vacuum tightness
0-10
-1smelt in electric arc furnace under Pa condition.In case oxidizing reaction occurs for oxygen remaining in vacuum oven in smelting process and Cu, change the composition of Ni-Cu alloy anode.
The technical process of described step (4), electricity is clean-activate-plate special nickel or alkali copper prime coat still uses insoluble graphite anode to refer to, if use soluble anode, owing to just connecing when electricity is clean, Ni-Cu alloy anode dissolves and the clean liquid of electricity may be caused to pollute or in workpiece surface generation depositional phenomenon; Due to reversal connection during activation, workpiece surface oxide film can be deposited on Ni-Cu alloy anode surface and affect the composition of anode after dissolving; Owing to just connecing when plating special nickel or alkali copper prime coat, the dissolving of Ni-Cu alloy anode can participate in deposition, and affects the bonding properties of special nickel or alkali copper prime coat and base material excellence, Fast Nickel coating layer employing Ni-Cu alloy anode.
positively effect of the present invention is:
1, Fast Nickel thickness coating plating of the present invention is owing to adopting solubility Ni-Cu alloy anode, the Cu that micro-(lacking) measure is dissolved in Fast Nickel coating, because Cu has good plasticity, effectively can alleviate the tensile stress that single Ni coating is formed, make Fast Nickel coating can disposable plating thick in more than 0.30 millimeter, can not be greater than the restriction of 0.20 millimeter by the disposable plated thickness of insoluble graphite anode, the problem that Fast Nickel thickness coating tiny crack easily occurs so that comes off can be solved.
2, the dissolving of solubility Ni-Cu alloy anode of the present invention to a certain degree can supplement the consumption of Ni in plating solution, and in the plating solution that is conducive to slowing down, the speed of Ni ion scarcity, makes plating rate be promoted further.
3, to compare electroconductibility with insoluble graphite anode more excellent for solubility Ni-Cu alloy anode of the present invention, and anode heating temp decreases, and slow down plating solution temperature rise and moisture evaporation speed.
embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
embodiment 1:
40Cr steel transmission shafts neck position coordinating size is φ 50
± 0.02mm, length is 100mm, and due to processing error, finished size is 49.40mm, needs at its surface electrical Nickel Brush Plating coating, the thick 0.35mm of monolateral plating.
The preparation method of embodiment 1 is:
The first step, take pure nickel, fine copper by weight, the weight percent of pure nickel, fine copper is: Ni 95%, Cu 5%;
Second step, Ni 95%, Cu 5% be placed in vacuum arc fumace add hot smelting, for ensureing that Ni-Cu alloying constituent is even, melt back 3-4 time;
3rd step, Ni-Cu alloy solution poured into crescent or planar anode that arc diameter is φ 50-60mm, parcel absorbent cotton and terylene jacket stand-by;
4th step, plating is carried out to workpiece, according to the technical process of Brush Plating Fast Nickel: liquid honing → polishing → washes of absolute alcohol → electricity is clean → and No. 2 activation solutions activation → No. 3 activation solutions activate → plate special nickel prime coat → plating Fast Nickel working lining, use tap water between every procedure; Wherein electricity clean-activate-plate special nickel prime coat to use insoluble graphite anode, conveniently processing parameter carries out pre-treatment and prime coat plating.
Fast Nickel coating layer adopts Ni-Cu alloy anode, and processing parameter is: voltage 15V, anode and workpiece speed of relative movement 0.18m/s, and the disposable axle journal spot size that is plating to reaches φ 50
+ 0.10mm ~ φ 50
+ 0.15mm, with sand papering polishing or fine grinding to requiring tolerance dimension.
embodiment 2:
45 steel shaft end bearing tolerances are of a size of φ 100
± 0.02mm, length is 80mm, because abrasion size is 100.80mm, needs at its surface electrical Nickel Brush Plating coating, the thick 0.45mm of monolateral plating.
The preparation method of embodiment 2 is:
The first step, take pure nickel, fine copper by weight, the weight percent of pure nickel, fine copper is: Ni 90%, Cu 10%.
Second step, Ni 90%, Cu 10% be placed in vacuum arc fumace add hot smelting, for ensureing that Ni-Cu alloying constituent is even, melt back 3-4 time;
3rd step, Ni-Cu alloy solution is poured into φ 25 cylinder shape anode, parcel absorbent cotton and terylene jacket stand-by;
4th step, plating is carried out to workpiece, according to the technical process of Brush Plating Fast Nickel: liquid honing → polishing → washes of absolute alcohol → electricity is clean → and No. 2 activation solutions activation → No. 3 activation solutions activate → plate special nickel prime coat → plating Fast Nickel working lining, use tap water between every procedure; Wherein electricity clean-activate-plate special nickel prime coat to use insoluble graphite anode, conveniently processing parameter carries out pre-treatment and prime coat plating;
Fast Nickel coating layer adopts Ni-Cu alloy anode, and processing parameter is: voltage 12-14V, anode and workpiece speed of relative movement 0.25m/s, and the disposable size that is plating to reaches φ 99.80-99.90mm, and fine grinding is to requiring tolerance dimension.
embodiment 3:
Need, in its surface electrical Nickel Brush Plating coating reparation, to plate thick 0.30mm after cast iron surface wearing and tearing.
The preparation method of embodiment 3 is:
The first step, take pure nickel, fine copper by weight, the weight percent of pure nickel, fine copper is: Ni 85%, Cu 15%;
Second step, Ni 85%, Cu 15% be placed in vacuum arc fumace add hot smelting, for ensureing that Ni-Cu alloying constituent is even, melt back 3-4 time;
3rd step, Ni-Cu alloy solution poured into the cylindrical or planar anode of diameter phi 30mm, parcel absorbent cotton and terylene jacket stand-by;
4th step, plating is carried out to workpiece, according to the technical process of Brush Plating Fast Nickel: liquid honing → polishing → washes of absolute alcohol → electricity is clean → and No. 2 activation solutions activation → No. 3 activation solutions activate → plate alkali copper prime coat → plating Fast Nickel working lining, with tap water between every procedure, wherein electricity clean-activate-plate special nickel prime coat to use insoluble graphite anode, conveniently processing parameter carries out pre-treatment and prime coat plating.
Fast Nickel coating layer adopts Ni-Cu alloy anode, and processing parameter is: voltage 12V, anode and workpiece speed of relative movement 0.20-0.30m/s, the thick 0.35mm of disposable plating, with sand papering polishing or refine to requiring size.
Claims (4)
1. a preparation method for Brush Plating Fast Nickel thickness coating, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
The first step, take pure nickel and fine copper, pure nickel, fine copper are by weight percentage: Ni 85-98%, Cu 2-15%;
Second step, be placed in vacuum arc fumace and add hot smelting, for ensureing that Ni-Cu alloying constituent is even, melt back 3-4 time;
3rd step, carry out imitative type design according to plating work pieces antianode shape, pour into cylindrical or crescent or plate by Ni-Cu alloy solution;
4th step, according to the technical process of Brush Plating Fast Nickel: liquid honing → polishing → washes of absolute alcohol → electricity is clean → activate → plate special nickel or alkali copper prime coat → plating Fast Nickel working lining plating, use tap water between every procedure; Wherein electricity clean-activate-plate special nickel or alkali copper prime coat still uses insoluble graphite anode, Fast Nickel coating layer adopts Ni-Cu alloy anode.
2. the preparation method of Brush Plating Fast Nickel thickness coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (1) pure nickel, fine copper refer to, carry out pure nickel nickel content >=99.9% of melting use, fine copper copper content >=99.9%.
3. the preparation method of Brush Plating Fast Nickel thickness coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (2) vacuum arc fumace reaches 10 in vacuum tightness
0-10
-1smelt in electric arc furnace under Pa condition.
4. the preparation method of Brush Plating Fast Nickel thickness coating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the technical process of described step (4), electricity is clean-activate-plate special nickel or alkali copper prime coat still uses insoluble graphite anode to refer to, if use soluble anode, owing to just connecing when electricity is clean, Ni-Cu alloy anode dissolves and the clean liquid of electricity may be caused to pollute or in workpiece surface generation depositional phenomenon; Due to reversal connection during activation, workpiece surface oxide film can be deposited on Ni-Cu alloy anode surface and affect the composition of anode after dissolving; Owing to just connecing when plating special nickel or alkali copper prime coat, the dissolving of Ni-Cu alloy anode can participate in deposition, and affects the bonding properties of special nickel or alkali copper prime coat and base material excellence, Fast Nickel coating layer employing Ni-Cu alloy anode.
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| CN104651890A (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2015-05-27 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Preparation method of low-cost high-corrosion-resistance Monel metal coating |
| CN108118373B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-12-03 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | The electro-deposition restorative procedure of crystallizer copper dash-board injury nickel cobalt coating |
| CN108060441B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-12-03 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | The preparation method of copper annular element inner wall nickel cobalt coating |
Citations (2)
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| CN1061810A (en) * | 1991-10-19 | 1992-06-10 | 江汉石油管理局运输公司大修厂 | High-deposition nickel brush-plating solution |
| CN101122038A (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2008-02-13 | 福州大学 | Electro chemical machining nano Ni-Fe alloy coat and its electroplate liquid, preparation method and use |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8257572B2 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2012-09-04 | Tenaris Connections Limited | Method for electrochemical plating and marking of metals |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1061810A (en) * | 1991-10-19 | 1992-06-10 | 江汉石油管理局运输公司大修厂 | High-deposition nickel brush-plating solution |
| CN101122038A (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2008-02-13 | 福州大学 | Electro chemical machining nano Ni-Fe alloy coat and its electroplate liquid, preparation method and use |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
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| Morphological and microstructural properties of two一phase Ni一Cu films electrodeposited at different electrolyte temperatures;Umut Sarac et al.;《Journal of alloy and compounds》;20121224;第552卷;第195-201页 * |
| TL电刷镀Ni-Cu-P非晶态合金工艺研究;张天顺等;《表面技术》;20011231;第30卷(第6期);第10-12页 * |
| 冲击载荷作用下刷镀涂层的疲劳行为分析;吴卓等;《甘肃工业大学学报》;20010630;第27卷(第2期);第41-44页 * |
| 可溶性阳极刷镀Ni-Fe合金工艺的研究;张玉峰;《电镀与环保》;20060930;第26卷(第5期);第13-15页 * |
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