CN103253082A - Drive axle and engineering machine - Google Patents
Drive axle and engineering machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN103253082A CN103253082A CN2013100436088A CN201310043608A CN103253082A CN 103253082 A CN103253082 A CN 103253082A CN 2013100436088 A CN2013100436088 A CN 2013100436088A CN 201310043608 A CN201310043608 A CN 201310043608A CN 103253082 A CN103253082 A CN 103253082A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a drive axle comprising an axle tube, a hub, an axle shaft and a hub reduction gear. The axle shaft is mounted in the axle tube. The hub is mounted on the axle tube. The hub reduction gear comprises a sun gear, a planet gear, a planet carrier, a fixed gear ring, a sliding sleeve, and a driving device. The sun gear is movably sleeved on the axle shaft and normally meshed with the sun gear. The planet gear also normally meshes with the fixed gear ring which is fixed on the axle tube. The planet carrier is fixed on the hub. A rotary shaft of the planet gear is connected with the planet carrier. The sliding sleeve is connected with the axle shaft through splines. When in a first mode, the sliding sleeve meshes with the sun gear; and when in a second mode, the sliding sleeve meshes with the planet carrier. The driving device drives the sliding sleeve to switch between the first mode and the second mode. The invention further discloses an engineering machine comprising the drive axle. The drive axle and the engineering machine have the advantage that the engineering machine is adapted to different roads and fuel economy of the engineering machine is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering machinery field, particularly a kind of drive axle and construction machinery and equipment.
Background technology
At present, drive axle generally all has only a kind of wheel reduction gear of reduction ratio.Change big, very complicated goods carrying vehicle and the engineering truck of usage condition for load and condition of road surface etc., select a kind of deceleration recently to make automobile fully loaded or have enough dynamic property during by bad road surface extremely, and on straight and good road surface, have the higher speed of a motor vehicle and satisfied fuel efficiency during deadhead operation, be very difficult.
At present, wheel reduction gear mainly contains two kinds of patterns by gear and layout pattern thereof, first planetary gear type hub reduction, and it two is common cylinder gear type hub reductions.The wheel reduction gear of these two kinds of patterns all has only a kind of hub reduction ratio, though compare with single reduction final drive increased the ground Clearance, the axial load of bearing is reduced, can also make full-sized car under the situation that demultiplicator is not set, increase the transmitting ratio of transmission system, improved traction property.But a kind of hub reduction is unfavorable for improving fuel efficiency and the tractive performance of automobile than having limited the comformability of automobile to different road surfaces.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of drive axle and construction machinery and equipment, to solve construction machinery and equipment at the comformability on different road surfaces, improves the fuel efficiency problem of construction machinery and equipment.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of drive axle, comprise axle tube, wheel hub, semiaxis, wheel reduction gear, semiaxis is installed in the axle tube, and wheel hub is installed on the axle tube; Side reducer comprises sun wheel, satellite gear, pinion carrier, fixed gear ring, engagement cover, actuating device, sun wheel is set on the semiaxis versatilely, sun wheel and satellite gear often mesh, satellite gear often meshes with fixed gear ring simultaneously, fixed gear ring is fixed on the axle tube, and pinion carrier is fixed on the wheel hub, and the S. A. of satellite gear is connected with pinion carrier, the engagement cover is connected with semiaxis by spline, and the engagement cover comprises first state and second state; When the engagement cover is in first state, engagement cover and sun wheel engagement; When the engagement cover is in second state, engagement cover and pinion carrier engagement; Actuating device driving engagement is enclosed within first state and second state switches.
Further, also comprise end cap, actuating device comprises shift fork and declutch shift shaft, declutch shift shaft is installed on the end cap, shift fork is installed on engagement and puts in the fork slot of setting, and promotion engagement cover moves axially along semiaxis, and shift fork is provided with the transmission internal thread hole, declutch shift shaft is provided with the transmission outside thread, and transmission internal thread hole and transmission outside thread constitute the worm drive pair.
Further, also comprise the end cap that is connected with pinion carrier, actuating device is included in the cylinder body that arranges in the end cap, is positioned at the piston of cylinder body, and piston is connected with the engagement cover.
Further, actuating device also comprises retracing spring and baffle ring, and baffle ring is installed on the end cap, and retracing spring one end is resisted against on the piston, and the other end is resisted against on the baffle ring.
Further, actuating device also comprises first distributing ring, second distributing ring, tracheae, and first distributing ring is installed on the wheel hub, and second distributing ring is installed on the axle tube, and first distributing ring and second distributing ring cooperatively interact, and is provided with the pore that communicates mutually; Tracheae one end connects cylinder body, and the other end connects the pore of first distributing ring.
Further, be provided with the O RunddichtringO between first distributing ring and second distributing ring.
Further, actuating device comprises first distribution oil ring, second distribution oil ring, oil pipe, and first distribution oil ring is installed on the wheel hub, and second distribution oil ring is installed on the axle tube, and first distribution oil ring and second distribution oil ring cooperatively interact, and is provided with the oilhole that communicates mutually; Oil pipe one end connects cylinder body, and the other end connects the oilhole of first distribution oil ring.
Further, be provided with the O RunddichtringO between first distribution oil ring and second distribution oil ring.
Further, be connected by antifriction-bearing box between sun wheel and the semiaxis sliding block joint, wheel hub and axle tube.
A kind of construction machinery and equipment also is provided on the other hand, has comprised above-mentioned drive axle.
Drive axle provided by the invention and construction machinery and equipment beneficial effect are: solve traditional hub reduction mechanism and have only a kind of hub reduction ratio, can not select the problem of appropriate speed ratio according to road surface situation and condition of loading.It is axially mobile to drive the engagement cover by shift fork (or cylinder), and the engagement cover is meshed with different part by spline pair, forms two kinds of hub reduction ratios; Two kinds of each gears of reduction ratio and change-speed box match and can obtain 2 times to the gear of change-speed box.On the other hand, two kinds of hub reductions have improved the comformability of construction machinery and equipment to various usage conditions than corresponding different respectively road surface and load state, have improved the fuel efficiency of construction machinery and equipment.
Description of drawings
The accompanying drawing that constitutes a part of the present invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used for explaining the present invention, do not constitute improper restriction of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is first view of first embodiment of the invention drive axle;
Fig. 2 is second view of the drive axle of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is first view of second embodiment of the invention drive axle;
Fig. 4 is second view of the drive axle of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the sun wheel structural representation of Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the engagement nested structure scheme drawing of Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is the engagement nested structure scheme drawing of Fig. 3.
The specific embodiment
Need to prove that under the situation of not conflicting, embodiment and the feature among the embodiment among the present invention can make up mutually.Describe the present invention below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of drive axle comprises axle tube 8, wheel hub 9, semiaxis 4, wheel reduction gear, and semiaxis 4 is installed in the axle tube 8, and wheel hub 9 is installed on the axle tube 8 by antifriction-bearing box.Wheel reduction gear comprises sun wheel 2, satellite gear 1, pinion carrier 7(wheel reduction gear housing), fixed gear ring 16, engagement cover 3A, actuating device.Sun wheel 2 and semiaxis 4 sliding block joints, the gear teeth 20(of sun wheel 2 is shown in Figure 5) often mesh with the gear teeth of satellite gear 1, the gear teeth of satellite gear 1 and fixed gear ring 16 often mesh, and fixed gear ring 16 is fixed on the axle tube 8, and pinion carrier 7 is connected with wheel hub 9 with the S. A. of satellite gear 1.The first female splines 33(of engagement cover 3A is shown in Figure 6) often mesh with the male splines of semiaxis 4, under the effect of actuating device, can move along the axis of semiaxis 4.Semiaxis 4 is provided with the shaft shoulder, is used for the axial location of sun wheel 2.The axial string momentum of semiaxis 4 is adjusted by the top of the thrust on the end cap.
Actuating device comprises shift fork 5 and declutch shift shaft 6, and engagement cover 3A also is provided with annular fork slot 31(as shown in Figure 6), shift fork 5 can slide in annular fork slot 31, also can promote engagement cover 3A and realize moving axially.Shift fork 5 is provided with the transmission negative thread, and declutch shift shaft 6 is provided with outside thread, and shift fork 5 constitutes the worm drive pair with declutch shift shaft 6.Declutch shift shaft 6 one ends are provided with interior hexagonal, available inner-hexagon spanner turn; Declutch shift shaft 6 is installed on the end cap 12, and declutch shift shaft 6 is provided with the jump ring groove, is used for being furnished with circlip, realizes the axial limiting of declutch shift shaft 6; During namely by interior hexagonal turn declutch shift shaft 6, declutch shift shaft 6 axially can not move with respect to end cap 12; Declutch shift shaft 6 is provided with O shape circle, O shape is enclosed the sealing that realizes wheel reduction gear in the groove that is installed in end cap 12.By rotation declutch shift shaft 6, drive shift fork 5 and move axially, switch at first state and second state thereby drive engagement cover 3A.
As shown in Figure 1, when engagement cover 3A was in first state, the male splines 21(of sun wheel 2 was as shown in Figure 5) with the second female splines 32(of engagement cover 3A as shown in Figure 6) realize engagement.The power of semiaxis 4 passes to engagement cover 3A by male splines, and engagement cover 3A is by the second female splines 32(as shown in Figure 6) pass to sun wheel 2, the power of sun wheel 2 passes to pinion carrier 7 by satellite gear 1, and the transmission of power of pinion carrier 7 is given wheel hub 9.When engagement cover 3A is in first state, reduction ratio=(number of teeth of fixed gear ring 16 is divided by the number of teeth of sun wheel 2)+1.
As shown in Figure 2, when engagement cover 3A was in second state, the male splines 30(of engagement cover 3A was as shown in Figure 6) realize engagement with the female splines of pinion carrier 7.First female splines 33 of engagement cover 3A is delivered to engagement cover 3A with the male splines engagement of semiaxis 4, the power of semiaxis 4 by male splines, and engagement cover 3A is by male splines 30(as shown in Figure 6) be delivered to pinion carrier 7, the transmission of power of pinion carrier 7 is given wheel hub 9.The rotating speed of semiaxis 4 is identical with the rotating speed of wheel hub 9.Reduction ratio is 1.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the second embodiment of the present invention and Fig. 1 and different being of described first embodiment of Fig. 2, actuating device is different with the structure of engagement cover, and actuating device comprises first distributing ring (rotating ring) 13, second distributing ring (fixed ring) 14, tracheae 15, cylinder.First distributing ring 13 is connected or captive joint with wheel hub 9 interference, preferably detachable connection, as modes such as bolt or screw are fixing, first distributing ring 13 is with wheel hub 9 rotations, second distributing ring 14 is sleeved on the axle tube 8 and maintains static, tracheae 15 1 ends are connected with the cylinder body 12 of cylinder by joint, the other end links to each other by the pore of joint with first distributing ring 13, the pore of the pore of first distributing ring 13 and second distributing ring 14 communicates, and the pore of second distributing ring 14 communicates with the gas circuit of construction machinery and equipment.O RunddichtringO 150 between first distributing ring 13 and second distributing ring 14 is realized the rotary seal of valve mechanism.
The piston 35(that cylinder is included in the cylinder bodies that arrange in the end cap 12, be positioned at cylinder body is as shown in Figure 7), retracing spring 11, baffle ring 10, end cap 12 is connected with pinion carrier 7, baffle ring 10 is installed on the end cap 12, piston 35(is as shown in Figure 7) be wholely set with engagement cover 3B, also can the split setting, the splined end that is about to engagement cover 3B and piston end separate design, make up realization two parts are relative by axial back-up ring and rotate again.Piston 35(is as shown in Figure 7) be positioned at cylinder body, retracing spring 11 1 ends are resisted against piston 35(as shown in Figure 7) on, the other end is resisted against on the baffle ring 10.As shown in Figure 3, pressurized air overcomes the application force of retracing spring 11, promote piston 35(as shown in Figure 7) move to right, engagement cover 3B is in first state, the male splines 21(of sun wheel 2 is as shown in Figure 5) with the second female splines 36(of engagement cover 3B as shown in Figure 7) realize engagement.As shown in Figure 4, under the situation of the interior no air pressure of cylinder body 12 cavitys, piston moves to left under the effect of retracing spring 11, engagement cover 3B is in second state, at this moment, the male splines 34(of engagement cover 3B is as shown in Figure 7) realize engagement with the female splines of pinion carrier 7, need to prove, cylinder is single-acting cylinder (only providing power from a direction) in the such scheme, be to adopt retracing spring 11 to realize second state of engagement cover 3B, if adopt double-acting cylinder (can provide power from both direction), can cancel spring 11 and baffle ring 10, only with cylinder and can realize moving axially of engagement cover, namely switch between first state and second state, overlap 3B employing split setting with piston 35 and engagement this moment, the centre can connect by piston rod, realize that by axial back-up ring combination two parts rotate relatively again, guarantee that piston 35 and engagement cover 3B both can relatively rotate, and can transmit axial thrust and pulling force again.
In like manner, can also adopt oil pressure promote piston realize gearshift, to realize different wheel limit speed ratios, same, in such scheme, change cylinder into oil cylinder, tracheae changes oil pipe into, gas-tpe fitting changes oil connector into.Rotary valve train changes the rotation oil distribution mechanism into, and first distributing ring 13 and second distributing ring 14 all change first distribution oil ring and second distribution oil ring into.
No matter wheel reduction gear first embodiment of the present invention, still second embodiment can both realize double speed than adjustable, by two kinds of speed ratios of axial clutch realization wheel reduction gear of engagement cover 3A or 3B; Engagement cover 3A or 3B engage with sun wheel 2 and realize high reduction ratio transmission, and engagement cover 3A or 3B engage with pinion carrier 7 and realize low reduction ratio (speed ratio is 1) transmission.The present invention also provides a kind of construction machinery and equipment, and construction machinery and equipment comprises above-mentioned drive axle, because drive axle has two kinds of reduction ratios, has improved the comformability of construction machinery and equipment to various usage conditions, has improved the fuel efficiency of construction machinery and equipment.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a drive axle comprises axle tube (8), wheel hub (9), semiaxis (4), wheel reduction gear, and semiaxis (4) is installed in the axle tube (8), and wheel hub (9) is installed on the axle tube (8); It is characterized in that, wheel reduction gear comprises sun wheel (2), satellite gear (1), pinion carrier (7), fixed gear ring (16), engagement cover (3A, 3B), actuating device, sun wheel (2) is set on the semiaxis (4) versatilely, sun wheel (2) and the normal engagement of satellite gear (1), satellite gear (1) meshes with fixed gear ring (16) is normal simultaneously, fixed gear ring (16) is fixed on the axle tube (8), pinion carrier (7) is fixed on the wheel hub (9), the S. A. of satellite gear (1) is connected with pinion carrier (7), engagement cover (3A, 3B) be connected engagement cover (3A with semiaxis (4) by spline, 3B) comprise first state and second state; Overlap (3A, 3B) when being in first state when engagement, mesh cover (3A, 3B) and sun wheel (2) engagement; Overlap (3A, 3B) when being in second state when engagement, mesh cover (3A, 3B) and pinion carrier (7) engagement; Actuating device drives engagement cover (3A, 3B) and switches at first state and second state.
2. drive axle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise end cap (12), actuating device comprises shift fork (5) and declutch shift shaft (6), declutch shift shaft (6) is installed on the end cap (12), shift fork (5) is installed on engagement cover (3A) and goes up in the fork slot that arranges, promote engagement cover (3A) moving axially along semiaxis (4), shift fork (5) is provided with the transmission internal thread hole, declutch shift shaft (6) is provided with the transmission outside thread, and transmission internal thread hole and transmission outside thread constitute the worm drive pair.
3. drive axle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the end cap (12) that is connected with pinion carrier (7), actuating device is included in the cylinder body that arranges in the end cap (12), be positioned at the piston (35) of cylinder body, piston (35) is connected with engagement cover (3B).
4. drive axle according to claim 3, it is characterized in that actuating device also comprises retracing spring (11) and baffle ring (10), baffle ring (10) is installed on the end cap (12), retracing spring (11) one ends are resisted against on the piston (35), and the other end is resisted against on the baffle ring (10).
5. according to claim 3 or 4 described drive axles, it is characterized in that, actuating device also comprises first distributing ring (13), second distributing ring (14), tracheae (15), first distributing ring (13) is installed on the wheel hub (9), second distributing ring (14) is installed on the axle tube (8), first distributing ring (13) cooperatively interacts with second distributing ring (14), and is provided with the pore that communicates mutually; Tracheae (15) one ends connect cylinder body, and the other end connects the pore of first distributing ring (13).
6. drive axle according to claim 5 is characterized in that, is provided with O RunddichtringO (150) between first distributing ring (13) and second distributing ring (14).
7. according to claim 3 or 4 described drive axles, it is characterized in that, actuating device comprises first distribution oil ring, second distribution oil ring, oil pipe, first distribution oil ring is installed on the wheel hub (9), second distribution oil ring is installed on the axle tube (8), first distribution oil ring and second distribution oil ring cooperatively interact, and are provided with the oilhole that communicates mutually; Oil pipe one end connects cylinder body, and the other end connects the oilhole of first distribution oil ring.
8. drive axle according to claim 7 is characterized in that, is provided with the O RunddichtringO between first distribution oil ring and second distribution oil ring.
9. according to any described drive axle of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, be connected by antifriction-bearing box between sun wheel (2) and semiaxis (4) sliding block joint, wheel hub (9) and axle tube (8).
10. a construction machinery and equipment is characterized in that, comprises as any described drive axle of claim 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013100436088A CN103253082A (en) | 2013-02-04 | 2013-02-04 | Drive axle and engineering machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013100436088A CN103253082A (en) | 2013-02-04 | 2013-02-04 | Drive axle and engineering machine |
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| CN103253082A true CN103253082A (en) | 2013-08-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013100436088A Pending CN103253082A (en) | 2013-02-04 | 2013-02-04 | Drive axle and engineering machine |
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| CN (1) | CN103253082A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104385911A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-04 | 南京创捷和信汽车零部件有限公司 | Front steering drive axle for large tractor |
| CN108327462A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-07-27 | 北京汽车研究总院有限公司 | A kind of drive axle wheel edge structure, preceding bridge system and vehicle |
| CN108357301A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-08-03 | 重庆卡福汽车制动转向系统有限公司 | Snap ring-type front driving axle housing assy |
| CN108970528A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-11 | 江苏永道科技有限公司 | A kind of premixing machine |
| CN109591515A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-04-09 | 福建省晋江市东石肖下连盛机械配件厂（普通合伙） | A kind of wheel hub clutch and its working method |
| CN110481242A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-11-22 | 山东福安达重汽零部件制造有限公司 | A kind of hub assembly and single-stage drive axle being switched fast driving |
| CN112431869A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-03-02 | 泉州市力普机械科技有限公司 | Wheel edge pneumatic separation device and control method thereof |
| CN112963519A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-15 | 重庆隆鑫机车有限公司 | Drive axle, drive shaft machining method and drive axle assembling method |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104385911A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-04 | 南京创捷和信汽车零部件有限公司 | Front steering drive axle for large tractor |
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| CN108327462A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-07-27 | 北京汽车研究总院有限公司 | A kind of drive axle wheel edge structure, preceding bridge system and vehicle |
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| CN108357301A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-08-03 | 重庆卡福汽车制动转向系统有限公司 | Snap ring-type front driving axle housing assy |
| CN108357301B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2023-10-10 | 重庆卡福汽车制动转向系统有限公司 | Clamping ring type front driving axle housing assembly |
| CN108970528A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-11 | 江苏永道科技有限公司 | A kind of premixing machine |
| CN109591515A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-04-09 | 福建省晋江市东石肖下连盛机械配件厂（普通合伙） | A kind of wheel hub clutch and its working method |
| CN109591515B (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2024-04-26 | 福建省晋江市东石肖下连盛机械配件厂（普通合伙） | Hub clutch mechanism and working method thereof |
| CN110481242A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-11-22 | 山东福安达重汽零部件制造有限公司 | A kind of hub assembly and single-stage drive axle being switched fast driving |
| CN112431869A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-03-02 | 泉州市力普机械科技有限公司 | Wheel edge pneumatic separation device and control method thereof |
| CN112963519A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-15 | 重庆隆鑫机车有限公司 | Drive axle, drive shaft machining method and drive axle assembling method |
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Application publication date: 20130821 |