High-efficiency multi-output DC/DC converter and control method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of High-efficiency multi-output DC/DC converter be applicable in server power system, belong to the category of power electronic conversion.
Background technology
After striding into 21 century, people have come into the society of a brand-new information transmission, exchange and instruction, and work, life style and amusement are among huge change, and communication becomes person to person and associates indispensable means.The variation of communication is towards future development that is quick, true to nature, saving resource, and as hardware environment, PC and server will become the basic facilities of communication network indispensability.Networking and modularization, the standardization increasingly of computer realm product tendency, and with modular construction composition distributed power supply system.
Server power supply can be divided into ATX power supply and SSI power supply two kinds according to standard.ATX standard uses comparatively general, is mainly used in desktop computer, work station and low-end server, use at present more general ATX power standard be ATX12V2.0,2.2,2.3 version power supplys, output voltage mainly contains+12V ,+5V ,+3.3V ,-12V ,+5VSB.Server power supply mainly contains power factor correction circuit from being input to load output, the straight translation circuit in front end and point of load translation circuit.In these three grades of converters, because the straight translation circuit in front end is input as high voltage-small current, export as low-voltage, high-current, so it is the main consideration part of raising the efficiency.
In order to raise the efficiency, consider high voltage-small current input, low-voltage, high-current exports, and the topology of the front end straight convertor of proposition mainly contains Properties of Active Clamp Forward Converters, asymmetrical half-bridge conversion, phase-shifted full-bridge converter and LLC resonant converter.G. A. Karvelis, M. D. Manolarou, P. Malatestas, S. N. Manias. " Analysis and design of non-dissipative active clamp for forward converters [J] ". IEE Proc. Electr. Power Appl. 2001,148 (5): 419-424 have carried out detailed analysis and design with regard to Properties of Active Clamp Forward Converters, and verify with experiment.It is open-minded that Properties of Active Clamp Forward Converters can realize no-voltage, but the voltage stress of switching tube is higher than input voltage, constrains the selection of device to a great extent, switch tube voltage stress can be reduced in other topologys, be applicable to the selection of device, In-Ho Cho, Kyu-Min Cho, Jong-Woo Kim, Gun-Woo Moon. " A New Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converter With Maximum Duty Operation for Server Power System [J] ". IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2011, 26 (12): 3491-3500 improve tradition phase-shifting full-bridge topology, make converter can be operated in the desired duty cycle of 0.5 under normal work and stall condition, remain the characteristic that phase-shifting full-bridge no-voltage is opened simultaneously, thus reduce former limit conduction loss and improve transducer effciency, and verified by design 1kW model machine.But phase-shifted full-bridge converter is hard switching when underloading, and efficiency is lower, be difficult to the condition meeting 20% load that 80PLUS gold medal standard proposes.
Compared to other topologys, LLC resonant converter structure is simple, and the no-voltage that can realize switching tube at full-load range opens the zero-current switching with secondary rectifier diode.But LLC resonant converter is the more difficult design of magnetic element when variable frequency control, rectifier diode stress can be made when fixed-frequency control to increase, can circulation be produced simultaneously.
How to improve the efficiency of front end straight convertor further, power density etc., become the difficult point of server power supply design and researchp.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the conversion efficiency exported to load to improve server power supply mesohigh DC bus-bar voltage, thus improve overall efficiency.On the basis of ATX12V power supply, in conjunction with the advantage of LLC resonant converter, isolated form straight convertor, propose and be a kind ofly applicable to high efficiency multiple-channel output DC converter in server power system and control method thereof, simultaneously by selecting optimum low-voltage direct busbar voltage, the efficiency of converter is got a promotion, to realize the raising of server power supply overall efficiency.
The invention provides a kind of high efficiency multiple-channel output DC converter be applicable in server power system.
The object of the invention is by following scheme implementation:
A kind of High-efficiency multi-output DC/DC converter, it comprises LLC resonant converter (1), isolated form straight convertor (2) and control circuit (8), it is characterized in that: described LLC resonant converter (1) input and described isolated form straight convertor (2) input string are associated in input dc power source circuit, LLC resonant converter (1) output is multichannel Qie You mono-tunnel and described straight convertor (2) output-parallel, wherein LLC resonant converter (1) is by derided capacitors (3-1), inverter bridge (4), LLC resonant network (5), multiple-channel output transformer (6), many groups secondary rectifying and wave-filtering network (7) is formed by connecting in turn, control circuit (8) input is connected with described isolated form straight convertor (2) output, and output is connected with described isolated form straight convertor (2) former limit switch tube driving circuit with the inverter bridge (3) in LLC resonant converter (1).
Described isolated form straight convertor (2) is connected in sequence by former limit switching tube circuit, transformer, secondary rectifying and wave-filtering network, electric capacity and resistance.
Described LLC resonant converter (1) input and described isolated form straight convertor (2) input and are connected in input dc power source circuit respectively by derided capacitors (3-1) and derided capacitors (3-2).
The inverter bridge (4) of described LLC resonant converter (1) adopts full-bridge inverting bridge or semi-bridge inversion bridge.
The multiple-channel output transformer (6) of described LLC resonant converter (1) adopts two-way to export or more than two-way exports.
The secondary rectifying and wave-filtering network (7) of described LLC resonant converter (1) is connected with filter capacitor in turn for rectifier bridge, and rectifier system adopts full-wave rectification, halfwave rectifier or bridge rectifier.
The secondary of described LLC resonant converter (1) adopts synchronous rectification.
Described isolated form straight convertor (2) is the straight convertor of band isolating transformer.
The input voltage of LLC resonant converter
v in1
account for input DC power
v in percentage be 85% ~ 95%.
Described LLC resonant converter (1) occupies most power (85% ~ 95%).Output voltage is made by the closed-loop control of isolated form straight convertor
v on voltage stabilizing, is then determined by multiple-channel output transformer (6) turn ratio relation of LLC resonant converter (1)
v in1
and each road exports, the turn ratio of design LLC resonant converter multiple-channel output transformer (6) is to make
equal 85% ~ 95%, to realize power division.
Described LLC resonant converter (1) determines frequency operate in open loop state, the closed-loop control of described isolated form straight convertor (2), exports voltage stabilizing.
the present invention's technical characteristics is compared with prior art:
By the input series and output parallel of LLC resonant converter and isolated form straight convertor, LLC resonant converter occupies most power (85% ~ 95%) simultaneously; The output voltage of LLC resonant converter is transferred to isolated form straight convertor to control, operates in best efficiency point all the time to realize LLC resonant converter, efficiency height controls simple; Other roads export and adopt turn ratio relation to determine roughly, need not accurately control, by selecting optimum busbar voltage, when described multiple-channel output straight convertor efficiency change is little, improve the efficiency of successive load point transformation device, to realize the lifting of overall efficiency.Be applicable to server power system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structure chart of the present invention in server power system;
Accompanying drawing 2 is multiple-channel output straight convertor structured flowcharts of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is Simplified analysis figure of a kind of multiple-channel output straight convertor topology of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 4 is Simplified analysis figure that a kind of multiple-channel output straight convertor topology two-way of the present invention exports;
Accompanying drawing 5 is main circuit topologies of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 6 is the invention process example two-way output circuit topologys;
Accompanying drawing 7 is the invention process example No. three output circuit topologys;
Accompanying drawing 8 is a kind of drive circuit schematic diagrames of the present invention;
Primary symbols title in above-mentioned accompanying drawing:
v in -input DC power;
v in1
,
v in2
the input voltage of-LLC resonant converter, isolated form straight convertor input voltage;
c in1
~
c in2
-input derided capacitors;
l r -former limit resonant inductance;
c r -former limit resonant inductance;
l m -former limit magnetizing inductance;
i lr -former limit resonance current;
i lm -former limit exciting current;
i in -former limit transformer imput current;
n p ,
n s1
~ N sn the number of turn of-transformer primary side and secondary;
q 1~
q 4-switching tube;
d 1~
d 4-parasitic diode;
c 1~
c 4-parasitic capacitance;
sR 1~
sR n ;
v o1
,
v o2
,
v on -output voltage,
i o1
,
i o2
,
i on ,
i 1,
i 2-output current,
v pulse for the pulse signal that digital circuit generates,
v drive for the drive singal that drive circuit produces.
Embodiment
embodiment one:
The attached structured flowchart that Figure 2 shows that a kind of High-efficiency multi-output DC/DC converter tool, it comprises LLC resonant converter, isolated form straight convertor and control circuit.
First, combined circuit (accompanying drawing 3) illustrates the theoretical foundation of circuit topology in the present invention: LLC is as DCX topology, and isolated form straight convertor is as DC-DC topology; LLC resonant converter is the ratio of their input power with the ratio of isolated form straight convertor voltage, is also the ratio of their power output, as the formula (1); Each road of LLC resonant converter exports and is directly proportional to the turn ratio, as the formula (2);
Then when
v on after adjusting surely by isolated form straight convertor, other roads of LLC resonant converter export also to be determined with turn ratio relation; The efficiency that can reach due to LLC resonant converter is high, then make
v in1
much larger than
v in2
, the efficiency of whole converter can be allowed to be approximately equal to the efficiency of LLC resonant converter.
Output voltage is made by the closed-loop control of isolated form straight convertor
v on voltage stabilizing, is then determined by the multiple-channel output transformer turns ratio relation of LLC resonant converter
v in1
and each road exports, by designing the turn ratio of LLC resonant converter multiple-channel output transformer to make
equal 85% ~ 95%, to realize power division.
Carry out making a concrete analysis of (accompanying drawing 4) for two-way output, following equation can be obtained;
Input power:
|
(3) |
LLC resonant converter input voltage:
|
(4) |
Isolated form straight convertor input voltage:
|
(5) |
V o 2Output current:
|
(6) |
Total input current:
|
(7) |
The ratio of two converter voltage:
|
(8) |
The ratio of power output:
|
(9) |
Meet when converter normally works
.
When
v o1
time unloaded, then
, converter can normally work.
When
p o2
reduce, make
time, electric current
i 1will reverse flow.
When
v o2
time unloaded, if consider server power supply, now whole power supply will cut off; If consider converter work, now isolated form straight convertor will be thoroughly
v o1
power is provided.
If consider electric current inverse problem, need a road in parallel with isolated form straight convertor to LLC resonant converter to adopt zero passage detection, and LLC resonant converter secondary adopt synchronous rectification and the employing of synchronous rectification employing primary current.When electric current is reverse, then the order of opening of secondary synchronous rectifier is changed, simultaneously by detect primary current with ensure synchronous rectifier open order can with primary current same-phase, effectively for other roads provide power.
Control circuit (8) is divided into signal processor and drive circuit, and wherein signal processor can be the digital control circuit such as MC9S12XS series monolithic, TMS320X281x series DSP, also can be realized by other analog circuits and digital circuit.Drive circuit adopts the circuit topology amplifying drive singal, isolate.Accompanying drawing 8 is a kind of Amplification and insulation circuit, and wherein buffer circuit adopts HCPL3120 chip to realize the isolation of each drive singal, and amplifying circuit adopts the totem-pote circuit of triode composition.
as accompanying drawing 5, circuit specific works process is as follows:
Starting up, the inversion full-bridge being controlled LLC resonant converter by control circuit (8) is open-minded, and duty ratio gets 0.1, and brachium pontis is to pipe Simultaneous Switching, the switching frequency of inversion full-bridge switch pipe is reduced near resonance frequency by several times of resonance frequencys, and then operate in open loop state is near resonance frequency.
Start isolated form straight convertor by control circuit (8), the inversion full-bridge duty ratio of LLC resonant converter is opened to gradually close to full duty ratio simultaneously.
Output voltage is made by the closed-loop control of isolated form straight convertor
v on voltage stabilizing, is then determined by the multiple-channel output transformer turns ratio relation of LLC resonant converter
v in1
and each road exports, by designing the turn ratio of LLC resonant converter multiple-channel output transformer to make
equal 85% ~ 95%, to realize power division.
If consider electric current inverse problem.A road in parallel with isolated form straight convertor in LLC resonant converter adopts zero passage detection, and zero passage detection is that just synchronous rectifier exists
i in open-minded during >0
sR 2n(n is positive integer) etc.,
i in open-minded during <0
sR 2n-1(n is positive integer) etc.
If converter occurs
i 1inversion condition, then zero passage detection starts, and it is constant that other road synchronous rectifiers open order, opens sequentially contrary, namely with the synchronous rectifier of isolated form straight convertor parallel branch
i in open-minded during >0
sR 2n-1(n is positive integer),
i in open-minded during <0
sR 2n(n is positive integer).
embodiment two:
Accompanying drawing 6 is an a kind of embodiment of high efficiency straight convertor, and wherein LLC resonant converter adopts two-way to export.
Be wherein 12V with a road voltage of straight convertor (2) output-parallel, another road voltage designs according to actual needs.LLC resonant converter accounts for 90% power, and isolated form straight convertor accounts for 10% power.Its working condition and example one similar, when converter normally works, power the overwhelming majority is exported by LLC resonant converter, efficiency is higher; LLC resonant converter operate in open loop state, at best efficiency point, exports voltage stabilizing and transfers to isolated form straight convertor to realize, and controls simple; Under described transducer effciency changes little prerequisite, choose rear class busbar voltage (i.e. another road voltage), the efficiency of successive load point transformation device is improved, to improve overall efficiency (about 2%).
embodiment three:
Accompanying drawing 7 is another embodiment of a kind of high efficiency straight convertor, and wherein LLC resonant converter adopts three tunnels to export.
Be wherein input voltage with a road of straight convertor (2) output-parallel be 12V, another two road voltages design according to actual needs.LLC resonant converter accounts for 90% power, and isolated form straight convertor accounts for 10% power.Its working condition and example one similar, some change is chosen just in rear class busbar voltage, rear class busbar voltage is divided into two-way (Ji Ling bis-road voltage), to adapt to the input voltage of the best efficiency point of successive load point transformation device, to improve overall efficiency (about 2%) further.