CN103244302B - Big-block engine including cylinder lubrication device and the method for lubricating its cylinder - Google Patents

Abstract

Present invention offer includes the big-block engine of cylinder lubrication device and the method for lubricating its cylinder.The big-block engine includes cylinder sleeve, the piston being arranged in shifting in the cylinder sleeve, drive shaft, and for the driving to be pivotally connected to the connecting element of the piston, the big-block engine also includes being used to the cylinder and/or the piston and/or the device of the connecting element are lubricated or cooled down by means of fluid media (medium), and including the first connecting pipeline for the fluid media (medium) to be delivered to place to use from reservoir.First connecting pipeline extends through the connecting element at least in part, wherein, the fluid media (medium) in first connecting pipeline is pressurized substantially under pressure P1, it is provided with the second connecting pipeline, second connecting pipeline receives the fluid media (medium) being pressurized under pressure P2, and in a normal operation mode, the pressure P2 is higher than the maximum pressure P1.

Description

Big-block engine including cylinder lubrication device and the method for lubricating its cylinder

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of big-block engine including cylinder lubrication device, and further relate to a kind of for lubricating large-scale The method of the running surface of the cylinder wall of the cylinder of engine.

Background technology

Big-block engine is internal-combustion reciprocating-pisto, and the internal combustion engine is used for especially as low speed operation large-scale diesel engine Such as shipbuilding.Big-block engine is commonly used as drive train peculiar to vessel or is additionally operable to such as Fixed Point Operation to drive for producing electric energy High-rating generator.In this respect, engine is generally run for quite a long time with continuous operation mode, and this pacifies to operation The complete and effort of availability and cost have high request.Therefore, service intervals, low abrasion and the fuel and operation material especially grown Material, the especially economic expansion of lubricant are central standards for operator's operation machine.Among other things, it is this Large-diameter low speed operation big-block engine piston operation action for the duration of service intervals, availability and directly it is right In consuming the running cost that causes by lubricant and be therefore determinant for business efficiency.Therefore, big-block engine The importance of challenge of lubrication be continuously increased.

For big-block engine, but not only for these, piston lubrication is to move back and forth in cylinder wall by arrangement Piston in lubricating arrangement and occur, lubricating oil is applied in the running surface of cylinder wall by lubricating arrangement, to make Friction between piston and running surface minimizes and therefore minimizes the abrasion of running surface and piston ring.For example, for Modern Engine, for exampleRTA motors, the abrasion of running surface is less than for the duration of operation of 1000 hours 0.05mm.For the lubricant quantity delivered about 1.0g/kWh of such engine and smaller, and least for into basis Even further reduce in response to this, if it would be possible, abrasion and leakage must be minimized simultaneously.

Many different solutions are known as the lubricating system for lubricating running surface, and the system is on lubricating arrangement The particular design of itself, and also on lubricating method.For example, as it is known that such lubricating arrangement, wherein lubricating oil pass through multiple Lubricant aperture is applied on piston of the operation by these openings, and circumferentially directions are arranged in cylinder wall these openings, Wherein lubricant circumferentially direction and is also in axial direction distributed via piston ring.Lubricant is not applied according to this method In the large area of the running surface of cylinder wall, but more or less pointwise is applied between piston ring at the side surface of piston.

Other methods are it is known that in this respect.Thus, for example, the lubricating system advised in WO00/28194, wherein, lubrication Oil by the vaporization nozzles in cylinder wall under high pressure with cylinder wall it is generally tangential be ejected into and be present in combustion space In scavenging air in, wherein lubricating oil is vaporized into particulate.Therefore, the lubricating oil of vaporization is subtly distributed in scavenging air And due to being thrown into by the centrifugal force that distortion is produced in the running surface of cylinder wall, running surface support scavenging air, And therefore also support the lubrication elaioleucite being subtly distributed in scavenging air.

In different methods, multiple lubricant nozzles are preferably arranged in mobile piston, and wherein term can include letter Single outlet opening and/or the unit with check-valves so that lubricant can be applied in generally in all high of running surface At arbitrfary point on degree.

How lubricant is applied in type and mode in the running surface of cylinder wall, and its dosage and lubricant are introduced into Time point in the cylinder of big-block engine has a major impact to lubricating quality.

The amount that time per unit and per unit area are applied to the lubricant in running surface is transported depending on big-block engine Many different parameters between refunding.Thus, for example, the chemical composition of used fuel, especially its sulfur content are played the part of emphatically Want role.In addition to steam-cylinder lubrication, it means that between piston and cylinder running surface, more specifically piston ring and cylinder wall The reduction of friction between running surface, in addition to other effects, lubricant is additionally operable to the combustion in the combustion space of engine The erosion acid produced during burning process, the especially neutralization of sulfur acid.Therefore, depending on used fuel, use is not of the same race The lubricant of class, in addition to other differences, the difference of fuel is their neutralising capacity, for the neutralising capacity, profit The so-called BN values of lubrication prescription are to estimate.Therefore, it is favourable for the high sulfur content in fuel compared with the fuel with low sulfur content Be to use the lubricant with higher BN values because the lubricant with higher BN values have on sour relatively senior middle school with Effect.

However, usually it is also possible that the lubricant of same type is necessarily used for the fuel of different quality.In such case Under, then, for example, higher or lower acid content can by the amount of used lubricant accordingly increase or reduce and It is compensated in combustion products.

On the amount of lubricant to be applied dosage another problem by lubricating film state（Especially in reciprocating work Fill in the time deviation and/or space bias of the thickness of lubricating film under the running status of internal combustion engine）To present.

Naturally, the amount of required lubricant can for example also depend on different operational factors, such as revolution, burning temperature Degree, engine temperature, the available cooling performance of cooling engine, load and many other operational factors.Therefore, it is possible to , for given revolution and higher load, compared with same number of revolutions and smaller load, it is necessary to by different amounts of lubricant It is applied in the running surface of cylinder.

In addition, amount of the state of internal combustion engine also to lubricant in itself has an impact.Thus, for example, it is known that it is to be used The amount of lubricant may depend on state of wear of cylinder running surface of the piston ring of piston etc. and consumingly change.Therefore, for Cylinder with the new cylinder running surface not yet run and/or for the new piston ring in running in stage, is wished really Hope increase friction to a certain extent so that conversely operate counterpart（This means such as piston ring, piston ring groove, and Running surface）Can break-in, and can therefore ideally set relative to each other.In addition to other results, this can be achieved in, and The cylinder for running a large amount of hours runs is compared, and generally work is carried out with different amounts of lubricant during the running in stage of cylinder.For This, for the engine with multiple cylinders, especially for each cylinder, the amount of lubricant can usually be separated from each other setting.

And cylinder running surface generally circumferentially direction and will also differently be worn and torn along the longitudinal direction, and with being serviced Hours run it is unrelated.For example for piston ring and piston in itself this be also definite similar.

Therefore, the amount of lubricant not only necessarily depends upon the hours of operation for serving internal-combustion reciprocating-pisto and set It is fixed, and lubricant amount should also depend on according to the time and according to the application type of position cylinder wall running surface not Variable dose in one and same cylinder is in putting.

Therefore, lubricant nozzle is provided in early known different zones in the running surface of cylinder or in mobile piston, These nozzles are preferably all individually controllable so that the amount of lubricant may depend on the application of both time and position and flexibly become Change.

In order to determine to treat the amount of lubricant that is introduced by particular lubricants nozzle in particular point in time, it is known that many not Tongfangs Method.In simple cases, the amount root of the lubricant of the instruction of quality of fuel and lubricant in itself used in may considering According to being for example easily as the running status of load or the internal-combustion reciprocating-pisto of the function of revolution, wherein opposite fortune Turning the state of wear of counterpart can also be considered based on the hours run serviced.

Therefore, those of ordinary skill in the art can distinguish so-called hydrodynamic lubrication and not enough lubricating status and/or mixed Close lubricating status.People refer to the lubricating film in such thickness and had been formed between opposite operating counterpart, it means that, for example The state of hydrodynamic lubrication when between the running surface of cylinder wall and the piston ring of piston, the surface of opposite operating counterpart Separated well each other by lubricating film so that these will not be in contact with each other.Different border conditions is by so-called mixed film friction Or mixed lubricating state is shown.In the case of the state of mixed film friction, the lubricating film at least portion between opposite operating counterpart Divide ground so thin so that opposite operating counterpart is directly in contact with each other.In this case, there is the danger of scratch and finally embrace cylinder Formation.So-called not enough lubricating status stays in discovery between the two border conditions.In the state of deficiency lubrication, lubricating film It is accurately so thick that opposite operating counterpart is no longer in contact with each other；However, the amount of lubricant less causes in phase enough Hydrodynamic lubrication is formed between anti-operating counterpart.Previous mixed lubricating state and not enough lubrication shape are prevented as much as possible State.This means the thickness of lubricating film is preferably selected so that hydrodynamic lubrication is set between conversely operating counterpart State.

Operation naturally results in correspondingly high lubricant consumption in the state of hydrodynamic lubrication.This aspect is not only It is quite uneconomical, and surprisingly show, not only lubricant starvation, and also excess lubricant led in cylinder The damage of opposite operating counterpart.

The problem is successfully addressed for the first time, because being passed by sensor and subsequently, by means of adjustment unit evaluation Sensor signal determines the state parameter of the lubricating film at the characteristic parameter of lubricating film under running status, cylinder running surface, The corresponding dosage that especially thickness of lubricating film is preferably supplied by lubricant is by local optimum.Corresponding equipment and associated Method be discussed in detail in EP1505270A1 by applicant.

Although determining that the desired amount of problem for the lubricant that must be supplied at a certain position of cylinder running surface is led to The innovation method is crossed ideally to solve, but it is determined that for that will be so far in the ideal time point in lubricant injection cylinder Only still suffer from difficulty.

On this point, ideal time point may depend on many parameters, be especially depending upon the different fortune of internal combustion engine operation Row state.Some in the parameter that can be played a role on this point are identicals, and they are for correct lubrication film thickness It is related, and these parameters are listed in foreword.Especially, correct time point depend primarily on naturally it is above-mentioned not Same lubricating method.The time point that thus be accordingly used in injection lubricant depends strongly on lubricating method naturally, and no matter lubricant answers example Such as it is introduced into scavenging air or should be for example injected directly into the piston run through, for example, injects the piston-ring packing of piston In.

For the lubricant line of lubricant supplied to the piston of internal combustion engine especially can be extended in the inside of piston rod. Lubricant can also be used for lubricating the bearing of piston rod, and this shows in JP60-125713.The lubricant is passed through from cylinder inner space Bearing is supplied to by reservoir or via supply rear line.Piston rod is directed in stuffing box.Stuffing box housing is maintained Under overvoltage, because air by the piston pump of piston operation by being pumped in stuffing box.Because stuffing box housing is tieed up Hold under overvoltage, therefore prevent lubricant from exposing, it means that avoid leakage.

However, it is possible that stuffing box housing space, which is fixed and sealed in a simple manner decoupled for this its,.For joint connection （jointed connection）, for this purpose, it is necessary to provide housing, the motion or encapsulation that the housing implements joint connection are whole Joint is connected, and this causes the very high requirement to forced air.Therefore, the solution provided in JP60-125713 for The lubricant leakage for being related to joint connection is avoided to seem impracticable.

Due to supplying the problem of lubricant is associated with via piston, multiple solutions are developed, these schemes are especially The lubrication between piston and the inwall of cylinder sleeve is to ensure that, because there is provided lubricating place, being borrowed via these lubricating places Help injection or introduce lubricant on cylinder jacket wall by nozzle.

Moreover, for the effectively lubricating for realizing piston cylinder unit, in addition to the amount of lubricating oil and its distribution, drawing The position of angle of incidence point piston in the cylinder is extremely important.The position also has the so-called crankangle of the bent axle of motor to retouch State.Specifically, for very small amount of lubricant, the amount of lubricant should become smaller for above-mentioned reason, it is important that in piston Correct position be in cylinder at correct piston position and apply lubricant.Only accordingly ensure that a small amount of lubricant has as far as possible Effect ground is utilized.

For having the concept of the lubricating arrangement of lubricant nozzle in mobile piston, lubricant must be via length, complicated Supply is transported to lubricant nozzle, and therefore the length, complicated supply are joined with tolerance, using the frequency dependence of curved bar.Because of construction Space reasons and due to the service condition in cylinder be used for rationing lubricant valve be arranged only at outside cylinder.Therefore, use There is number meter Chang Du in the supply line of big-block engine, and in addition between valve and lubricant nozzle with extremely complex Construction.The control of valve can be carried out highly precisely really；However, the delay between control and being actually introduced into of lubricant can not be complete It is complete to reduce and accurately make a reservation for for this.Moreover, cannot ensure that the amount of controlled lubricant under valve is actually also reached Lubricant nozzle and it is introduced into the range of the long supply line at lubricant nozzle.Therefore, time point and therefore vapour Piston position in cylinder can not be accurately set for lubricant is actually introduced into cylinder sleeve, and the amounts of lubrication introduced can not Accurate setting.

The content of the invention

Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of improved lubricating arrangement and providing a kind of improved for lubricating The method of the running surface of the cylinder of big-block engine and the lubricant leakage of detection lubricant supply system.The present invention's is another One purpose is a kind of cooling system for the joint connection for providing improved piston rod for crosshead engine, especially A kind of device for being used to avoid the leakage in cooling system is provided.

Cylinder sleeve, the piston being displaceably arranged in the cylinder sleeve, driving are included according to the big-block engine of the present invention Axle and the connecting element for the driving to be pivotally connected to the piston.The big-block engine also includes being used for by fluid Medium lubricates or cooled down the cylinder and/or the piston and/or the device of the connecting element, and including for by described in Fluid media (medium) is transported to the first connecting pipeline of place to use from reservoir.First connecting pipeline is extended through at least in part The connecting element is crossed, wherein, the fluid media (medium) in first connecting pipeline is pressurized substantially under pressure P1.Also The second connecting pipeline is provided with, second connecting pipeline receives fluid media (medium), and the fluid media (medium) is pressurized under pressure P2, just Under normal operator scheme, pressure P2 is higher than maximum pressure P1.

Specifically, due to the reduction of pressure P1 caused by the leakage in first connecting pipeline be it is measurable, described Leakage in one connecting pipeline causes the decompression in first connecting pipeline, and therefore causes the pressure difference between P1 and P2 to increase Greatly.Leakage in second connecting pipeline causes pressure P2 reduction, therefore occurs the reduction of pressure difference between P1 and P2.

The connecting element includes the piston rod with crosshead, wherein, the crosshead includes joint, in the joint Adjoining has at least one connecting rod, and at least one described connecting rod is connected to the drive shaft so that the rotary motion of the drive shaft It can be produced by the displacement of the piston.

According to embodiment, can be set in the joint has multiple holes.This some holes can be second connecting pipeline A part.Pump can be set between the joint and the reservoir for producing pressure P2.Alternatively, the storage Device can be maintained under pressure P2 in itself, or even under maintenance at a higher pressure, to compensate the pressure loss in the pipeline. In a normal operation mode, pressure P2 is substantially constant.The pump can be connected to first connection via restricting element Pipeline.Specifically, can be set between the restricting element and first connecting pipeline has impulse generator, wherein, it is described Impulse generator specifically includes at least one valve or guiding valve or magnetic valve.Settable joint arm, for by the fluid media (medium) It is supplied to first connecting pipeline and/or second connecting pipeline.The joint arm is referred to as curved bar.Alternatively, for example, Settable pressure hose.

The pressure sensor for detecting leakage can be set in first connecting pipeline and second connecting pipeline, To detect the pressure P2 in the pressure P1 and the second connecting pipeline in first connecting pipeline.The pressure sensor is sent The signal of evaluation unit can be introduced into.Measured pressure can be compared with the corresponding reference pressure in the evaluation unit Compared with.If producing the pressure difference of the Pulse Width more than operating pressure, the alarm of output indication leakage.

Place to use for the apparatus according to the invention can be for example steam-cylinder lubrication, including for lubricant to be applied to Oil site in the running surface of the cylinder.Naturally, multiple oil sites can also be set in the same manner.Specifically, may be used To set seal between second connecting pipeline and crankshaft space.

It is used for lubrication or the method for cooling large-sized engine the invention further relates to a kind of, wherein, the big-block engine bag Include cylinder sleeve, the piston being displaceably arranged in the cylinder sleeve, drive shaft and for the driving to be pivotally connected into the work The connecting element of plug, and also include being used to the cylinder and/or the connecting element are lubricated or cooled down by fluid media (medium) Device.The fluid media (medium) is transported to place to use from reservoir.The first connecting pipeline is provided with, first connecting pipeline is extremely Partially extend through the connecting element.The fluid media (medium) is in first connecting pipeline substantially under pressure P1 It is pressurized.The second connecting pipeline is provided with, second connecting pipeline receives fluid media (medium), the fluid media (medium) is added under pressure P2 Pressure, and in a normal operation mode, pressure P2 is higher than maximum pressure P1.Pressure P1 can be particular because first connecting tube Leakage in line and reduce.

The reservoir may be designed as the common-rail reservoir for lubricant or cooling agent, and the reservoir is connected to use In all lubricant lines or coolant lines of corresponding cylinder.Accordingly, it is capable to ensure each lubricant line or each cooling There is identical pressure in agent pipeline.

Oil site can be on the longitudinal axis by cylinder（A）What is determined is disposed axially at the diverse location of cylinder wall.When Lubricant is not only introduced at multiple of cylinder circle distribution, but also when being introduced at axially different position, profit Lubrication prescription can be uniformly distributed in the range of the larger surface of running surface.Thus the application of lubricant can occur simultaneously, it means that, All locking members are opened in same time point.However, it is also possible to introduce lubricant in different time points, it means that for example Lubrication is prior to piston movement.

Further application of the invention is to detect the leakage for the cylinder of big-block engine or the cooling agent of piston.Cooling The fluid media (medium) that agent can be circulated in cylinder wall or in the inside of piston.Cooling agent can be transported to by pump as lubricant Corresponding place to use.

Pump can be designed specifically to have the piston pump of multiple feeding pistons.The feeding piston is preferably driven by camshaft It is dynamic.The camshaft specifically can be driven by motor.Therefore, the revolution of the camshaft（This means time per unit Intake stroke number）Can arbitrarily it change in the range of the predetermined revolution of the motor.According to another modification, the feeding is lived Plug may also connect to working piston, wherein, the working piston can be moved by fluid pressure device so that can produce feeding Hub.Feeding piston conveyor lubricant or cooling agent in distributor.When one, the feeding piston of rotary piston pump connects When their intake stroke is implemented on one ground, specifically, when the cam arrangement of the camshaft into when angularly shifting each other, Pressure divergence in the distributor can be reduced.

Fluid pressure device can be the lubricant or cooling agent provided by additional reservoirs.The reservoir is specifically in Under the pressure higher than reservoir for lubrication.The reservoir can be under the pressure more than 50 bars, typically, be reached from 50 bars Arrive and in the pressure limit including 100 bars.Lubricant for lubricating arrangement is specifically by under the pressure for reaching 50 bars Reservoir is provided.The pressure of lubricant or cooling agent reaches 50 bars for pulse, and preferably in the model from 10 to 15 bars Enclose the scope being under interior pressure of foundation from 40 to 50 bars.The pressure corresponds to pressure P1, wherein must take into consideration in pipeline The pressure loss.Two reservoirs under pressure difference（This often means that lubricant reservoir or lubricant container or cooling agent Reservoir）Use allow with lubricant or cooling agent pump operation.Thus, in driving fluid and operation fluid（This means with In the lubricant or cooling agent of lubrication）Between set seal become out-of-date.Thus, it is possible to save to remove, potted component is set in pump, this Cause that pump can be manufactured more cost effectively, and also result in operation and maintenance simplification.

Pressure for the reservoir of lubricating arrangement is preferably less than the reservoir of the actuating of the working piston for pump Pressure.

The setting of locking member is preferably carried out according to the load of big-block engine.Therefore, lubricant supply can be accurate Ground matching needs.

The setting of locking member is specifically according to crankangle and/or the cylinder of revolution and/or moment of torsion and/or big-block engine Position and carry out.

The simple modification according to specific, when the pressure in cylinder space is higher than the feed pressure of lubricant, stop to Lubricant is supplied in the running surface of cylinder wall.Accordingly, it is capable to ensure there is no lubricant to reach vapour when piston is near top dead-centre The combustion space of cylinder.Therefore lubricant can be prevented to be present in during combustion process in combustion space, and therefore prevents from causing profit The burning of lubrication prescription, otherwise burning may result in undesirable deposit and waste gas.

The pressure of lubricant can for example measure by pressure sensor and be transferred to evaluation unit.The evaluation unit is checked Whether pressure is in the predetermined pressure range that upper threshold value and lower threshold value are limited.Both enter for pressure P1 and pressure P2 The row inspection.Evaluation unit calculates the pressure difference between P2 and P1.In a normal operation mode, pressure P2 be in P1 pressure with On.If pressure difference is negative, this indicates the presence of leakage.

For Negative Pressure Difference, alarm can be sent.Drop under the pressure, the pressure is especially dropped in longer period of time Under may indicate that leakage in lubricating arrangement, the lubricating arrangement must be checked to avoid the damage caused by lack of lubrication immediately It is bad.

Brief description of the drawings

The present invention will be illustrated in greater detail below with reference to schematic diagram.Show：

Fig. 1 is through the section of the piston-cylinder devices in big-block engine；

Fig. 2 is the two-stroke large diesel engine according to an embodiment for the lubricating arrangement according to the present invention Cylinder；

Fig. 3 is the details for determining the component of the pressure difference between the first connecting pipeline and the second connecting pipeline；

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of lubricant supply；

Fig. 5 is p, t curve map for the process of lubrication pressure P1 and P2 under normal manipulation mode and for failure.

Embodiment

The section through big-block engine is schematically shown in Fig. 1.Cylinder dress is had according to Fig. 1 big-block engine Put, the cylinder unit has the cylinder and piston 25 in the form of cylinder sleeve 20.Cylinder unit also has fresh air supply system 101.Fig. 1 cylinder unit is typical case's dress well known in the prior art for longitudinally scavenged two-stroke large diesel engine Put.

Piston 25, which is arranged to, back and forth to be shifted in the interior cylinder wall 22 along cylinder sleeve 20 of cylinder sleeve 20.Piston 25 is two Individual turning point（That is, top dead-centre（OT）And bottom dead centre（UT））Between move back and forth, wherein top dead-centre（OT）It is arranged in lower dead Point（UT）Between outlet valve 102.

Piston 25 includes piston-ring packing, and the piston-ring packing is shown schematically as only having three pistons in fig. 2 Ring 27,28,29, i.e. near the outlet valve 102 and therefore upper piston ring 28 also close to combustion space 23（Also referred to as push up Ring）, in fig. 2 relative to outlet valve 102 be arranged in the second piston ring 27 under first piston ring 28, and be arranged in piston Another piston ring 29 under ring 27.

According to diagram, combustion space 23 is at top by the cylinder cover 103 with nozzle and the limited boundary of outlet valve 102, institute State nozzle not to be shown in detail, and can be injected fuel into combustion space 23 by means of the nozzle, the outlet valve 102 is in figure Closed position is shown in 1.

Piston 25 is connected to crosshead 14 via piston rod 13 in a way known, in the big-block engine runtime Between, the reciprocating motion of piston 25 is delivered to the bent axle of big-block engine from piston rod 13.According to diagram, piston rod 13 is directed to wear Cross gas-swept space 110 and through stuffing box 111, the gas-swept space 110 adjacent cylinder sleeve 20 for outlet valve 102 Bottom, the stuffing box 111 by gas-swept space 110 and under it crankshaft space 115 sealing comes so that not by arrow Fresh air represented by first 112 can be reached in crankshaft space 115 from gas-swept space 110.Turbocharger 113 is under high pressure （For example, under the up to pressure of 4 bars）Fresh air is transported to gas-swept space 110.

Piston 25 is designed to the piston 25 internally cooled down with cooling agent 70, wherein, cooling agent is supplied via unshowned Pipeline is answered to supply and remove.

Piston 25 is shown in the position between OT and UT in Fig. 1.Along the direction of outlet valve 102, on piston Edge 71 is limited by the top point on the set surface 72 of piston 25.Piston 25 is arranged to along piston axis exist in cylinder sleeve 20 The reciprocal displacement axially upward of the side of bottom dead centre.

Piston 25 is designed to two-piece type.It includes so-called piston top 73 and is threaded onto piston top by unshowned Piston skirt 74 on 73, wherein, direction arrangement of the piston top 73 along outlet valve, and side of the piston skirt 74 along gas-swept space 110 To arrangement.Piston skirt 74 has the set surface of tubular, and the minimum point on the set surface limits the piston along the direction of gas-swept space 110 Skirt lower edge 75.

Three piston rings 27,28,29 shown in Fig. 2 are arranged at the set surface 72 of piston top 73, and first, upper piston ring 28 Arrange, the direction arrangement of adjacent second piston ring 29 along piston skirt lower edge 75, and lived with second along the direction of outlet valve Direction arrangement of the 3rd adjacent piston ring 27 of plug ring 29 along piston lower edge 25.Piston ring 27 is positioned at the most He of upper piston ring 28 Between most lower piston ring 29.

According to Fig. 2, lubricant and cooling agent are transferred to piston 25 through piston rod 13.According to Fig. 1, lubricant and/or Cooling agent is supplied to piston rod 13 via crosshead 14.For this purpose, crosshead includes the passage being shown specifically in figure 3.This A little passages are supplied via curved bar 120.Curved bar 120 represents reservoir 30 fixed on position（Referring to Fig. 2）Between crosshead 14 Connecting element, pump 1 can be set between reservoir 30 and crosshead 14.Alternatively, reservoir 30 may be designed to be similar to public affairs Common rail road reservoir, and may include lubricant or cooling agent pressurized under enough high pressures.Enough high pressures are therefore The pressure in pressure P1 and/or more than P2 is should be understood, and is enough to balance the pressure loss of the supply of crosshead 14.

As shown in figure 1, curved bar 120 itself can have one or more connector for joint to balance the fortune of crosshead It is dynamic.

The cylinder of two-stroke large diesel engine with lubricating arrangement 10 is schematic in the way of profile in fig. 2 Ground is shown.Fig. 2 two-stroke large diesel engine includes multiple cylinders 20, wherein, for clarity, exemplarily only showing One cylinder 20.Cylinder 20 includes cylinder wall 22, and circumferentially direction limits cylinder 20 to the cylinder wall in a way known Inner space 23.Piston 25 is arranged in cylinder 20, and the piston is arranged to axial direction A relative to cylinder 20 along cylinder The running surface 21 of wall 22 is back and forth shifted.Running surface 21 may be provided at superficial layer, and the superficial layer is for example by means of thermal spraying And be applied on the surface of cylinder wall 22.At least one oil site 7,17（Especially lubricating nozzle 26,46）It is arranged in cylinder In wall 22, the cylinder wall is supplied lubricant in a way known by pump 1 so that lubricating film can under operation by It is applied in the running surface 21 on cylinder wall 22.

Oil site 7,17 is connected to pump 1 via lubrication pipeline 8,18.Each in lubrication pipeline be respectively provided with locking member 5, 15.Lubrication pipeline is a part for distributor 3, and the distributor is also designed to common-rail reservoir.Pump 1 by lubricant from Reservoir 30 is transported to oil site 7,17 by distributor 3.The arrangement can be cooled down replacing lubricant using cooling agent Used when piston or cylinder.

Pump 1 can with lubricator or servo oil or cooling agent are operated.It means that pressure of the reservoir 30 in about 20 bars Lower offer lubricant or cooling agent.The working piston 33 of pump 1 is operated with the lubricant or cooling agent supplied by reservoir 31, should Reservoir 31 is pressurized under the pressure higher than reservoir 30.Generally, the pressure in reservoir 31 be in 50 to 100 bars it Between, especially near 50 bars（Plus the pressure loss of pipeline）.Reservoir 31 it is also possible to use will via the second connecting pipeline Lubricant or cooling agent are fed to crosshead.Restricting element can be arranged between reservoir and the second connecting pipeline, to incite somebody to action Pressure conversion is into low pressure P1, and low pressure P1 is at most between 40 to 50 bars, for pulse.

The lubricant being introduced into the working piston space 34 of pump 1 reaches feeding space 36 via corresponding opening 39.Only Working piston is wanted to be present in working piston space 35, opening 39 is coupled to working piston space 34, it means that, pump 1 Stroke not yet starts.Lubricant one is applied on the working piston in working piston space 34, and this is just set to that resistance is kept The motion of the resistance of device 37.Each opening 39 is closed by feeding piston 38, and the lubrication being present in feeding space 36 Agent is compressed.Because feeding space 36 is connected to distributor 3 in the way of fluid conducts, therefore is present in distributor 3 and/or profit Lubricant in lubrication prescription pipeline 8,18 is also compressed.

When intake stroke is completed, lubricant obtains required pressure in lubricant line 8,18.The pressure can be borrowed Help the pressure monitor sensor in distributor 3, regardless of whether pressure whether there is in ensure lubrication needed for can be predetermined In bandwidth.The bandwidth is generally in the range of 10 to 50 bars, specifically, and the scope includes the pressure of foundation from 10 to 15 bars To the pressure for pulse between 40 to 50 bars.

Therefore lubricant is provided in lubricant line 8,18, to be applied in cylinder 20 at desired time point Running surface 21 at.Desired time point is determined that the central location is by signal via signal transmission line by central location 50 42nd, 43 opening for being sent to corresponding locking device 5,15.Therefore, the time point of lubrication can be completely freely true by central location It is fixed.

Naturally, the shut-in time point of locking device 5,15 can equally be arbitrarily determined by central location 50.Therefore, it is required Amounts of lubrication can accurately set for specific lubrication interval.

Measurement apparatus 40 is schematically illustrated in Fig. 2, by the measurement apparatus 40, is detected for two-stroke large diesel The nominal value of the running status of engine.Measurement apparatus 40 produces the electric signal of the feature as nominal value, and by the signal edge Signal transmssion line 41 is transferred to central location 50, and the central location 50 is used to control lubricating system.Commented in the central location 50 Valency aforementioned signal.If evaluation result requirement is lubricated, signal is transmitted from central location via signal transmssion line 42,43 To locking member 5,15 so that these elements are activated, it means that, they are opened or closed for the through-flow of lubricant Close.Signal can also be used for controlling pump 1.This can be used for the pump that can be changed of feed current, for example, such as circulating pump, vane pump it The rotary pump of class.For example, the revolution of the motor of transfer tube, which can be varied so that, can change what time per unit was conveyed by pump Volume flow.For rotary piston pump, there is also the possibility.This rotary piston pump generally includes multiple pistons, this A little pistons are moved by means of the camshaft driven by motor.In order to increase the revolution of camshaft, increase the work of time per unit Number of stroke is filled in, and therefore changes the volume flow conveyed by pump.Naturally, it is possible to use the pump with single feeding piston, Wherein, feeding piston hydraulic moving or can be moved by means of camshaft.

In the present case, the switching frequency of switch valve 32 can be changed.In this case, signal from central location 50 via Signal transmssion line 44 is transferred to switch valve 32.Specifically, switch valve is designed to magnetic valve.Switch valve 32 can take two positions Put.In first position, the connection between working piston 33 and reservoir 30 is opened so that can deposit lubricant from working piston 33 It is that working piston space 34 therein is fed back into reservoir 30.Connecting pipeline between reservoir 30 and feeding space 36 Open so that lubricant can be flowed into feeding space 36.

By holding meanss 37（It is spring in this example）Take working piston 33 to its upper end position, and the work Piston is now ready for intake stroke.When switch valve 32 obtains the signal for carrying out intake stroke from central location 50, it, which switches, opens Close so that the connection for passing to reservoir 31 is opened.Lubricant is introduced into working piston space 35 from reservoir 31 under high pressure In, and working piston 33 carries out intake stroke, it means that, lubricant is pumped into point from feeding space by feeding piston 38 In orchestration 3.In addition, working piston need not be spatially separating with feeding in a sealing fashion.It therefore, there is no need to make driving side working piston Come with the sealing of feeding piston side working piston space 34 in space 35.

Locking member 5,15 opens certain period of time so that measured value of the lubricant based on measurement apparatus 40 is applied to fortune On row surface 21.The period that each locking member 5,15 is stayed open can individually match, and be determined by measurement apparatus The measured value of 40 detections.

Naturally, it is possible to provide multiple measurement apparatus, these measurement apparatus determine the different parameters of big-block engine.

The pressure of lubricant can equally be set so that it is in the maximum pressure and combustion space in combustion space Between minimum pressure.Final stage at least in compression stroke of pressure in combustion space, fuel air mixture igniting when Between point and expansion stage when starting more than lubricant pressure so that no lubricant can enter in combustion space.Only when Pressure in combustion space is during the expansion stage, during fresh air supply or during the first stage of compression stroke in profit When below the pressure of lubrication prescription, it is only possible to lubricant being incorporated into the running surface of cylinder.The alternative of the situation is, when piston exists When passing through oil site in compression stroke, the introducing of lubricant is possible, it means that, oil site leads to empty filled with scavenging The cylinder space of gas, the scavenging air is pressurized under corresponding scavenging air pressure.Scavenging air pressure leads in this Often more or less in generally more than the environmental pressure of about 3 bars.Therefore, exist between the position of oil site and piston and connect Connect.If piston（This means piston-ring packing）It is positioned above oil site, then scavenging air pressure is essentially present in lock Determine at element, and be present in combustion space（This means the cylinder space between piston-ring packing and outlet valve）In pressure show Write higher.

It is empty in resistance cylinder when thus oil site is in the region covered by piston-ring packing during compression stroke Between in forced feed lubricant during, when piston is present near top dead-centre, lubricant may reach cylinder space, this It is because the pressure on scavenging air side is substantially less than the pressure in cylinder space in the lateral pressure of combustion space.

It also shows that lubricant or cooling agent are supplied to piston 25 in Fig. 2.The apparatus according to the invention 10 is used for by stream Body medium lubricates or cools down cylinder sleeve 20 and/or piston 25 and/or connecting element 13,14,19,120.Fluid media (medium) is specifically It is cooling agent or lubricant.First connecting pipeline be arranged for by fluid media (medium) from reservoir 30 be fed to place to use 20, 25、13、14、19.First connecting pipeline 11 extends through connecting element 13,14,19 at least in part.Only shown in Fig. 1 through The route of piston rod 13.However, connecting pipeline can be arranged in crosshead, curved bar and piston in the same manner, especially set Put in piston skirt.Fluid media (medium) is substantially present in the first connecting pipeline under pressure P1.It is provided with the second connecting pipeline 12, in second connecting pipeline 12, receive the fluid media (medium) under P2 pressure.Pressure P2 is in a normal operation mode higher than maximum Pressure P1.

Fig. 3 is shown to be used to cooling down and/or the device that lubricates between the first connecting pipeline 11 and the second connecting pipeline 12 Details.Show the profile of crosshead 14 and a part for piston rod 13.According to Fig. 3, casing component 117 exists in work Between stopper rod 13 and crosshead 14.Because piston rod 13 can rotate relative to crosshead, therefore be provided with seal 118, so as to The first connecting pipeline 11 and the second connecting pipeline 12 are sealed on crankshaft space 115.

Fluid media (medium) is present in the first connecting pipeline 11, and the fluid media (medium) is, for example, cooling agent or lubricant.It is present in Fluid media (medium) in first connecting pipeline has pressure P1.First connecting pipeline extends through piston rod 13, casing component 117, And also extend through crosshead 114.For this purpose, open channels are there are at the sleeve surface of crosshead, the open channels table Show the supply line for being connected at connecting pipeline 11 and extending through curved bar 120.Supply line and supply line are to crosshead Connection be not shown.

Fluid media (medium) is circulated in the second connecting pipeline 12, and the fluid media (medium) is pressurized under pressure P2 in a similar manner. Specifically, for normal manipulation mode, pressure P2 can be constant.Because fluid media (medium) in the second connecting pipeline Pressure P2 is more than the pressure P1 of the fluid media (medium) in the first connecting pipeline, therefore first makes sure fluid Jie of the first connecting pipeline Matter can not be discharged to outside.In the case of being leaked in the first connecting pipeline 11, by means of in the second connecting pipeline compared with High pressure P2 prevents fluid media (medium) to expose.Therefore, in the case of being leaked in the first connecting pipeline 11, fluid media (medium) energy Flowed into pressure P2 in the first connecting pipeline 11.Therefore, the pressure increase in the first connecting pipeline, while in the second connecting pipeline Pressure decline, so as to there occurs pressure balance.Pressure, which declines, caused by pressure balance is measured, and is transferred to evaluation Unit.Evaluation unit constantly compares surveyed pressure and reference pressure.Pressure difference declines due to pressure balance, therefore, evaluating single Member sends signal, for example, alarm.The alarm provides the signal that there is leakage in the first connecting pipeline.

When there is leakage in the second connecting pipeline 12, pressure P2 declines.Pressure P2 on reference pressure decline by commenting Valency unit is measured.Evaluation unit also produces output signal in this case, for example, alarm.The alarm may differ from providing first There is the alarm of the signal of leakage in connecting pipeline.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment, and the figure shows produce the first connecting pipeline 11 and the second connection by different way Different pressures P1 and P2 in pipeline 12.The fluid media (medium) conveyed by pump 1 from reservoir 30 is by means of point that is not shown specifically Orchestration element is divided into the first connecting pipeline 11 and the second connecting pipeline 12.Pressure in the pressure line in pump downstream thus with compared with High pressure P2 correspondences.Restricting element 125 is provided with connecting pipeline 11, for reducing pressure.Can also be at restricting element 125 Impulse sender 126 is set in connection.Impulse sender is used for dispense-pulse electric current.Specifically, when fluid media (medium) is lubricant When, can be advantageously in sometime point output lubricant.Impulse sender can for example be designed to locking member, specifically, if It is calculated as valve.

Curve map shown in Fig. 5 shows the route of the pressure of fluid media (medium), the pressure representative on the y axis, and time Represent in x-axis.Therefore, solid line is shown occurs pressure P2 after urgent leakage and its in the second or first connecting pipeline Change.In addition, dotted line represents the pressure P1 in the case of being leaked in the first connecting pipeline 11 and its change.It is as described above , pressure P1 increases when leaking so that in the pressure P1 stored as reference pressure and the pressure increased due to leakage There is pressure difference between power P1 '.

In addition, curve map shows the pressure route in fluid media (medium) pulse when conveying in a pulsed fashion.In device Under normal manipulation mode, the maximum pressure of pulse is in below pressure P1 minimum value.

Naturally, the apparatus according to the invention, and for detecting that it is specific shown in accompanying drawing that the method for leakage is not limited to Embodiment, but can be directed to and be produced according to each fluid feed system of the present invention.

Claims (16)

1. a kind of big-block engine, the big-block engine includes cylinder sleeve (20), is arranged in the cylinder sleeve (20) with shifting Piston (25), drive shaft, and for the driving is pivotally connected to the piston (25) connecting element (13,14,19, 120), the big-block engine include being used for being lubricated or cooled down by means of fluid media (medium) the cylinder sleeve and/or the piston and/ Or the device of the connecting element, and also include being used to the fluid media (medium) being delivered to place to use from reservoir (30) First connecting pipeline (11) of (7,17), the big-block engine is characterised by, first connecting pipeline (11) at least portion Extend through the connecting element with dividing, wherein, the fluid media (medium) in first connecting pipeline (11) is substantially in pressure It is pressurized under power P1, wherein, the second connecting pipeline (12) is additionally provided with, second connecting pipeline is received to be pressurized under pressure P2 Fluid media (medium), and in a normal operation mode, the pressure P2 is higher than the maximum pressure P1, and wherein, in institute State in the case of being leaked in the first connecting pipeline (11), fluid media (medium) can flow into described from second connecting pipeline (12) In first connecting pipeline (11).

2. big-block engine according to claim 1, wherein, because the leakage in first connecting pipeline (11) is caused The reduction of the pressure P1 be to survey.

3. big-block engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, due to the leakage in second connecting pipeline (12) The pressure P2 caused reduction is to survey.

4. big-block engine according to claim 1, wherein, the connecting element includes the piston with crosshead (14) Bar (13), the crosshead has joint and has at least one connecting rod (19), at least one described company in joint adjoining Bar is connected to drive shaft so that the rotary motion of the drive shaft can be produced by the displacement of the piston.

5. big-block engine according to claim 4, wherein, multiple holes, the multiple hole are provided with the joint It is designed to a part for second connecting pipeline.

6. the big-block engine according to claim 4 or 5, wherein, set between the joint and the reservoir (30) Pump (1) is equipped with, for producing the pressure P2.

7. big-block engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the pressure P2 is constant.

8. big-block engine according to claim 6, wherein, the pump (1) is connected to described via restricting element (125) First connecting pipeline.

9. big-block engine according to claim 8, wherein, in the restricting element (125) and first connecting tube Impulse generator (126) is provided between line (11), the impulse generator includes at least one valve.

10. big-block engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, joint arm (120) is provided with, for by the fluid Medium is supplied to first connecting pipeline (11) and/or second connecting pipeline (12).

11. big-block engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, in first connecting pipeline (11) and described second Connecting pipeline is provided with corresponding pressure sensor in (12), to detect the pressure in first connecting pipeline (11) The pressure P2 in P1 and second connecting pipeline (12).

12. big-block engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the place to use includes steam-cylinder lubrication, and including For lubricant being applied to the oil site of the running surface (21) of the cylinder sleeve (20).

13. big-block engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, in second connecting pipeline (12) and crankshaft space (115) seal (118) is provided between.

14. big-block engine according to claim 9, wherein, at least one described valve is guiding valve or magnet valve.

15. it is a kind of be used for lubricate or cooling large-sized engine method, wherein, the big-block engine include cylinder sleeve (20), Piston (25) in the cylinder sleeve (20), drive shaft can be arranged in displacement, and for the driving to be pivotally connected into the work The connecting element (13,14,19,120) of plug, the big-block engine also includes being used to institute is lubricated or cooled down by means of fluid media (medium) The device of cylinder sleeve and/or the connecting element is stated, wherein：The fluid media (medium) is conveyed in connecting pipeline from reservoir (30) To place to use (7,17)；The first connecting pipeline (11) is provided with, first connecting pipeline extends through described at least in part Connecting element；The fluid media (medium) in first connecting pipeline (11) is pressurized substantially under pressure P1；It is provided with Two connecting pipelines (12), second connecting pipeline receives the fluid media (medium) being pressurized under pressure P2, and in normal operating mould Under formula, the pressure P2 is leaked higher than the maximum pressure P1, and wherein in first connecting pipeline (11) In the case of, fluid media (medium) can be flowed into first connecting pipeline (11) from second connecting pipeline (12).

16. method according to claim 15, wherein, the pressure P1 is due to letting out in first connecting pipeline (11) Leak and decline, and/or, the pressure P2 reduces due to the leakage in second connecting pipeline (12).