CN103243280B - Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103243280B CN103243280B CN201310153720.7A CN201310153720A CN103243280B CN 103243280 B CN103243280 B CN 103243280B CN 201310153720 A CN201310153720 A CN 201310153720A CN 103243280 B CN103243280 B CN 103243280B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4 to 6 percent of carbon fiber, 1.0 to 1.3 percent of Li, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of Nd and the balance of aluminum, wherein the carbon fiber comprises pitch-based carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes or polyacrylonitrile; and the carbon fiber has the length of 105 nm to 4.5 mm. The density of the composite material is less than 2.2 g/cm<3>. According to test, the tensile strength of the material reaches 605 MPa and the yield strength of the material reaches 452 MPa.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of composite material preparation, be specifically related to a kind of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Carbon fiber is formed by the fibrous polymer of decomposition temperature lower than melt temperature, and petroleum products and chemical fibre are made through special processing.Carbon fiber density only 1.85g/cm3, and intensity can reach about 7000Mpa, higher than general intensity of aluminum alloy 10 times.In specific tenacity and specific modulus, more much higher than other high-performance fiber.In the composition of carbon fiber, carbon content is about 90%, good mechanical performance.Even if more than 2000 DEG C under high temperature inert atmosphere, the intensity of carbon fiber does not still decline.In this, can compared with it without any a kind of material.In addition, carbon fiber also has other multiple premium propertiess: low density, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, rub resistance, antifatigue, high vibration damping, low thermal expansivity, electrical and thermal conductivity.In metallic matrix, add massfraction is the main supporting body of 3% ~ 5% high-performance fiber as matrix material, greatly can improve the specific tenacity of matrix material.The aluminum matrix composite designed of 20 century 70s, there is lower thermal expansivity, high thermal conductivity, high temperature resistant, higher higher than common metal, the most of performance of the mechanical property such as opposing polishing machine, tensile strength, yield strength, by features such as optimization composition and thermal treatment process can change within the specific limits, are favored in aerospace department always very much.In recent years, aeronautical and space technology developed rapidly, the traditional structural materials on aircraft, as the alloys such as aluminium, titanium, steel, magnesium can not meet the requirement of new capability.Drape over one's shoulders with it the aircraft with " coat " the lightest, become the megatrend manufacturing aircraft in the world gradually.To lightweight " coat " requirement be: not only effectively can overcome own wt and the contradiction of safety, under repeated load effect, not produce fatigue cracking, and aircraft energy expenditure can be reduced by a relatively large margin.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that a kind of density is low, tensile strength and the high carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite of yield strength and preparation method thereof, this composite density is lower than 2.2g/cm
3, tensile strength reaches 605MPa, and yield strength reaches 452MPa.
The present invention for solving the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme is: a kind of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite, the composition of described matrix material is: by weight percentage: carbon fiber 4 ~ 6%, Li 1.0 ~ 1.3%, Nd 0.7 ~ 0.9%, surplus is Al, and this composite density is lower than 2.2g/cm
3, tensile strength can reach 605MPa, and yield strength can reach 452MPa.
Described carbon fiber is asphalt base carbon fiber, carbon nanotube class or polypropylene nitrile, and the length of carbon fiber is 105nm ~ 4.5mm.
The preparation technology of above-mentioned carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite, comprises the following steps:
1), by carbon fiber make precast body, and adopt sol-gel method to carry out Al in prefabricated carbon fiber surface
2o
3coating process, obtains surface and has Al
2o
3the coat carbon fiber precast body of film;
2), by step 1) put into shaping dies through the carbon fabric perform of surface coated treatment, then shaping dies is put into vacuumize treatment facility, control low vacuum in 50Pa, carry out vacuumizing process, vacuumize the treatment time at more than 3min;
3), mixed metal powder is got by 15.67 ~ 24 times of step 1) carbon fabric perform gross weight, mixed metal powder by the lithium powder of 1.04 ~ 1.38%, the neodymium powder of 0.73 ~ 0.96% and 97.66 ~ 98.23% aluminium powder form, mixed metal powder is added in container, be heated to 1050 DEG C, metal-powder is all melted, insulation 30min, and stir, obtain hybrid metal liquid;
4), cast continuously with the hybrid metal liquid that step 4) obtains, in continuous casting process, control pouring speed is 0.25cm/s, rate of cooling is 6K/s, closes vacuum valve, eventually passes the alloy after continuous casting and introduces step 2 with solid-liquid two-phase coexistent state) vacuumize in the shaping dies processed, and argon gas is filled with in shaping dies, make mould inner pressure reach 0.8MPa, at this pressure, alloy and carbon fiber carry out compound in shaping dies;
5) namely the shaping dies, after compound obtains carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite after overcooling, the demoulding.
The Al of described step 1)
2o
3al in coating
2o
3weight be 4% of carbon fiber gross weight.
beneficial effect
(1), carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite of the present invention: a, tensile strength test: by the Φ 20mm sample meeting material and make, test through WE-1000A type hydraulic universal material testing machine, rate of loading is at 26 MPa/s, and the tensile strength measuring this material reaches 605 Mpa; B, yield strength are tested: the rectangular parallelepiped sample made by matrix material, through CMT5504 microcomputer controlled electronic universal tester, under the strain rate of sample parallel length is 0.001/s, the yield strength measuring this material reaches 452 Mpa.
(2), preparation technology's simple possible of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite of the present invention, production cost is lower, also lower to equipment requirements, is easy to industrialization continuous high-efficient and produces.
Embodiment
A kind of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite, the composition of described matrix material is: by weight percentage: carbon fiber 4 ~ 6%, Li 1.0 ~ 1.3%, Nd 0.7 ~ 0.9%, and surplus is aluminium, and this composite density is lower than 2.2g/cm
3, tensile strength reaches 605MPa, and yield strength reaches 452MPa.
Described carbon fiber is asphalt base carbon fiber, carbon nanotube class or polypropylene nitrile, and the length of carbon fiber is 105nm ~ 4.5mm.
The preparation technology of above-mentioned carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite, comprises the following steps:
1), by carbon fiber make precast body, and adopt sol-gel method to carry out Al in prefabricated carbon fiber surface
2o
3coating process, obtains surface and has Al
2o
3the coat carbon fiber precast body of film;
2), by step 1) put into shaping dies through the carbon fabric perform of surface coated treatment, then shaping dies is put into vacuumize treatment facility, control low vacuum in 50Pa, carry out vacuumizing process, vacuumize the treatment time at more than 3min;
3), mixed metal powder is got by 15.67 ~ 24 times of step 1) carbon fabric perform gross weight, mixed metal powder by the lithium powder of 1.04 ~ 1.38%, the neodymium powder of 0.73 ~ 0.96% and 97.66 ~ 98.23% aluminium powder form, mixed metal powder is added in container, be heated to 1050 DEG C, metal-powder is all melted, insulation 30min, and stir, obtain hybrid metal liquid;
4), cast continuously with the hybrid metal liquid that step 4) obtains, in continuous casting process, control pouring speed is 0.25cm/s, rate of cooling is 6K/s, closes vacuum valve, eventually passes the alloy after continuous casting and introduces step 2 with solid-liquid two-phase coexistent state) vacuumize in the shaping dies processed, and argon gas is filled with in shaping dies, make mould inner pressure reach 0.8MPa, at this pressure, alloy and carbon fiber carry out compound in shaping dies;
5) namely the shaping dies, after compound obtains carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite after overcooling, the demoulding.
The Al of described step 1)
2o
3al in coating
2o
3weight be 4% of carbon fiber gross weight.
Following subject matter to be held preparing in alloy process: 1 wants preferred raw material, carbon fiber should be chosen from following raw materials according: free pitch class, carbon nanotube class or PAN class, and the length of carbon fiber should between 105nm ~ 4.5mm, 2-in-1 bronze Heating temperature can not lower than 1050 DEG C, and be incubated 30min, stir, ensure that three kinds of metals are in liquid state entirely, but can not higher than 1100 DEG C, to avoid lithium explosive evaporatoin; 3 carbon fibers as far as possible evenly tile in shaping dies, so that in the composite dispersed in finished product, matrix material are fully strengthened.
In the present invention, the tensile strength of fibre reinforced aluminium-lithium-its alloys and yield strength mechanism are: 1 carbon fiber is under external force from aluminum base alloy during shellfish pull-out, carbon fiber consumes some energy with the mutual friction of aluminum base alloy phase, thus increasing tensile strength, the effect that tensile strength increases is relevant with aluminum base alloy Surface active component resistance with carbon fiber; 2 when aluminum base alloy ruptures, and carbon fiber can bear external force and be connected to the crackle of disconnection, and carbon fiber also produces aluminum base alloy and makes every effort to promote and make crack closure, thus consumes extraneous load, the corresponding yield strength improving material.
Rear earth element nd: belong to transition element in the periodic table of elements, nucleidic mass is 144.24, fusing point 1016 DEG C.Silver color rare earth metal is hard and tough and tensile.As alterant in aluminum base alloy, purification, refining aluminum alloy crystal grain and metamorphism can be played.
Lithium: the alkali metal that density is minimum, nucleidic mass is 6.941, fusing point 180.54 DEG C, contributes to reducing composite density.Form several dispersivity strengthening phase such as AlLi5, Al2Li3 with aluminium, improve strength of alloy.
Below specific embodiments of the invention:
embodiment 1
1), get carbon fiber 10Kg, carbon fiber is made precast body, and adopt sol-gel method to carry out Al in prefabricated carbon fiber surface
2o
3coating process, obtains surface and has Al
2o
3the coat carbon fiber precast body of film;
2), by step 1) put into shaping dies through the carbon fabric perform of surface coated treatment, then shaping dies is put into vacuumize treatment facility, control low vacuum in 50Pa, carry out vacuumizing process, vacuumize the treatment time at more than 3min;
3), get aluminium powder 186.6 Kg, lithium powder 2 Kg and neodymium powder 1.4 Kg, three kinds of metal-powders are added in container, is heated to 1050 DEG C, metal is all melted, insulation 30min, and stir, obtain hybrid metal liquid;
4), cast continuously with the hybrid metal liquid that step 4) obtains, in continuous casting process, control pouring speed is 0.25cm/s, rate of cooling is 6K/s, closes vacuum valve, eventually passes the alloy after continuous casting and introduces step 2 with solid-liquid two-phase coexistent state) vacuumize in the shaping dies processed, and argon gas is filled with in shaping dies, make mould inner pressure reach 0.8MPa, at this pressure, alloy and carbon fiber carry out compound in shaping dies;
5) namely the shaping dies, after compound obtains carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite after overcooling, the demoulding.
Obtained matrix material is tested:
A, tensile strength are tested: by the Φ 20mm sample meeting material and make, and through the test of WE-1000A type hydraulic universal material testing machine, rate of loading is at 26 MPa/s, and the tensile strength measuring this material reaches 598 Mpa;
B, b, yield strength are tested: the rectangular parallelepiped sample made by matrix material, through CMT5504 microcomputer controlled electronic universal tester, under the strain rate of sample parallel length is 0.001/s, the yield strength measuring this material reaches 450Mpa.
embodiment 2
1), get carbon fiber 20Kg, carbon fiber is made precast body, and adopt sol-gel method to carry out Al in prefabricated carbon fiber surface
2o
3coating process, obtains surface and has Al
2o
3the coat carbon fiber precast body of film;
2), by step 1) put into shaping dies through the carbon fabric perform of surface coated treatment, then shaping dies is put into vacuumize treatment facility, control low vacuum in 50Pa, carry out vacuumizing process, vacuumize the treatment time at more than 3min;
3), get aluminium powder 307.3Kg, lithium powder 4.3Kg and neodymium powder 2.4Kg, three kinds of metal-powders are added in container, is heated to 1050 DEG C, metal is all melted, insulation 30min, and stir, obtain hybrid metal liquid;
4), cast continuously with the hybrid metal liquid that step 4) obtains, in continuous casting process, control pouring speed is 0.25cm/s, rate of cooling is 6K/s, closes vacuum valve, eventually passes the alloy after continuous casting and introduces step 2 with solid-liquid two-phase coexistent state) vacuumize in the shaping dies processed, and argon gas is filled with in shaping dies, make mould inner pressure reach 0.8MPa, at this pressure, alloy and carbon fiber carry out compound in shaping dies;
5) namely the shaping dies, after compound obtains carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite after overcooling, the demoulding.
embodiment 3
1), get carbon fiber 50Kg, carbon fiber is made precast body, and adopt sol-gel method to carry out Al in prefabricated carbon fiber surface
2o
3coating process, obtains surface and has Al
2o
3the coat carbon fiber precast body of film;
2), by step 1) put into shaping dies through the carbon fabric perform of surface coated treatment, then shaping dies is put into vacuumize treatment facility, control low vacuum in 50Pa, carry out vacuumizing process, vacuumize the treatment time at more than 3min;
3), get aluminium powder 1175.4Kg, lithium powder 14.4Kg and neodymium powder 10.2Kg, three kinds of metal-powders are added in container, is heated to 1050 DEG C, metal is all melted, insulation 30min, and stir, obtain hybrid metal liquid;
4), cast continuously with the hybrid metal liquid that step 4) obtains, in continuous casting process, control pouring speed is 0.25cm/s, rate of cooling is 6K/s, closes vacuum valve, eventually passes the alloy after continuous casting and introduces step 2 with solid-liquid two-phase coexistent state) vacuumize in the shaping dies processed, and argon gas is filled with in shaping dies, make mould inner pressure reach 0.8MPa, at this pressure, alloy and carbon fiber carry out compound in shaping dies;
5) namely the shaping dies, after compound obtains carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite after overcooling, the demoulding.
Claims (2)
1. a preparation technology for carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite, is characterized in that:
The composition of described matrix material is: by weight percentage: carbon fiber 4 ~ 6%, Li 1.0 ~ 1.3%, Nd 0.7 ~ 0.9%, and surplus is Al, and this composite density is lower than 2.2g/cm
3, tensile strength can reach 605MPa, and yield strength can reach 452MPa;
Described carbon fiber is asphalt base carbon fiber, carbon nanotube class or polypropylene nitrile, and the length of carbon fiber is 105nm ~ 4.5mm;
Described preparation technology comprises the following steps:
1), by carbon fiber make precast body, and adopt sol-gel method to carry out Al in prefabricated carbon fiber surface
2o
3coating process, obtains surface and has Al
2o
3the coat carbon fiber precast body of film;
2), by step 1) put into shaping dies through the carbon fabric perform of surface coated treatment, then shaping dies is put into vacuumize treatment facility, control low vacuum in 50Pa, carry out vacuumizing process, vacuumize the treatment time at more than 3min;
3), mixed metal powder is got by 15.67 ~ 24 times of step 1) carbon fabric perform gross weight, mixed metal powder by the lithium powder of 1.04 ~ 1.38%, the neodymium powder of 0.73 ~ 0.96% and 97.66 ~ 98.23% aluminium powder form, mixed metal powder is added in container, be heated to 1050 DEG C, metal-powder is all melted, insulation 30min, and stir, obtain hybrid metal liquid;
4), cast continuously with the hybrid metal liquid that step 3) obtains, in continuous casting process, control pouring speed is 0.25cm/s, rate of cooling is 6K/s, closes vacuum valve, eventually passes the alloy after continuous casting and introduces step 2 with solid-liquid two-phase coexistent state) vacuumize in the shaping dies processed, and argon gas is filled with in shaping dies, make mould inner pressure reach 0.8MPa, at this pressure, alloy and carbon fiber carry out compound in shaping dies;
5) namely the shaping dies, after compound obtains carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite after overcooling, the demoulding.
2. the preparation technology of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the Al of described step 1)
2o
3al in coating
2o
3weight be 4% of carbon fiber gross weight.
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| CN103602933B (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2016-03-02 | 国家电网公司 | Height leads carbon-nanotube-modialuminum aluminum material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103924172B (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-11-18 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of reinforced aluminum matrix composites |
| CN104213057B (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2016-04-13 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of copper carbon fiber strengthens Al-Li Alloy Matrix Composites and preparation method thereof |
| CN104313516B (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-05-25 | 苏州吴创材料科技发展有限公司 | Arrangements for automotive doors adds carbon fiber aluminum-based compound material and preparation method thereof with rare earth |
| CN104805383B (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2017-01-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of low-expansion high-thermal-conductivity Cf/Al composite |
| CN105039877B (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2016-11-30 | 同济大学 | Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite and preparation method and application |
| CN105239025B (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-04-19 | 迈克瑞(珠海)复合材料有限公司 | Preparation method of carbon fiber reinforced titanium alloy composite material |
| CN107099758A (en) * | 2017-03-18 | 2017-08-29 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of continuous reinforced aluminum matrix composites of CNT/carbon fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN111519115B (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-12-28 | 成都美奢锐新材料有限公司 | High-toughness high-wear-resistance titanium carbonitride based cermet material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112301296B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-03-25 | 丽水正阳电力建设有限公司 | Method for preparing carbon modified aluminum-based composite material by stacking hot-pressing method |
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| JP4106395B2 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2008-06-25 | 島根県 | Metal-based carbon fiber composite material and method for producing the same |
| CN1255571C (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2006-05-10 | 上海交通大学 | Carbon-carbon/aluminium composite material preparation method |
| CN102586703B (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-11-20 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing graphite whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composite material |
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