CN103240269A - Method for improving washed soil - Google Patents
Method for improving washed soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103240269A CN103240269A CN2013102005876A CN201310200587A CN103240269A CN 103240269 A CN103240269 A CN 103240269A CN 2013102005876 A CN2013102005876 A CN 2013102005876A CN 201310200587 A CN201310200587 A CN 201310200587A CN 103240269 A CN103240269 A CN 103240269A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving washed soil, and relates to a method for improving soil. The method for improving washed soil comprises the following process: determining the proportion of sand granules of 0.025mm of washed soil according to a hydrometer method, when the proportion of sand granules greater than 0.025mm of the washed soil is 60%-80%, the additive amount of mushroom residue composite additives is 8wt%-10wt%; when the proportion of sand granules greater than 0.025mm of the washed soil is 40%-60%, the additive amount of mushroom residue composite additives is 3wt%-5wt%, and when the proportion of sand granules greater than 0.025mm of the washed soil is below 40%, the additive amount of mushroom residue composite additives is 1.5wt%-2.5wt%; and mushroom residue composite additive is formed by uniformly mixing mushroom residue after decomposition treatment, biogas residue and fulvic acid according to the mass ratio of 355:97:38. The method not only can be used for increasing the water retaining capacity of the washed soil, but also can replenish nutritional ingredients of the washed soil, meanwhile, is low in cost, has no engineering modification, and is high in feasibility in actual applications.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of improving the soil, particularly relate to a kind of method that improves washed off soil.
Background technology
Soil is the most important material base of agricultural production.But be accompanied by the increase of China's industrial waste, agrochemical substances kind and quantity and urban pollutant, China's heavy metal pollution of soil degree is aggravated, and contaminated area enlarges year by year.In the past in 50 years, China's heavy-metal contaminated soil at least 2,000 ten thousand hm
2About 1,300 ten thousand～1,600 ten thousand hm of pollution by pesticides area
2Because the complexity of its environment in the heavy-metal contaminated soil, purifying contaminated soil has become when previous challenging technical problem.Through the researchs in 30 years and application, obtained fast development, developed a series of physics, chemistry and biotechnology at present and administered and be subjected to heavy-metal contaminated soil.Bioremediation technology have can with contaminant degradation thoroughly, characteristics such as little and expense is low to the soil physico-chemical property influence and be used as the effective for repairing means, be used widely.Yet, toxicity too high when pollutant levels is crossed when strong, and biological restoration is difficult to meet the demands usually.The physics recovery technique is energy while renovation of organic pollution and heavy-metal contaminated soil in same system for handling, and can significantly reduce the processed volume weight of soils of off-site, and heavy metal can be recovered utilization (for example, melting is refined) in some cases.But the equipment that the physical technique system requirements is big and big space are carried out soil pollution and are administered, the capacity of the contaminated soil of being administered also must very big (〉 5000 tons), and control expense is higher.The development of chemistry recovery technique is morning, comparative maturity.But chemical method may cause other environmental problems because the chemical agent that adds can exert an influence to physical chemistry in the soil and microbiological property, destroys the original existence of environment, produces secondary pollution.Based on the pluses and minuses of said method, using more at present is the restorative procedure that physical chemistry is combined.Wherein soil drip washing technology can effectively be widely used in conjunction with the advantage in physical method and the chemical method.It is good for the regional repairing effect of small size heavy metal severe contamination that drip washing is repaired, can remove pollutants a large amount of in the soil, the range of scatter of restriction bazardous waste is for old industry resettlement district, can eliminate soil human settlements risk, improve the soil environment quality situation.But when eluent was removed soil pollutant, soil water-retaining, fertilizer-preserving ability after the drip washing were poor, nutrient loss, and fertility descends.
At present about the improvement work of washed off soil rarely seen report also.Therefore it is poor to the present invention is directed to the washed off soil water holding capacity, nutrient loss, and fertility this characteristics that descend, it is effective to seek a kind of water conservation, and the getting fat ability is strong, and improvement washed off soil method with low cost is significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that improves washed off soil, this method can increase the water holding capacity of washed off soil, can replenish the washed off soil nutritional labeling again, and this method is with low cost simultaneously, do not have engineered, feasibility height in actual applications.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method that improves washed off soil, described method comprises following process: the sand grains ratio of measuring 0.025 millimeter of washed off soil according to hydrometer method, when washed off soil was in 60%-80% greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition was 8 wt%-10 wt%; When washed off soil was in 40%-60% greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition was 3 wt%-5 wt%; When washed off soil is in 40% when following greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition is 1.5 wt%-2.5 wt%; Described bacterium chaff compound additive is evenly mixed by mass ratio 355:97:38 by bacterium chaff, natural pond slag and the fulvic acid handled through decomposition.
Described a kind of method that improves washed off soil, the described sand grains ratio of measuring 0.025 millimeter of washed off soil according to hydrometer method: comprise claiming sample, dispersion grogs, preparation suspension, result of calculation; It claims sample: restrain in 500 milliliters of conical flasks for taking by weighing by 2 millimeters sieve aperture soil samples 50; Result of calculation: for greater than 0.025 millimeter grain size content (%)=m
1/ m*100, in the formula: m is the weight (gram) of oven-dried soil, m
1For more than or equal to 0.025 millimeter grade oven-dried soil weight (gram).
Described a kind of method that improves washed off soil, described dispersion grogs: according to P in soil H, select following dispersant respectively for use: calcareous soil sample 50 grams add 60 milliliters of 0.5mol/L sodium phosphates (Na3PO4); Neutral soil sample 50 grams add 50 milliliters of 0.25mol/L sodium oxalates (Na2C2O4), acid soil sample 50 grams, add 50 milliliters in 0.5mol/L NaOH (NaOH), in conical flask, add 250 milliliters in water, add dispersant, left standstill after shaking up 2 hours, shake conical flask, bottleneck is put a little funnel, is placed on the electric hot plate and heats, little boiling 1 hour, in boiling part, to often shake conical flask, in case grogs deposition bottle bear building-up becomes lump.
Described a kind of method that improves washed off soil, described preparation suspension: place big funnel at 1 liter of graduated cylinder, put the sieve of washing in 0.025 millimeter in an aperture thereon, after treating the suspension cooling, fully shake conical flask, the grogs of sinking is scattered in the suspension, suspension is washed sieve by 0.25 millimeter to be flow in 1 liter of graduated cylinder, the grogs of staying in the conical flask is used for all pouring in the sieve, grogs in the sieve is shampooed lightly with the rubber tip glass rod and water flushing, directly washes the water that flows down in the sieve no longer till the muddiness, should note simultaneously being sure not to make the interior liquid of graduated cylinder above 1 liter, last constant volume is 1 liter, stay in the sieve for more than or equal to 0.025 millimeter sand grains, water washes it in the aluminium box of known weight, and the aluminium box is placed on the electric hot plate baking branch that anhydrates, move in the baking oven, weigh after 6 hours 105 ℃ of bakings.
Described a kind of method that improves washed off soil, described 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio is added additive improvement washeds off soil such as bacterium chaff: when washed off soil was in 60%-80% greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition was 8 wt%-10 wt%.: when washed off soil was in 40%-60% greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition was 3 wt%-5 wt%; When washed off soil is in 40% when following greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition is 1.5 wt%-2.5 wt%.
Described a kind of method that improves washed off soil, described bacterium chaff compound additive is evenly mixed by mass ratio 355:97:38 by bacterium chaff, natural pond slag and the fulvic acid through decomposition.
Advantage of the present invention and effect are:
1. can increase the water holding capacity of washed off soil.The present invention utilizes additive improvement washeds off soil such as bacterium chaff, natural pond slag according to the desertification situation of washed off soil, owing to bacterium chaff, natural pond slag can improve soil organic matter content because cellulose and the lignin of having degraded are arranged, therefore increased retention capacity of soil;
2. can replenish the washed off soil nutritional labeling.The bacterium chaff contains a large amount of nutriments, as trace elements such as protein, amino acid, mushroom polysaccharide and iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium and vitamin etc., some nutritional labeling even be higher than primary compost, the natural pond slag is rich in N, P, K etc. and trace element, these nutriments can improve the nutritional deficiency phenomenon of soil, increase soil and fertilizer;
3. this method is with low cost simultaneously, practical application feasibility height.The additive wide material sources, low price, this additive adds and does not have engineeredly simultaneously, also do not need final-period management, so the present invention is with low cost, in actual applications the feasibility height.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
According to the sand grains ratio of 0.025 millimeter of hydrometer method mensuration washed off soil, washed off soil is 10 kilograms, is 6.8 kilograms greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains, adds bacterium chaff compound additive, and addition is 0.8 kilogram.The bacterium chaff compound additive that adds comprises bacterium chaff, natural pond slag and fulvic acid, evenly mixes by 355:97:38, and its content is: 0.58 kilogram of decomposition bacterium chaff, 0.16 kilogram of natural pond slag, 0.06 kilogram of fulvic acid.
Its embodiment:
1, measures the sand grains ratio of 0.025 millimeter of washed off soil according to hydrometer method.
(1), claims sample: take by weighing by 2 millimeters sieve aperture soil samples 50 and restrain in 500 milliliters of conical flasks;
(2), disperse grogs: according to P in soil H, select following dispersant respectively for use: calcareous soil sample 50 grams add 60 milliliters of 0.5mol/L sodium phosphates (Na3PO4); Neutral soil sample 50 grams add 50 milliliters of 0.25mol/L sodium oxalates (Na2C2O4), and acid soil sample 50 grams add 50 milliliters in 0.5mol/L NaOH (NaOH).In conical flask, add 250 milliliters in water, add dispersant, left standstill after shaking up 2 hours.Shake conical flask, bottleneck is put a little funnel, is placed on the electric hot plate and heats, little boiling 1 hour.In boiling part, to often shake conical flask, in case grogs deposition bottle bear building-up becomes lump.
(3), preparation suspension: place big funnel at 1 liter of graduated cylinder, put the sieve of washing in 0.025 millimeter in an aperture thereon, after treating the suspension cooling, fully shake conical flask, the grogs of sinking is scattered in the suspension, suspension is washed sieve by 0.25 millimeter flow in 1 liter of graduated cylinder, the grogs of staying in the conical flask is used for all pouring in the sieve, grogs in the sieve is shampooed lightly with the rubber tip glass rod and water flushing, directly washes the water that flows down in sieving no longer till the muddiness.Should note simultaneously being sure not to make the interior liquid of graduated cylinder above 1 liter.Last constant volume is 1 liter.Stay in the sieve for more than or equal to 0.025 millimeter sand grains, water washes it in the aluminium box of known weight, and the aluminium box is placed on the electric hot plate baking branchs that anhydrate, and moves in the baking oven, weighs after drying by the fire 6 hours at 105 ℃.
(4), the result calculates: greater than 0.025 millimeter grain size content (%)=m
1/ m*100, in the formula: m is the weight (gram) of oven-dried soil, m
1For more than or equal to 0.025 millimeter grade oven-dried soil weight (gram);
2, washed off soil is 10 kilograms, is 6.8 kilograms greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains, adds bacterium chaff compound additive, and addition is 0.8 kilogram.
3, a kind of method that improves washed off soil, the bacterium chaff compound additive of interpolation comprises bacterium chaff, natural pond slag and fulvic acid, evenly mixes by 355:97:38, its content is: 0.58 kilogram of decomposition bacterium chaff, 0.16 kilogram of natural pond slag, 0.06 kilogram of fulvic acid.
Embodiment 2:
According to the sand grains ratio of 0.025 millimeter of hydrometer method mensuration washed off soil, washed off soil is 10 kilograms, is 4.0 kilograms greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains, adds bacterium chaff compound additive, and addition is 0.5 kilogram.The bacterium chaff compound additive that adds comprises bacterium chaff, natural pond slag and fulvic acid, evenly mixes by 355:97:38, and its content is: 0.36 kilogram of decomposition bacterium chaff, 0.10 kilogram of natural pond slag, 0.04 kilogram of fulvic acid.
Its embodiment:
1, measures the sand grains ratio of 0.025 millimeter of washed off soil according to hydrometer method.
(1), claims sample: take by weighing by 2 millimeters sieve aperture soil samples 50 and restrain in 500 milliliters of conical flasks;
(2), disperse grogs: according to P in soil H, select following dispersant respectively for use: calcareous soil sample 50 grams add 60 milliliters of 0.5mol/L sodium phosphates (Na3PO4); Neutral soil sample 50 grams add 50 milliliters of 0.25mol/L sodium oxalates (Na2C2O4), and acid soil sample 50 grams add 50 milliliters in 0.5mol/L NaOH (NaOH).In conical flask, add 250 milliliters in water, add dispersant, left standstill after shaking up 2 hours.Shake conical flask, bottleneck is put a little funnel, is placed on the electric hot plate and heats, little boiling 1 hour.In boiling part, to often shake conical flask, in case grogs deposition bottle bear building-up becomes lump.
(3), preparation suspension: place big funnel at 1 liter of graduated cylinder, put the sieve of washing in 0.025 millimeter in an aperture thereon, after treating the suspension cooling, fully shake conical flask, the grogs of sinking is scattered in the suspension, suspension is washed sieve by 0.25 millimeter flow in 1 liter of graduated cylinder, the grogs of staying in the conical flask is used for all pouring in the sieve, grogs in the sieve is shampooed lightly with the rubber tip glass rod and water flushing, directly washes the water that flows down in sieving no longer till the muddiness.Should note simultaneously being sure not to make the interior liquid of graduated cylinder above 1 liter.Last constant volume is 1 liter.Stay in the sieve for more than or equal to 0.025 millimeter sand grains, water washes it in the aluminium box of known weight, and the aluminium box is placed on the electric hot plate baking branchs that anhydrate, and moves in the baking oven, weighs after drying by the fire 6 hours at 105 ℃.
(4), the result calculates: greater than 0.025 millimeter grain size content (%)=m
1/ m*100, in the formula: m is the weight (gram) of oven-dried soil, m
1For more than or equal to 0.025 millimeter grade oven-dried soil weight (gram);
2, washed off soil is 10 kilograms, is 4.0 kilograms greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains, adds bacterium chaff compound additive, and addition is 0.5 kilogram.
3, a kind of method that improves washed off soil, the bacterium chaff compound additive of interpolation comprises bacterium chaff, natural pond slag and fulvic acid, evenly mixes by 355:97:38, its content is: 0.36 kilogram of decomposition bacterium chaff, 0.10 kilogram of natural pond slag, 0.04 kilogram of fulvic acid.
Embodiment 3:
According to the sand grains ratio of 0.025 millimeter of hydrometer method mensuration washed off soil, washed off soil is 10 kilograms, is 2.0 kilograms greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains, adds bacterium chaff compound additive, and addition is 0.2 kilogram.The bacterium chaff compound additive that adds comprises bacterium chaff, natural pond slag and fulvic acid, evenly mixes by 355:97:38, and its content is: 0.14 kilogram of decomposition bacterium chaff, 0.04 kilogram of natural pond slag, 0.02 kilogram of fulvic acid.
Its embodiment:
1, measures the sand grains ratio of 0.025 millimeter of washed off soil according to hydrometer method.
(1), claims sample: take by weighing by 2 millimeters sieve aperture soil samples 50 and restrain in 500 milliliters of conical flasks;
(2), disperse grogs: according to P in soil H, select following dispersant respectively for use: calcareous soil sample 50 grams add 60 milliliters of 0.5mol/L sodium phosphates (Na3PO4); Neutral soil sample 50 grams add 50 milliliters of 0.25mol/L sodium oxalates (Na2C2O4), and acid soil sample 50 grams add 50 milliliters in 0.5mol/L NaOH (NaOH).In conical flask, add 250 milliliters in water, add dispersant, left standstill after shaking up 2 hours.Shake conical flask, bottleneck is put a little funnel, is placed on the electric hot plate and heats, little boiling 1 hour.In boiling part, to often shake conical flask, in case grogs deposition bottle bear building-up becomes lump.
(3), preparation suspension: place big funnel at 1 liter of graduated cylinder, put the sieve of washing in 0.025 millimeter in an aperture thereon, after treating the suspension cooling, fully shake conical flask, the grogs of sinking is scattered in the suspension, suspension is washed sieve by 0.25 millimeter flow in 1 liter of graduated cylinder, the grogs of staying in the conical flask is used for all pouring in the sieve, grogs in the sieve is shampooed lightly with the rubber tip glass rod and water flushing, directly washes the water that flows down in sieving no longer till the muddiness.Should note simultaneously being sure not to make the interior liquid of graduated cylinder above 1 liter.Last constant volume is 1 liter.Stay in the sieve for more than or equal to 0.025 millimeter sand grains, water washes it in the aluminium box of known weight, and the aluminium box is placed on the electric hot plate baking branchs that anhydrate, and moves in the baking oven, weighs after drying by the fire 6 hours at 105 ℃.
(4), the result calculates: greater than 0.025 millimeter grain size content (%)=m
1/ m*100, in the formula: m is the weight (gram) of oven-dried soil, m
1For more than or equal to 0.025 millimeter grade oven-dried soil weight (gram).
2, washed off soil is 10 kilograms, is 2.0 kilograms greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains, adds bacterium chaff compound additive, and addition is 0.2 kilogram.
3, a kind of method that improves washed off soil, the bacterium chaff compound additive of interpolation comprises bacterium chaff, natural pond slag and fulvic acid, evenly mixes by 355:97:38, its content is: 0.14 kilogram of decomposition bacterium chaff, 0.04 kilogram of natural pond slag, 0.02 kilogram of fulvic acid.
Claims (6)
1. method that improves washed off soil, it is characterized in that, described method comprises following process: the sand grains ratio of measuring 0.025 millimeter of washed off soil according to hydrometer method, when washed off soil was in 60%-80% greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition was 8 wt%-10 wt%; When washed off soil was in 40%-60% greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition was 3 wt%-5 wt%; When washed off soil is in 40% when following greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition is 1.5 wt%-2.5 wt%; Described bacterium chaff compound additive is evenly mixed by mass ratio 355:97:38 by bacterium chaff, natural pond slag and the fulvic acid handled through decomposition.
2. a kind of method that improves washed off soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described sand grains ratio of measuring 0.025 millimeter of washed off soil according to hydrometer method: comprise claiming sample, dispersion grogs, preparation suspension, result of calculation; It claims sample: restrain in 500 milliliters of conical flasks for taking by weighing by 2 millimeters sieve aperture soil samples 50; Result of calculation: for greater than 0.025 millimeter grain size content (%)=m
1/ m*100, in the formula: m is the weight (gram) of oven-dried soil, m
1For more than or equal to 0.025 millimeter grade oven-dried soil weight (gram).
3. a kind of method that improves washed off soil according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described dispersion grogs: according to P in soil H, select following dispersant respectively for use: calcareous soil sample 50 grams add 60 milliliters of 0.5mol/L sodium phosphates (Na3PO4); Neutral soil sample 50 grams add 50 milliliters of 0.25mol/L sodium oxalates (Na2C2O4), acid soil sample 50 grams, add 50 milliliters in 0.5mol/L NaOH (NaOH), in conical flask, add 250 milliliters in water, add dispersant, left standstill after shaking up 2 hours, shake conical flask, bottleneck is put a little funnel, is placed on the electric hot plate and heats, little boiling 1 hour, in boiling part, to often shake conical flask, in case grogs deposition bottle bear building-up becomes lump.
4. a kind of method that improves washed off soil according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described preparation suspension: place big funnel at 1 liter of graduated cylinder, put the sieve of washing in 0.025 millimeter in an aperture thereon, after treating the suspension cooling, fully shake conical flask, the grogs of sinking is scattered in the suspension, suspension is washed sieve by 0.25 millimeter to be flow in 1 liter of graduated cylinder, the grogs of staying in the conical flask is used for all pouring in the sieve, grogs in the sieve is shampooed lightly with the rubber tip glass rod and the water flushing, directly wash in the sieve water that flows down no longer till the muddiness, should notice simultaneously being sure not to make that liquid surpasses 1 liter in the graduated cylinder, last constant volume is 1 liter, stays the sand grains more than or equal to 0.025 millimeter that is in the sieve, water washes it in the aluminium box of known weight, the aluminium box is placed on the electric hot plate baking branchs that anhydrate, moves in the baking oven, weigh after drying by the fire 6 hours at 105 ℃.
5. a kind of method that improves washed off soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio is added additive improvement washeds off soil such as bacterium chaff: when washed off soil was in 60%-80% greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition was 8 wt%-10 wt%; When washed off soil was in 40%-60% greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition was 3 wt%-5 wt%; When washed off soil is in 40% when following greater than 0.025 millimeter sand grains ratio, bacterium chaff compound additive addition is 1.5 wt%-2.5 wt%.
6. a kind of method that improves washed off soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described bacterium chaff compound additive is evenly mixed by mass ratio 355:97:38 by bacterium chaff, natural pond slag and the fulvic acid through decomposition.
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| CN103894396A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-07-02 | 华南理工大学 | Method for treating heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN104249077A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2014-12-31 | 福建农林大学 | Molybdenum polluted soil leaching remediation method |
| CN106583443A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-04-26 | 青岛理工大学 | Method capable of synchronously treating biogas residues and pesticide polluted soil |
| CN108568448A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-25 | 武汉中地金盾环境科技有限公司 | A kind of vehicle-mounted heavy-metal contaminated soil movable type magnetic enrichment purification outfit |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103894396A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-07-02 | 华南理工大学 | Method for treating heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN103894396B (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-01-20 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of method of administering heavy-metal contaminated soil |
| CN104249077A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2014-12-31 | 福建农林大学 | Molybdenum polluted soil leaching remediation method |
| CN106583443A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-04-26 | 青岛理工大学 | Method capable of synchronously treating biogas residues and pesticide polluted soil |
| CN108568448A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-25 | 武汉中地金盾环境科技有限公司 | A kind of vehicle-mounted heavy-metal contaminated soil movable type magnetic enrichment purification outfit |
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