CN103239256B - Virtual X-ray imaging method and virtual X-ray imaging system for human body bone joint - Google Patents
Virtual X-ray imaging method and virtual X-ray imaging system for human body bone joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN103239256B CN103239256B CN201310206705.4A CN201310206705A CN103239256B CN 103239256 B CN103239256 B CN 103239256B CN 201310206705 A CN201310206705 A CN 201310206705A CN 103239256 B CN103239256 B CN 103239256B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a virtual X-ray imaging method and a virtual X-ray imaging system for a human body bone joint. The method comprises the steps that computed tomography (CT) is conducted on a targeted limb; the limb is converted into a data set formed by coordinates of a volume unit and an X-ray absorption rate; a course that a ray reaches an imaging plain through the limb is simulated by a numerical algorithm; visualization treatment is conducted on a numerical result; a gray level image that can be identified by a human eye is generated; and the result is outputted. For orthopedic and radio-diagnosis doctors, X-ray images generated by projection to the limb from any angles can be generated; the orthopedic and radio-diagnosis doctors can be assisted in learning X-ray anatomy, and establishing cognition connection between a three-dimensional structure and a two-dimensional image; for a radiographer, influences of different shooting parameters and a body position of an examined person on final imaging can be simulated; the method and the system contributes to learning a radiography technology of the radiographer; and for a special disease, the method and the system can assist in screening the optimal X-ray radiography body position and the angle for clinical reference.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Medical Imaging, particularly the virtual x-ray formation method in a kind of human bone joint and system.
Background technology
It is important method in bone and joint diseases diagnostic imaging that x-ray takes the photograph sheet.Although the orthopedics diagnosis that develops into of the medical imaging technologies such as computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides new approach, the information that traditional x-ray plain film image provides still has irreplaceability.In addition, the imaging of x-ray plain film has that image definition is high, amount of radiation is little, cheap, simple and quick, can under heavy burden the advantage such as inspection, be therefore still current clinical indispensable detection methods.
X-ray plain film image in a perspective fashion the institutional framework superposition in ray penetration direction is projected on a two dimensional surface, and the image of different structure is overlapped, and the two and three dimensions outward appearance intrinsic with it has bigger difference.Beginner has certain difficulty often in study, needs to spend the plenty of time to understand the feature of the x-ray image of different parts, and the cognition of setting up between itself and human body three-dimensional anatomical structure contacts.In addition, learner is often confined to the inspection image of some conventional orientation for the cognition of x-ray image, and as anterioposterior and lateral film, axle bit slice etc., and the image of other irradiating angles often lacks study material.
Secondly, the position of those who are investigated, takes the photograph sheet angle, focus-film distance, a thing pitch of fins, and many setting the such as magnitude of voltage, milliampere-second value has remarkable impact to the generation of image.Observing and understanding these impacts often needs to repeat to carry out x-ray to human body and takes the photograph sheet, and not only cost is high, trivial operations, increases radiation and takes in, and can easily not carry out adjustment in real time and observe, and is difficult to implement in reality.
One can adjust arbitrarily acquisition parameters, the instrument of real-time Simulation x-ray imaging, and learner can be helped to learn x-ray anatomy and photography method in directly perceived, mutual mode.Meanwhile, for some Uncommon Diseases, take the photograph sheet by what simulate different shooting angle and position, can be used for exploring its x-ray photography method be applicable to, instruct clinical imaging examination.
Therefore, be badly in need of a set ofly can simply efficiently carrying out virtual x-ray formation method and imaging system thereof.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide that a kind of structure is simple, cost is low and can from the arbitrarily angled method and system that carry out throwing in real time according to imaging target limbs.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
An object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The virtual x-ray formation method in human bone joint provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
S1: obtain image data by carrying out CT scan to target limbs;
S2: finite elements division is carried out to target limbs and is converted into target limbs data set;
S3: the locus that virtual bulb and imaging plane are set;
S4: imaging region is selected or locus map function in target limbs data centralization;
S5: the quantized values decaying to the intensity reaching imaging plane after calculating ray sends from virtual bulb through limbs;
S6: carry out visualization processing to quantized values, converts the discernible gray level image of human eye to and Output rusults.
Further, described target limbs data set comprises volume unit three-dimensional coordinate and x-ray absorptivity, and described target limbs data set is four-dimensional character matrix.
Further, in described step S3, the locus of virtual bulb and imaging plane is freely arranged according to actual needs in space.
Further, can show the one or more bone block of target limbs data centralization in described step S4, hide or locus map function.
Further, described step S5 comprises the radiation parameters of X-ray when arranging virtual image, and described radiation parameters comprises magnitude of voltage and milliampere-second value.
Two of object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The virtual x-ray imaging system in human bone joint provided by the invention, comprises data-reading unit, limbs digitlization reconstruction unit, limbs data set manipulation unit, the visual and output unit of virtual image manipulation unit, virtual image computing unit and x-ray image;
Described data-reading unit, for being connected with Medical CT checkout facility data-interface, reads the CT scan data of target limbs;
Described limbs digitlization reconstruction unit, for processing limbs view data and finite elements division, is formed with the data set of volume unit arrangement;
Described limbs data set manipulation unit, for carrying out segmentation of structures to limbs data set, and shows bone block, hides or locus map function;
Described virtual image manipulation unit, for arranging locus and the radiation parameters of virtual bulb and imaging plane;
Described virtual image computing unit, for calculating the quantized values of virtual ray by the intensity of limbs arrival imaging plane;
Visual and the output unit of described x-ray image, for converting the discernible gray level image of human eye to and Output rusults by quantized values.
Further, described limbs data set is the four-dimensional character matrix be made up of volume unit three-dimensional coordinate and x-ray absorptivity.
Further, also comprising bone block space mover unit, described bone block space mover unit, to go forward side by side row space evolution for selecting one or more bone block.
Further, also comprise bone block and be chosen to picture subelement, described bone block is chosen to picture subelement, for selecting one or more bone block and by selected bone block at limbs data centralization show or hide.
Further, also comprise analog parameter and arrange subelement, described analog parameter arranges subelement, and x-ray bombardment parameter during for arranging virtual image, described radiation parameters comprises magnitude of voltage and milliampere-second value.
The invention has the advantages that: osteoarticular for human body CT scan data reconstruction is formed the data set be made up of coordinate and the x-ray absorptivity of volume unit by virtual x-ray formation method of the present invention; Arrived the process of imaging plane through limbs by numerical algorithm simulation ray; By visualization processing, numerical result is converted to the discernible grayscale image of human eye and Output rusults.By adjusting the position of virtual bulb and imaging plane, can simulate from space arbitrarily angled, with different focus-film distances and a thing pitch of fins, x-ray being carried out to target limbs and throwing according to imaging.By the adjustment of logarithm value algorithm, difference can be simulated and take the photograph the impact of sheet parameter on final image.Take the photograph sheet parameter and comprise magnitude of voltage (Kv), milliampere-second value (mAs) etc.
System also can be split and three-dimensional reconstruction bone structure based on CT value simultaneously.By choosing, in overall imaging, one or more bone block can be hidden, or independent imaging is carried out to bone block; Can handle after bone block carries out locus adjustment (as simulation joint motion) and carry out virtual image.Virtual image under user can use same CT data set to obtain the change of limbs various body positions.
The invention provides the virtual x-ray formation method in human bone joint and system.For orthopedist or radiodiagnosis doctor, the present invention can generate and limbs be thrown to the x-ray image shining and produce from arbitrarily angled, and help its study x-ray anatomy, the cognition of setting up between three-dimensional structure and bidimensional image contacts.For radiologic technologist, the present invention can simulate different acquisition parameters and those who are investigated's position to the impact (as magnitude of voltage and exposure, focus-film distance and image fault etc.) of final imaging, and contributing to its study takes the photograph sheet skill; For special disease (as the fracture of some specific type, deformity etc.), the present invention the x-ray of assisting sifting the best can take the photograph sheet position and angle, for clinical reference.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is virtual image floor map;
Fig. 2 is virtual image schematic perspective view;
Fig. 3 simulates different projection angle, focus-film distance and a thing pitch of fins;
Fig. 4 is optionally virtual image;
Fig. 5 is human body Bones and joints virtual x-ray formation method flow chart;
Fig. 6 is the virtual x-ray imaging system figure of human body Bones and joints.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment only in order to the present invention is described, instead of in order to limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is virtual image floor map, Fig. 2 is virtual image schematic perspective view, Fig. 3 simulates different projection angle, focus-film distance and a thing pitch of fins, in figure, L1 represents a thing pitch of fins, and L2 represents focus-film distance, Fig. 4 is optionally virtual image, Fig. 5 is human body Bones and joints virtual x-ray formation method flow chart, as shown in the figure: the virtual x-ray formation method in human bone joint provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
The virtual x-ray formation method in human bone joint provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
S1: computer X-ray tomography thin layer scanning (i.e. CT) is carried out to target limbs and obtains limbs view data;
S2: limbs finite elements is divided, is converted into the data set be made up of the three-dimensional coordinate of volume unit and x-ray absorptivity;
S3: the locus that virtual bulb and imaging plane are set;
S4: to select imaging region or the operation such as locus conversion in limbs data centralization, this step can according to actual conditions choice for use;
S5: the quantized values decaying to the intensity reaching imaging plane after being sent from virtual bulb by simulation algorithm calculating ray through limbs;
S6: carry out visualization processing to quantized values, converts the discernible gray level image of human eye to and Output rusults.
Fig. 6 is the virtual x-ray imaging system figure of human body Bones and joints.As shown in the figure, present embodiments provide the virtual x-ray imaging system in a kind of human bone joint, comprise the visual and output unit of data-reading unit, limbs digitlization reconstruction unit, limbs data set manipulation unit, virtual image manipulation unit, virtual image computing unit, x-ray image, bone block space mover unit, bone block be chosen to arrange subelement as subelement and analog parameter.
Described data-reading unit, for being connected with Medical CT checkout facility data-interface, reads the CT scan data of target limbs;
Described limbs digitlization reconstruction unit, for processing limbs view data and finite elements division, is formed with the data set of volume unit arrangement;
Described limbs data set manipulation unit, for carrying out segmentation of structures to limbs data set, and shows bone block, hides or locus map function;
Described virtual image manipulation unit, for arranging locus and the radiation parameters of virtual bulb and imaging plane;
Described virtual image computing unit, for calculating the quantized values of virtual ray by the intensity of limbs arrival imaging plane;
Visual and the output unit of described x-ray image, for converting the discernible gray level image of human eye to and Output rusults by quantized values.
Described limbs data set is the four-dimensional character matrix be made up of volume unit three-dimensional coordinate and x-ray absorptivity.
Described bone block space mover unit, to go forward side by side row space evolution for selecting one or more bone block.
Described bone block is chosen to picture subelement, for selecting one or more bone block and by selected bone block at limbs data centralization show or hide.
Described analog parameter arranges subelement, x-ray bombardment parameter during for arranging virtual image, and described radiation parameters comprises and irradiates magnitude of voltage (Kv), milliampere-second value (mAs) etc.
The thin layer scanning of clinical definition refers to that Scan slice thickness is at 5mm and following tomoscan.In this example, in order to ensure the quality of virtual image, the precision of scanning need being improved, making Scan slice thickness and layer apart from reaching 1mm or following.Its layer thicknesses refers to the thickness of scanning slice, and layer is apart from the distance referred between two-layer center.
The angle of the roentgen radiation x in the present embodiment is not unique, and the position of virtual bulb and imaging plane can freely be arranged in space, thus obtains from the arbitrarily angled virtual x-ray image carrying out throwing photograph to target limbs.This function can be realized by the virtual image manipulation unit of native system.Virtual image manipulation the unit threedimensional model of display-object limbs and area of space at place thereof in interactive graphic interface, operator can manipulate virtual bulb in interface and imaging plane is freely laid in space; Have parameterized interface simultaneously, show the information of the distance of virtual bulb and imaging plane and limbs, angle etc., carry out quantified controlling for operator.
In the present embodiment, system is by CT scan and three-dimensionalreconstruction, whole limbs is divided into limited volume unit and then builds data set.The number of volume unit and volume depend on resolution ratio and the thickness of CT scan.Such as, the resolution ratio of CT faultage image is w*h, is l in the axial number of plies, then the number n=w*h*l of the volume unit of whole limbs division.Each volume unit comprises four values: the coordinate value x, y, z in its space, and the absorption coefficient μ to x-ray.
If volume unit U represents, then whole limbs data set is expressed as form:
Wherein, the n-th data are expressed as U
n(X
n, Y
n, Z
n, μ
n), n is positive integer.Simulate by the quantized values of the intensity of limbs arrival imaging plane the imaging process that x-ray takes the photograph sheet by calculating virtual ray in the present embodiment.Virtual ray is with initial strength I
0send from virtual bulb, through the absorption of m volume unit in target limbs, finally with decay intensity I
1arrive imaging plane.Volume unit is defined as { U1, U2 ... Um}, the x-ray absorptivity of its correspondence is { μ
1, μ
2..., μ
m, then:
After the decay intensity I1 of every bar virtual ray all calculates, the quantized values set { I1} of imaging plane can be obtained; By visualization processing, numerical value is converted to gray level image, virtual x-ray image can be obtained.
The major function of native system: by adjusting the position of virtual bulb and imaging plane, can simulate from space arbitrarily angled, carries out X-ray photographic with different focus-film distances and a thing pitch of fins to target limbs.By to virtual adjustment of taking the photograph sheet algorithm, difference can be simulated and take the photograph the impact of sheet parameter on final image, as magnitude of voltage (Kv), milliampere-second (mAs) etc.Can split bone structure based on CT value, three-dimensional reconstruction; By choosing, independent virtual imaging can be carried out for one or more bone block.Meanwhile, bone block can be handled and carry out locus adjustment (as simulation joint motion), more capable virtual x-ray imaging, the virtual image under user can use same CT data set to obtain the different position chanP of limbs.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification to the present invention and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (7)
1. the virtual x-ray formation method in human bone joint, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step S1: thin-layer CT scanning is carried out to target limbs and obtains image data, the Scan slice thickness of described thin-layer CT scanning and layer are apart from reaching 1mm or following;
Step S2: by splitting and three-dimensional reconstruction bone structure based on CT value, carries out finite elements division to target limbs and forms the target limbs data set be made up of volume unit three-dimensional coordinate and x-ray absorptivity;
Step S3: the locus that virtual bulb and imaging plane are set;
Step S4: imaging region is selected or locus map function in target limbs data centralization;
Step S5: the quantized values decaying to the intensity reaching imaging plane after calculating ray sends from virtual bulb through the imaging region of limbs collection selection;
Step S6: carry out visualization processing to quantized values, converts the discernible gray level image of human eye to and Output rusults;
In described step S3, the locus of virtual bulb and imaging plane is freely arranged according to actual needs in space;
Can show the one or more bone block of target limbs data centralization in described step S4, hide or locus map function, virtual image is carried out after can also handling bone block simulation joint motion, and simulate various body positions and be transformed into picture, the lower same CT data set of virtual image use of various body positions conversion obtains;
Described step S5 comprises the radiation parameters of X-ray when arranging virtual image, and described radiation parameters comprises magnitude of voltage and milliampere-second value.
2. the virtual x-ray formation method in human bone joint according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the target limbs data set in described step S2 is four-dimensional character matrix.
3. the imaging system utilizing the virtual x-ray formation method in the human bone joint described in claim 1 to form, is characterized in that: comprise the visual and output unit of data-reading unit, limbs digitlization reconstruction unit, limbs data set manipulation unit, virtual image manipulation unit, virtual image computing unit and x-ray image;
Described data-reading unit, for being connected with Medical CT checkout facility data-interface, reads the CT scan data of target limbs;
Described limbs digitlization reconstruction unit, for processing limbs view data and finite elements division, is formed with the data set of volume unit arrangement;
Described limbs data set manipulation unit, for carrying out segmentation of structures to limbs data set, and shows bone block, hides or locus map function;
Described virtual image manipulation unit, for arranging locus and the radiation parameters of virtual bulb and imaging plane; Described virtual image computing unit, for calculating the quantized values of virtual ray by the intensity of limbs arrival imaging plane;
Visual and the output unit of described x-ray image, for converting the discernible gray level image of human eye to and Output rusults by quantized values.
4. imaging system according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described limbs data set is the four-dimensional character matrix be made up of volume unit three-dimensional coordinate and x-ray absorptivity.
5. imaging system according to claim 3, is characterized in that: also comprise bone block space mover unit, described bone block space mover unit, to go forward side by side row space evolution for selecting one or more bone block.
6. imaging system according to claim 3, is characterized in that: also comprise bone block and be chosen to picture subelement, described bone block is chosen to picture subelement, for selecting one or more bone block and by selected bone block at limbs data centralization show or hide.
7. imaging system according to claim 3, is characterized in that: also comprise analog parameter and arrange subelement, and described analog parameter arranges subelement, and x-ray bombardment parameter during for arranging virtual image, described radiation parameters comprises magnitude of voltage and milliampere-second value.
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| CN112998807A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2021-06-22 | 瑟西纳斯医疗技术有限责任公司 | System and method for placing a medical device in a bone |
| CN106205268B (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2022-07-22 | 上海健康医学院 | X-ray analog camera system and method |
| CN109580630B (en) * | 2018-11-10 | 2022-02-18 | 东莞理工学院 | Visual inspection method for defects of mechanical parts |
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