CN103237962B - 带有滑动槽和止动件的滑动式凸轮系统 - Google Patents

带有滑动槽和止动件的滑动式凸轮系统 Download PDF

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CN103237962B
CN103237962B CN201180058215.3A CN201180058215A CN103237962B CN 103237962 B CN103237962 B CN 103237962B CN 201180058215 A CN201180058215 A CN 201180058215A CN 103237962 B CN103237962 B CN 103237962B
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sliding cam
shaft system
cam shaft
locking groove
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CN103237962A (zh
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安德烈亚斯·内德尔
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Fifth Schaeffler Investment Management & CoKg GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F01L2013/0052Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction with cams provided on an axially slidable sleeve
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21Elements
    • Y10T74/2101Cams
    • Y10T74/2102Adjustable

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

一种带有滑动式凸轮(1)的滑动式凸轮系统,所述滑动式凸轮抗相对转动地但能轴向滑移地布置在基轴上,优选布置在用作活塞往复式内燃机的凸轮轴的轴上;滑动式凸轮系统还具有带有至少一个能移出的致动销(6)的、优选能电磁操作的、用于借助与致动销(6)配合作用的滑移槽(3)在滑动式凸轮的周面上调整滑动式凸轮到不同的轴向位置的装置,其中,调整装置(5)位置固定地布置在内燃机的构件上;并且滑动式凸轮系统还具有用于在不同的轴向位置上止动滑动式凸轮(1)的装置,其中,止动装置具有至少各一个配属给轴向位置的凹部,其中,凹部构造为在滑动式凸轮(1)的周面上的止动槽(2),并且其中,滑移槽(3)的移入和移出区域位于两个相邻的止动槽(2)的平面上。

Description

带有滑动槽和止动件的滑动式凸轮系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种带有滑动式凸轮的滑动式凸轮系统,所述滑动式凸轮抗相对转动地但能轴向滑移地布置在基轴上,优选布置在用作活塞往复式内燃机的凸轮轴的轴上;滑动式凸轮系统具有带有至少一个能移出的致动销的、优选能电磁操作的、用于借助与致动销配合作用的滑移槽在滑动式凸轮的周面上调整滑动式凸轮到不同的轴向位置的装置,其中,调整装置位置固定地布置在内燃机的构件上;并且滑动式凸轮系统还具有用于在不同的轴向位置上止动滑动式凸轮的装置,其中,止动装置具有至少各一个配属给轴向位置的凹部。
背景技术
这种类型的滑动式凸轮系统由EP-0798451A1公知。这种系统的滑动式凸轮在轴上通过滑移槽如下地滑移,即,并排地定位的、不同行程的凸轮盘通过操作元件相应地控制换气阀。为了止动在不同轴向的、相应地凸轮盘相对于操作元件的校准的位置上的滑动式凸轮而在轴和滑动式凸轮之间设置有止动装置,所述止动装置由轴中的钻孔连同在那里所布置的弹簧、止动体以及在滑动式凸轮的内周面处所配属的凹部组成。
由于钻孔而使轴在滑动式凸轮的各个区域中都弱化了,从而引起对轴的不可忽视的损害,该轴由较大的变换力负载。
此外,在这种类型的滑动式凸轮系统中出现的问题是:在致动器或致动销与滑移槽之间的公差链成比例地变大。这导致了用于致动销的很大的移入区域以及因此很宽的滑动式凸轮。
此外,在致动销和滑移槽之间需要不可忽视的轴向力,以便滑移止动中的滑动式凸轮,其中,止动体必须经由凹部的侧壁克服弹簧的力来运动。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务是改进上述类型的滑动式凸轮系统,即,取消弹簧负载的止动装置,并且该滑动式凸轮系统可以用于活塞往复式内燃机的换气阀或气缸的小的间距。这种措施应该以简单的、低成本的方法来实现。
本发明的任务由此得以解决,即,凹部构造为在滑动式凸轮的周面上的止动槽,并且滑移槽的移入和移出区域位于两个相邻的止动槽的平面上。由此,不仅实现了滑动式凸轮的止动,也实现了其在带有调整装置的轴上的滑移。为了引入滑动式凸轮的轴向滑移,在到达滑移式凸轮的移入区域时致动销沉入到比止动槽更深的滑移槽中,从而实现了滑动式凸轮的滑移。在此,滑移槽穿过两个相邻的止动槽之间的区域。这种交叉为了滑动式凸轮在相邻的凸轮盘之间的往返运动而进行两次。在这里,也有止动槽的侧壁的一个侧向开口和一段短的、在止动槽中没有侧向引导部的距离。但是在这个阶段期间,滑移式凸轮位于凸轮行程的基圆中,也就是说,在这个区域中不操作操作元件和换气阀。由此,在这个时间点,最小的轴向力作用在滑移式凸轮上,从而用于滑动式凸轮止动的引导空隙是无害的。
由于取消了带有弹簧、止动元件、凹部以及主要是钻孔的止动装置,因此作用在致动销和滑移槽侧壁的横向力也减少了。此外,可以选择更长的滑移区域,以便同样地减小在致动销和滑移槽上的力。
以有利的方式,滑移槽的宽度和止动槽的宽度相同地构造,从而能够借助同一个致动销来接触两个槽。
致动销以有利的方式如下地布置在调整装置中,即,该致动销在通常情况下相应于调整装置的无电流状态的基础位置与止动槽或者它的侧壁有效连接,并且在移出阶段接触滑移槽。由此,仅需要简单地激活致动销。
为了将滑动式凸轮处的原材料耗费保持得很小并且以此将重量保持得很小,由呈盘状的引导轮廓来形成止动槽,所述引导轮廓布置在滑移式凸轮的基本上呈圆柱形的周向区域上。
在本发明的替选的构造方案中建议如下,即,调整装置具有止动元件,所述止动元件与止动槽有效连接。在此,止动元件以有利的方式构造为套筒,所述套筒围绕致动销。这些套筒承担滑动式凸轮在止动槽中的引导。因此如下是可能的,即,止动槽的宽度在这种情况中大于滑移槽的宽度,因为套筒具有绕致动销的一定的壁厚。
但是套筒也可以在止动槽的区域中具有侧向的削平部,所述削平部延伸直至致动销的周面。那么,槽可以具有相同的宽度。
因为套筒在致动销的前面和后面具有削平部也就是引导面,所以改进了滑动式凸轮的引导,因为由此在周向方向上给出了套筒在止动槽中的较长的引导。
通过根据本发明的构造方案,也就是说,经由止动槽的侧壁定位滑动式凸轮,位置公差和制造公差如下地减小,即,滑移槽也可以具有用于轴向运动的优化的加速度。
附图说明
参阅附图来进一步阐述本发明,在附图中简化地示出了本发明的实施例。其中:
图1示出带有两个止动槽和一个滑移槽的滑动式凸轮部段的立体图;
图2示出类似图1的在相反方向上带有一个滑移槽的立体图;
图3示出类似图2的带有一个致动销和调整装置的一部分的截段的侧视图;
图4示出相应于图3的带有移出的致动销的视图;
图5示出相应于图1和图2的另一种描述中的视图;
图6示出借助直线A-A穿过图5的剖面图;
图7示出带有调整装置和两个致动销的滑动式凸轮的视图;
图8示出相应于图7的放大了尺寸的视图;
图9示出带有致动销和套筒的调整装置的一部分的立体图。
具体实施方式
在图1至图9的详细描述中,用附图标记1来表示滑动式凸轮,如尤其在图7和图8中描述的那样,滑动式凸轮在调整区域和止动区域两侧都具有带有不同行程但相同基圆的凸轮盘。此外,滑动式凸轮1在凸轮盘之间具有止动槽2和滑移槽3。止动槽2由引导轮廓4界定,引导轮廓4从滑动式凸轮1的圆柱区域中凸出。滑移槽3加工在两个相邻的止动槽2之间,以便促成滑动式凸轮1在未示出的轴上的滑移,从而可以使凸轮盘单独地与未示出的操作元件有效连接,以便在换气阀处发动相应的上升运动。如尤其是从图4和图5中可看出的那样,滑移槽3加工在滑移式凸轮1的相对于止动槽更深的周向区域上。
此外,用附图标记5来表示调整装置(尤其是参见图7),该调整装置具有电磁操作的致动销6,致动销6持续地延伸到止动槽中,并且在后续的移出阶段中也可以附加地嵌接到滑移槽3中。在图3和图4中为了说明本发明的建议,各示出一个致动销6,而根据图7至图9调整装置5具有两个致动销6。如在图7至图9中示出的那样,套筒7包围致动销6并且伸入到止动槽2中。在根据图7至图9的实施例中,套筒7具有侧面的削平部8,其延伸直至致动销6的周面。
如从图1至图8中可看出的那样,引导轮廓4具有中断部,所述中断部允许滑移槽3从一个止动槽2到另一个止动槽2中的通行,并且允许套筒7的或致动销6的底部区域的通行。
因为滑动式凸轮1的滑移在未示出的操作元件处在滑移式凸轮1的和凸轮盘的基圆中时进行,所以中断部也配属于该周向区域。但滑动式凸轮的最小的轴向负载位于该周向区域中,从而引导轮廓的中断是没有问题的。此外,滑动式凸轮1通过滑移槽3在该区域中准确地引导。此外,通过套筒7的削平部8而在引导轮廓4处形成变长了的引导区域,从而在内燃机的静止状态下也不会由于热滑移的原因而出现问题,所述热滑移不能利用在引导轮廓4处的渐止倾斜部9来抵消。
还应该指出的是:两个带有和不带有止动元件的致动销的应用可以带来止动槽区域的宽度的减小,因为唯一的由止动元件例如套筒7或致动销6所包围的引导轮廓4(例如参见图8)足够用于滑移式凸轮1的轴向引导。
附图标记列表
1滑动式凸轮
2止动槽
3滑移槽
4引导轮廓
5调整装置
6致动销
7套筒
8削平部
9渐止倾斜部

Claims (10)

1.一种带有滑动式凸轮(1)的滑动式凸轮系统,所述滑动式凸轮抗相对转动地但能轴向滑移地布置在基轴上,所述滑动式凸轮系统还具有带有至少一个能移出的致动销(6)的、用于借助与所述致动销(6)配合作用的滑移槽(3)在所述滑动式凸轮(1)的周面上调整所述滑动式凸轮到不同的轴向位置的调整装置,其中,所述调整装置(5)位置固定地布置在内燃机的构件上;并且所述滑动式凸轮系统还具有用于在不同的轴向位置上止动所述滑动式凸轮(1)的止动装置,其中,所述止动装置具有至少各一个配属给轴向位置的凹部,其特征在于,所述凹部构造为在所述滑动式凸轮(1)的周面上的止动槽(2),并且所述滑移槽(3)的移入和移出区域位于两个相邻的止动槽(2)的平面上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的滑动式凸轮系统,其特征在于,所述滑移槽(3)布置在所述滑动式凸轮(1)的相对于所述止动槽(2)更深的周向区域内。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的滑动式凸轮系统,其特征在于,所述致动销(6)在基础位置与所述止动槽(2)有效连接,并且在移出阶段中接触所述滑移槽(3)。
4.按照权利要求1所述的滑动式凸轮系统,其特征在于,所述止动槽(2)由呈盘状的引导轮廓(4)形成。
5.按照权利要求1所述的滑动式凸轮系统,其特征在于,所述滑移槽(3)的宽度相应于所述止动槽(2)的宽度。
6.按照权利要求4所述的滑动式凸轮系统,其特征在于,所述调整装置(5)具有止动元件,所述止动元件与所述止动槽(2)有效连接。
7.按照权利要求6所述的滑动式凸轮系统,其特征在于,所述止动元件构造为套筒(7),所述套筒包围所述致动销(6)。
8.按照权利要求7所述的滑动式凸轮系统,其特征在于,所述套筒(7)在相邻于所述引导轮廓(4)的区域中具有侧向的削平部(8)。
9.按照权利要求8所述的滑动式凸轮系统,其特征在于,所述削平部(8)延伸直至所述致动销(6)的周面。
10.按照权利要求1所述的滑动式凸轮系统,其特征在于,所述的滑动式凸轮系统布置在用作活塞往复式内燃机的凸轮轴的轴上。
CN201180058215.3A 2010-12-03 2011-09-28 带有滑动槽和止动件的滑动式凸轮系统 Expired - Fee Related CN103237962B (zh)

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