CN103236278A - Method for realizing two-dimensional cold atom surface optic lattices by circular aperture array - Google Patents
Method for realizing two-dimensional cold atom surface optic lattices by circular aperture array Download PDFInfo
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- CN103236278A CN103236278A CN2013101102671A CN201310110267A CN103236278A CN 103236278 A CN103236278 A CN 103236278A CN 2013101102671 A CN2013101102671 A CN 2013101102671A CN 201310110267 A CN201310110267 A CN 201310110267A CN 103236278 A CN103236278 A CN 103236278A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing two-dimensional cold atom surface optic lattices by a circular aperture array and relates to the field of neutral cold atom laser imprison and cold atom optic lattices. The method is implemented by a laser source system, a focusing lens, a beam expanding lens, a sub-wavelength circular aperture array, two-dimensional cold atom surface optic lattices, magneto-optical trap atom optic viscose, an atom detector, a laser, a wave chopper, another focusing lens, an optical fiber and a computer system on the basis of near-field optic diffraction of the sub-wavelength circular aperture array. Laser light irradiates on the horizontally arranged sub-wavelength circular aperture and diffracts through the same, local reinforcing near optical fields distributed periodically are generated, and neutral cold atoms loaded can be effectively imprisoned, and two-dimensional cold atom surface optic lattices are realized. The method for realizing two-dimensional cold atom surface optic lattices can realize surface optic lattices of neutral cold atoms of different types, lattice constant is adjustable, principle is simple, operation is convenient, and application range is wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cold atom Optical Lattices field, refer in particular to and a kind ofly realize the method for two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice with circular hole footpath array, be applicable to the Optical Lattices of the neutral cold atom of any kind.
Background technology
In recent years, the research based on the atom optics lattice of one dimension, two and three dimensions standing wave laser field has become one of research focus in cold atom physics and the atom optics field.This technology is applied in the research to the cooling of the limited and control of cold atom and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) body, polarization gradient and dynamics, Raman cooling and adiabatic cooling, quantum transmission and the tunnel effect etc. of imprison gradually.In low-light trap array, particularly in the research of quantum information, optical lattice and atom chip, adopt the surface atom Optical Lattices to imprison neutral cold atom (or cold molecule) and have very important meaning.2002, people such as Dumke proposed to adopt microlens array to focus on the scheme that red off resonance Gaussian beam has realized the surface atom Optical Lattices, and had realized the atom optics lattice to neutral atom.2005, a kind of surface atom Optical Lattices that people such as Ji Xianming have adopted four step phase gratings and microlens array combination results.2007, open people such as talent and proposed to utilize the double-colored disappearance ripple stationary field of quadruplet laser to realize the scheme of surface atom Optical Lattices, obtained on the two-dimensional level face and be not isotropic surface atom Optical Lattices on the degree of depth.2008, we proposed a kind of scheme that adopts two cover disappearance wave interferences and a branch of blue off resonance disappearance glistening light of waves field to realize atom two dimension cold atom surface optics lattice, have obtained isotropic two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.
Though the research of atom optics lattice has obtained very large achievement, but be subjected to the influence of the diffraction of light limit, the light field characteristic dimension of traditional atom optics lattice generally can only be limited in the dimension scope of half-wavelength magnitude, thereby generally in micron dimension, so this will bring some shortcomings to fundamental research and the technical characterictic of atom optics lattice.Meanwhile, along with the continuous development of Micrometer-Nanometer Processing Technology and integrated optics, the continuous miniaturization of optical component has approached the diffraction of light limit, and this will cause suffering from bottleneck receiving the atom optics lattice of yardstick.Therefore, the various atom optics lattice technology that how to obtain to break through diffraction limit are big research focuses of current atom physical field and micronano optical.Sub-wavelength circular hole footpath near field diffraction pattern is a kind of near field optic local enhancement effect, and it has the characteristic of energy of electromagnetic field local in the nanoscale spatial dimension that breaks through diffraction limit.Thinking of the present invention is to utilize characteristic dimension less than the laser diffraction of the circular hole footpath array of wavelength, and the local that produces periodic distribution strengthens the near field light field, thereby realizes two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that realizes two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.Periodicity near field diffraction pattern light field when the present invention utilizes laser through sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array realizes the effective imprison to neutral cold atom, thereby realizes two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.The near field diffraction pattern light field has the characteristic of energy of electromagnetic field local in the spatial dimension that breaks through diffraction limit, and it is a kind of near field optical effects simultaneously, and it can make the characteristic length of atomic surface Optical Lattices reach nanometer scale.This method principle is simple, easy to operate, and favorable repeatability can realize having wide range of applications the surface optics lattice of various neutral cold atoms.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to utilize the near field diffraction pattern of sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array to realize two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.During the laser illumination levels is placed sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array, the local that diffraction produces periodic distribution strengthens the near field light field, and it can realize effectively imprison to the neutral cold atom that is loaded into, thereby realizes two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.
The concrete steps of the inventive method are:
(1) the array apparatus level installation of sub-wavelength circular hole footpath is placed in the laser light path system;
(2) regulate laser light path system, make it shine sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array apparatus from bottom to top, the local that produces periodic distribution through diffraction strengthens the near field light field;
(3) utilize laser doppler cooling and polarization gradient cooling means to realize the magneto-optic trap cold atom optics viscose glue of neutral atom;
(4) carry out cold atom and load, the cold atom of magneto-optic trap cold atom optics viscose glue is loaded in the light field of periodic distribution, form two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.
To the two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice of above-mentioned formation, can utilize the Near resonance oscillating atom of atom probe to absorb number, density and the atom distributed dimension that imaging technique is measured atom in the two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.
The circular hole of sub-wavelength described in the present invention footpath array, make by following method: adopt magnetically controlled sputter method to plate one deck noble metal (as selecting silver for use) film at the plane silicon chip, recycling femtosecond laser system of processing processes periodic sub-wavelength circular hole footpath at noble metal film, forms sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array.
Light path system is made up of light-source system, condenser lens, extender lens among the present invention; The laser beam that light-source system sends focuses on through condenser lens earlier, expands through extender lens again, forms the angle pencil of ray directional light, and vertical irradiation is to the array of sub-wavelength circular hole footpath then.
Light-source system is made up of middle laser instrument, chopper, focus lamp, optical fiber, and laser instrument is continuous laser, and operation wavelength is 780nm.
Utilize method that four utmost point magnetic wells and optics viscose glue combine to realize laser doppler cooling and the cooling of polarization gradient of neutral atom in the step (3), form magneto-optic trap cold atom optics viscose glue, the atom temperature is about 20 crack at this moment.
Cold atom loading in the step (4) is by the laser intensity of regulating the magneto-optic trap atom to be loaded under the gravity effect.
This method combines near field diffraction pattern technology and the atom imprison technology of sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array, can obtain to break through the two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice of diffraction limit.This method can be implemented in metal structure surface 100 nanometers with interior two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice, like this can be the microminiaturization of the outstanding coherence of atom and solid-state device, integratedly ideally combine, can be used for the development of further microminiaturized and integrated quantum atom chip.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 two dimension cold atom surface optics lattice device synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 light-source system synoptic diagram.
Among the figure: 1. light-source system, 2. condenser lens, 3. extender lens, 4. sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array, 5. two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice, 6. magneto-optic trap cold atom optics viscose glue, 7. atom probe, 8. laser instrument, 9. chopper, 10. condenser lens, 11. optical fiber.
Embodiment
Be example with neutral rubidium 87 atoms, but be not limited thereto.
(1) employing Finite Difference-Time Domain separating method (FDTD) simulates the shape of the sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array 4 that can realize two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice 5 among Fig. 1, and designs picture with the CORELDRAW drawing software.
(2) adopt magnetically controlled sputter method to plate one deck noble metal (as silver) film at the plane silicon chip, recycling femtosecond laser system of processing processes periodic circular hole footpath at noble metal film, processes the sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array 4 among Fig. 1.
(3) utilize support with the sub-wavelength circular hole among Fig. 1 footpath array 4 horizontal positioned, install and fix and put in place, and the noble metal film part up.
(4) light-source system 1 is made up of the laser instrument 8 among Fig. 2, chopper 9, condenser lens 10, optical fiber 11 among Fig. 1.Regulate light-source system 1, the output services wavelength is the continuous laser of 780nm, and rubidium 87 atoms are red off resonance relatively.The laser beam that light-source system 1 sends among Fig. 1 is focused through behind the condenser lens 2, form the angle pencil of ray directional light through extender lens 3 backs again, this directional light shines sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array apparatus 4 from bottom to top, and the local that produces periodic distribution through diffraction strengthens the near field light field.
(5) utilize a pair of anti-Helmholtz coils that passes to inverse current to produce one or four utmost point magnetic wells, three to (six bundle) the optics viscose glue light beam of the left and right rounding polarized light of transmission is vertical and intersect at the centre of a magnetic well each other in opposite directions, constitute a magneto-optic trap (MOT), under the effect of Doppler's cooling mechanism and polarization gradient cooling mechanism, formed magneto-optic trap rubidium 87 cold atom optics viscose glues 6, temperature about 20 is crack.
(6) by regulating the laser intensity in the magneto-optic trap optics viscose glue 6, the local that makes atom be loaded into the periodic distribution of step 4 formation under the gravity effect from magneto-optic trap rubidium 87 cold atom optics viscose glues 6 strengthens in the light field of near field, thereby forms two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice 5.
(7) to the two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice of above-mentioned formation, can utilize the Near resonance oscillating atom to absorb imaging technique, namely atom probe 7 is measured number, density and the atom distributed dimension of atom in the two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.
Claims (7)
1. method that realizes two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice with circular hole footpath array, the local that diffraction produces periodic distribution during the sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array that it is characterized in that the laser illumination levels places strengthens the near field light field, it realizes effectively imprison to the neutral cold atom that is loaded into, thereby realizes two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.
2. according to claim 1ly realize it is characterized in that the method for two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice may further comprise the steps with circular hole footpath array:
(1) the array apparatus level installation of sub-wavelength circular hole footpath is placed in the laser light path system;
(2) regulate laser light path system, make it shine sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array apparatus from bottom to top, the local that produces periodic distribution through diffraction strengthens the near field light field;
(3) utilize laser doppler cooling and polarization gradient cooling means to realize the magneto-optic trap cold atom optics viscose glue of neutral atom;
(4) cold atom in the magneto-optic trap cold atom optics viscose glue is loaded in the light field of periodic distribution, forms two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice.
3. the method that realizes two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice with circular hole footpath array according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array makes by following method: adopt magnetically controlled sputter method to plate one deck noble metal film at the plane silicon chip, recycling femtosecond laser system of processing processes periodic sub-wavelength circular hole footpath at noble metal film, forms sub-wavelength circular hole footpath array.
4. according to claim 2ly realize the method for two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice with circular hole footpath array, it is characterized in that laser light path system is made up of light-source system (1), condenser lens (2), extender lens (3).
5. the method that realizes two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice with circular hole footpath array according to claim 4, it is characterized in that light-source system (1) is made up of laser instrument (8), chopper (9), focus lamp (10), optical fiber (11), laser instrument is continuous laser, operation wavelength is 780nm, and rubidium 87 atoms are red off resonance relatively.
6. the method that realizes two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice with circular hole footpath array according to claim 2, it is characterized in that magneto-optic trap cold atom optics viscose glue makes by following method: the method for utilizing four utmost point magnetic wells and optics viscose glue to combine realizes laser doppler cooling and the polarization gradient cooling cooling of neutral atom, form magneto-optic trap cold atom optics viscose glue, this moment, the atom temperature was about 20 crack.
7. according to claim 2ly a kind ofly realize the method for two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice with circular hole footpath array, the loading that it is characterized in that two-dimentional cold atom surface optics lattice is by the laser intensity of regulating the magneto-optic trap atom to be loaded in the light field of periodic distribution under the gravity effect.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105469848A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-06 | 安徽师范大学 | System and method of constructing atom cooling-used two-dimensional nano local light field |
| CN110262045A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-20 | 天津大学 | A kind of quick method for continuously adjusting of salt free ligands two-dimension optical lattice period |
| CN112068229A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-12-11 | 中国空间技术研究院 | Structure for realizing atom trapping based on surface plasmon |
| CN113296384A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-24 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Dual light-adjustable lattice device for space light clock |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105469848A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-06 | 安徽师范大学 | System and method of constructing atom cooling-used two-dimensional nano local light field |
| CN110262045A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-20 | 天津大学 | A kind of quick method for continuously adjusting of salt free ligands two-dimension optical lattice period |
| CN110262045B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-10-02 | 天津大学 | Diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice period rapid and continuous adjusting method |
| CN112068229A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-12-11 | 中国空间技术研究院 | Structure for realizing atom trapping based on surface plasmon |
| CN112068229B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-03-04 | 中国空间技术研究院 | Structure for realizing atom trapping based on surface plasmon |
| CN113296384A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-24 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Dual light-adjustable lattice device for space light clock |
| CN113296384B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-04-08 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Dual light-adjustable lattice device for space light clock |
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