CN103235298B - Based on microwave relevance imaging system and the formation method of thinned array - Google Patents
Based on microwave relevance imaging system and the formation method of thinned array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of microwave relevance imaging system based on thinned array and formation method, mainly solve prior art imaging effect when radar antenna and target do not have non-static fields relative motion poor, the problem that resolution is low.This system comprises: emitting antenna (1), target (2), receiver (3) and signal processor (5), emitting antenna (1) is made up of thinned array antenna, each array element is launched different microwave coded signals and is formed microwave radiation field in space non-coherent addition, by this microwave radiation field, irradiation is carried out to target (2) and produce target scattering echo, store the microwave radiation field (4) on target (2) surface, receiver (3) adopts single antenna, single channel receiving target scatter echo; The target scattering echo that receiver (3) receives and the microwave radiation field (4) prestored are processed by signal processor (5), obtain the imaging of target.The present invention can when radar antenna and target have non-static fields relative motion, realize to target without fuzzy, super-resolution imaging, can be used for forward looking airborne radar, ball carry the super-resolution imaging of radar to target.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Radar Technology field, relate to microwave relevance imaging system and formation method, can be used for thinned array antenna structure, the acquisition process of signal and optimization algorithm application.
Technical background
The scheme utilizing entangled photon pairs to realize Quantum Correlation imaging is that Soviet Union scholar David Nikolaevich Klyshko proposed first in theory in 1988.Change the entangled photon pairs that SPDC process produces under the people such as Shi Yanhua, T.B.Pittman of Univ Maryland-Coll Park USA utilize Spontaneous Parametric in nineteen ninety-five, in conjunction with coincidence measurement technology, achieve a kind of Quantum Correlation imaging and interference.2004, gondola Lugiato group proposed theoretically and utilizes common Classical thermal light source also can realize relevance imaging.2005, the counterfeit thermo-optical that Shi Yanhua group uses the incident frosted glass of laser to produce completed the relevance imaging experiment of first thermal light source.2006, Shi Yanhua group achieved lensless relevance imaging first.2011 Shi Yanhua groups achieve and utilize the relevance imaging in solar radiation source to test.With tangle compared with the relevance imaging of source, thermal light source relevance imaging emissive source produces simple, and signal stabilization degree is high, easilier applies in Practical Project.
Based on the brand-new information theory that the data acquisition of sparse constraint and redundancy presentation and signal reconstruction theory are nearly difference of growing up for 30 years and classical Shannon information theory, demonstrate huge application potential in fields such as compressed sensing CS.The extensive work of the famous scholars of multidigit such as D.Donoho, E.Candes and Terence Tao mathematically Strict Proof when far below the nyquist sampling limit, use compressed sensing sampling can high probability reconstruct target information.Compressed sensing sampling request target has sparse characteristic or target has sparse characteristic under some presentation, and the limited equidistant characteristics RIP of its detection matrix demand fulfillment.In true imaging, sparse characteristic meets than being easier to, and gaussian random matrix, Bernoulli Jacob's stochastic matrix and Teoplitz stochastic matrix etc. have all been proved to be and meet limited equidistant characteristics RIP condition.At present, compressive sensing theory develops to fields such as comprising medical imaging, chnnel coding, recognition of face, communication, Hyper spectral Imaging, radar and life science and obtains many achievements in research.
As mentioned above, Quantum Correlation imaging is from using entangled light source at first, and afterwards with counterfeit thermal light source, day light source realization, it was feasible for illustrating that the classical signals source not possessing Quantum Properties realizes relevance imaging.But because light signal penetration power is weak, be easily subject to the natural environment influences such as air, be difficult to realize the round-the-clock imaging of round-the-clock, and in radar system, use microwave signal as transmitting, the round-the-clock imaging of round-the-clock can be realized; In collection and process, microwave signal has ripe acquisition and processing chip, than entangled light source with counterfeit thermal light source system is easier builds; The key adopting microwave signal to realize relevance imaging is the microwave field of random fluctuation when realizing simulating light field empty, existing method is on the basis building large-scale traditional surface antenna, the microwave radiation field of random fluctuation when radiation gaussian random signal realizes sky, system complexity is very high.
Compressive sensing theory, as the brand-new information theory proposed in recent years, all demonstrates huge application potential in a lot of fields, but it is also fewer in the applied research in microwave relevance imaging field.
Prior art is not when radar antenna and target have non-static fields relative motion, and imaging effect is poor, and resolution is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency for above-mentioned prior art, a kind of microwave relevance imaging system based on thinned array and formation method are proposed, relevance imaging theory be extended to microwave regime from optics and utilize compressive sensing theory to solve corresponding problem, improving imaging effect and resolution.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is based on the microwave relevance imaging system of thinned array, comprise: emitting antenna 1, target 2, receiver 3 and signal processor 5, the microwave radiation field utilizing emitting antenna 1 to produce carries out target 2 irradiating the scatter echo producing target, store the corresponding microwave radiation field 4 in target 2 surface, the scatter echo of receiver 3 receiving target, the target scattering echo that receiver 3 receives and the microwave radiation field 4 prestored are processed by signal processor 5, obtain the imaging of target, it is characterized in that:
Described emitting antenna 1, adopt the thinned array antenna be made up of the sparse arrangement of multiple array element, each array element is launched different microwave coded signals and is formed microwave radiation field in space non-coherent addition, random fluctuation characteristic when this microwave radiation field has counterfeit thermal light emission field empty;
Described receiver 3, adopts single antenna, single.
As preferably, the present invention is based on the microwave relevance imaging system of thinned array, it is characterized in that, the adjacent two array element distance d of emitting antenna 1 meet
wherein λ is the wavelength of signal;
As preferably, the present invention is based on the microwave relevance imaging system of thinned array, it is characterized in that, the microwave radiation field that emitting antenna 1 produces is to the resolution element sum N of the irradiation number of times M of target 2 much smaller than target 2, wherein N=P × Q, P is the horizontal resolution element number of target 2, and Q is the longitudinal resolution unit number of target 2.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is based on the microwave relevance imaging method of thinned array, comprise the steps:
1) radiation field matrix Φ and the scatter echo vector y of target is obtained;
2) sparse basis array Ψ is selected according to the distribution characteristics of target in space;
3) radiation field matrix Φ is multiplied with selected sparse basis array Ψ, obtains calculation matrix Θ=Φ Ψ;
4) by scatter echo vector form y=Θ α+ε, wherein ε is white Gaussian noise vector, solves following formula and obtains sparse coefficient vector α:
Wherein ‖ ‖
ω, 1for weighting L1 norm, be expressed as:
|| represent the modulus value of getting plural number, sparse coefficient vector α=[ζ
1, ζ
2..., ζ
n..., ζ
n]
h∈ C
n × 1, H represents the conjugate transpose of vector, and C represents complex number space; [ω
1, ω
2..., ω
n..., ω
n]
t∈ R
n × 1for given non-negative weight vector, T represents the transposition of vector, and R represents real number space; ‖ ‖
2for L2 norm, γ is the constant relevant with noise level;
5) sparse coefficient vector α step 4 tried to achieve substitutes into formula x=Ψ α, solves the backscattering coefficient vector x of target;
6) the backscattering coefficient vector x of target is rearranged to the matrix corresponding with target sizes P × Q, utilizes the matrix imaging obtained after resetting, namely obtain the imaging of target.
Compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages in the present invention:
A) imaging system of the present invention do not need radar antenna and target to have high-resolution imaging that non-static fields relative motion just can obtain target, radar antenna and target is needed to have non-static fields relative motion with existing synthetic-aperture radar SAR technology, the high-resolution imaging obtaining target through accumulating the larger aperture of synthesis is for a long time compared, equipment use amount is few, and system complexity is low;
B) imaging system joint objective scatter echo of the present invention and radiation field data carry out imaging to target, only utilize target scattering echo data to carry out compared with imaging to target with existing radar imaging technology of staring, the target imaging effect obtained better, resolution is higher;
C) imaging system of the present invention use penetration power strong, be not easy to be subject to the microwave signal of the natural environment influences such as air as transmitting, use light signal as compared with transmitting with existing thermo-optical relevance imaging technology, the round-the-clock imaging of round-the-clock can be realized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the microwave relevance imaging system schematic that the present invention is based on thinned array;
Fig. 2 is three peacekeeping two-dimensional representation of counterfeit thermal light emission field;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is in adjacent two array element distance of emitting antenna
in situation, three peacekeeping two-dimensional representation of microwave radiation field;
Fig. 4 be the present invention in the adjacent two array element distance d=40 λ situations of emitting antenna, three peacekeeping two-dimensional representation of microwave radiation field;
Fig. 5 is the microwave relevance imaging method flow diagram that the present invention is based on thinned array;
Fig. 6 is the Real profiles of target;
Fig. 7 is with the simulation result of formation method of the present invention to Fig. 6.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with each accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, is exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, and only for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
With reference to figure 1, microwave relevance imaging system based on thinned array of the present invention, comprise emitting antenna 1, target 2, receiver 3 and signal processor 5, wherein, emitting antenna 1 is made up of thinned array antenna, each array element is launched different microwave coded signals and is formed microwave radiation field in space non-coherent addition, this microwave radiation field carries out irradiation to target 2 and produces target scattering echo, store the corresponding microwave radiation field 4 in target 2 surface, receiver 3 receiving target scatter echo, the target scattering echo that receiver 3 receives and the microwave radiation field 4 prestored are processed by signal processor 5, obtain the imaging of target.
Described receiver 3 adopts single antenna, single channel receiving mode, for receiving microwave radiation field to the target scattering echo produced after target illumination.
Described signal processor 5 adopts at a high speed, the computing machine of large internal memory, for the treatment of target scattering echo and radiation field data, and the imaging of realize target.
Described emitting antenna 1 adopts bidimensional thinned array antenna, and this bidimensional thinned array antenna adopts rectangular array pattern, but is not limited to this structure, and it is provided with 25 array elements, is evenly distributed in rectangular surfaces; The adjacent two array element distance d of thinned array antenna meet
this example is got but is not limited to d=40 λ, and wherein λ is signal wavelength.Each array element is launched but is not limited to the superposition of the microwave coded signal of frequency accidental change
i=1,2 ..., 25 represent different array element, and wherein L is given constant, f
ilfor the frequency of microwave coded signal, this frequency is along with change random variation within the scope of 0-1GHz of l.
The microwave coded signal that each array element is launched
the microwave radiation field produced in space non-coherent addition is expressed as:
random fluctuation characteristic when this microwave radiation field S (t) has counterfeit thermal light emission field empty.
The feature that microwave radiation field S (t) that this example produces has is explained by the following drawings and is illustrated:
Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b) are three peacekeeping two-dimensional representation of counterfeit thermal light emission field, as can be seen from Figure 2, and random fluctuation characteristic when this radiation field has well empty;
Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) is in adjacent two array element distance of emitting antenna with the present invention
in situation, three peacekeeping two-dimensional representation of microwave radiation field S (t), contrast can see with Fig. 2, and during the microwave radiation field shown in Fig. 3 empty, random fluctuation characteristic is poor;
Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b) uses the present invention in the adjacent two array element distance d=40 λ situations of emitting antenna, three peacekeeping two-dimensional representation of microwave radiation field S (t), contrast can see with Fig. 3, due to the sparse arrangement of transmitting antenna array, i.e. adjacent two array element distance
make when with identical array number composition transmitting antenna array, during the microwave radiation field of generation empty, random character strengthens; Contrast can see with Fig. 2, the microwave radiation field shown in Fig. 4 have similar to counterfeit thermal light emission field empty time random fluctuation characteristic.
With reference to Fig. 5, the present invention is based on the microwave relevance imaging method of thinned array, comprise the steps:
Step 1, obtains radiation field matrix Φ and the scatter echo vector y of target:
1.1) with microwave radiation field S (t) produced, target P × Q is irradiated, wherein P and Q represents the transverse and longitudinal resolution element number of target respectively, in each irradiation, do statistical study to microwave radiation field S (t), it again being arranged is a row vector φ
mand store, φ
m∈ C
1 × N, wherein N=P × Q is the resolution element sum of target, and C represents complex number space; Receiver receiving target scatter echo signal, stores after the target scattering echoed signal summation received, is designated as r
m, r
m∈ C
1 × 1it is a scalar;
1.2) after microwave radiation field S (t) irradiates M time to imageable target, by vectorial φ
mwith scalar r
mform radiation field matrix respectively
with scatter echo vector y=[r
1, r
2..., r
m..., r
m]
h, wherein H represents conjugate transpose, m=1,2 ..., M, M are much smaller than N.
Step 2, select sparse basis array Ψ according to the distribution characteristics of imageable target in space:
When target is sparse distribution in space, then selection unit's matrix is as sparse basis array Ψ;
When target is non-sparse distribution in space, then select discrete cosine transform or wavelet transform DWT matrix as sparse basis array Ψ.
Step 3, is multiplied radiation field matrix Φ with selected sparse basis array Ψ, obtains calculation matrix Θ=Φ Ψ.
Step 4, by scatter echo vector form y=Θ α+ε, wherein ε is white Gaussian noise vector, solves following formula and obtains sparse coefficient vector α:
Wherein ‖ ‖
ω, 1for weighting L1 norm, be expressed as:
|| represent the modulus value of getting plural number, sparse coefficient vector α=[ζ
1, ζ
2..., ζ
n..., ζ
n]
h∈ C
n × 1, H represents the conjugate transpose of vector, and C represents complex number space; [ω
1, ω
2..., ω
n..., ω
n]
t∈ R
n × 1for given non-negative weight vector, get here but be not limited to vector of unit length, namely getting each element and be 1:[ω
1, ω
2..., ω
n..., ω
n]
t=[1,1 ..., 1 ..., 1]
t, T represents the transposition of vector, and R represents real number space;
Wherein ‖ ‖
2for L2 norm, γ is the constant relevant with noise level, gets γ=var (ε), and var () is for getting the variance of noise vector;
Here signal to noise ratio snr=10log (e is defined
y/ e
ε), wherein e
yfor the average energy value of scatter echo vector y, e
εfor the average energy value of white Gaussian noise vector, be respectively:
wherein y=[r
1, r
2..., r
m..., r
m]
h, ε=[σ
1, σ
2..., σ
m..., σ
m]
h.
Step 5, sparse coefficient vector α step 4 tried to achieve substitutes into formula x=Ψ α, solves the backscattering coefficient vector x of target.
Step 6, is rearranged to the matrix corresponding with target sizes P × Q by the backscattering coefficient vector x of target, utilizes the matrix imaging obtained after resetting, namely obtains the imaging of target.
The theoretical analysis that the present invention is based on the microwave relevance imaging method energy realize target imaging of thinned array is as follows:
Radiation field matrix Φ described in step 1 is obtained by microwave radiation field S (t), and when this microwave radiation field S (t) has counterfeit thermal light emission field empty, random fluctuation characteristic, makes the radiation field matrix Φ of acquisition have the random character of Gaussian distribution;
Known with reference to compressive sensing theory, due to the distribution character of the sparse basis array Ψ not influence matrix Φ that step 2 is selected, when radiation field matrix Φ has the random character of Gaussian distribution, calculation matrix Θ=Φ the Ψ obtained by step 3, meet the limited equidistant characteristics RIP in compressive sensing theory, namely for a positive integer S, there is a constant δ
s, make calculation matrix Θ can ensure as lower inequality is set up:
wherein δ
smeet 0 < δ
s< 1, β is any vector that degree of rarefication is no more than S, namely contains S nonzero value at most in vectorial β, ‖ ‖
2represent the L2 norm of vector;
Calculation matrix Θ meets the limited equidistant characteristics RIP in compressive sensing theory, can ensure that the formation method of this example realizes correct, reliable target imaging.
The imaging effect of this example formation method can be further illustrated by following simulation result:
1. simulated conditions
Consider the uniform rectangular array emitter antenna be made up of 25 array elements, each array element launches above-mentioned microwave coded signal
i=1,2 ..., 25, other parameters are: carrier frequency f
c=3GHz, carrier wavelength lambda=c/f
c, wherein c is the light velocity, adjacent two array element distance d=40 λ, signal bandwidth B=1GHz, the distance R between emitting antenna and target
c=1000m, receiver adopt single antenna, single, selection unit's matrix as sparse basis array Ψ, signal to noise ratio snr=10dB, the Rayleigh diffraction limit under this configuration
2. emulate content
Under described simulated conditions, test as follows:
Fig. 6 is the Real profiles of target 20m × 20m, and in figure, the interval of 4 bar targets is respectively 1m, 2m and 4m, is approximately 4 times that exceed Rayleigh diffraction limit, 2 times and 1 times.
With the microwave radiation field of this example to Fig. 6 target illumination 200 times, carry out simulation imaging with the formation method of this example to Fig. 6, simulation result as shown in Figure 7.
As can be seen from the simulation result of Fig. 7, utilize the microwave radiation field of this example and corresponding imaging algorithm can compared with the super-resolution imaging realizing exceeding Rayleigh diffraction limit under low signal-to-noise ratio, although there are some assorted noises in imaging results, the global feature of target and detailed information are all high-visible.
To sum up, this simulating, verifying correctness of the present invention, realizability and reliability.
Claims (3)
1., based on a microwave relevance imaging method for thinned array, comprise the steps:
1) radiation field matrix Φ and the scatter echo vector y of target is obtained;
2) sparse basis array Ψ is selected according to the distribution characteristics of target in space;
3) radiation field matrix Φ is multiplied with selected sparse basis array Ψ, obtains calculation matrix Θ=Φ Ψ;
4) by scatter echo vector form y=Θ α+ε, wherein ε is white Gaussian noise vector, solves following formula and obtains sparse coefficient vector α:
Wherein || ||
ω, 1for weighting L1 norm, be expressed as:
|| represent the modulus value of getting plural number, sparse coefficient vector α=[ζ
1, ζ
2..., ζ
n..., ζ
n]
h∈ C
n × 1, H represents the conjugate transpose of vector, and C represents complex number space; [ω
1, ω
2..., ω
n..., ω
n]
t∈ R
n × 1for given non-negative weight vector, T represents the transposition of vector, and R represents real number space; || ||
2for L2 norm, γ is the constant relevant with noise level;
5) sparse coefficient vector α step 4 tried to achieve substitutes into formula x=Ψ α, solves the backscattering coefficient vector x of target;
6) the backscattering coefficient vector x of target is rearranged to the matrix corresponding with target sizes P × Q, utilizes the matrix imaging obtained after resetting, namely obtain the imaging of target.
2., as claimed in claim 1 based on the microwave relevance imaging method of thinned array, it is characterized in that, step 2) described in select sparse basis array Ψ according to the distribution character of target in space, carry out as follows:
When target is sparse distribution in space, then selection unit matrix is as sparse basis array Ψ;
When target is non-sparse distribution in space, then select discrete cosine transform or wavelet transform DWT matrix as sparse basis array Ψ.
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the microwave relevance imaging method of thinned array, it is characterized in that, step 3) described in be multiplied with selected sparse basis array Ψ by radiation field matrix Φ and to obtain calculation matrix Θ=Φ Ψ, this calculation matrix Θ meets the limited equidistant characteristics RIP in compressive sensing theory, namely for a positive integer S, there is a constant δ
s, make calculation matrix Θ can ensure as lower inequality is set up:
wherein δ
smeet 0< δ
s<1, β are any vector that degree of rarefication is no more than S, namely contain S nonzero value at most in vectorial β, || ||
2represent the L2 norm of vector.
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