CN106707279A - Random frequency hopping microwave associated imaging waveform design method - Google Patents
Random frequency hopping microwave associated imaging waveform design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a random frequency hopping microwave associated imaging waveform design method. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps: 1, dividing a grid, performing uniform grid division on an imaging plane, initializing iterative parameters, and generating an initial frequency hopping code matrix; 2, deducing a radiation field, calculating an iterative random frequency hopping signal each time and a reference signal corresponding to the grid center, and forming a reference signal matrix; 3, solving a condition number of the reference matrix; 4, updating a frequency hopping code matrix; and 5, ending the technical scheme if convergence is realized, otherwise returning to the second step for iterating. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the randomness of the radiation field can be continuously improved, and the aim of improving the imaging performance is finally achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radar imaging technology field, it is related to microwave relevance imaging waveform design method, more specifically relates to
And a kind of microwave relevance imaging waveform design method based on random frequency hopping waveform.
Background technology
Microwave relevance imaging (Dongze Li, Xiang Li, Yuliang Qin, Yongqiang Cheng, and
Hongqiang Wang,“Radar Coincidence Imaging:An Instantaneous Imaging Technique
With Stochastic Signals,”IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,
Vol.52, no.4, Apr.2014) originate from optical association imaging, be it is a kind of it is new stare high-resolution imaging method, do not rely on
Radar and the relative motion of target, can form complementation with traditional radar imaging system.With traditional dependence radar and target
The Doppler effect of relative motion obtains high-resolution radar imaging method and compares, and microwave relevance imaging is used for reference classical optics and closed
The principle of picture is unified into, the radiation field with random fluctuation is formed by the modulation to detectable signal wavefront, so as to obtain surmount day
The resolution ratio in string holes footpath.Therefore, microwave relevance imaging can form complementation with traditional radar imaging method, its high score having
Distinguish, anti-intercepting and capturing, the advantage such as anti-interference make it have in fields such as static or quasi- static platform staring imaging, high-resolution earth observations
It is widely applied prospect.
Microwave relevance imaging it is a kind of be easier realize mode be by radar array launch Stochastic Modulation signal come
Two-dimensional random radiation field is formed, then completes to believe target by the association process of target scattering echo and two-dimensional random radiation field
The extraction of breath and decoupling, realize super-resolution in wave beam.Wherein, the space-time two-dimension stochastic behaviour of radiation field directly determines that microwave is closed
It is unified into the performance of picture.Ideally, the radiation field of various location is incoherent on imaging plane, is not imaged in the same time flat
It is also incoherent between the radiation field in face.But, be limited to transmitted waveform, signal bandwidth, transmitting array number, array element spacing,
The factors such as imaging sizing grid, the randomness of radiation field is unsatisfactory during actual imaging.Therefore, research is in limited radar array
The space-time two-dimension stochastic behaviour that radiation field is improved in the case of scale, signal bandwidth and imaging sizing grid is closed for improving microwave
The performance for being unified into picture has great importance.
Because the radiation field of microwave relevance imaging construction is closely related with transmitted waveform, therefore can be by transmitted waveform
Optimization design improve radiation field stochastic behaviour.At present, traditional radar waveform method for designing (Guruswamy A, Blum
R.Ambiguity optimization for frequency-hopping waveforms in MIMO radars with
arbitrary antenna separations[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2016,23(9):
1231-1235) seldom consider the optimization of radiation field, but obtained by the optimization design to radar ambiguity function and covariance matrix
Optimum waveform is obtained, the influence of the other factors such as radar array geometry, imaging mesh generation is not accounted for.
The content of the invention
The present invention is carried for the unsatisfactory problem of the space-time two-dimension stochastic behaviour of radiation field in actual microwave relevance imaging
A kind of microwave relevance imaging waveform design method based on random frequency hopping waveform is gone out.This method principle is simple, by random
The optimization design of frequency hopping waveform improves the randomness of radiation field, so as to reduce image error, improves the sane of microwave relevance imaging
Property.
Basic ideas of the invention are the non-correlation of radiation field to be weighed using the conditional number of reference signal matrix, in thunder
Up to systematic parameter, imaging geometry and imaging mesh generation it is constant in the case of, by the corresponding frequency hopping code of random frequency hopping waveform
Flexible configuration, reduction condition number, so as to improve the non-correlation of radiation field.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of random frequency hopping microwave relevance imaging waveform design method.Specifically include following
Step：
The first step：Grid division
Uniform grid division is carried out to imaging plane, orientation is located at and apart from upward grid number respectively Kx、Ky, always
Grid number be K=Kx×Ky, sizing grid determines by imaging resolution.The position vector of each grid element center constitutes set
Initialization, makes iterations i=0, T=1.Frequency hopping encoder matrix
Each elementInteger set { 0,1,2 ..., G-1 } is belonged to, G is positive integer, and G-1 represents alternative maximum frequency hopping
Code,It is the frequency hopping code of q-th subpulse that m-th array element that i ＆ lt optimization is obtained is launched.Random generator matrix C0As
Initial frequency hopping encoder matrix.
Second step：Deduce radiation field
Make iterations i=i+1.If radar array includes M transmitting array element, ith iteration is calculated m-th using following formula
The random frequency hopping signal that array element is launched in t
Wherein u () is the gate function that amplitude is 1, and Δ t is the duration for launching subpulse, and Q is transmitting subpulse number, i.e.,
The number of the frequency hopping code that each random frequency hopping signal is included, fcIt is carrier frequency, Δ f is minimum subpulse frequency interval.
The corresponding reference signal of k-th grid element center of ith iteration is calculated using formula two
WithThe position vector of respectively m-th transmitting array element and reception array element,Represent vectorAnd vector
Between Euclidean distance,Represent vectorAnd vectorBetween Euclidean distance, c be electromagnetic wave propagation speed.
According to time sampling pointTo reference signalSampled, obtained reference signalDiscrete sequence
RowAnd form reference signal matrixI.e.
3rd step：Solve the conditional number of R-matrix
To reference signal matrix ψiCarry out singular value decomposition and the non-zero singular value that will obtain is according to order from big to small
Arrangement：
Reference signal matrix ψ is calculated according to formula sixiIth iteration conditional number cond (ψi)：
4th step：Update frequency hopping encoder matrix
The object function Δ F of ith iteration is calculated using formula seveni：
ΔFi=cond (ψi)-cond(ψi-1) (formula seven)
If Δ Fi＜ 0 orThen update frequency hopping encoder matrix Ci=Ci-1, κ is one in [0,1] model
Enclose interior equally distributed random number.
5th step：Judge convergence
If continuous n times iteration does not all update frequency hopping encoder matrix, iteration terminates, and the frequency hopping that output finally gives is compiled
Code matrix, N is positive integer.Transmission signal is encoded using final frequency hopping encoder matrix, you can realize to transmitted waveform
Design；
Otherwise to current frequency hopping encoder matrix CiDisturbed, disturbance rule is：From frequency hopping encoder matrix CiIn arbitrarily select
Take a matrix elementCurrent value is deleted from set { 0,1 ..., G-1 } for frequency hopping code value
Element, then from remaining element randomly choose an element conductValue, with season T=α T, α ∈ (0,1).
Then second step is transferred to, into next iteration.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：From the angle of matrix analysis, ginseng is measured using the conditional number of reference signal matrix
The numerical stability of signal matrix is examined, conditional number reflects the randomness of radiation field and the stability of microwave relevance imaging.Pass through
To the random perturbation of frequency hopping encoder matrix, the conditional number of reference signal matrix is updated, then protected by the rule described in the 4th step
The continuous decline of conditional number is demonstrate,proved, so as to constantly improve the randomness of radiation field, the purpose for improving imaging performance is finally reached.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle flow chart of the method for the invention；
Fig. 2 is random frequency hopping signal schematic representation of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the convergence curve of the object function of waveform design method of the present invention；
Fig. 4 to Fig. 7 is the autocorrelogram that different frequency hoppings of the present invention encode corresponding transmitted waveform；
Fig. 8 to Figure 11 is the cross-correlogram that different frequency hoppings of the present invention encode corresponding transmitted waveform；
Figure 12 is relative image error of the different frequency hopping codings of the present invention under different model errors；
Figure 13 is conditional number of the different frequency hopping codings of the present invention under different subpulse numbers.
Specific embodiment
A kind of random frequency hopping microwave relevance imaging method of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 2 is random frequency hopping signal schematic representation of the present invention.The transmission signal of each transmitting array element includes Q sub- arteries and veins
Punching, each subpulse is the simple signal that one section of length is Δ t, and signal frequency is cm,qΔ f, wherein Δ f are minimum subpulse frequency
Interval, cm,qIt is frequency hopping code.Due to cm,qIt is random distribution, the transmitted waveform of difference transmitting array element has good orthogonality,
The same corresponding subpulse of array element waveform of launching is also incoherent.The random frequency hopping signals of multiple transmitting array elements transmitting can be
The radiation field of time and space random fluctuation is formed at imaging plane.
Fig. 3 is the convergence curve of the object function of waveform design method of the present invention.Abscissa represents iteration in figure
Number of times, ordinate represents reference signal matrix ψ in ith iterationiConditional number.Wherein, the carrier frequency of radar system is fc=
10GHz, transmitting array element uses ULA (Uniform Linear Array, even linear array) configuration, and transmitting array number is M=4, battle array
First spacing is 1m, and random frequency hopping signal is made up of Q=150 subpulse, during subpulse between a width of Δ t=10ns, minimum frequency hopping
Every Δ f=1MHz, G=500.Imaging plane is divided into K=10 × 10 grid, and sizing grid is 1m × 1m.Can from figure
Go out, as iterations increases, the conditional number of reference signal matrix is gradually reduced, but the speed for reducing gradually is reduced, when repeatedly
When generation number is close to 1000, conditional number change is slow, gradually restrains.Result is also indicated that in figure, although radar system parameters are constant,
But can also reach optimization reference signal matrix by changing frequency hopping encoder matrix, improve the purpose of radiation field randomness.
Fig. 4 to Fig. 7 is the autocorrelogram that different frequency hoppings of the present invention encode corresponding transmitted waveform, Fig. 8 to Figure 11
It is the cross-correlogram of the corresponding transmitted waveform of different frequency hopping codings of the present invention.Abscissa is represented and prolonged in Fig. 4 to Figure 11
Late, represented with sample number, ordinate represents normalization range value, parameter setting is consistent with the parameter setting of Fig. 3.Fig. 4 tables
Show the autocorrelogram of the corresponding transmitted waveform of random coded before optimization, Fig. 8 represents the corresponding transmitting of random coded before optimization
The cross-correlogram of waveform.After Fig. 5 represents that the autocorrelogram of the corresponding transmitted waveform of random coded after optimization, Fig. 9 represent optimization
The corresponding transmitted waveform of random coded cross-correlogram.Fig. 6 represents oneself of the corresponding transmitted waveform of Bernoulli chaos sequences
Correlation figure, Figure 10 represents the cross-correlogram of the corresponding transmitted waveform of Bernoulli chaos sequences.Fig. 7 represents Costas sequence pairs
The autocorrelogram of the transmitted waveform answered, Figure 11 represents the cross-correlogram of the corresponding transmitted waveform of Costas sequences.Can be with from figure
Find out that these four random coded sequences all have good autocorrelation performance and cross correlation, illustrate if only from transmitted waveform
Ambiguity function angle from the point of view of, four kinds of waveforms are respectively provided with good property, but the corresponding reference signal of four kinds of frequency hoppings codings
The conditional number of matrix is respectively 73.1981,40.3645,77.3571 and 72.1107, shows to encode square by the frequency hopping after optimization
Battle array has less conditional number.
Figure 12 is relative image error of the different frequency hopping codings of the present invention under different model errors.Horizontal seat in figure
Mark represents RME (Relative Modeling Error, relative model error), and ordinate represents RIE (Relative
Imaging Error, with respect to image error).Imaging uses least-squares algorithm, model error to quantify using RME,
RME is defined as RME=20log10(| | ψ | |/| | Δ ψ | |), Δ ψ represents model error.The definition of RIE is It is the target scattering coefficient that least square method is obtained, β is real target scattering coefficient.From
Fig. 6 can be seen that model error is bigger, and image error is also bigger, and RIE is with the linear relation successively decreased of increase of RME.It is right
The RIE more lower than different random coding can be seen that also has good auto-correlation and mutual without three kinds of random codeds of optimization
Correlation properties, and the conditional number of its corresponding reference signal matrix is close, so the corresponding RIE of imaging results is sufficiently close to.
The frequency hopping encoder matrix that method of the present invention optimization is obtained can reduce the conditional number of reference signal matrix, thus can obtain
Smaller image error.
Figure 13 is conditional number of the different frequency hopping codings of the present invention under different subpulse numbers.Abscissa is represented in figure
Subpulse number Q, ordinate represents the conditional number of reference signal matrix.As can be seen from the figure for four kinds of frequency hopping codings,
The increase of subpulse number can all reduce the conditional number of reference signal matrix.Because subpulse number (i.e. the quantity of frequency hopping code)
Increase, enhance the time randomness of transmission signal, also cause that the time randomness of radiation field is strengthened, be that target resolution is carried
More effective informations are supplied, and has caused the conditional number reduction of reference signal matrix.Under conditions of identical subpulse number, pass through
The conditional number of the reference signal matrix corresponding to frequency hopping coding after method optimization of the present invention is lower, so as to further test
The validity of method is demonstrate,proved.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of random frequency hopping microwave relevance imaging waveform design method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
The first step：Grid division：
If radar array includes M transmitting array element, Q is transmitting subpulse number；
Uniform grid division is carried out to imaging plane, orientation is located at and apart from upward grid number respectively Kx、Ky, total net
Lattice number is K=Kx×Ky, sizing grid determines by imaging resolution；The position vector of each grid element center constitutes set
Initialization, makes iterations i=0, T=1；Frequency hopping encoder matrixIt is every
One elementInteger set { 0,1,2 ..., G-1 } is belonged to, G is positive integer, and G-1 represents alternative maximum frequency hopping code,It is the frequency hopping code of q-th subpulse that m-th array element that i ＆ lt optimization is obtained is launched；Random generator matrix C0As initial
Frequency hopping encoder matrix；
Second step：Deduce radiation field：
Make iterations i=i+1；The random frequency hopping signal that m-th array element of ith iteration is launched in t is calculated using following formula
Wherein u () is the gate function that amplitude is 1, and Δ t is the duration for launching subpulse, fcIt is carrier frequency, Δ f is most boy's arteries and veins
Rush frequency interval；
The corresponding reference signal of k-th grid element center of ith iteration is calculated using formula two
WithThe position vector of respectively m-th transmitting array element and reception array element,Represent vectorAnd vectorBetween
Euclidean distance,Represent vectorAnd vectorBetween Euclidean distance, c be electromagnetic wave propagation speed；
According to time sampling pointTo reference signalSampled, obtained reference signalDiscrete seriesAnd form reference signal matrixI.e.
3rd step：Solve the conditional number of R-matrix：
To reference signal matrix ψiThe non-zero singular value that carry out singular value decomposition and will obtain is arranged according to order from big to small：
Reference signal matrix ψ is calculated according to formula sixiIth iteration conditional number cond (ψi)：
4th step：Update frequency hopping encoder matrix：
The object function Δ F of ith iteration is calculated using formula seveni：
ΔFi=cond (ψi)-cond(ψi-1) (formula seven)
If Δ Fi＜ 0 orThen update frequency hopping encoder matrix Ci=Ci-1, κ is one in the range of [0,1]
Equally distributed random number；
5th step：Judge convergence：
If continuous n times iteration does not all update frequency hopping encoder matrix, iteration terminates, the frequency hopping coding square that output finally gives
Battle array, N determines according to actual conditions；Using frequency hopping encoder matrix CiTransmission signal is encoded, you can realize to transmitted waveform
Design；
Otherwise to current frequency hopping encoder matrix CiDisturbed, disturbance rule is：From frequency hopping encoder matrix CiIn any choose one
Individual matrix elementCurrent value is deleted from set { 0,1 ..., G-1 } for frequency hopping code value's
Element, then randomly chooses an element conduct from remaining elementValue, with season T=α T, α ∈ (0,1)；So
After be transferred to second step, into next iteration.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109613533A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | Dual station microwave stares relevance imaging method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN110082759A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-02 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of quick high-resolution imaging processing method of random radiation radar |
| CN112784467A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-05-11 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Programmable super-surface array coding design method for radiation field generation |
| CN114859353A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-08-05 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Aperture coding imaging system modeling method and device based on radiation field equivalent measurement |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109613533A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | Dual station microwave stares relevance imaging method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN109613533B (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2020-12-25 | 中国科学技术大学 | Double-station microwave staring correlated imaging method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN110082759A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-02 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of quick high-resolution imaging processing method of random radiation radar |
| CN112784467A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-05-11 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Programmable super-surface array coding design method for radiation field generation |
| CN112784467B (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2022-05-03 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Programmable super-surface array coding design method for radiation field generation |
| CN114859353A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-08-05 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Aperture coding imaging system modeling method and device based on radiation field equivalent measurement |
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