CN103235036A - Detection apparatus and method based on electromagnetic detection signal for distinguishing inner and outer wall defects - Google Patents
Detection apparatus and method based on electromagnetic detection signal for distinguishing inner and outer wall defects Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection method based on electromagnetic detection signal for distinguishing inner and outer wall defects, which comprises the following steps: the step 1: a workpiece to be detected and a detecting coil are placed in an external partial magnetic saturation environment; the step 2: a microprocessor generates a square wave excitation signal with a certain frequency, and an excitation amplification circuit carries out a power amplification of the square wave excitation signal for excitation of a first detection coil and a second detection coil; the step 3: the first detection coil and the second detection coil in a difference mode form a differential electromagnetic sensor, and the square wave excitation signal after power amplification by the excitation amplification circuit is loaded; the step 4: signals of the difference electromagnetic sensor are picked by a differential signal amplification circuit for amplification with adaptability; the step 5: the signals after differential amplification by the differential signal amplification circuit are subjected to rectification and integral processing by an integral processing circuit for determining the defects of the workpiece to be detected. The invention is applied to distinguish inner wall/outer wall defects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing of fault in material, be specifically related to based on pick-up unit and method the electromagnetic detection signal, that can distinguish the inner wall/outer wall defective.
Background technology
EDDY CURRENT is one of method of industrial Non-Destructive Testing, the EDDY CURRENT ultimate principle: the coil that will be connected with alternating current places on the sheet metal to be measured or is enclosed within outside the metal tube to be measured.At this moment in the coil and neighbouringly will produce alternating magnetic field, make that generation is gyrate induction exchange current in the measured workpiece, be called eddy current.The distribution of eddy current and size, outside the Pass having with the size of the shape and size of coil, alternating current and frequency etc., also depend on measured workpiece conductivity, magnetic permeability, shape and size, have or not crack defect etc. with distance and the surface of coil.Thereby, keeping under the geostationary condition of other factors, measure the caused changes of magnetic field of eddy current with a detecting coil, can know the size of eddy current in the measured workpiece and phase place by inference and change, and then obtain information such as the variation of relevant conductivity, defective, material status and other physical quantitys (as shape, size etc.) or defective existence.But because eddy current is exchange current, (kelvin effect is skin effect again to have kelvin effect, when exchange current passes through conductor, electric current will concentrate on conductive surface and flow through, this phenomenon is kelvin effect, be that curtage is when conducting in conductor with the higher electronics of frequency, can be gathered in total conductor top layer, but not be evenly distributed in the sectional area of whole conductor), the length of penetration of eddy current is very shallow, only can detect the flaw indication near magnetic test coil one side (front), can't the penetration-detection material remove to detect the flaw indication of an other side (reverse side).Therefore only depend on EDDY CURRENT can not distinguish the inside and outside wall defective of material.
For this reason, patent documentation discloses " a kind of inner and outer walls of pipeline defect detecting device based on far-field eddy " (patent of invention, application publication number is CN 102313777 A), it is circumferential that it utilizes a plurality of magnetoresistance devices to cover pipeline fully, realization is to the defects detection in the complete all scopes of inner and outer walls of pipeline, but this technology for detection speed is slow, and can not distinguish identification to steel pipe inside and outside wall defective.
That another piece patent of invention discloses is a kind of " based on the recognition methods of the Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting inside and outside wall defective of alternating current-direct current resultant magnetization " (Granted publication number be CN 101216460 B), this method has related to the Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting technology that a kind of steel pipe inside and outside wall defective is distinguished, mainly be to apply direct current and AC excitation magnetic field magnetisation steel pipe simultaneously, by the a-c cycle component in the more detected magnetic leakage signal and the size of threshold values, judge that defective is at inwall or the outer wall of measured material, but this method places the inboard inconvenient flaw detection fast of tube wall with sensor, this outer sensor needs electromagnetic screen, and shield effectiveness is bad may to produce erroneous judgement.
Another piece patent of invention discloses a kind of " based on inner and outer walls of pipeline defect detecting device and the method for three leakage fields and current vortex " (application publication number CN 102798660 A), this contrive equipment is the different qualities that utilizes Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting and current vortex to detect, two kinds of methods are combined, thereby the function of inside and outside wall defective is distinguished in realization.But the hardware device many (for example being at least 50 groups eddy current sensor) that this method needs, the cost height is not suitable for promoting.
Another piece patent of invention discloses a kind of " identification of the EDDY CURRENT of steel pipe inside and outside wall defective and evaluation method under the dc magnetization " (application publication number CN 102759567 A), this method adopts through mode dc magnetization coil that steel pipe is carried out the unsaturation magnetization, utilize test coil of eddy current to pick up the electromagnetic distu information of fault location, select rational dc magnetization scope according to phase correlation, thereby detect the inside and outside wall defective and identify by phase difference, and by in setting respectively, the alarm threshold value of outer wall defective is realized in the identical damage equivalent, the consistance of outer wall defective is judged.But this invention need be carried out the unsaturation dc magnetization to material, in the actual detected, need carry out the adjustment of magnetization current according to different detected objects, and because be the differentiation of carrying out inside/outside wall defective by phase place, need be with the flaw indication rotation to required phase place, in actual detected, need to adjust more parameter, be difficult for using.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, at above-mentioned problem, the present invention proposes a kind of method detection method based on the differentiation inside and outside wall defective of electromagnetic detection signal simple, with low cost, with measured workpiece and magnetic test coil externally-applied magnetic field, make the flaw indication of reverse side under the effect of externally-applied magnetic field, also can be delivered on the magnetic test coil, thereby realize judgement internal, the outer wall defective, to solve the deficiency of prior art.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the detection method of the differentiation inside and outside wall defective based on the electromagnetic detection signal of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: measured workpiece and magnetic test coil are placed outside local magnetic saturation environment; Wherein, magnetic test coil has two, is designated as first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil respectively, and first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil are formed difference modes; This external magnetic saturated environment realizes that by permanent magnet or dc magnetization for example, form local magnetic saturation environment by two magnetising assemblies, then measured workpiece and magnetic test coil are between these two magnetising assemblies;
Step 2: by the square wave excitation signal of microprocessor generation certain frequency, and by encouraging amplifying circuit that the square wave excitation signal is carried out power amplification, so that first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil are encouraged; Wherein, this square wave excitation signal is intermediate frequency square wave excitation signal, and its frequency range is 20KHz-30KHz;
Step 3: first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil of forming difference modes constitute the differential electrical Magnetic Sensor, load by the square wave excitation signal that encourages after amplifying circuit carries out power amplification;
Step 4: pick up the signal of differential electrical Magnetic Sensor by the differential signal amplifying circuit, and carry out adaptive amplification; Described differential signal amplifying circuit can select for use differential operational amplifier to realize;
Step 5: adopt the signal after the Integral Processing circuit amplifies differential signal amplifying circuit difference to carry out rectification and Integral Processing, all extract by the positive and negative half-wave of rectification with signal, by Integral Processing AC signal is become direct current signal, to judge the defective of measured workpiece: if the waveform after the Integral Processing is a horizontal linear, then measured workpiece does not have defective; If shake upwards appears in the waveform after the Integral Processing, then measured workpiece has positive defective; If downward shake appears in the waveform after the Integral Processing, then measured workpiece has the defective of reverse side.
Wherein, described Integral Processing circuit can adopt operational amplifier to realize.
A kind of pick-up unit of the differentiation inside and outside wall defective based on the electromagnetic detection signal comprises: the microprocessor that produces the square wave excitation signal of certain frequency, the square wave excitation signal is carried out the excitation amplifying circuit of power amplification, the differential electrical Magnetic Sensor of the square wave excitation signal after the power amplification is carried out in loading by the excitation amplifying circuit, pick up the differential signal amplifying circuit of the signal of differential electrical Magnetic Sensor, signal after the amplification of differential signal amplifying circuit difference is carried out the Integral Processing circuit of rectification and Integral Processing, carry out the AD sample circuit of signal sampling, the signal of AD sample circuit is sent to communication interface and the server of server; Described microprocessor, excitation amplifying circuit, differential electrical Magnetic Sensor, differential signal amplifying circuit, Integral Processing circuit, AD sample circuit, communication interface and server electrically connect in turn.
Further, described square wave excitation signal is intermediate frequency square wave excitation signal, and its frequency range is 20KHz-30KHz.
Further, described excitation amplifying circuit adopts the category-A push-pull amplifier circuit to realize.
Further, described differential signal amplifying circuit selects for use differential operational amplifier to realize.
Further, described Integral Processing circuit can adopt operational amplifier to realize.
In the above-mentioned detection device, microprocessor produces the square wave excitation signal of certain frequency.Excitation amplifying circuit: adopt the category-A push-pull amplifier circuit, pumping signal is amplified.Differential electrical Magnetic Sensor: constituted by first magnetic test coil of forming difference modes and second magnetic test coil, load the square wave excitation signal by the excitation amplification module.Differential signal amplifying circuit: adopt the signal on the differential operational amplifier pickoff sensor, and adapt to amplification.The Integral Processing circuit: adopt operational amplifier, the signal after difference is amplified carries out rectification and Integral Processing.AD sample circuit: adopt adjustment AD to carry out signal sampling, and be sent to server by communication interface.Server (can be that PC, embedded device are realized) carries out the data processing and figure shows: server reads in data by communication interface, and carries out data computation according to the algorithm of design, and result of calculation is shown.
The present invention adopts said method and device, utilized basic EDDY CURRENT principle, magnetic test coil is passed to square wave excitation, and measured workpiece to be checked (for example ferrimagnet) and magnetic test coil placed outside magnetically saturated environment, inside and outside defective has different characteristic to the impedance influences of magnetic test coil, make integrated signal become big respectively and diminish, thereby the defective positive and negative that can distinguish material distribute.Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1 the present invention has utilized the externally-applied magnetic field environment, makes the flaw indication of measured workpiece reverse side also can be delivered on the magnetic test coil under the effect of externally-applied magnetic field; In addition, adopt operational amplifier, the signal after difference is amplified carries out rectification and Integral Processing, and the signal of this moment will increase along with the defective of inside and outside wall or reduce, and the present invention utilizes this physical phenomenon to detect just, and its method is simple, realizes easily;
Generally be that digital signal is carried out spectrum analysis in 2 prior aries, obtain maximum amplitude after the filtering DC component then, the corresponding frequency of this maximum amplitude is the feeding drive coil, and (magnetic test coil has two, forms difference modes; Its energisation mode is autoexcitation, be that these two magnetic test coils both used as drive coil, also use as magnetic test coil, therefore magnetic test coil can be described as drive coil again) the frequency of alternating current, measure the amplitude size of this frequency component then, at last the big or small threshold value with the a-c cycle component amplitude of setting of the amplitude of this frequency component is compared, the defective that draws measured workpiece at last is positioned at inwall or outer wall---and said method need be determined threshold value, calculate amplitude, and its algorithm is loaded down with trivial details; And among the present invention, signal after the difference amplification is carried out full-wave rectification and Integral Processing, only need check that then the waveform that obtains is upwards shake or shake downwards, can distinguish measured workpiece and have front or reverse side defective, thereby can distinguish the jump signal of defective more intuitively, to make things convenient for signals collecting and processing;
3 the present invention have used square wave excitation, its benefit is, it (is that square-wave signal can be regarded as by the sine wave signal of various frequencies and forms that square-wave signal can expand into unlimited a plurality of harmonic component sum, it can decompose by certain algorithm and make up), therefore one-time detection just can obtain the EDDY CURRENT field signal of a plurality of frequency signals, has broken through the single sinusoidal wave restriction that detects of traditional use;
4 the solution of the present invention are applicable to and detect workpiece arbitrarily, and namely detecting workpiece does not have shape need, can be that tubulose can be the plane also, in actual detected, only need probe designed by the reality of work shape and get final product;
The simplicity of design of 5 apparatus of the present invention and using does not need to add a lot of equipment, and its realization with low cost can conveniently be promoted.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system chart of pick-up unit of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is microprocessor circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of excitation amplifying circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of differential signal amplifying circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of Integral Processing circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of the waveform that the Integral Processing circuit obtains among the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the location diagram of magnetic test coil among the present invention with the local magnetic saturation environment of outside.
Embodiment
EDDY CURRENT is obvious to the near surface flaw recognition effect: feed alternating current for a coil, the electric current that passes through under certain condition is constant, if the close measured workpiece of coil, can induce eddy current in the workpiece, is subjected to vortes interference, and coil current can change; Because whether the size of eddy current is with having defective and difference in the workpiece, so the size that coil current changes can reflect that zero defect is arranged; In addition, have kelvin effect, detected information only can reflect the situation of measured workpiece surface or nearly surface.The present invention is directed to general electromagnetic eddy and detect the positive and negative distribution that to distinguish fault in material, and a kind of pick-up unit and method of the differentiation inside and outside wall defective based on the electromagnetic detection signal are provided, utilized the externally-applied magnetic field environment, make the flaw indication of reverse side under the effect of externally-applied magnetic field, also can be delivered on the magnetic test coil, thereby the positive and negative of judging fault in material distribute.
Now the present invention is further described with embodiment by reference to the accompanying drawings.
The pick-up unit of a kind of differentiation inside and outside wall defective based on the electromagnetic detection signal of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, comprise microprocessor, excitation amplifying circuit, differential electrical Magnetic Sensor, differential signal amplifying circuit, Integral Processing circuit, AD sample circuit, communication interface and the server that electrically connects in turn.Server (can be that PC, embedded device are realized) carries out the data processing and figure shows: server reads in data by communication interface, and carries out data computation according to the algorithm of design, and result of calculation is shown.Wherein, as shown in Figure 2, microprocessor is for generation of the square wave excitation signal of certain frequency.As shown in Figure 3, the excitation amplifying circuit carries out power amplification with square-wave signal, and to drive magnetic test coil, PA, PB receive respectively in two magnetic test coils forming difference modes.As shown in Figure 4, differential signal amplifying circuit employing differential operational amplifier picks up the signal on the differential electrical Magnetic Sensor, and adapts to amplification.As shown in Figure 5, the Integral Processing circuit adopts operational amplifier, and the signal after difference is amplified carries out rectification and Integral Processing, and the signal of this moment will increase along with the defective of inside and outside wall or reduce, and the present invention utilizes this physical phenomenon to detect just.At last, the sudden change direction of the integrated waveform that obtains according to the Integral Processing circuit of server judges that the positive and negative of fault in material distribute.Fig. 6 is the waveform after the Integral Processing processing of circuit, if there is not defective, the waveform behind the integration is a horizontal linear, if positive planar defect, shake upwards will appear in waveform, and the reverse side defective is shake downwards then, therefore can distinguish the positive and negative defective.
The detection method of the differentiation inside and outside wall defective based on the electromagnetic detection signal of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: measured workpiece and magnetic test coil are placed outside local magnetic saturation environment; Wherein, magnetic test coil has two, is designated as first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil respectively, and first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil are formed difference modes; This external magnetic saturated environment is realized by permanent magnet or dc magnetization, as shown in Figure 7, form local magnetic saturation environment by magnetising assembly 11 and magnetising assembly 12, in the local magnetic saturation environment that measured workpiece, first magnetic test coil 21 and second magnetic test coil 22 form between these two magnetising assemblies;
Step 2: by the square wave excitation signal of microprocessor generation certain frequency, and by encouraging amplifying circuit that the square wave excitation signal is carried out power amplification, so that first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil are encouraged; Wherein, this square wave excitation signal is intermediate frequency square wave excitation signal, and its frequency range is 20KHz-30KHz;
Step 3: first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil of forming difference modes constitute the differential electrical Magnetic Sensor, load by the square wave excitation signal that encourages after amplifying circuit carries out power amplification;
Step 4: pick up the signal of differential electrical Magnetic Sensor by the differential signal amplifying circuit, and carry out adaptive amplification; Described differential signal amplifying circuit can select for use differential operational amplifier to realize;
Step 5: adopt the signal after the Integral Processing circuit amplifies differential signal amplifying circuit difference to carry out rectification and Integral Processing, all extract by the positive and negative half-wave of rectification with signal, by Integral Processing AC signal is become direct current signal, to judge the defective of measured workpiece: if the waveform after the Integral Processing is a horizontal linear, then measured workpiece does not have defective; If shake upwards appears in the waveform after the Integral Processing, then measured workpiece has positive defective; If downward shake appears in the waveform after the Integral Processing, then measured workpiece has the defective of reverse side.Wherein, described Integral Processing circuit can adopt operational amplifier to realize.
The present invention adopts said method and device, utilized basic EDDY CURRENT principle, magnetic test coil is passed to square wave excitation, and measured workpiece to be checked (for example ferrimagnet) and magnetic test coil placed outside magnetically saturated environment, inside and outside defective has different characteristic to the impedance influences of magnetic test coil, make integrated signal become big respectively and diminish, thereby the defective positive and negative that can distinguish material distribute.
Although specifically show and introduced the present invention in conjunction with preferred embodiment; but the those skilled in the art should be understood that; in not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claims limits; can make a variety of changes the present invention in the form and details, be protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. based on the detection method of the differentiation inside and outside wall defective of electromagnetic detection signal, it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: measured workpiece and magnetic test coil are placed outside local magnetic saturation environment; Wherein, magnetic test coil has two, is designated as first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil respectively, and first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil are formed difference modes; This external magnetic saturated environment is realized by permanent magnet or dc magnetization;
Step 2: by the square wave excitation signal of microprocessor generation certain frequency, and by encouraging amplifying circuit that the square wave excitation signal is carried out power amplification, so that first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil are encouraged;
Step 3: first magnetic test coil and second magnetic test coil of forming difference modes constitute the differential electrical Magnetic Sensor, load by the square wave excitation signal that encourages after amplifying circuit carries out power amplification;
Step 4: pick up the signal of differential electrical Magnetic Sensor by the differential signal amplifying circuit, and carry out adaptive amplification;
Step 5: adopt the signal after the Integral Processing circuit amplifies differential signal amplifying circuit difference to carry out rectification and Integral Processing, all extract by the positive and negative half-wave of rectification with signal, by Integral Processing AC signal is become direct current signal, to judge the defective of measured workpiece: if the waveform after the Integral Processing is a horizontal linear, then measured workpiece does not have defective; If shake upwards appears in the waveform after the Integral Processing, then measured workpiece has positive defective; If downward shake appears in the waveform after the Integral Processing, then measured workpiece has the defective of reverse side.
2. detection method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step 2, described square wave excitation signal is intermediate frequency square wave excitation signal, and its frequency range is 20KHz-30KHz.
3. detection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 4, described differential signal amplifying circuit can select for use differential operational amplifier to realize.
4. detection method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step 5, described Integral Processing circuit can adopt operational amplifier to realize.
5. based on the pick-up unit of the differentiation inside and outside wall defective of electromagnetic detection signal, it is characterized in that: comprising: the microprocessor that produces the square wave excitation signal of certain frequency, the square wave excitation signal is carried out the excitation amplifying circuit of power amplification, the differential electrical Magnetic Sensor of the square wave excitation signal after the power amplification is carried out in loading by the excitation amplifying circuit, pick up the differential signal amplifying circuit of the signal of differential electrical Magnetic Sensor, signal after the amplification of differential signal amplifying circuit difference is carried out the Integral Processing circuit of rectification and Integral Processing, carry out the AD sample circuit of signal sampling, the signal of AD sample circuit is sent to communication interface and the server of server; Described microprocessor, excitation amplifying circuit, differential electrical Magnetic Sensor, differential signal amplifying circuit, Integral Processing circuit, AD sample circuit, communication interface and server electrically connect in turn.
6. pick-up unit according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described square wave excitation signal is intermediate frequency square wave excitation signal, and its frequency range is 20KHz-30KHz.
7. pick-up unit according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the realization of described excitation amplifying circuit employing category-A push-pull amplifier circuit.
8. pick-up unit according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described differential signal amplifying circuit selects for use differential operational amplifier to realize.
9. pick-up unit according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described Integral Processing circuit adopts operational amplifier to realize.
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| CN106290558A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-01-04 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of inner and outer walls of pipeline defect detecting device and detection method |
| CN107478826A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-15 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of magnetic sensor and the immunochromatography chip detecting system based on it |
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| CN113030241A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2021-06-25 | 爱德森（厦门）电子有限公司 | Device and method for distinguishing magnetic flux leakage detection signals of inner wall and outer wall of steel pipe in use |
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| CN110426450B (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2023-12-22 | 上海海事大学 | Metal multipoint crack electromagnetic flaw detection system |
| CN110887877A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-17 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Railway contact line defect detection sensor and detection method |
| CN111337567B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2023-10-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Defect type assessment method based on eddy current and magnetic flux leakage detection signal fusion |
| CN111337567A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | Defect type evaluation method based on eddy current and magnetic flux leakage detection signal fusion |
| CN114764086A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-19 | 核动力运行研究所 | Pipeline internal detection method based on eddy current detection differential permeability under bias magnetization |
| CN114764086B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2024-08-09 | 核动力运行研究所 | Pipeline internal detection method for detecting differential permeability based on eddy current under bias magnetization |
| CN113203793A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-03 | 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 | Gas-liquid two-phase detection device and method based on voice coil element |
| CN113433212A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 西安交通大学 | Uniform field excitation directional eddy current probe with strong interference resistance and detection method |
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