CN102759567B - The EDDY CURRENT identification of steel pipe inside and outside wall defect and evaluation method under DC magnetization - Google Patents
The EDDY CURRENT identification of steel pipe inside and outside wall defect and evaluation method under DC magnetization Download PDFInfo
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- CN102759567B CN102759567B CN201210247289.8A CN201210247289A CN102759567B CN 102759567 B CN102759567 B CN 102759567B CN 201210247289 A CN201210247289 A CN 201210247289A CN 102759567 B CN102759567 B CN 102759567B
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Abstract
The EDDY CURRENT identification of steel pipe inside and outside wall defect and an evaluation method under DC magnetization, the present invention discloses EDDY CURRENT identification and the evaluation method of steel pipe inside and outside wall defect under a kind of DC magnetization.The method adopts through mode DC magnetization coil to carry out unsaturation magnetization to steel pipe, test coil of eddy current is utilized to pick up the electromagnetic distu information of fault location, rational DC magnetization scope is selected according to phase correlation, thus detect inside and outside wall defect and identified by phase difference, and by setting the alarm threshold value of inside and outside wall defect respectively, realize the consistency checking of the inside and outside wall defect to identical damage equivalent.Pick-up unit must comprise phase sensitive detection module, to eliminate the interference in fault leakage magnetic field; The inventive method detection speed is fast, easily is automated, goes for the defects detection of various ferromagnetic pipeline, have more wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to EDDY CURRENT identification and the evaluation method of steel pipe inside and outside wall defect under a kind of DC magnetization.
Background technology
EDDY CURRENT is applicable to the Non-Destructive Testing of conductor material, be widely used in detection practice, initial mainly for the defects detection of nonferromagnetic material as the material such as aluminium, copper, linearly Changing Pattern between depth of defect and phase place, but by the method expansive approach when the steel tube flaw detection, because the fluctuation of steel tube surface magnetic permeability causes eddy current testing signal noise, defect information is made to be submerged and cannot to detect a flaw to it.General by applying the fluctuation of Saturation field suppression permeability, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of defect.CNS " the Steel Pipe Eddy Detection method of inspection " (GB/T 7735-2004) and machinery industry standard " bearing device Non-Destructive Testing Part VI: EDDY CURRENT " (GB/T 4730.6-2005) all relate to the method, but the basically identical phase place that causes of the signal phase of outer wall of steel pipe different depth defect lost efficacy, and therefore only can utilize amplitude index characterization Defect Equivalent.But, to find again at present when using magnetic saturation method steel pipe inner wall defect also detect by eddy current probe, and its phase place causes signal aliasing with outer wall defect is still consistent, thus makes to become technical barrier to steel pipe inside and outside wall flaw evaluation.
Chinese patent literature discloses one " recognition methods based on the Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting inside and outside wall defect of alternating current-direct current resultant magnetization ", the method relate to the Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting technology that a kind of steel pipe inside and outside wall defect is distinguished, mainly apply direct current and AC excitation magnetic field magnetisation steel pipe simultaneously, outer wall defect is utilized only to have response to DC signal component, inner wall defect is then to friendship, DC signal component all has response, thus realize the Division identification of defect, but sensor is placed in inconvenient fast flaw detection inside tube wall by the method, this outer sensor needs electromagnetic screen, shield effectiveness is bad may produce erroneous judgement.Patent documentation " a kind of inner and outer walls of pipeline defect detecting device based on far-field eddy " discloses the detection technique of another kind of steel pipe inside and outside wall defect, it relates to a kind of far-field vortex checking method, multiple magnetoresistance device is utilized to cover pipeline circumference completely, realize the defects detection in the all-round scope of inner and outer walls of pipeline, but this technology for detection speed is slow, and can not carry out Division identification to steel pipe inside and outside wall defect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide EDDY CURRENT identification and the evaluation method of steel pipe inside and outside wall defect under a kind of DC magnetization, it has, and method is simple to operate, detection speed is fast and the advantage of applicable all kinds of ferromagnetism material.
The present invention is achieved like this, and the method comprises the steps:
1, use through mode magnetizing coil to excite unifonn static magnetizing field, axial magnetized is implemented to the steel pipe of inside, effective magnetizing district, suppresses the fluctuation of steel pipe magnetic permeability;
2, utilize solid matter coil as eddy current probe, coil is connected with ac-excited electric current, vortex field is produced in the steel duct of surveyed area, eddy current probe is generally two and reversing differential connects, and tool is at regular intervals, arrange with steel pipe concentric, its internal diameter is more bigger than outer diameter of steel pipes, ensures that steel pipe walking is unobstructed;
3, eddy current probe picks up the fault location information of steel pipe to be checked, and the Magnetic Field that disturbance vortex flow field, steel tube defect place under DC magnetization causes is converted to eddy current impedance electric signal, after amplification, phase sensitive detection and A/D conversion, send into computing machine;
4, described computing machine utilizes impedance analysis software to analyze described eddy current impedance signal, due to different magnetizing coil DC excitation and eddy current probe ac-excited time, the eddy current testing signal amplitude of steel pipe inside and outside wall and phase place all can change, therefore for the identification of different levels position defect can be realized, parameter is implemented to detection and processes as follows:
(1) the ac-excited signal frequency of eddy current probe
:
According to the exciting signal frequency of the speed of travel determination eddy current probe of steel pipe to be checked, formula (1) can be utilized to calculate:
(1)
In formula,
for the steel pipe speed of travel, unit is meter per second;
(2) the exciting current of DC magnetization coil
:
With the standard rectangular groove of steel pipe inside and outside wall identical parameters for control sample defect, regulate the exciting current of DC magnetization coil
, and implement EDDY CURRENT, work as signal phase difference
time, electric current
be designated as
; Work as signal amplitude
time, electric current
be designated as
; Electric current
determine by formula (2):
(2)
(3) eddy detection system impedance signal starting phase angle
:
When DC magnetization coil magnetization electric current
for
time, adjustment System impedance signal starting phase angle
, determine by formula (3):
(3)
In formula,
for working as
inner wall defect starting phase angle when being zero, now, the phasing degree of inwall rectangular channel signal
be adjusted to 90o.
5, utilize phase place and amplitude com parison method internally, outer wall flaw indication carries out distinguishing and evaluating:
(1) inside and outside wall flaw indication is distinguished
When steel pipe to be checked is at the uniform velocity by DC magnetization coil and eddy current probe; computing machine obtains the impedance signal of defect; internal and external walls defect judges by formula (4) ~ (5): when formula (4) is set up; this signal is the generation signal of inner wall defect; when formula (5) is set up, this signal is the generation signal of outer wall defect;
(4)
(5)
In formula, according to the difference of ferromagnetism material,
be 5 ~ 10o;
for 30o;
(2) internally, outer wall flaw indication arranges alarm threshold value respectively
with
, can realize the judgement of the inside and outside wall defect of identical damage equivalent, described Defect With Eddy Current Testing works as amount determination operation, wherein
.
Feature of the present invention is also, described eddy detection system must comprise the signal condition part of phase sensitive detection, and this detection system comprises differential outer through mode eddy current probe, balanced bridge, amplification filtering conditioning, phase sensitive detection module and data acquisition transmission card, computing machine and signal processing software part.The main cause of described eddy detection system is adopted to be because fault location during enforcement DC magnetization can produce leakage field, eddy current probe fast checking is by after defect, not only contain defect information in detection signal, stray field also produces induction electromotive force in probe simultaneously, interference is caused to testing result, makes to produce erroneous judgement.Phase sensitive detection module can extract defect information, eliminates the disturbance effect in fault leakage magnetic field.
The method of the EDDY CURRENT Division identification steel pipe inside and outside wall defect based on unsaturation DC magnetization that the present invention proposes, its essence is utilize the defect conductivity of steel pipe and permeability characteristics change (outer wall defect) acting in conjunction or only permeability characteristics change (inner wall defect) act on eddy current testing signal, thus implement the Division identification of inside and outside wall defect.Even if under magnetic saturation DC magnetization, no matter outer wall defect or inner wall defect, at its fringe region, magnetic permeability is still in unsaturated state, cause magnetic permeability locally to distort, this factor makes inner wall defect be detected, and the imaginary of eddy current testing signal is much larger than real component, thus impedance diagram to show as phase place basically identical, and cannot Division identification.DC magnetization field is weakened to unsaturation magnetized area, outer wall defect is by fault location conductivity variations, the distortion of Defect Edge magnetic permeability and the acting in conjunction closing on the even magnetic permeability in defect area, under different magnetic field intensitys, the contribution of three can have rising in various degree or decline relatively, makes EDDY CURRENT impedance signal phase place change so thereupon; And inner wall defect still only defectiveness be detected because magnetizing the uneven magnetic permeability that causes and diffusing to outer wall, thus ensure that its phase place remains motionless substantially, thus inside and outside wall defect can be detected under suitable unsaturation magnetized state, and realize Division identification.
The method of the EDDY CURRENT Division identification steel pipe inside and outside wall defect based on unsaturation magnetization DC magnetization that the present invention proposes, adopt DC magnetization coil excitation static magnetic field, the signal of the inside and outside wall defect of control sample is first obtained when implementing EDDY CURRENT, rational DC magnetization scope is selected according to phase correlation, then with same detection technological parameter, EDDY CURRENT is carried out to steel pipe to be checked, thus detect inside and outside wall defect and identified by phase difference.Finally, by setting the threshold value of inside and outside wall defect respectively, realize the consistency checking of the inside and outside wall defect to identical damage equivalent.
The steel pipe eddy current detection method that the present invention proposes, breach the restriction of " magnetic saturation method " the None-identified inside and outside wall defect described in existing national standard, avoid the non-unified judge problem of original identical damage equivalent wound caused by means of only the evaluation method of signal amplitude; Meanwhile, the inventive method testing cost is low, detection speed fast, easily is automated, and owing to considering the magnetic characteristic difference of different ferromagnetic, goes for the defects detection of various ferromagnetic pipeline, have more wide application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the conventional uniform magnetic permeability of outer wall of steel pipe defect EDDY CURRENT under magnetic saturation affects viewpoint Cleaning Principle schematic diagram A.
Fig. 2 is that the conventional uniform magnetic permeability of outer wall of steel pipe defect EDDY CURRENT under magnetic saturation affects viewpoint Cleaning Principle schematic diagram B.
Fig. 3 is outer wall of steel pipe defect magnetic permeability simulation calculation distribution plan A under magnetic saturation.
Fig. 4 is steel pipe inner wall defect magnetic permeability simulation calculation distribution plan B under magnetic saturation.
Fig. 5 is that the magnetic characteristic of outer wall of steel pipe defect EDDY CURRENT under magnetic saturation affects Cleaning Principle schematic diagram A.
Fig. 6 is that the magnetic characteristic of steel pipe inner wall defect EDDY CURRENT under magnetic saturation affects Cleaning Principle schematic diagram B.
Fig. 7 is that under magnetic saturation, the inside and outside wall defect of steel pipe EDDY CURRENT distinguishes failure factors schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is detection method schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is detection method probe and signal condition structural representation.
Figure 10 is detection probe structure of the present invention and electric bridge connection diagram.
Time Figure 11 is detection width of the present invention is 1mm, the degree of depth is 0.5mm and 1mm the cutting of inside and outside wall circumference (thickness of steel pipe is 6mm), eddy current probe 3a, 3b output waveform figure when DC excitation ampere turns is 11000.
Time Figure 12 is detection width of the present invention is 1mm, the degree of depth is 0.5mm and 1mm the cutting of inside and outside wall circumference (thickness of steel pipe is 6mm), eddy current probe 3a, 3b are 10000 at DC excitation ampere turns
time output waveform figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, during steel pipe magnetic saturation method EDDY CURRENT, conventional point of view thinks that steel pipe 1 magnetizes the magnetic permeability in rear outer wall defect 2 or inner wall defect 2 ' region for being uniformly distributed, therefore according to the skin depth computing formula of EDDY CURRENT
(in formula,
for exciting signal frequency;
for steel pipe magnetic permeability;
for steel pipe conductivity), the vortex field 4 that eddy current probe 3 produces is permeable to outer wall defect 2, therefore can detect, but thick walled steel tube inner wall defect 2 ' cannot detect because vortex field 4 cannot infiltrate into this position.But the magnetic permeability simulation result of steel pipe 1 shows as shown in Figure 3,4, even if DC magnetization field H1 makes steel pipe 1 to saturated magnetization, its outer wall defect 2 and inner wall defect 2 ' fringe region magnetic permeability are still unsaturated state, and the magnetic permeability distribution of this distortion is inconsistent with conventional point of view.
As shown in Figure 5,6, when using magnetic saturation method to implement EDDY CURRENT to steel pipe 1, for outer wall defect 2, its eddy current testing signal is subject to the joint effect in non-uniformed district 5 of the indentation, there conductivity of defect, magnetic permeability change and defect close region magnetic permeability, thus realizes detecting of defect; For inner wall defect 2 ', although the vortex field 4 that detection probe produces cannot infiltrate into fault location, inner wall defect 2 ' has diffused to the outer wall of steel pipe 1 because magnetizing the uneven district 5 ' of magnetic permeability caused, affect, create eddy current testing signal by this.
Due to fully magnetized, for outer wall defect 2, active factor is the non-saturated area, local 5 of defect close region, and inner wall defect 2 ' is only the effect of magnetic permeability unevenness region 5 ', therefore cause eddy current testing signal imaginary impedance much larger than real part, thus signal phase is reached unanimity and cannot differentiate, as shown in the actual testing result of Fig. 7.Therefore by reducing the intensity of DC magnetization field H1, outer wall defect 2 is made to cause the contribution equivalent of 3 of eddy current signal influencing factors to change, thus obtain the signal being different from inner wall defect 2 ', can detect after the match at unsaturation DC magnetization like this and distinguish the inside and outside wall defect of component, forming the magnetized eddy current detection method of steel pipe 1 unsaturation.
As shown in Fig. 8,9 and 10, the unsaturation magnetization steel pipe eddy current detection method that the present invention proposes, its main implementation step is as follows:
1) use through mode magnetizing coil 6 to excite unifonn static magnetizing field, the ampere turns of coil is chosen between 2000 ~ 40000, implements axial magnetized to the steel pipe 1 of inside, effective magnetizing district;
2) utilize solid matter coil as eddy current probe 3, eddy current probe is generally two and reversing differential connects, and coil 3a and 3b is connected with ac-excited electric current, coil turn is selected in 30-100 circle, at regular intervals, arrange with steel pipe 1 concentric, its internal diameter is more bigger than steel pipe 1 external diameter;
3) test coil of eddy current 3a and 3b picks up the defect 2 or 2 ' information of steel pipe 1 to be checked, the Magnetic Field that steel pipe under DC magnetization 1 fault location disturbance vortex flow field 4 causes is converted to eddy current impedance electric signal, can be recorded as V
1, V
2, send into computing machine through phase sensitive detection 10 and A/D acquisition system 13, formation impedance real part is horizontal ordinate, imaginary impedance is the impedance diagram of ordinate;
4) described computing machine utilizes impedance analysis software to analyze described eddy current impedance signal, due to different magnetizing coil 6 DC excitation and eddy current probe 3 ac-excited time, eddy current testing signal amplitude and the phase place of steel pipe 1 defect all can change, therefore for the identification of different levels position defect can be realized, parameter is implemented to detection and processes as follows:
(1) the ac-excited signal frequency of eddy current probe
:
According to the exciting signal frequency of the speed of travel determination eddy current probe of steel pipe to be checked, formula (1) can be utilized to calculate:
(1)
In formula,
for the steel pipe speed of travel, unit is meter per second;
(2) the exciting current of DC magnetization coil 6
:
With the standard rectangular groove of steel pipe 1 inside and outside wall identical parameters for control sample defect, regulate the exciting current of DC magnetization coil 6
, and implement EDDY CURRENT, work as signal phase difference
time, electric current
be designated as
; Work as signal amplitude
time, electric current
be designated as
; Electric current
determine by formula (2):
(2)
(3) eddy detection system impedance signal starting phase angle
:
When DC magnetization coil 6 exciting current
for
time, rotatable phase adjustment module 11, adjustment System impedance signal starting phase angle
, determine by formula (3):
(3)
In formula,
for working as
inner wall defect starting phase angle when being zero, now, the phasing degree of inwall rectangular channel signal
be adjusted to 90o.
5) utilize phase place and amplitude com parison method internally, outer wall flaw indication carries out distinguishing and evaluating:
(1) inside and outside wall flaw indication is distinguished
When steel pipe 1 to be checked is at the uniform velocity by DC magnetization coil 6 and eddy current probe 3; inner-outer wall defect 2 and 2 ' judges by formula (4) ~ (5): when formula (4) is set up; this signal is the generation signal of inner wall defect 2 '; when formula (5) is set up, this signal is the generation signal of outer wall defect 2;
(4)
(5)
In formula, according to the difference of ferromagnetism material,
be 5 ~ 10o;
for 30o;
(2) externally, inner wall defect 2 and 2 ' signal arrange alarm threshold value respectively
with
, can realize the inner-outer wall defect 2 of identical damage equivalent and the judgement of 2 ', described Defect With Eddy Current Testing is when in amount determination operation
.
The probe of unsaturation magnetization steel pipe eddy detection system provided by the invention and signal condition part are as shown in Figure 10, mainly comprise through mode eddy current probe 3, electric bridge 8, signal first order amplification filtering module 9, phase sensitive detection module 10, phase adjustment block 11, signal second level amplification filtering module 12, A/D data acquisition system (DAS) 13 is formed, and wherein electric bridge 8 comprises coil 3a, 3b, arm resistance 8a and 8b.Eddy current probe 3 is fixed on feed-through coil 6 by sensor mounting plate, ensures coil and steel pipe concentric.Phase sensitive detection module 10 is mainly used in converting probe to impedance real part and imaginary signals containing the telecommunications breath of defect, simultaneously also can the interference that causes of filtering defect and magnetic leakage field signal.
Detection example: when EDDY CURRENT is implemented to steel pipe 1, through mode DC magnetization coil 6 applies the magnetizing field of some strength, steel pipe 1 utilizes pair roller 7 and 7 ' can at the uniform velocity by magnetizing coil 6 and eddy current probe 3a and 3b, computing machine determines the ac-excited signal frequency of eddy current probe according to formula (1)-(3) after obtaining defect impedance information
, DC magnetization coil exciting current
, eddy detection system impedance signal starting phase angle
, realize the detection to steel pipe 1.Detect eddy current probe 3a and 3b as shown in Figure 9.
During examinations, the movement velocity of steel pipe is 0.5m/s, calculates eddy current probe exciting signal frequency according to formula (1)
kHz, therefore may be selected to be 10kHz.The circumference cutting defect that inside and outside wall width for 6mm wall thickness steel tube is 1mm, the degree of depth is respectively 0.5mm and 1mm, works as signal phase difference
time,
for 13A; Work as signal amplitude
time,
for 9A; Electric current
determine by formula (2):
DC magnetization coil turn is 1000 circles, and therefore its ampere turns is 11000
.Inwall cutting defect is regulated according to formula (3)
for 90o, now
for 118o.
As shown in figure 11, signal is designated as the detection signal waveform that under this testing conditions, its eddy current probe 3a and 3b picks up
,
,
with
, its signal corresponding phase is designated as
,
,
with
.
For
with
, the phase relation of its signal is as follows:
In formula,
for 10o.
Therefore meet formula (4), illustrate that this signal is inner wall defect signal, with actual defects position consistency.
For
with
, the phase relation of its signal is as follows:
In formula,
for 30o.
Therefore meet formula (5), illustrate that this signal is outer wall flaw indication, with actual defects position consistency.
Further, the outer wall defect of different depth or the basis for estimation signal amplitude of inner wall defect signal are carried out, as shown in figure 11, therefore in the impedance signal region of EDDY CURRENT, zone of alarm can be set respectively, wherein zone of alarm inner wall defect alarm threshold value
be greater than inner wall defect alarm threshold value
, Division identification and the evaluation of same parameter inside and outside wall defect can be realized.
In addition, when the electric current of DC magnetization coil 6
during for 10A, its ampere turns is 10000
, as shown in figure 12, signal is designated as corresponding detection signal waveform
,
,
with
, its signal corresponding phase is designated as
,
,
with
, judge according to formula (4) and (5),
with
for inner wall defect,
with
for outer wall defect, illustrate when exciting current has fuctuation within a narrow range, the differentiation of signal is still effective, can not affect the characteristic of signal.
Claims (2)
1. the EDDY CURRENT identification of steel pipe inside and outside wall defect and evaluation method under a DC magnetization, eddy detection system must comprise the signal condition part of phase sensitive detection, this detection system comprises differential outer through mode eddy current probe, balanced bridge, amplification filtering conditioning, phase sensitive detection module and data acquisition transmission card part, phase sensitive detection module extracts defect information, eliminates the disturbance effect in fault leakage magnetic field; Further comprising the steps of:
1) use through mode magnetizing coil to excite unifonn static magnetizing field, axial magnetized is implemented to the steel pipe of inside, effective magnetizing district, suppresses the fluctuation of steel pipe magnetic permeability;
2) utilize solid matter coil as eddy current probe, coil is connected with ac-excited electric current, vortex field is produced in the steel duct of surveyed area, eddy current probe is generally two and reversing differential connects, and tool is at regular intervals, arrange with steel pipe concentric, its internal diameter is more bigger than outer diameter of steel pipes, ensures that steel pipe walking is unobstructed;
3) eddy current probe picks up the fault location information of steel pipe to be checked, and the Magnetic Field that disturbance vortex flow field, steel tube defect place under DC magnetization causes is converted to eddy current impedance electric signal, after amplification filtering, phase sensitive detection and A/D conversion, send into computing machine;
4) described computing machine utilizes impedance analysis software to analyze described eddy current impedance signal;
It is characterized in that:
(1) the ac-excited signal frequency of eddy current probe
:
According to the exciting signal frequency of the speed of travel determination eddy current probe of steel pipe to be checked, formula (1) can be utilized to calculate:
(1)
In formula,
for the steel pipe speed of travel, unit is meter per second;
(2) the exciting current of DC magnetization coil
:
With the standard rectangular groove of steel pipe inside and outside wall identical parameters for control sample defect, regulate the exciting current of DC magnetization coil
, and implement EDDY CURRENT, work as signal phase difference
time, electric current is designated as
; Work as signal amplitude
time, electric current is designated as
; Electric current
determine by formula (2):
(2)
(3) eddy detection system impedance signal starting phase angle
:
When DC magnetization coil magnetization electric current
for
time, adjustment System impedance signal starting phase angle
, determine by formula (3):
(3)
In formula,
for working as
inner wall defect starting phase angle when being zero;
Now, the phasing degree of inwall rectangular channel signal
be adjusted to 90o.
2. the EDDY CURRENT identification of steel pipe inside and outside wall defect and evaluation method under a kind of DC magnetization according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
(1) inside and outside wall flaw indication is distinguished
When steel pipe to be checked is at the uniform velocity by DC magnetization coil and eddy current probe, computing machine obtains the impedance signal of defect, internal and external walls defect judges by formula (4) ~ (5): when formula (4) is set up, this signal is the generation signal of inner wall defect, when formula (5) is set up, this signal is the generation signal of outer wall defect;
(4)
(5)
In formula, according to the difference of ferromagnetism material,
be 5 ~ 10o;
for 30o;
(2) internally, outer wall flaw indication arranges alarm threshold value respectively
with
, can realize the judgement of the inside and outside wall defect of identical damage equivalent, described Defect With Eddy Current Testing works as amount determination operation, wherein
.
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