CN103234876A - Method of obtaining characteristic parameters of aerobic composting microstructure - Google Patents
Method of obtaining characteristic parameters of aerobic composting microstructure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of obtaining characteristic parameters of an aerobic composting microstructure. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) respectively blending and sampling a composting body in an aerobic composting process at more than two time points; (2) vacuum freeze drying the obtained sample to obtain a granular sample to be measured with particle diameter smaller than 2mm; (3) detecting the median particle diameter D50 of the granular sample to be measured, and drawing a change trend chart; (4) detecting the shape factors of the granular sample to be measured, and drawing a change trend chart; (5) obtaining the average porosity of a composting micro-unit, and drawing a change trend chart; and (6) determining the thickness of an aerobic layer, and drawing a change trend chart. The method provided by the invention can be used for effectively solving the realistic problem of creation and characterization difficulty of the microstructure in the existing aerobic composting numerical simulation and mechanism research processes, and facilitating the energy saving and emission reduction in the composting process, improving the reaction mechanism research and enhancing scientific and practical engineering technology and equipment research and development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that obtains aerobic compost microstructure characterization parameter.
Background technology
According to statistics, China produces about more than 40 hundred million tons of organic solid castoff per year at present, if deal with improperly, very easily causes environmental pollution, and brings potential safety hazard.As the recycling effective way of organic solid castoff, the high temperature aerobic composting technology is widely used because of its easy, easy row, characteristics such as efficient.In China, the intensive enterprise of organic solid castoff raw material production fertilizers such as feces of livestock and poultry that utilizes of only batch production scale just exceedes thousand families.
But because also there are problems such as fermentation is inhomogeneous, generation foul gas in the complicacy of compost material yeasting, be the important channel that addresses the above problem by mathematical simulation and the mechanism research that makes up and characterize based on micromechanism.Chinese scholars about the proposition of organic solid waste aerobic compost microstructure concept from microcosmic to macroscopical reasonable annotation the biochemical Evolution Mechanism of heap body, but still lack at present a kind of effective ways that make up and characterize the aerobic compost microstructure, restricted energy-conservation, reduction of discharging, enhanced reaction of modification Mechanism Study and suitable engineering and equipment research and development.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of science, system, suitable a kind of method that obtains aerobic compost microstructure characterization parameter, can effectively characterize grain diameter under the microscopic view, particle shape, free spatial domain distributes and information such as aerobic layer thickness.
The invention provides a kind of method that obtains microstructure characterization parameter variation tendency in the aerobic composting process, may further comprise the steps:
(1) at two above time points the heap body in the aerobic composting process is carried out the mixing sampling respectively;
(2) institute's sample thief in the step (1) is carried out vacuum freeze drying, sieve then, obtain particle diameter less than the graininess testing sample of 2mm;
(3) detect the meta particle diameter D of the graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains
50, and draw with time point and meta particle diameter D
50Changing trend diagram for coordinate;
(4) detect the form factor of the graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains, and to draw with time point and form factor be the changing trend diagram of coordinate;
(5) according to the meta particle diameter D of particle diameter greater than minimum in the step (3)
50And less than meta particle diameter D maximum in the step (3)
50Principle, from each graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains, select 20 above particles, carry out freezing microtome section, obtain the microphotograph of the particle xsect of each particle diameter maximum, and utilize image analysis software to calculate the factor of porosity of each particle, the testing result of all selected particles is averaging, obtains the average pore of compost micro unit, and drafting is the changing trend diagram of coordinate with time point and average pore;
A
i: the area of i hole on the particle; N: the hole number on the particle; A
0: the particle area;
(6) utilize the particle xsect of the diameter maximum that micro ft-ir spectroscopy instrument scanning step (5) obtains, use second derivative (9 difference) and handle original spectrum, preferred and aerobic reaction contacts characteristic wave bands closely the spectrum after handling, particle radially extracts second derivative numerical value in the second derivative image upper edge of this wave band, determine aerobic layer thickness according to numerical value change, and drafting is the changing trend diagram of coordinate with time point and aerobic layer thickness.
The invention provides a kind of characterizing method that obtains the aerobic compost microstructure, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the heap body in the aerobic composting process is carried out the mixing sampling;
(2) institute's sample thief in the step (1) is carried out vacuum freeze drying, sieve then, obtain particle diameter less than the graininess testing sample of 2mm;
(3) detect the meta particle diameter D of the graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains
50
(4) detect the form factor of the graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains;
(5) from the graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains, select 20 above particle diameters to equal described meta particle diameter D
50Particle, carry out freezing microtome section, obtain the microphotograph of the particle xsect of each particle diameter maximum, and utilize image analysis software to calculate the factor of porosity of each particle, the testing result of all selected particles is averaging, obtains the average pore of compost micro unit;
A
i: the area of i hole on the particle; N: the hole number on the particle; A
0: the particle area;
(6) utilize the particle xsect of the diameter maximum that micro ft-ir spectroscopy instrument scanning step (5) obtains, use second derivative (9 difference) and handle original spectrum, preferred and aerobic reaction contacts characteristic wave bands closely the spectrum after handling, particle radially extracts second derivative numerical value in the second derivative image upper edge of this wave band, determines aerobic layer thickness according to numerical value change.
During the above " method of microstructure characterization parameter variation tendency in the acquisition aerobic composting process " or the above " obtained characterizing method of aerobic compost microstructure ", the technology path process flow diagram was seen Fig. 1.
During the above " method of microstructure characterization parameter variation tendency in the acquisition aerobic composting process " or the above " obtain characterizing method of aerobic compost microstructure ", because compost sample presents loose soil formula crumb structure, have comparatively serious agglomeration, very easily influence characterizes effect.At this problem, the present invention utilizes air as dispersion medium in step (2), compost sample is carried out vacuum freeze drying handle.
During the above " method of microstructure characterization parameter variation tendency in the acquisition aerobic composting process " or the above " obtain characterizing method of aerobic compost microstructure ", in the described step (3), described " the meta particle diameter D of the graininess testing sample that detection step (2) obtains
50" method be dynamic image analysis method, still image analytic approach or laser particle size method.
The method of described dynamic image analysis method is as follows: adopt the dynamic image analysis instrument, detect the meta particle diameter D of described graininess testing sample according to international standard ISO13322-2
50
The method of described still image analytic approach is as follows: utilize microscope to gather particle image, the combining image analysis software is added up its digital diameter (each sample detects 500 particles at least) according to international standard ISO13322-1, adopt formula (I) that digital diameter is converted into corresponding particle volume then, be horizontal ordinate with the grain-size grade that increases progressively then, be that ordinate is drawn " cumulative volume score distribution figure " with the cumulative volume mark, the particle diameter of cumulative volume mark x% place correspondence is D
x, obtain the meta particle diameter D of described graininess testing sample thus
50
Formula (I):
D
i: i grain-size grade; N
i: i the granule number that grain-size grade is interior; V
i: i the shared volume of particle that grain-size grade is interior.
The method of described laser particle size method is as follows: need to be equipped with the laser particle analyzer that maximum range is not less than 2000 μ m, detect the meta particle diameter D of described graininess testing sample according to international standard ISO13320
50, measured value is volume diameter.
During the above " method of microstructure characterization parameter variation tendency in the acquisition aerobic composting process " or the above " obtain characterizing method of aerobic compost microstructure ", in the described step (4), the method for described " form factor of the graininess testing sample that detection step (2) obtains " is dynamic image analysis method or still image analytic approach.
During the above " method of microstructure characterization parameter variation tendency in the acquisition aerobic composting process " or the above " obtained characterizing method of aerobic compost microstructure ", in the described step (4), described " form factor " was aspect ratio and sphericity.
During the above " obtains the method for microstructure characterization parameter variation tendency in the aerobic composting process ", because the gas, liquid in the micromechanism exists with the form in hole after drying, namely be the non-solid phase zone of studying in the particle so analyze hole.Therefore, the present invention chooses the freeze-drying particle that satisfies in the described particle diameter range of results of step (3) and carries out freezing microtome section in step (5), utilizes microscope photographing particle xsect, and viewport distributes, and the combining image analysis software is measured factor of porosity.
During the above " method of microstructure characterization parameter variation tendency in the acquisition aerobic composting process " or the above " obtain characterizing method of aerobic compost microstructure ", in the described step (6), when " utilizing the particle xsect of the diameter maximum that micro ft-ir spectroscopy instrument scanning step (5) obtains ", window requires as follows: see through wavelength and comprise 4000-650cm at least
-1Be difficult for deliquescence.
During the above " method of microstructure characterization parameter variation tendency in the acquisition aerobic composting process " or the above " obtain characterizing method of aerobic compost microstructure ", in the described step (6), when " utilizing the particle xsect of the diameter maximum that micro ft-ir spectroscopy instrument scanning step (5) obtains ", sweep parameter is as follows: sweep limit 4000-750cm
-1, spectral resolution 16cm
-1, pixel size 6.25 μ m * 6.25 μ m, each pixel scanning 16 times.
During the above " method of microstructure characterization parameter variation tendency in the acquisition aerobic composting process " or the above " obtain characterizing method of aerobic compost microstructure ", in the described step (6), the method of described " preferably the spectrum after handling contacting characteristic wave bands closely with aerobic reaction; particle radially extracts second derivative numerical value in the second derivative image upper edge of this wave band, determines aerobic layer thickness according to numerical value change " is as follows: by the particle outer rim to kernel pointwise extraction 2928cm radially
-1And 1136cm
-1The second derivative value at wave band place is drawn it along the change curve that fathoms, and along the inverse variation trend that fathoms, calculates aerobic layer thickness according to above-mentioned two wave band second derivatives.
2928cm
-1The wave band place represents the aliphatics methyl functional group in the compost sample, because fat compound is degraded gradually with aerobic reaction, so it is a little less than the absorption in aerobic zone should be.1136cm
-1The wave band place represents sulfate functional group, because organic sulfur is oxidized to sulfate in the composting process, so the absorption of this wave band of aerobic zone should be stronger.Observe 2928cm
-1During the second derivative at wave band place, the aerobic layer starting point be on the particle outer rim border a bit, a bit for substantially no longer descending along the second derivative that fathoms of terminal point.Observe 1136cm
-1During the second derivative at wave band place, the aerobic layer starting point be on the particle outer rim border a bit, terminal point for along the second derivative vanishing that fathoms/substantially no longer rise a bit.Each sample scans 3 particles at least, and each particle extracts 4 groups of radial information, and namely each sample extracts 12 groups of radial information at least.
The invention provides a kind of science, system, suitable structure and characterize the method for aerobic compost microstructure, can effectively characterize grain diameter under the microscopic view, particle shape, free spatial domain distributes and information such as aerobic layer thickness.Method provided by the invention has at utmost reduced the influence of physical phenomenons such as dissolving, reunion to characterization result, and has reduced the hardware requirement of analytic process, has improved method feasibility and applicability.
Social benefit of the present invention: one of major technique of high temperature aerobic composting technology and recycling treatment innoxious as feces of livestock and poultry, embodied important use value in environmental protection and Agricultural recycling economy, and compost mechanism Study of model is to optimizing the composting process parameter and realizing that composting process control in real time has great importance; Aerobic compost is the process that macroscopic view combines with microcosmic, is heap body microorganism and extraneous macroscopic conditions results of interaction, but the structure of aerobic compost microstructure characterizes the biochemical Evolution Mechanism of reasonable annotation heap body; According to statistics, more than 2,000 families of the existing organic fertilizer production factory of China, produce fertilizer ten million surplus ton per year, therefore, the sign of compost microstructure is significant for research and development energy-conservation, that reduce discharging Study on Mechanism and engineering and equipment, and helps to produce fertilizer, assurance national security and social public security.
Economic benefit of the present invention: the method that can make up sign at multiple organic solid material aerobic compost microstructure provided by the invention, can utilize physical phenomenons such as the process for dispersing that optimizes at utmost reduces to dissolve, reunion to the influence of characterization result; Thereby can select the granularity that is fit to, the hardware requirement that the particle shape method of testing has reduced analytic process, improve method feasibility and applicability; Can effectively reduce the input of the waste of resource and human and material resources, financial resources by the sign flow process of system.The present invention if can apply, and will produce considerable economic indirectly, has very high practicality and using value.
The aerobic compost microstructure characterization research that utilizes the inventive method to carry out has at utmost reduced the influence of material dissolution and aggregate, the macroscopic view of having explained the heap body changes, and has disclosed organic degraded echelon and transmittance process mechanism thereof by measuring aerobic layer thickness.The method that the present invention can characterize at multiple organic solid material aerobic compost microstructure, it has advantage practical, applied widely.The present invention is easy to operate, cost is low and analytical error is little, helps rationally to pile than the precise quantification organic solid waste aerobic compost from the microcosmic to the macroscopic view the biochemical evolution process of body.The present invention can effectively solve existing aerobic compost numerical simulation and mechanism research process microstructure makes up and characterize difficult realistic problem, lack this practical problems of micro unit parameter, help from the microcosmic to the macroscopic view rationally than the biochemical evolution process of precise quantification organic solid waste aerobic compost heap body, help that composting process is energy-conservation, reduction of discharging, enhanced reaction of modification Mechanism Study and science, suitable engineering and equipment research and development.
Description of drawings
The technology path process flow diagram that Fig. 1 characterizes the aerobic compost microstructure for the present invention.
Fig. 2 characterizes freezing dispersion aerobic compost grain diameter, particle shape variation diagram for the present invention adopts the dynamic image method.
Fig. 3 characterizes the factor of porosity variation diagram of aerobic compost microstructure for the present invention.
Fig. 4 characterizes aerobic compost microstructure aerobic layer thickness range variation diagram for the present invention.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand better the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique among the following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.Used test material among the following embodiment if no special instructions, is to buy from routine biochemistry reagent shop and obtains.Quantitative test in following examples all arranges repeated experiments three times, results averaged.
Embodiment 1,
Adopting pig manure and agricultural crop straw in the present embodiment is compost material, utilizes the aerobic compost reactor system to carry out aerobic compost, and the aerobic compost microstructure is made up and characterizes.
1, the wheat stalk that 8 mass parts pig manures and 1 mass parts are crushed to below the 3cm mixes, and is the initial mixing material; Before the compost, get the mensuration (assay method sees Table 1) that initial mixing material 100g is used for water percentage, the content of organic matter, total carbon content, total nitrogen content and carbon-nitrogen ratio.
Table 1 assay method
| Analysis project | Assay method |
| Water percentage | Hot-air seasoning (70 ℃, 24h) |
| The content of organic matter | The muffle furnace firing method (540 ℃, 6h) |
| Total carbon content | Firing method, elemental analyser is measured |
| Total nitrogen content | Firing method, elemental analyser is measured |
| Carbon-nitrogen ratio | Calculated value |
The basic physical and chemical index value of initial mixing material sees Table 2.
The basic physical and chemical index value of table 2 initial mixing material
| Water percentage (%) | The content of organic matter (%) | Total carbon content (%) | Total nitrogen content (%) | Carbon-nitrogen ratio |
| 64.16±0.55 | 85.98±0.01 | 44.17±0.26 | 3.08±0.27 | 14.66±5.34 |
2, the initial mixing material is positioned in the reactor (application number of the patent of guard reactor is 201010168213.7) 23 ℃ of compost 35 days; In the composting process, in per 12 hours, 4 hours is the state of blowing air, and 8 hours is airtight state; Sampling was once taken a sample once in per 7 days afterwards before the compost, and 450g takes a sample at every turn.Each physical and chemical index of monitoring all satisfies the aerobic composting process requirement in the composting process.
3, the sample that will at every turn take a sample carries out following operation respectively:
Carry out liquid dispersed (50g), oven dry dispersion (200g), freeze-drying dispersion (200g) respectively, according to the preferred process for dispersing of late detection result.
Adopt following process for dispersing respectively: 1. liquid dispersed: every 1g sample adding 75ml deionized water, utilize magnetic stirring apparatus to carry out mechanical raking, make suspending liquid; 2. oven dry disperses: place 65 ℃ of baking ovens to dry to constant weight in sample; 3. freeze-drying disperses: sample is placed-80 ℃ of following pre-freezes after 8 hours, utilize dry 24 hours of the ALPHA1-2plus type vacuum freeze drier of Christ company, imposing a condition is-42 ℃, 10Pa.
According to the requirement of the granularity upper limit, suspending liquid is crossed the 2mm sieve series become liquid sample, solid sample is crossed the 2mm moto-vibro screen make oven dry sample and freeze-drying sample respectively.
Adopt laser particle size method, still image method and dynamic image method to detect the D of liquid sample, oven dry sample and freeze-drying sample respectively
10, D
50, D
90Calculate particle diameter span (Span) according to following formula, span is bigger, and particle size distribution law is poorer, and it is lower to detect repeatability:
Adopt still image method and dynamic image method to detect aspect ratio and the sphericity of liquid sample, oven dry sample and freeze-drying sample respectively.
1. laser particle size method: utilize the MS3000 type laser particle analyzer (do, wet method) of Malvern company, setting the material refractive index is default value 1.53, measures the D of liquid sample, oven dry sample, freeze-drying sample according to international standard ISO13320
10, D
50, D
90, and the effective span value.
2. still image analytic approach: the particle that will dry sample or freeze-drying sample with little spoon is poured on the slide, form very thin one deck, and keep the gap between particle, utilize the DM2500 type optical microscope of Leica company to gather image, measure the digital particle diameter of particle according to international standard ISO13322-1 in conjunction with Image-Pro plus6.0 image analysis software, export aspect ratio and sphericity simultaneously, selecting 10 μ m is a grade, utilizes conversion formula to obtain D
10, D
50, D
90, and the effective span value.
3. dynamic image analysis method: adopt the Camsizer type particle diameter morphological analysis instrument of Retch company to detect the D of drying sample or freeze-drying sample in the step 3) according to international standard ISO13322-2
10, D
50, D
90, the effective span value is exported aspect ratio and sphericity simultaneously.
Comparison to process for dispersing: liquid sample D
50Be far smaller than oven dry sample and freeze-drying sample, prove that compost sample has higher solubility property, the span of liquid sample is bigger in addition, and the testing result confidence level is lower; The particle diameter of freeze-drying sample is general less than normally to illustrate that in the oven dry sample freeze-drying dispersion method has stronger dispersibility, aspect the influence that reduces to reunite better performance is being arranged; Consider dissolubility and the dispersion effect of compost sample simultaneously, select vacuum freeze-drying method as final process for dispersing.
Comparison to detection method: the particle diameter that the laser particle size method records is generally greater than dynamic image method institute value, and this may be because the measuring principle of laser method is that particle is defaulted as sphere, and with default values as due to the refractive index of composting material; The D that the still image analytic approach obtains
50The numerical value maximum, to have increased the measurement area relevant thereby this presents maximum stable with particle in the Static Detection process; Take all factors into consideration the direct measuring principle of dynamic image analysis method and export the function of form factor synchronously, this method has certain superiority aspect fast detecting granularity, the particle shape.
The dynamic image analysis method characterizes grain diameter, the particle shape variation diagram of aerobic compost freeze-drying sample and sees Fig. 2, reduce the aggregate influence by dispersing technology after, obtain the D of aerobic compost micro unit
50Scope is at 330-505 μ m.Carry out particle diameter with compost and reduce, be reacted to the reduction that macroscopic aspect is heap body volume.Form factor maintains about 0.6.Along with the degraded of heap body, particle diameter reduces, but form factor is constant substantially, illustrates that the aerobic compost particle during the fermentation respectively to degraded evenly.
4, from each freeze-drying sample, choose the freeze-drying particle of 20 particle diameters in the 330-505 mu m range at least, respectively each freeze-drying particle is embedded in the OCT refrigerant, the CM3050-S type freezing-microtome that utilizes Leica company to produce carries out 10 μ m section, place the DM2500 type optical microscope that utilizes Leica company to produce on the slide to take the section of reacting the particle xsect of each particle diameter maximum, viewport distributes, and in conjunction with the factor of porosity of each particle of Image-Pro Plus6.0 image analysis software.
A
i: the area of i hole on the particle; N: the hole number on the particle; A
0: the particle area.
Through big discharge observation, hole is distributed in the fringe region of particle more, and namely gas, liquid is distributed in the outer of compost particle more.
The testing result of selected particle is averaging, obtains the average pore of compost micro unit.The measurement result of average pore as shown in Figure 3, factor of porosity almost is linear with compost and rises, the gas, liquid that compost micro unit inside is described increases with degradation process, and this may be owing to hydrolytic action and microbial metabolism activity organic in this process cause.This as a result reasonable dismissal heap body one-piece construction with compost loose porous this universal phenomenon that becomes.
5, the freezing microtome section in the step 4 is placed on the ZnS window, utilize the Spotlight400 type fourier-transform infrared picture system scanning particle xsect of PerkinElmer company.Sweep parameter: sweep limit 4000-750cm
-1, spectral resolution 16cm
-1, pixel size 6.25 μ m * 6.25 μ m, each pixel scanning 16 times.Behind the end of scan, use second derivative (9 difference) and handle original spectrum.
2928cm
-1The wave band place represents the aliphatics methyl functional group in the compost sample, because fat compound is degraded gradually with aerobic reaction, so it is a little less than the absorption in aerobic zone should be.1136cm
-1The wave band place represents sulfate functional group, because organic sulfur is oxidized to sulfate in the composting process, so the absorption of this wave band of aerobic zone should be stronger.Observe 2928cm
-1During the second derivative at wave band place, the aerobic layer starting point be on the particle outer rim border a bit, a bit for substantially no longer descending along the second derivative that fathoms of terminal point.Observe 1136cm
-1During the second derivative at wave band place, the aerobic layer starting point be on the particle outer rim border a bit, terminal point for along the second derivative vanishing that fathoms/substantially no longer rise a bit.Each sample scans 3 particles at least, and each particle extracts 4 groups of radial information, and namely each sample extracts 12 groups of radial information at least.Obtain the variation diagram that the aerobic layer scope is carried out with compost through statistics, as Fig. 4.
Analysis result: because the degraded of different substrates has echelon, measurement result wider range of aerobic layer thickness, but its average measurement result is about 45-65 μ m.In the compost 21 days, average thickness carries out with degraded and increases gradually, this be since aerobic microbiological movable violent during, oxygen is to due to the scattering and permeating effect of compost microstructure.
Claims (10)
1. method that obtains microstructure characterization parameter variation tendency in the aerobic composting process may further comprise the steps:
(1) at two above time points the heap body in the aerobic composting process is carried out the mixing sampling respectively;
(2) institute's sample thief in the step (1) is carried out vacuum freeze drying, sieve then, obtain particle diameter less than the graininess testing sample of 2mm;
(3) detect the meta particle diameter D of the graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains
50, and draw with time point and meta particle diameter D
50Changing trend diagram for coordinate;
(4) detect the form factor of the graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains, and to draw with time point and form factor be the changing trend diagram of coordinate;
(5) according to the meta particle diameter D of particle diameter greater than minimum in the step (3)
50And less than meta particle diameter D maximum in the step (3)
50Principle, from each graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains, select 20 above particles, carry out freezing microtome section, obtain the microphotograph of the particle xsect of each particle diameter maximum, and utilize image analysis software to calculate the factor of porosity of each particle, the testing result of all selected particles is averaging, obtains the average pore of compost micro unit, and drafting is the changing trend diagram of coordinate with time point and average pore;
A
i: the area of i hole on the particle; N: the hole number on the particle; A
0: the particle area;
(6) utilize the particle xsect of the diameter maximum that micro ft-ir spectroscopy instrument scanning step (5) obtains, use second derivative and handle original spectrum, preferred and aerobic reaction contacts characteristic wave bands closely the spectrum after handling, particle radially extracts second derivative numerical value in the second derivative image upper edge of this wave band, determine aerobic layer thickness according to numerical value change, and drafting is the changing trend diagram of coordinate with time point and aerobic layer thickness.
2. characterizing method that obtains the aerobic compost microstructure may further comprise the steps:
(1) the heap body in the aerobic composting process is carried out the mixing sampling;
(2) institute's sample thief in the step (1) is carried out vacuum freeze drying, sieve then, obtain particle diameter less than the graininess testing sample of 2mm;
(3) detect the meta particle diameter D of the graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains
50
(4) detect the form factor of the graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains;
(5) from the graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains, select 20 above particle diameters to equal described meta particle diameter D
50Particle, carry out freezing microtome section, obtain the microphotograph of the particle xsect of each particle diameter maximum, and utilize image analysis software to calculate the factor of porosity of each particle, the testing result of all selected particles is averaging, obtains the average pore of compost micro unit;
A
i: the area of i hole on the particle; N: the hole number on the particle; A
0: the particle area;
(6) utilize the particle xsect of the diameter maximum that micro ft-ir spectroscopy instrument scanning step (5) obtains, use second derivative and handle original spectrum, preferred and aerobic reaction contacts characteristic wave bands closely the spectrum after handling, particle radially extracts second derivative numerical value in the second derivative image upper edge of this wave band, determines aerobic layer thickness according to numerical value change.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: in the described step (3), describedly " detect the meta particle diameter D of the graininess testing sample that step (2) obtains
50" method be dynamic image analysis method, still image analytic approach or laser particle size method.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the method for described dynamic image analysis method is as follows: adopt the dynamic image analysis instrument, detect the meta particle diameter D of described graininess testing sample according to international standard ISO13322-2
50
5. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the method for described still image analytic approach is as follows: utilize microscope to gather particle image, the combining image analysis software is added up its digital diameter according to international standard ISO13322-1, adopt formula (I) that digital diameter is converted into corresponding particle volume then, be horizontal ordinate with the grain-size grade that increases progressively then, be that ordinate is drawn " cumulative volume score distribution figure " with the cumulative volume mark, the particle diameter of cumulative volume mark x% place correspondence is D
x, obtain the meta particle diameter D of described graininess testing sample thus
50
Formula (I):
D
i: i grain-size grade; N
i: i the granule number that grain-size grade is interior; V
i: i the shared volume of particle that grain-size grade is interior.
6. as arbitrary described method in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: in the described step (4), the method for described " form factor of the graininess testing sample that detection step (2) obtains " is dynamic image analysis method or still image analytic approach.
7. as arbitrary described method in the claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that: in the described step (4), described " form factor " is aspect ratio and sphericity.
8. as arbitrary described method in the claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that: in the described step (6), when " utilizing the particle xsect of the diameter maximum that micro ft-ir spectroscopy instrument scanning step (5) obtains ", window requires as follows: see through wavelength and comprise 4000-650cm at least
-1
9. as arbitrary described method in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that: in the described step (6), when " utilizing the particle xsect of the diameter maximum that micro ft-ir spectroscopy instrument scanning step (5) obtains ", sweep parameter is as follows: sweep limit 4000-750cm
-1, spectral resolution 16cm
-1, pixel size 6.25 μ m * 6.25 μ m, each pixel scanning 16 times.
10. as arbitrary described method in the claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that: in the described step (6), the method of described " preferably the spectrum after handling contacting characteristic wave bands closely with aerobic reaction; particle radially extracts second derivative numerical value in the second derivative image upper edge of this wave band, determines aerobic layer thickness according to numerical value change " is as follows: by the particle outer rim to kernel pointwise extraction 2928cm radially
-1And 1136cm
-1The second derivative value at wave band place is drawn it along the change curve that fathoms, and along the inverse variation trend that fathoms, calculates aerobic layer thickness according to above-mentioned two wave band second derivatives.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104359818A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-18 | 盐城工学院 | System for testing permeability coefficient of straw material |
| CN105893651A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-08-24 | 中国农业大学 | Method for establishing and simulating aerobic composting model |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104359818A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-18 | 盐城工学院 | System for testing permeability coefficient of straw material |
| CN104359818B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-01-25 | 盐城工学院 | System for testing permeability coefficient of straw material |
| CN105893651A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-08-24 | 中国农业大学 | Method for establishing and simulating aerobic composting model |
| CN105893651B (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2019-04-02 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of aerobic compost model foundation and analogy method |
| CN106442381A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2017-02-22 | 中国农业大学 | Characterization method for biogas residue aerobic composting fermentation maturity |
| CN106442381B (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2020-02-14 | 中国农业大学 | Characterization method for fermentation maturity of biogas residue aerobic compost |
| CN111579442A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-08-25 | 上海交通大学 | Accurate measurement of in-situ self-generated TiB in aluminum-based composite material2Method for particle size distribution |
| CN111886960A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-06 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Rice straw returning method |
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