CN103234196A - 一种前置煤气化层燃装置及其燃烧方法 - Google Patents
一种前置煤气化层燃装置及其燃烧方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103234196A CN103234196A CN2013101796150A CN201310179615A CN103234196A CN 103234196 A CN103234196 A CN 103234196A CN 2013101796150 A CN2013101796150 A CN 2013101796150A CN 201310179615 A CN201310179615 A CN 201310179615A CN 103234196 A CN103234196 A CN 103234196A
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- Prior art keywords
- coal
- air
- grate
- coal gasification
- fire grate
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007924 injections Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种前置煤气化层燃装置及其燃烧方法。本发明解决传统链条层燃炉高NOx、高SOx的排放问题，提高锅炉效率。它包括依次连通的煤斗、煤气化室和排焦管，煤气化室的顶部设有煤气管，煤气管内设有引射喷嘴，引射喷嘴通过引射风管道与二次风管道连通，并且，引射喷嘴与二次风管道平行，引射喷嘴的喷口朝向炉膛，二次风管道与煤气管呈上下平行设置，且两者均与炉膛连通；煤气化室的底部安装底部风箱，底部风箱与气化风管道连通，并且，底部风箱通过炉排I连通至煤气化室，炉排I向排焦管的入口方向倾斜布置；排焦管的入口安装有破焦机，出口位于炉膛底部炉排II的上方。
Description
一种前置煤气化层燃装置及其燃烧方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种煤气化层燃装置，具体涉及一种前置煤气化层燃装置及其燃烧方法。属于洁净能源技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 现阶段，我国能源结构以燃煤为主。煤炭燃烧过程中产生的大气污染物约占大气污染物总量的70%，NOx占的总排放量的67%。NOx的危害十分严重，NOx有毒且容易与动物血液中的血色素结合，使血液缺氧，引起中枢神经麻痹；N02在强烈的紫外线辐射下形成光化学烟雾，光化学有毒烟雾含量超过0.3ppm时，会强烈刺激人体感官引起不良反应；Ν0χ与SO2和粉尘共存，可生成毒性更大的硝酸，形成酸雨。2007年我国氮氧化物排放总量达到17.977Mt，其中火电机组NOx排放量占总排放量的37%，工业锅炉排放量占NOx总排放量的23.5%。因此解决工业锅炉NOx污染的问题有着极其重要的意义。现阶段SCR技术是脱硝效率最高的方法，但是其投资成本和运行成本较高，不适用于工业锅炉。而链条锅炉在工业锅炉中占有重要位置，因此开发研究工业锅炉炉内燃烧脱硝技术具有广泛的市场前景。
[0003] 专利CN100470126C公开了一种燃煤锅炉的低污染高效率的燃烧方法。但由于该方法生成的半焦和可燃气未分离，使NOx的脱除效果受影响。
[0004] 专利CN10138724B公开了一种层燃锅炉的低污染高效燃烧方法。但由于该专利的煤的热解过程位于炉膛内，故不适用于现有锅炉的改造过程。
[0005] 并且，上述两篇专利的煤气化过程不易控制，煤的气化速率、气化量不易调节；煤种的适应性差，易结焦，结焦后影响煤层的下移；产生的气化气与烟气混合不均匀，还原效果差，还可能导致燃烧效率降低。
发明内容·
[0006] 本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种前置煤气化层燃装置及其燃烧方法。本发明能够提高工业层燃锅炉的燃烧效率，降低NOx和SOx排放，特别适用于工业层燃锅炉的改造使用。本发明能够有效抑制NOx生成，并实现炉内脱硫，解决传统链条层燃炉高NOx、高SOx的排放问题，并通过实现燃料的完全燃烧提高锅炉的效率。
[0007] 为实现上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案:
[0008] 一种前置煤气化层燃装置，包括依次连通的煤斗、煤气化室和排焦管，所述煤气化室的顶部设有煤气管，所述煤气管内设有引射喷嘴，引射喷嘴通过引射风管道与二次风管道连通，并且，引射喷嘴与二次风管道平行，引射喷嘴的喷口朝向炉膛，所述二次风管道与煤气管呈上下平行设置，且两者均与炉膛连通；所述煤气化室的底部安装底部风箱，所述底部风箱与气化风管道连通，并且，所述底部风箱通过炉排I连通至煤气化室，炉排I向排焦管的入口方向倾斜布置；所述排焦管的入口安装有破焦机，出口位于炉膛底部炉排II的上方。
[0009] 所述煤气管与二次风管道之间的距离为300mm〜1000mm。[0010] 所述炉排I为辊筒炉排或振动炉排，其与水平面之间呈O〜80°夹角。
[0011] 所述炉排II为链条炉排，其靠近排焦管的一侧安装闸板，用于控制煤层厚度。
[0012] 所述弓I射风管道和二次风管道内为空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物。
[0013] 所述气化风管道内为空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物，或者还喷入部分水蒸气，适量的水蒸气能够促进煤的气化过程，使CO、H2等还原性气体的量增加。
[0014] 所述二次风管道和气化风管道的入口端均连接至锅炉尾部烟道或炉膛。
[0015] 上述煤气化层燃装置的燃烧方法，具体步骤如下:
[0016] 煤斗向煤气化室供煤，煤部分气化得到煤气和半焦，煤气通过引射喷嘴喷射的引射风进入炉膛，半焦在炉排I及重力作用下向排焦管的入口移动，在破焦机的作用下，半焦被破碎，并落到炉排II上，然后随炉排II进入炉膛氧化燃烧。
[0017] 所述弓I射风来源于二次风，所述二次风喷入炉膛内部。
[0018] 所述引射风的风量占总风量的5%〜10%，引射风风速为20m/s〜40m/s ;所述二次风的风量占总风量的10%〜15%，二次风风速为20m/s〜40m/s。
[0019] 本发明的工作原理:
[0020] 本发明将传统层燃炉排前段的低温阶段前置到气化炉，加快煤的干燥升温过程，减少由于炉排前段低温燃烧缓慢导致的不完全燃烧损失，采用的气化结构简单，易于实现。
[0021] 将煤与脱硫剂同时送入气化室进行部分气化，一方面可实现脱硫；另一方面，半焦颗粒也能够吸收挥发分中的SOx，脱硫效率较传统层燃炉有大幅提高。
[0022] 排焦管入口安装的破焦机一方面起到破焦作用，另一方面起到向下推动半焦移动的作用。煤气化室产生的煤气，在引射风的作用下进入炉排II上部炉膛；在煤气管出口的上部设有二次风口，在此喷入二次风。气化风是空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物，由专门的气化风机和烟气再循环风机提供；引射风和二次风也是空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物，由专设的二次风机和烟气再循环风机提供，烟气再循环风机的烟气引自锅炉尾部烟道的除尘器后。
[0023] 本发明利用前置煤气化层燃装置将煤部分气化为煤气和半焦，半焦在炉排II上整体燃烧，即为氧化区，缩短着火时间，延长了燃烧时间，降低了灰渣的固体不完全燃烧损失，并通过脱硫剂进行气化固硫；煤气引入炉膛形成还原性气氛，即为还原区，有利于氮氧化物的还原，气化风采用空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物，降低煤气化过程氧含量，降低煤气化过程NOx生成量；引入二次风保证了煤的完全燃烧，即为氧化燃尽区，提高了燃烧效率，锅炉热效率提高4%，NOx降低40%。
[0024] 本发明的有益效果:
[0025] 与专利CN100470126C以及专利CN10138724B相比，本发明能通过控制煤斗的下煤量以及炉排I的传动速度来调节给煤量，通过控制气化风风量控制气化过程，并通过控制一次风风量控制燃烧过程；通过炉排I和破焦机能够有效的防止大块结焦，煤种适应性强；通过引射喷嘴的引射可以使气化气和烟气有效的混合，还原效果好。此外，由于本发明将煤的气化过程独立出来，故该发明十分适用于现有的层燃炉的改造工程，推广性很强。
[0026] 1.前置气化炉产生半焦和煤气，煤气作为NOx的还原剂，利于实现自我产气的再燃燃烧脱硝。
[0027] 2.把煤的干燥气化放在前置煤气化炉内进行，延长了半焦在炉排上的停留时间，降低了灰渣含碳量。
[0028] 3.炉排II靠近排焦管的一侧安装闸板，能够控制煤层的厚度。
[0029] 4.引入二次风，形成氧化性气氛，减少炉膛出口气体不完全燃烧损失。
[0030] 5.能够实现炉内脱硫。
[0031] 6.气化炉低温(500°C〜800°C)运行，可减少煤气中NOx含量，降低NOx产率。
[0032] 7.优化煤气喷入炉膛的位置和方式、气化风流量、二次风喷入炉膛的位置和方式，实现系统整体性能最优。
[0033] 8.本发明装置简单、投资少，特别适合现有的链条锅炉改造。
附图说明
[0034] 图1是本发明结构示意图；
[0035] 图2是本发明的风道原理图；
[0036] 其中1.炉排I，2.底部风箱，3.炉膛，4.煤气化室，5.煤斗，6.气化风管道，7.气化风机，8.二次风管道，9.引射喷嘴，10.省煤器，11.空气预热器，12.炉排II，13.破焦机，
14.二次风机，15.烟气再循环风机；A为氧化区，B为还原区，C为氧化燃尽区。
具体实施方式
[0037] 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行进一步的阐述，应该说明的是，下述说明仅是为了解释本发明，并不对其内容进行限定。
[0038] 如图1〜2所示，本发明包括依次连通的煤斗5、煤气化室4和排焦管，所述煤气化室4的顶部设有煤气管，煤气管内设有引射喷嘴9，引射喷嘴9通过引射风管道与二次风管道8连通，并且，引射喷嘴9与二次风管道8平行，引射喷嘴9的喷口朝向炉膛16，二次风管道8与煤气管呈上下平行设置，且两者均与炉膛16连通；煤气化室4的底部安装底部风箱2，底部风箱2与气化风管道6连通，并且，底部风箱2通过炉排Il连通至煤气化室4，炉排
Il向排焦管的入口方向倾斜布置；排焦管的入口安装有破焦机13，出口位于炉膛3底部的炉排II12的上方。
[0039] 煤气管与二次风管道8之间的距离为300mm〜1000mm。炉排Il为辊筒炉排或振动炉排，其与水平面之间呈O〜80°夹角。炉排1112为链条炉排，其靠近排焦管的一侧安装闸板，用于控制煤层厚度。引射风管道和二次风管道8内为空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物。气化风管道6内为空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物，或者还喷入部分水蒸气，适量的水蒸气能够促进煤的气化过程，使CO、H2等还原性气体的量增加。二次风管道和气化风管道6的入口端均连接至锅炉尾部烟道或炉膛3。
[0040] 本发明的工作流程是:煤斗5向煤气化室4供煤，煤部分气化得到煤气和半焦，煤气通过引射喷嘴9喷射的引射风进入炉膛3，半焦在炉排Il及重力作用下向排焦管的入口移动，在破焦机13的作用下，半焦被破碎，并落到炉排1112上，然后随炉排1112进入炉膛3氧化燃烧，炉膛3的另一侧依次设有省煤器10和空气预热器11。
[0041] 排焦管入口安装的破焦机13—方面起到破焦作用，另一方面起到向下推动半焦移动的作用。煤气化室4产生的煤气，在引射风的作用下进入炉排1112上部炉膛；在煤气管出口的上部设有二次风口，在此喷入二次风。气化风是空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物，由专门的气化风机7和烟气再循环风机15提供；引射风和二次风也是空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物，由专设的二次风机14和烟气再循环风机15提供，烟气再循环风机15的烟气引自锅炉尾部烟道的除尘器后。
[0042] 本发明利用前置煤气化层燃装置将煤部分气化为煤气和半焦，半焦在炉排1112上整体燃烧，即为氧化区A，缩短着火时间，延长了燃烧时间，降低了灰渣的固体不完全燃烧损失，并通过脱硫剂进行气化固硫；煤气引入炉膛3形成还原性气氛，即为还原区B，有利于氮氧化物的还原，气化风采用空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物，降低煤气化过程氧含量，降低煤气化过程NOx生成量；引入二次风保证了煤的完全燃烧，即为氧化燃尽区C，提高了燃烧效率，锅炉热效率提高4%，NOx降低40%。
[0043] 上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本·发明的保护范围以内。
Claims (10)
1.一种前置煤气化层燃装置，其特征在于，包括依次连通的煤斗、煤气化室和排焦管，所述煤气化室的顶部设有煤气管，所述煤气管内设有引射喷嘴，引射喷嘴通过引射风管道与二次风管道连通，并且，引射喷嘴与二次风管道平行，引射喷嘴的喷口朝向炉膛，所述二次风管道与煤气管呈上下平行设置，且两者均与炉膛连通；所述煤气化室的底部安装底部风箱，所述底部风箱与气化风管道连通，并且，所述底部风箱通过炉排I连通至煤气化室，炉排I向排焦管的入口方向倾斜布置；所述排焦管的入口安装有破焦机，出口位于炉膛底部炉排II的上方。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种前置煤气化层燃装置，其特征在于，所述煤气管与二次风管道之间的距离为300mm〜1000mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种前置煤气化层燃装置，其特征在于，所述炉排I为辊筒炉排或振动炉排，其与水平面之间呈O〜80°夹角。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种前置煤气化层燃装置，其特征在于，所述炉排II为链条炉排，其靠近排焦管的一侧安装闸板，用于控制煤层厚度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种前置煤气化层燃装置，其特征在于，所述引射风管道和二次风管道内为空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物。
6.根据权利要求 1所述的一种前置煤气化层燃装置，其特征在于，所述气化风管道内为空气、烟气或空气和烟气的混合物，或者还喷入部分水蒸气。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种前置煤气化层燃装置，其特征在于，所述二次风管道和气化风管道的入口端均连接至锅炉尾部烟道或炉膛。
8.上述任一项权利要求所述的一种前置煤气化层燃装置的燃烧方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下: 煤斗向煤气化室供煤，煤部分气化得到煤气和半焦，煤气通过引射喷嘴喷射的引射风进入炉膛，半焦在炉排I及重力作用下向排焦管的入口移动，在破焦机的作用下，半焦被破碎，并落到炉排II上，然后随炉排II进入炉膛氧化燃烧。
9.根据权利要求8所述的燃烧方法，其特征在于，所述引射风来源于二次风，所述二次风喷入炉膛内部。
10.根据权利要求8所述的燃烧方法，其特征在于，所述引射风的风量占总风量的5%〜10%，引射风风速为20m/s〜40m/s ;所述二次风的风量占总风量的10%〜15%，二次风风速为 20m/s 〜40m/s。
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| CN109578994B (zh) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-03-31 | 西安交通大学 | 一种烟气再循环及超细煤粉分级气化低NOx燃烧系统 |
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