CN103233358B - Preparation method of polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber - Google Patents

Preparation method of polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber Download PDF

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CN103233358B
CN103233358B CN201310194327.2A CN201310194327A CN103233358B CN 103233358 B CN103233358 B CN 103233358B CN 201310194327 A CN201310194327 A CN 201310194327A CN 103233358 B CN103233358 B CN 103233358B
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polylactic acid
polyvinyl alcohol
fiber
composite conductive
preparation
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CN103233358A (en
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曲良俊
潘玮
孙亚丽
陈燕
裴海燕
徐振威
韩纪江
苏岩
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Zhongyuan University of Technology
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Zhongyuan University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1), plastifying and modifying polyvinyl alcohol, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydric alcohols and flow promoter are added to a high-speed mixer for uniformly mixing under the condition of 50 DEG C to 70 DEG C to obtain plastified polyvinyl alcohol slices in a double-screw extruder or a single-screw extruder; (2), spinning blended fiber, wherein the plastified polyvinyl alcohol slices and polylactic acid slices are added to a normal fusion spinning machine for spinning to obtain polyvinyl alcohol/ polylactic acid blended fiber; (3), removing polyvinyl alcohol by dissolving, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol/ polylactic acid blended fiber is placed in water of 40 DEG C to 90 DEG C for 20-60 minutes to obtain polylactic acid porous fiber; and (4), preparing the polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber by an ultraviolet radiation method, so that the polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber is obtained. According to the preparation method of the polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, silver nitrate is reduced to metal sliver by adopting the ultraviolet radiation method, and therefore, the preparation method is simple to operate, non-toxic and pollution-free, free of the three wastes in the whole process and environment-friendly.

Description

A kind of preparation method of polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber
Technical field
The invention belongs to composite conducting fiber and preparation field thereof, particularly a kind of polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
As a kind of high-tech, high value added product, conductive fiber had both had the very excellent electric property of conductive compositions, had both again the pliable and tough machinability of textile fabric, and since it comes out, marketing development has the history of more than 50 year.Conductive fiber is except excellent textile performance, also there is excellent electric conductivity can be used for eliminating electrostatic, electromagnetic wave absorption, and there is unique status in the antistatic field of chemical fibre product, therefore it not only can be used for the antistatic explosion-proof clothing of the industry such as petrochemical industry, military project, but also can be used for the dust-free sterile clothes preparing microelectronics, medicine, food, communication, precision instrument, biotechnology field.
The preparation method of conductive fiber has many kinds, and along with deepening continuously of research, according to final performance and the preparation technology of obtained fiber, people have progressively eliminated some preparation methods fallen behind.At present, the method being prepared into conductive fiber mainly contains three kinds; One is make fiber surface form the coat of metal at the textile surface physics such as fiber or chemical method; two is chemically form semiconductor lamella at fiber surface; three is that electrically conductive particles is mixed in spinning melt, is made the conductive fiber of skin-core structure or island structure by composite spinning.
Surface metalation is one of the important channel realizing material especially flexible nonmetal material (fiber, fabric, film) functionalization.The metallized fabrics that chemical silver plating method obtains, its capability of electromagnetic shielding is good, except antioxidant anticorrosive ability is strong, also has antibacterial and deodouring, anlistatig function.In today that environmental consciousness strengthens day by day, it more and more demonstrates huge market potential, although thus enjoy the favor of people. and silver-colored fiber has a lot of advantages, and it also exists some problems at present on Synthesis and applications.First, in the preparation method of silver-colored fiber, because use metal salt solution in a large number, there is serious liquid waste processing problem, easily cause environmental pollution in chemical plating.Although coating, vacuum plating method and sputtering method avoid the liquid waste processing problem of chemical plating, itself complex process, operation inconvenience.Moreover coating can not form good metal coating very well, and adhesion is weak.Vacuum plating method also also exists metal level and is combined loosely with base material, easily comes off.And the general feel of fabric that above method obtains is very poor, mostly all can not clean, there is environmental pollution etc. in production.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention will provide a kind of method preparing polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber.The method is simple to operate, nontoxic pollution-free, and fiber is combined with silver layer closely, difficult drop-off.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: polyvinyl alcohol is plastified modified and polylactic acid blend, after melt spinning, polyvinyl alcohol dissolution is fallen to obtain polylactic acid porous fiber, then adopt Ultraviolet irradiation method that silver nitrate is reduced in the surface and hole of polylactic acid porous fiber, obtain polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber.Its step is as follows:
(1) plasticization and modification of polyvinyl alcohol: polyvinyl alcohol, polyalcohol, flow improver additive are put in high-speed mixer, the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, polyalcohol, flow improver additive is 70-90:10-25:2-10, mixes under the condition of 50 DEG C-70 DEG C; Then use double screw extruder or single screw extrusion machine, 150 DEG C-190 DEG C melt blending granulations, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section;
(2) spinning of blended fiber: plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section step (1) obtained is put in conventional melt spinning machine with polylactic acid slice and carried out spinning, described plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section is 5-35:95-65 with the mass ratio of polylactic acid slice, spinning temperature 190 DEG C-220 DEG C, spinning speed is 200m/min-1000 m/min, the polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber that to obtain take polyvinyl alcohol as island, PLA is sea;
(3) the molten of polyvinyl alcohol removes: the polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber that step (2) is made is placed in 40 DEG C-90 DEG C water 20-60 minute, obtains polylactic acid porous fiber;
(4) Ultraviolet irradiation method prepares polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber: concentration inserted by polylactic acid porous fiber is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 40-200g/L after 5-50 minute to take out, ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps is adopted to irradiate it, under power 250W-20KW, irradiation 1-10 minute, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber.
Described polyvinyl alcohol is at least one in PVA1788, PVA2488, PVA0588.
Described polyalcohol is at least one in glycerol, polyethylene glycol, D-sorbite and maltitol.
Described flow improver additive is at least one in zinc stearate, calcium stearate, dolomol.
Described PLA is fibre-grade polylactic acid slice.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: first the present invention adopts blend melt spinning legal system for polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber, use water can obtain polylactic acid porous fiber by after polyvinyl alcohol dissolution, then Ultraviolet irradiation method is adopted to prepare polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, there is reduction reaction in silver nitrate in the surface and hole of acid fiber by polylactic simultaneously, improve silver content in the fibre, fibrous matrix is combined with silver layer closely, difficult drop-off.Fiber has stable, lasting conductive effect; Polyvinyl alcohol used in the present invention (PVA) is a kind of broad-spectrum water soluble polymer, biodegradable, produces water and carbon dioxide after degraded, does not pollute and cheap and easy to get, environmentally friendly to environment, and cost is low.The technology maturation of the melt spinning method used own, without the need to adding other special installation, technical process is easy to commercial scale and implements; The present invention adopts Ultraviolet irradiation method to make silver nitrate reduction be argent, and the method is simple to operate, nontoxic pollution-free, and whole process does not have the three wastes, is a kind of method of environmental protection.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
200 grams of PVA1788,90 grams of glycerol, 10 grams of zinc stearates are put in high-speed mixer, controls mixing temperature at 70 DEG C, mix; Be used in double screw extruder 190 DEG C of melt blending granulations, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section.Drop in melt spinning machine by plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section with 700 grams of polylactic acid slice, conveniently melt spinning method carries out spinning, drawing-off, spinning temperature 210 DEG C, spinning speed is 400 m/min, at 70 DEG C of hot gas spring, drafting multiple is 4 times, namely obtains polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber.Polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber is placed in 80 DEG C of water 30 minutes, removes the polyvinyl alcohol in blended fiber, obtain polylactic acid porous fiber.Above polylactic acid porous fiber being inserted concentration is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 200g/L after 50 minutes to take out, ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps is adopted to irradiate it, under power 10KW, irradiation 10 minutes, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, and the electrical conductivity of fiber is 2.4S/cm.
Embodiment 2
100 grams of PVA0588,20 grams of glycerol, 5 grams of calcium stearates are put in high-speed mixer, controls mixing temperature at 70 DEG C, mix; Be used in double screw extruder 150 DEG C of melt blending granulations, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section.Drop in melt spinning machine by plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section with 875 grams of polylactic acid slice, conveniently melt spinning method carries out spinning, drawing-off, spinning temperature 200 DEG C, spinning speed is 700 m/min, at 70 DEG C of hot gas spring, drafting multiple is 5 times, namely obtains polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber.Polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber is placed in 40 DEG C of water 60 minutes, removes the polyvinyl alcohol in blended fiber, obtain polylactic acid porous fiber.Above polylactic acid porous fiber being inserted concentration is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 50g/L after 5 minutes to take out, ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps is adopted to irradiate it, under power 250W, irradiation 2 minutes, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, and the electrical conductivity of fiber is 0.002S/cm.
Embodiment 3
260 grams of PVA2488,40 grams of glycerol, 35 grams of polyethylene glycol, 15 grams of calcium stearates are put in high-speed mixer, controls mixing temperature at 70 DEG C, mix; Be used in double screw extruder 190 DEG C of melt blending granulations, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section.Drop in melt spinning machine by plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section with 650 grams of polylactic acid slice, conveniently melt spinning method carries out spinning, drawing-off, spinning temperature 210 DEG C, spinning speed is 400 m/min, at 70 DEG C of hot gas spring, drafting multiple is 3 times, namely obtains polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber.Polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber is placed in 80 DEG C of water 60 minutes, removes the polyvinyl alcohol in blended fiber, obtain polylactic acid porous fiber.Above polylactic acid porous fiber being inserted concentration is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 100g/L after 40 minutes to take out, ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps is adopted to irradiate it, under power 250W, irradiation 10 minutes, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, and the electrical conductivity of fiber is 0.07 S/cm.
Embodiment 4
70 grams of PVA1788,27 grams of glycerol, 3 grams of calcium stearates are put in high-speed mixer, controls mixing temperature at 70 DEG C, mix; Be used in double screw extruder 180 DEG C of melt blending granulations, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section.Drop in melt spinning machine by plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section with 900 grams of polylactic acid slice, conveniently melt spinning method carries out spinning, drawing-off, spinning temperature 210 DEG C, spinning speed is 800 m/min, at 70 DEG C of hot gas spring, drafting multiple is 5 times, namely obtains polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber.Polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber is placed in 60 DEG C of water 40 minutes, removes the polyvinyl alcohol in blended fiber, obtain polylactic acid porous fiber.Above polylactic acid porous fiber being inserted concentration is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 100g/L after 10 minutes to take out, ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps is adopted to irradiate it, under power 1KW, irradiation 2 minutes, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, and the electrical conductivity of fiber is 0.09 S/cm.
Embodiment 5
100 grams of PVA1788,50 grams of PVA0588,30 grams of glycerol, 15 grams sorbitol, 10 grams of maltitols, 5 grams of dolomols are put in high-speed mixer, controls mixing temperature at 70 DEG C, mix; Be used in double screw extruder 180 DEG C of melt blending granulations, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section.Drop in melt spinning machine by plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section with 790 grams of polylactic acid slice, conveniently melt spinning method carries out spinning, drawing-off, spinning temperature 210 DEG C, spinning speed is 600 m/min, at 70 DEG C of hot gas spring, drafting multiple is 4 times, namely obtains polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber.Polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber is placed in 70 DEG C of water 40 minutes, removes the polyvinyl alcohol in blended fiber, obtain polylactic acid porous fiber.Above polylactic acid porous fiber being inserted concentration is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 150g/L after 30 minutes to take out, ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps is adopted to irradiate it, under power 20KW, irradiation 3 minutes, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, and the electrical conductivity of fiber is 0.9 S/cm.
Embodiment 6
170 grams of PVA1788,30 grams of glycerol, 20 grams sorbitol, 10 grams of calcium stearates are put in high-speed mixer, controls mixing temperature at 70 DEG C, mix; Be used in double screw extruder 200 DEG C of melt blending granulations, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section.Plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section is dropped in melt spinning machine with 770 grams of polylactic acid slice, conveniently melt spinning method carries out spinning, drawing-off, spinning temperature 210 DEG C, spinning speed is 600 m/min, at 70 DEG C of hot gas spring, drafting multiple is 4.5 times, namely obtains polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber.Polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber is placed in 60 DEG C of water 45 minutes, removes the polyvinyl alcohol in blended fiber, obtain polylactic acid porous fiber.Above polylactic acid porous fiber being inserted concentration is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 180g/L after 30 minutes to take out, ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps is adopted to irradiate it, under power 15KW, irradiation 5 minutes, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, and the electrical conductivity of fiber is 1.85 S/cm.
Embodiment 7
220 grams of PVA1788,40 grams of glycerol, 25 grams sorbitol, 5 grams of calcium stearates are put in high-speed mixer, controls mixing temperature at 70 DEG C, mix; Be used in double screw extruder 200 DEG C of melt blending granulations, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section.Plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section is dropped in melt spinning machine with 710 grams of polylactic acid slice, conveniently melt spinning method carries out spinning, drawing-off, spinning temperature 210 DEG C, spinning speed is 600 m/min, at 70 DEG C of hot gas spring, drafting multiple is 4.5 times, namely obtains polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber.Polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber is placed in 80 DEG C of water 30 minutes, removes the polyvinyl alcohol in blended fiber, obtain polylactic acid porous fiber.Above polylactic acid porous fiber being inserted concentration is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 120g/L after 30 minutes to take out, ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps is adopted to irradiate it, under power 750W, irradiation 10 minutes, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, and the electrical conductivity of fiber is 0.35 S/cm.
Embodiment 8
A preparation method for polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, its step is as follows:
(1) put in high-speed mixer by PVAC polyvinylalcohol 1788, polyalcohol glycerol, flow improver additive zinc stearate, the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, polyalcohol, flow improver additive is 70:10:2, mixes under the condition of 50 DEG C; Then use double screw extruder or single screw extrusion machine, at 150 DEG C of melt blendings and granulation, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section;
(2) section of the plasticised polyvinyl alcohol of step (1) is put in conventional melt spinning machine with polylactic acid slice carry out spinning, described plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section is 5:95 with the mass ratio of polylactic acid slice, spinning temperature 190 DEG C, spinning speed is 200m/min, the polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber that to obtain take polyvinyl alcohol as island, PLA is sea;
(3) the polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber in step (2) is placed in 40 DEG C of water 20 minutes, obtains polylactic acid porous fiber;
(4) concentration inserted by polylactic acid porous fiber is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 40g/L after 5 minutes to take out, and adopt ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps to irradiate it, under power 250W, irradiation 1 minute, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber.
Embodiment 9
A preparation method for polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, its step is as follows:
(1) put in high-speed mixer by PVA-124 88, polyalcohol D-sorbite, flow improver additive calcium stearate, the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, polyalcohol, flow improver additive is 90:25:10, mixes under the condition of 570 DEG C; Then use double screw extruder or single screw extrusion machine, at 190 DEG C of melt blendings and granulation, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section;
(2) section of the plasticised polyvinyl alcohol of step (1) is put in conventional melt spinning machine with polylactic acid slice carry out spinning, described plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section is 35:65 with the mass ratio of polylactic acid slice, spinning temperature 220 DEG C, spinning speed is 1000 m/min, the polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber that to obtain take polyvinyl alcohol as island, PLA is sea;
(3) the polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber in step (2) is placed in 90 DEG C of water 60 minutes, obtains polylactic acid porous fiber.
(4) concentration inserted by polylactic acid porous fiber is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 200g/L after 50 minutes to take out, and adopt ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps to irradiate it, under power 20KW, irradiation 10 minutes, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber.
Embodiment 10
A preparation method for polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, its step is as follows:
(1) put in high-speed mixer by PVAC polyvinylalcohol 0588, polyol maltitol, flow improver additive dolomol, the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, polyalcohol, flow improver additive is 80:15:5, mixes under the condition of 60 DEG C; Then use double screw extruder or single screw extrusion machine, at 160 DEG C of melt blendings and granulation, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section;
(2) section of the plasticised polyvinyl alcohol of step (1) is put in conventional melt spinning machine with polylactic acid slice carry out spinning, described plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section is 20:80 with the mass ratio of polylactic acid slice, spinning temperature 200 DEG C, spinning speed is 500m/min, the polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber that to obtain take polyvinyl alcohol as island, PLA is sea;
(3) the polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber in step (2) is placed in 80 DEG C of water 50 minutes, obtains polylactic acid porous fiber;
(4) concentration inserted by polylactic acid porous fiber is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 100g/L after 40 minutes to take out, and adopt ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps to irradiate it, under power 10KW, irradiation 5 minutes, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber.

Claims (4)

1. a preparation method for polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber, is characterized in that, its step is as follows:
(1) put in high-speed mixer by polyvinyl alcohol, polyalcohol, flow improver additive, the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, polyalcohol, flow improver additive is 70-90:10-25:2-10, mixes under the condition of 50 DEG C-70 DEG C; Then use double screw extruder or single screw extrusion machine, at 150 DEG C of-190 DEG C of melt blendings and granulation, obtain plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section;
(2) section of the plasticised polyvinyl alcohol of step (1) is put in conventional melt spinning machine with polylactic acid slice carry out spinning, described plasticised polyvinyl alcohol section is 5-35:95-65 with the mass ratio of polylactic acid slice, spinning temperature 190 DEG C-220 DEG C, spinning speed is 200m/min-1000 m/min, the polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber that to obtain take polyvinyl alcohol as island, PLA is sea;
(3) the polyving alcohol/polylactic acid blended fiber in step (2) is placed in 40 DEG C-90 DEG C water 20-60 minute, obtains polylactic acid porous fiber;
(4) concentration inserted by polylactic acid porous fiber is soak in the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 40-200g/L after 5-50 minute to take out, and adopt ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamps to irradiate it, under power 250W-20KW, irradiation 1-10 minute, obtains polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber.
2. the preparation method of a kind of polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described polyvinyl alcohol is at least one in PVA1788, PVA2488 or PVA0588.
3. the preparation method of a kind of polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described polyalcohol is at least one in glycerol, D-sorbite or maltitol.
4. the preparation method of a kind of polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described flow improver additive is at least one in zinc stearate, calcium stearate, dolomol.
CN201310194327.2A 2013-05-23 2013-05-23 Preparation method of polylactic acid/sliver composite conductive fiber Expired - Fee Related CN103233358B (en)

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CN111235874A (en) * 2018-11-28 2020-06-05 南京理工大学 Preparation method of polyvinyl alcohol/silver composite surface enhanced Raman substrate
CN110230190A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-09-13 山东军屏光电科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method with antibacterial, the silver coating fabric of electro-magnetic screen function
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CN102505460B (en) * 2011-09-30 2013-05-29 桂林理工大学 Method for producing silver-carrying antibacterial sisal fibers
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