CN103233094A - Smelting process of high-strength alloy steel - Google Patents

Smelting process of high-strength alloy steel Download PDF

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CN103233094A
CN103233094A CN2013101488338A CN201310148833A CN103233094A CN 103233094 A CN103233094 A CN 103233094A CN 2013101488338 A CN2013101488338 A CN 2013101488338A CN 201310148833 A CN201310148833 A CN 201310148833A CN 103233094 A CN103233094 A CN 103233094A
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steel
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molten steel
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smelting
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CN103233094B (en
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金雪荣
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Anhui Hangqi Casting and Forging Technology Co.,Ltd.
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ZHEJIANG DAJIANG ALLOY STEEL CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及冶金领域，具体为一种用于钻头和泵头体材料的高强度合金钢冶炼工艺。通过调整合金材料加入的顺序，电弧炉初炼阶段加入Mo和Ni，并增加脱碳量；LF炉精炼阶段实用新型的复合脱氧剂，净化钢锭，提高力学性能；在真空脱气精炼（VD）前加入铝，促进钢水合金化，使钢水合金化过程更充分，又可减少氧化夹杂物。钢锭具有清洁度高、表面质量及可淬透性好、晶粒度细等优点；钢锭强度高，耐高压、耐腐蚀，机械性能良好。本工艺中，无需电渣重熔工序即可获得良好脱氧效果，同时减少非金属夹杂物含量，提高产品探伤检测水平，在保证使用性能的前提下减少能耗，降低了成本。The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to a high-strength alloy steel smelting process for drill bits and pump head body materials. By adjusting the order of adding alloy materials, Mo and Ni are added in the initial refining stage of the electric arc furnace, and the decarburization amount is increased; the utility model composite deoxidizer in the refining stage of the LF furnace can purify the steel ingot and improve the mechanical properties; in the vacuum degassing refining (VD) Aluminum is added in advance to promote the alloying of molten steel, make the alloying process of molten steel more complete, and reduce oxidized inclusions. The steel ingot has the advantages of high cleanliness, good surface quality and hardenability, and fine grain size; the steel ingot has high strength, high pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, and good mechanical properties. In this process, good deoxidation effect can be obtained without electroslag remelting process, at the same time, the content of non-metallic inclusions can be reduced, the level of flaw detection of products can be improved, energy consumption can be reduced and costs can be reduced under the premise of ensuring performance.

Description

The smelting technology of high strength alloy steel
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of metallurgy, be specially a kind of high strength alloy steel smelting technology for drill bit and pump head body material.
Background technology
The petroleum prospecting drill bit has tooth-wheel bit, winged scraping bit, diamond drill machine first-class multiple, and wherein accounting for various countries' petroleum drilling usage quantity more than 90% is tooth-wheel bit, and employed steel generally belong to low carbon high-strength degree alloy carburizing steel, as Ni-Cr-Mo system and Ni-Mo are.
In the oil drilling process, it is bigger influenced by geologic condition, and especially Fu Za landforms require also high to drill rod materials.The U.S. target 4330V material of general employing is made, and is equivalent to domestic trade mark 30CrNiMoV material, and this material also is used for the pump head of multi-cylinder ram pump.Therefore, this material must possess good comprehensive mechanical property, not only will guarantee by chemical ingredients and the specific metallographic structure of strictness, and wants the interior microscopic defective of strict control steel.
After strength grade improved, the Composition Control scope was generally narrow than common structural alloy steel, requires molten steel purity height.For micro impurity element, not only want strict control content, and exist position and form that particular requirement is also arranged to it.As: the content requirement control of sulphur is below 0.015%, and requirement in the past is 0.04%; Because sulfide inclusion causes stress concentration, form formation of crack, so the shape of sulfide also is necessary for the sphere of dispersion.Outside sulphur removal, the phosphorus, gas is all influential to the fatigue resistance of steel and impelling strength etc.Therefore, the smelting of this class high-strength steel generally will be passed through technologies such as electric arc furnace, ladle refining furnace (LF stove), vacuum outgas (VD) and esr.The cost of Ye Lianing is higher like this.
In the steel and alloy smelting process, in the steel-making stage raw material is molten into molten steel, then; In the treating processes of oxidation period, need to add oxygenant (as aerating oxygen, add iron ore or iron scale) with impurity element and foreign gases such as wherein carbon of oxidation removal, phosphorus.Generally, need to add excessive oxygenant, therefore can form oxide inclusion (based on FeO).Oxide inclusion is harmful to steel, and it is hot-short to cause resulting iron and steel to take place easily.Usually need add reductor again and carry out deoxidation treatment, be i.e. reduction period in the smelting iron and steel.
The kind of reductor has a lot, and commonly used have ferrosilicon, manganese steel, manganese-silicon, an aluminium etc., and contains alloying elements such as chromium, boron, phosphorus, nickel, titanium as reductor and alloying material.
The deoxidation treatment technology of carrying out in ladle refining furnace (LF stove) mainly contains bulk deoxidation and diffusive deoxidation etc.
Bulk deoxidation: in molten steel, directly add reductor or alloy deoxidation material, make it to form oxide compound; This oxide compound come-up enters slag.This method deoxidation speed is fast, but the inclusion that produces is more, and inclusion is blended in and is difficult in the molten steel removing.Generally before bulk deoxidation, can in molten steel, add the thin slag that slag making materials manufacturings such as a small amount of fluorite, calcium oxide swim in molten steel surface, be used for the inclusion of absorption molten steel.
Diffusive deoxidation: the content of ferric oxide is higher in slag, can add reductive agents such as carbon dust, silica flour, aluminium powder in slag, is used for reduced steel slag, and the FeO content in the slag is reduced, and the oxygen that is conducive in the molten steel is diffused in the slag.
In the bulk deoxidation process, reductor material commonly used has ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and aluminium, and the price of these three kinds of materials is lower.Generally speaking, reductor is converted into silicon, manganese and aluminium element, with the amount ratio of molten steel be 0.17%～0.37%, 0.3%～0.6% and 0.05%～0.10%.In the existing processes, reductor ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and aluminium add in the molten steel respectively and react; According to the power to oxygen affinity, addition sequence is ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and aluminium, owing to a little less than the avidity of manganese and oxygen, need the long time of reaction, therefore adds at first; Aluminium is comparatively active, and the reaction times is shorter.Because the temperature of molten steel generally about 1600 ℃, adds above-mentioned reductor respectively separately in smelting process, just can not form low-melting liquid macrobead (Al 2O 3, SiO 2Be respectively 2050 ℃, 1713 ℃ and 1785 ℃ with the fusing point of MnO, be higher than liquid steel temperature), these deoxidation productss exist with solid state in molten steel, are blended in the molten steel, are difficult to come-up and enter slag to break away from molten steel.
Therefore, need be improved existing technology, make reductor can form light specific gravity, fusing point is low, particle is big deoxidation products, form slag in order to break away from the molten steel come-up, thereby molten steel is purified.
Owing to do not find good reductor material, its deoxidation all to adopt conventional reductor, carry out deoxidation respectively separately as ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, aluminium.Can't make molten steel obtain further to purify like this, thereby be difficult to reach and satisfy the client to the requirement of special staple product technical quality,
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of smelting technology of the high strength alloy steel for the manufacture of drill bit and pump head body material.
Technical scheme is: adjust the order that alloy material adds, the first refining stage of electric arc furnace adds Mo and Ni, and increases decarburized amount; LF stove refining stage uses novel composite deoxidant, and purify hot metal improves mechanical property; At the preceding adding aluminium of vacuum deaeration refining (VD), promote the molten steel alloying, make the molten steel alloying process more abundant, can reduce oxide inclusion again.
A kind of smelting technology of high strength alloy steel comprises the steps:
(1) the clean steel scrap of low-sulfur phosphorus is melted smelting in electric arc furnace and carry out the oxidation and decarbonization dephosphorization, and add Mo and Ni, and dephosphorization; In the clean steel scrap of described low-sulfur phosphorus, iron level 〉=98wt%, carbon content≤0.2wt%, sulphur and phosphorus content difference≤0.05wt%;
The method of decarburization dephosphorization is: add little muck or iron scale at the bottom of electric arc furnace, and add lime, add the clean steel scrap of low-sulfur phosphorus again, carburetting to 0.7%～1.0%, fusing; The amount ratio of the clean steel scrap of the little muck that adds at the bottom of the described electric arc furnace or iron scale and low-sulfur phosphorus is 10～25kg/ ton, and the amount ratio of the clean steel scrap of the lime that adds at the bottom of the electric arc furnace and low-sulfur phosphorus is 20～30kg/ ton; Described little muck is the iron ore that contains 50wt%～70wt% ferric oxide;
Oxygen blast then, and in molten steel, add little muck or iron scale, add lime simultaneously, smelted 1～1.5 hour down at 1530～1600 ℃; The amount ratio of the clean steel scrap of described little muck or iron scale and low-sulfur phosphorus is 10～20kg/ ton, and the amount ratio of the clean steel scrap of lime and low-sulfur phosphorus is 15～25kg/ ton; In the described oxidation and decarbonization dephosphorization step, decarburized amount 〉=0.4%
(2) liquid steel temperature after step (1) dephosphorization and the decarburization rises to 1700～1750 ℃ and pours in the ladle refining furnace, after slag making forms thin slag, adds composite deoxidant and carries out pre-deoxidation, and composite deoxidant and molten steel amount ratio are 4～5 kilograms/ton;
With lime (calcium oxide) and fluorite slag making, with the amount ratio of molten steel be 10～15 kilograms/ton and 5～8 kilograms/ton;
Described composite deoxidant is the alloy that contains manganese, aluminium, silicon, and wherein the content of manganese is 16～20%, and the content of silicon is 8～10%, and the content of aluminium is 8～10%, all is weight percentage;
(3) in molten steel, add Cr and Mn, and add reductor on the slag surface, 1550～1650 ℃ of following refinings 1～1.5 hour, utilize LF furnace bottom blown inert gas to stir simultaneously;
Described reductor is carbon dust and AD powder, perhaps calcium carbide and AD powder, and perhaps carbon dust, calcium carbide and AD powder, the amount ratio of AD powder and molten steel is 3～5 kilograms/ton, carbon dust or calcium carbide powder, perhaps the amount ratio of carbon dust and calcium carbide total amount and molten steel is 1.5～3 kilograms/ton;
(4) in molten steel, add Si, continue to smelt 5～10 minutes;
(5) cast of coming out of the stove is handled in vacuum outgas;
The method of vacuum outgas is: rapidly liquid steel temperature being risen to more than 1680 ℃, then ladle is moved to degassing station, is to handle 20～30 minutes under the state of 4～67pa in vacuum tightness; Described pouring technology condition is: under 1540～1560 ℃ ladle hung degassing station, before cast, uses the air in the replacement dies such as rare gas element such as argon gas, and blanketing with inert gas in casting process;
Wherein, by weight, add Mo, Ni, Mn, Cr, Si in the molten steel after, the weight percent content of each alloying element is respectively Mo0.42%～0.60%, Ni2.40%～2.80%, Mn0.42%～0.80%, Cr0.9%～1.10% and Si0.15%～0.35%.
In the step (2), preferred, in the composite deoxidant, the weight ratio of manganese, silicon and aluminium is 1.9～2.05:0.95～1.05:1; Wherein the weight percent amount of sulphur and phosphorus all is no more than 0.05%, carbon content≤0.2%; Preferred, the content of manganese is 18%, and the content of silicon is 9%, and the content of aluminium is 9%.
The preparation method of this composite deoxidant comprises the steps:
(A) proportioning of pressing manganese, silicon and aluminium is mixed ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, aluminium and soft steel;
The content of manganese is 70%～80% in the described ferromanganese, and the content of silicon is 45%～75% in the ferrosilicon, all is weight percentage the iron level of described soft steel 〉=95%, carbon content≤0.2%, the content of sulphur and phosphorus≤0.05%;
(B) the mixed raw material of step (A) is melted in 1350～1400 ℃ of following mixed smeltings, casting again.
This composite deoxidant is used for deoxidation of molten steel and purification, and deoxidation effect is good, and inclusion is residual few, and molten steel is more pure.Formed deoxidation products fusing point is far below 1270 ℃ after carrying out deoxidation, and the particle diameter of the deoxidation products inclusion particle of generation is big, light specific gravity, is easy to float in the slag.
According to the stoke principle, the ascent rate v calculation formula of deoxidation products is:
V=2/9×g×（P 0-P 1）/η×r 2
Wherein, P 0And P 1Be respectively the proportion (kg/m of molten steel and deoxidation products 3), η is molten steel viscosity, g is universal gravity constant 9.8m/s 2, r is the radius of deoxidation products particle.
This shows that r has the greatest impact for v's; At P 0, P 1, η, g all be defined as under the situation of constant, ascent rate v depends on the particle diameter of deoxidation thing.
This composite deoxidant, formed deoxidation products fusing point was far below 1270 ℃ after the adding molten steel carried out deoxidation, the liquid particle of the form that exists in molten steel for easily reuniting rises to the molten steel top layer easily, rather than is suspended in the fine-powder shape solid particulate in the molten steel; The particle diameter of deoxidation products inclusion particle is big, light specific gravity, and ascent rate is obviously accelerated, and is easy to come-up and enters in the slag, makes molten steel be purified.This composite deoxidant not only deoxidation effect is good, and the inclusion that forms after the deoxidation residual remarkable reduction in molten steel, the product high purity, thus satisfy the client to the requirement of high quality high standard steel.By the steel ingot that this composite deoxidant comes out, its quality in addition can with match in excellence or beauty through the steel ingot of electroslag.
In the steel ingot that the present invention obtains, each component concentration (weight percent) is:
Mn0.42%～0.80%，Si0.15%～0.35%，Cr0.90%～1.10%，Mo0.42%～0.60%，Ni2.40%～2.80%；C0.28%～0.33%，P≤0.005%，S≤0.005%，Cu≤0.15%。Wherein non-metallic inclusion content is all qualified, and A sulfide, B oxide compound, C silicate inclusion, D nodule and the spherical macrobead of DS are mingled with and all reach below 1.5 grades.The UT (Ultrasonic Testing) inspection reaches 1 grade of non-destructive testing standard (JB/T500.15-8), i.e. φ≤1.6mm.All much smaller than 1.5 grades, resulting steel have higher purity for inclusion such as sulfide (being lower than 0.5 grade) and oxide compound (being lower than 0.5 grade).
Mechanical property: yield strength σ s〉=1050MPa, tensile strength sigma b〉=900MPa, unit elongation δ 5〉=15%, relative reduction in area ψ 〉=45%, hardness 280～328HB.
Technology of the present invention has increased the toughness of material by adjusting prescription; Optimize smelting technology, adopt molten steel furnace external refining and blown inert gas, impel the impurity come-up; And the use composite deoxidant, deoxidization technique is optimized design, adjust traditional deoxidation step, make the molten steel alloying process more abundant.The present invention has guaranteed that steel ingot has advantages such as degree of cleaning height, surface quality and hardenability characteristic are good, grain fineness number is thin; Steel ingot intensity height, high pressure resistant, corrosion-resistant, satisfactory mechanical property.In this technology, need not the esr operation and can obtain good deoxidation effect, reduce non-metallic inclusion content simultaneously, improve product carrying out flaw detection level, under the prerequisite that guarantees use properties, reduce energy consumption, reduced cost.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) with 30 tons smelting amount, in the electric arc furnace furnace bottom, adds earlier 0.55～0.6 ton little muck (main component Fe 2O 3Content 60wt%～70wt%) be used for slag making ahead of time with 0.65～0.7 ton of lime (calcium oxide), drop into 28.5～28.7 tons of low-sulfur phosphorus Clean Steels (iron level 〉=98wt% wherein then, carbon content≤0.2wt%, sulphur and phosphorus content are respectively≤0.05wt%), the energising fusing adds carburelant and joins carbon, makes carbon content reach 0.78%; Add 132 kilograms of Mo and 750 kilograms of Ni in melting period;
In the molten steel of fusing, be blown into oxygen, and in molten steel, divide 0.3～0.4 ton of little muck of 2～4 addings or iron scale, and 0.45～0.5 ton of lime, flow slag (changing slag) in the time of slag making, smelt 1～1.5 hour decarburization dephosphorization 1560 ± 20 ℃ of following oxidations; Decarburized amount when finish oxidation period 〉=0.4%;
(2) molten steel after step (1) the dephosphorization decarburization is poured in the LF stove, in the ratio of 10～15kg/ ton (molten steel) and 5～6kg/ ton (molten steel), added calcium oxide and fluorite; After thin slag forms, get composite deoxidant (content of silicon, manganese, aluminium is respectively 9wt%, 18wt% and 9wt%), be broken into the fritter about median size 50mm, in the ratio of 4kg/ ton, join and carry out pre-deoxidation in the molten steel;
(3) replenishing Mn and Cr in the molten steel, to make its content be 0.49% and 0.97%, and divide 3 times on the slag surface, and by the consumption of 3～5kg/ ton (molten steel) and 1.5～3kg/ ton, (contain 12wt%～15wt% aluminium, all the other are Al to adding AD powder 2O 3) and carbon dust, 1620 ± 10 ℃ of following refinings 1～2 hour, utilize LF furnace bottom blowing argon gas to stir simultaneously, to impel the inclusion polymerization better, oxide inclusion is floated in the slag on easier, thereby make molten steel further be purified purification;
(4) in molten steel, replenish Si adjustment silicone content to 0.22%, smelted 5～10 minutes;
(5) liquid steel temperature is risen to 1680～1700 ℃ rapidly again, then ladle is moved to degassing station, carrying out vacuum outgas (degasification) handles, be to handle 20～30 minutes under the state of 4～67pa in vacuum tightness, foreign gas such as hydrogen, nitrogen removes in the molten steel thereby make, until hydrogen richness≤1.5ppm;
Under (6) 1540～1560 ℃ ladle is hung degassing station (VD station) cast, before cast, with the air in rare gas element such as the argon replaces mould, use argon for protecting pouring in the casting process, prevent casting process secondary pollution and oxidation.
Resulting 20 stove finished products carry out non-destructive test(ing)(NDT) and detect, and press the II grade standard examination of JB/T4730.3-2005, and are all qualified.
Products obtained therefrom chemical ingredients and content (weight percent): C0.32%, Mn0.49%, Si0.22%, Cr0.97%, Mo0.44%, Ni2.50%; P0.007%, S0.003%, Cu0.13%.Carry out high power metallographic structure flaw detection data analysis after the gained steel ingot forges, wherein non-metallic inclusion content is all qualified, and A sulfide, B oxide compound, C silicate inclusion, D nodule and the spherical macrobead of DS are mingled with and all reach below 1.5 grades.The UT (Ultrasonic Testing) inspection reaches 1 grade of non-destructive testing standard (JB/T500.15-8), All much smaller than 1.5 grades, resulting steel have higher purity for inclusion such as sulfide (being lower than 0.5 grade) and oxide compound (being lower than 0.5 grade).
Mechanical property: the yield strength σ of product sBe 1100MPa, tensile strength sigma bBe 1090MPa, unit elongation δ 5Be 18.0%, relative reduction in area ψ=61%, hardness 318HB.
Composite deoxidant in the step (2) prepares by the following method:
Get the raw materials ready: the low carbon manganese steel 54kg(wherein content of manganese is 80wt%, be converted into 43.2kg manganese, carbon content≤0.7wt%), ferrosilicon the 30kg(wherein content of silicon are 72%, be converted into 21.6kg silicon), aluminium block 22kg(purity 〉=98%, be converted into 21.6kg aluminium), clean low S.P steel scrap 134kg(iron level 〉=95wt%, carbon content≤0.2wt%, difference≤0.05wt%), the smelting molten steel total amount is 240kg for sulphur and phosphorus content.
Above-mentioned raw materials is placed the 250kg intermediate frequency furnace, after being molten into molten steel, continue down to smelt 0.5～1 hour at 1380 ± 10 ℃, skim the molten steel surface scum silica frost with iron staff, when temperature is come out of the stove during at 1380 ± 10 ℃, pour in the ladle, under 1330 ± 10 ℃ of temperature, be cast into the roundlet ingot 40kg of no rising head * 6 then, be composite deoxidant.
In the resulting composite deoxidant, press mass ratio, manganese content is 18%, and the content of silicon and aluminium is 9%, and carbon content≤0.5wt%, sulphur and phosphorus content difference≤0.05wt%.
With this composite deoxidant pulverize for behind the particle of particle diameter 1mm in oxygen heated oxide, the melting temperature of product is lower than 1200 ℃.
Reference examples 1
(1) press the proportioning of embodiment 1, low-sulfur phosphorus Clean Steel is added electric arc furnace, join carbon to 0.78%, the energising fusing adds Mo and Ni between melting period; The fusing back is blown into oxygen in molten steel, and adds 0.55～0.6 ton of little muck or iron scale and 0.6～0.7 ton of unslaked lime for slag making.Smelt 1～1.5 hour decarburization dephosphorization down at 1560 ± 20 ℃;
(2) molten steel behind the decarburization dephosphorization is poured in the LF stove, in the ratio of 10～15kg/ ton (molten steel) and 5～6kg/ ton (molten steel), added lime (calcium oxide) and fluorite; After thin slag forms, get ferromanganese and be broken into 50mm left and right sides particle (carbon content≤0.7wt%, manganese content 80wt%,) add molten steel by the consumption of 7～7.1kg/ ton, add in the molten steel by the consumption of 3.5～3.7kg/ ton 0.5 get the particle that ferrosilicon (wherein the content of silicon is 72wt%) is broken into about 50mm after hour, add aluminium powder (purity 98%) by adding 0.4kg/ ton consumption again after 0.5 hour;
(3) divide 3 times on the slag surface, by the consumption of 3～5kg/ ton and 1.5～3kg/ ton (molten steel), (contain 12wt%～15wt% aluminium, all the other are Al to add the AD powder 2O 3) and carbon dust, 1620 ± 10 ℃ of following refinings 1～1.5 hour, utilize LF furnace bottom blowing argon gas to stir simultaneously;
(4) press the method degassing of embodiment 1 step (5), bull ladle cast then.
In the 20 stove finished products of gained, high power inclusion ABCD can't satisfy and all is no more than 1.5 grades requirement, and the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) rank does not all reach the I grade standard of JB/T5000.15-98.
The said products is added the esr operation, and high power inclusion ABCD can be lower than 1.5 grades in the finished product, and the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) rank meets the I grade standard of JB/T5000.15-98.
Embodiment 2
(1) with 30 tons smelting amount, in the electric furnace furnace bottom, adds earlier 0.5～0.55 ton little muck (main component Fe 2O 3) and 0.7～0.8 ton of lime be used for slag making ahead of time, drop into the clean steel scraps of 28.4～28.6 tons of low-sulfur phosphorus (iron level 〉=98wt% wherein, carbon content≤0.2wt% then, sulphur and phosphorus content are respectively≤0.05wt%), the energising fusing adds carburelant and joins carbon, makes carbon content reach 0.85%; Add 153 kilograms of Mo and 795 kilograms of Ni in melting period;
Add in the molten steel and be blown into oxygen, and divide 2～4 times in the molten steel to add 0.3～0.4 ton of little muck or iron scale, and 0.45～0.5 ton of lime, flow slag (changing slag) in the time of slag making, smelt 1～1.5 hour decarburization dephosphorization down at 1560 ± 20 ℃; Decarburized amount when finish oxidation period 〉=0.4%;
(2) molten steel behind the decarburization dephosphorization is poured in the LF stove, in the ratio of 10～15kg/ ton (molten steel) and 6～7kg/ ton (molten steel), added lime and fluorite; After thin slag forms, get composite deoxidant (content of silicon, manganese, aluminium is respectively 9wt%, 18wt% and 9wt%), be broken into the fritter about median size 50mm, in the ratio of 4.5kg/ ton, join and carry out pre-deoxidation in the molten steel;
(3) replenishing Mn and Cr in the molten steel, to make its content be 0.55% and 1.02%, and divide 3 times on the slag surface, and (contain 12wt%～15wt% aluminium, all the other are Al by the consumption adding AD powder of 3～5kg/ ton (molten steel) 2O 3), add calcium carbide by the consumption of 1.5～3kg/ ton, 1620 ± 10 ℃ of following refinings 1～1.5 hour, utilize LF furnace bottom blowing argon gas to stir simultaneously, to impel the inclusion polymerization better, oxide inclusion is floated in the slag on easier, thereby make molten steel further be purified purification;
(4) in molten steel, replenish the content to 0.18% that Si adjusts content silicon, continue to smelt 5～10 minutes;
(5) liquid steel temperature is risen to 1680～1700 ℃ rapidly again, then ladle is moved to degassing station, carrying out vacuum outgas (degasification) handles, be to handle 20～30 minutes under the state of 4～67pa in vacuum tightness, foreign gas such as hydrogen, nitrogen removes in the molten steel thereby make, and makes molten steel obtain better to purify to purify;
Under (6) 1540～1560 ℃ ladle is hung degassing station (VD station) cast, before cast, with the air in rare gas element such as the argon replaces mould, use argon for protecting pouring in the casting process, prevent casting process secondary pollution and oxidation.
Resulting 20 stove finished products carry out non-destructive test(ing)(NDT) and detect, and press the II grade standard examination of JB/T4730.3-2005, and are all qualified.
In the step (2), the preparation method of composite deoxidant is with embodiment 1.
Products obtained therefrom chemical ingredients and content (weight percent): C0.30%, Mn0.55%, Si0.18%, Cr1.02%, Mo0.51%, Ni2.65%; P0.008%, S0.002%, Cu0.13%.Wherein non-metallic inclusion is all much smaller than 1.5 grades, and resulting steel have higher purity.
The yield strength σ of product sBe 1097MPa, tensile strength sigma bBe 1093MPa, unit elongation δ 5Be 17.8%, hardness 316HB.Forge the back test of flaw detection waste product appearance does not take place, product is all qualified.
Reference examples 2
(1) proportioning of pressing embodiment 2 is prepared the clean steel scrap of low-sulfur phosphorus, Mo and Ni, and the energising fusing adds carburelant and joins carbon, makes carbon content reach 0.85%; In molten steel, add 0.5～0.55 ton little muck (main component Fe 2O 3) and 0.7～0.8 ton of lime, smelting process is with reference examples 1;
(2) ferromanganese and ferrosilicon consumption are 7.8～8kg/ ton and 3～3.28kg/ ton, and the aluminium powder consumption is 0.45～0.48kg/ ton, and all the other are with reference examples 1;
(3) and (4) with reference examples 1.
In the 20 stove finished products of gained, high power inclusion ABCD can't satisfy and all is no more than 1.5 grades requirement, and the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) rank does not all reach the I grade standard of JB/T5000.15-98.
Traditional method deoxidation and vacuum outgas are added the esr operation after handling, and high power inclusion ABCD can be lower than 1.5 grades in the finished product, and the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) rank meets the I grade standard of JB/T5000.15-98.

Claims (10)

1.高强度合金钢的冶炼工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：1. The smelting process of high-strength alloy steel is characterized in that, comprising the steps: （1）将低硫磷洁净废钢在电弧炉内熔化冶炼脱碳脱磷，并加入Mo和Ni；(1) Melting, smelting, decarburization and dephosphorization of low-sulfur phosphorus clean scrap steel in an electric arc furnace, and adding Mo and Ni; （2）步骤（1）脱磷和脱碳后的钢水温度升至1650～1700℃倒入钢包精炼炉内，造渣形成稀薄渣后，加入复合脱氧剂进行预脱氧，复合脱氧剂与钢水用量比为4～5公斤/吨；(2) Step (1) The temperature of the molten steel after dephosphorization and decarburization is raised to 1650-1700°C and poured into the ladle refining furnace. After slagging to form thin slag, add a composite deoxidizer for pre-deoxidation. The amount of composite deoxidizer and molten steel The ratio is 4 to 5 kg/ton; （3）向钢水中加入Cr和Mn，并在钢渣表面加入脱氧剂，在1600～1650℃下精炼1～1.5小时，同时利用LF炉底吹惰性气体搅拌；(3) Add Cr and Mn to the molten steel, and add a deoxidizer on the surface of the steel slag, refine at 1600-1650°C for 1-1.5 hours, and at the same time, use the bottom of the LF furnace to blow inert gas and stir; （4）向钢水中补加Si，继续冶炼5～10分钟；(4) Add Si to molten steel and continue smelting for 5 to 10 minutes; （5）真空脱气处理，吊包浇注；(5) Vacuum degassing treatment, hanging bag pouring; 其中，按重量计，钢水中补加Mo、Ni、Mn、Cr、Si后，各组分的重量百分比含量分别为Mo0.42%～0.60%、Ni2.40%～2.80%、Mn0.42%～0.80%、Cr0.9%～1.10%以及Si0.15%～0.35%；Among them, by weight, after adding Mo, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Si to molten steel, the weight percentage content of each component is Mo0.42%~0.60%, Ni2.40%~2.80%, Mn0.42% ～0.80%, Cr0.9%～1.10% and Si0.15%～0.35%; 步骤（2）所述的复合脱氧剂为含有锰、铝、硅的合金；其中锰的含量为16～20%，硅的含量为8～10%，铝的含量为8～10%，均为重量百分比。The composite deoxidizer described in step (2) is an alloy containing manganese, aluminum and silicon; wherein the content of manganese is 16-20%, the content of silicon is 8-10%, and the content of aluminum is 8-10%, both of which are % by weight. 2.权利要求1所述高强度合金钢的冶炼工艺，其特征在于，步骤（2）所述的复合脱氧剂中，锰、硅和铝的重量比为1.9～2.05：0.95～1.05：1；其中硫和磷的重量百分比量均不超过0.05%，碳含量≤0.2%。2. The smelting process of high-strength alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the composite deoxidizer described in step (2), the weight ratio of manganese, silicon and aluminum is 1.9-2.05:0.95-1.05:1; Among them, the weight percentage of sulfur and phosphorus is not more than 0.05%, and the carbon content is ≤0.2%. 3.权利要求1所述高强度钻头用合金钢的冶炼工艺，其特征在于，步骤（2）所述的复合脱氧剂中，锰的含量为18%，硅的含量为9%，铝的含量为9%。3. The smelting process of alloy steel for high-strength drill bits according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the composite deoxidizer described in step (2), the content of manganese is 18%, the content of silicon is 9%, and the content of aluminum 9%. 4.权利要求1～3任一项所述高强度合金钢的冶炼工艺，其特征在于，所述复合脱氧剂的制备方法包括如下步骤：4. The smelting process of high-strength alloy steel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, the preparation method of the composite deoxidizer comprises the following steps: （A）按锰、硅和铝的配比混合锰铁、硅铁、铝和低碳钢；(A) Mix ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, aluminum and low carbon steel according to the ratio of manganese, silicon and aluminum; （B）将步骤（A）混合后的原料熔化在1350～1400℃下混合冶炼，再浇注成型。(B) Melting the mixed raw materials in step (A) at 1350-1400° C. for mixing and smelting, and then pouring and molding. 5.权利要求4所述高强度合金钢的冶炼工艺，其特征在于，所述的锰铁中锰的含量为70%～80%，硅铁中硅的含量为45%～75%，均为重量百分比，所述低碳钢的铁含量≥95%，碳含量≤0.2%，硫和磷的含量≤0.05%。5. The smelting process of high-strength alloy steel according to claim 4, characterized in that the manganese content in the ferromanganese is 70% to 80%, and the silicon content in the ferrosilicon is 45% to 75%, both Percentage by weight, the iron content of the low-carbon steel is ≥95%, the carbon content is ≤0.2%, and the sulfur and phosphorus content is ≤0.05%. 6.权利要求1所述高强度合金钢的冶炼工艺，其特征在于，步骤（5）真空脱气的方法为：迅速将钢水温度升至1680℃以上，然后将钢包移至脱气工位，在真空度为4～67pa的状态下处理20～30分钟；所述的浇注工艺条件为：1540～1560℃下将钢包吊离脱气工位，在浇注前用惰性气体置换模内的空气，并在浇注过程中用惰性气体保护。6. The smelting process of high-strength alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that the method of vacuum degassing in step (5) is: rapidly raising the temperature of molten steel to above 1680°C, and then moving the ladle to the degassing station, Treat for 20-30 minutes under a vacuum degree of 4-67pa; the pouring process conditions are: lift the ladle away from the degassing station at 1540-1560°C, replace the air in the mold with inert gas before pouring, And use inert gas protection during the pouring process. 7.权利要求1所述高强度合金钢的冶炼工艺，其特征在于，步骤（1）中，脱碳脱磷的方法为：在电弧炉底加入小碎矿或氧化铁皮，并加入石灰，再加入低硫磷洁净废钢，增碳至0.7%～1.0%，熔化；所述的电弧炉底加入的小碎矿或氧化铁皮与低硫磷洁净废钢的用量比为10～25kg/吨，电弧炉底加入的石灰与低硫磷洁净废钢的用量比为20～30kg/吨；所述的小碎矿为含50wt%～70wt%三氧化二铁的铁矿石；7. The smelting process of high-strength alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (1), the decarburization and dephosphorization method is: adding small crushed ore or iron oxide scale at the bottom of the electric arc furnace, and adding lime, and then Add low-sulfur phosphorus clean steel scrap, increase carburization to 0.7% to 1.0%, and melt; the ratio of the amount of small crushed ore or iron oxide scale added to the bottom of the electric arc furnace to low-sulfur phosphorus clean steel scrap is 10-25kg/ton. The ratio of the amount of lime added at the bottom to the low-sulfur phosphorus clean steel scrap is 20-30kg/ton; the small crushed ore is iron ore containing 50wt%-70wt% iron sesquioxide; 然后吹氧，并向钢水中加入小碎矿或氧化铁皮，同时加入石灰，在1530～1600℃下冶炼1～1.5小时；所述的小碎矿或氧化铁皮与低硫磷洁净废钢的用量比为10～20kg/吨，石灰与低硫磷洁净废钢的用量比为15～25kg/吨；所述的脱碳脱磷步骤中，脱碳量≥0.4%。Then blow oxygen, and add small crushed ore or iron oxide scale to molten steel, add lime at the same time, smelt at 1530～1600 ℃ for 1～1.5 hours; 10-20kg/ton, and the ratio of lime to low-sulfur phosphorus clean steel scrap is 15-25kg/ton; in the decarburization and dephosphorization step, the decarburization amount is ≥0.4%. 8.权利要求1所述高强度合金钢的冶炼工艺的冶炼方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，用石灰和萤石造渣，与钢水的用量比为10～15公斤/吨和5～8公斤/吨。8. The smelting method of the smelting process of high-strength alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), lime and fluorite are used to make slag, and the ratio of the amount to molten steel is 10-15 kg/ton and 5-5 kg/ton 8 kg/ton. 9.权利要求1所述高强度合金钢的冶炼工艺的冶炼方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中，所述的脱氧剂为碳粉和AD粉，或者电石与AD粉，或者碳粉、电石和AD粉，AD粉与钢水的用量比为3～5公斤/吨，碳粉或电石粉，或者碳粉与电石总量与钢水的用量比为1.5～3公斤/吨。9. The smelting method of the smelting process of high-strength alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (3), the deoxidizer is carbon powder and AD powder, or calcium carbide and AD powder, or carbon powder, Calcium carbide and AD powder, the ratio of AD powder to molten steel is 3-5 kg/ton, and the ratio of carbon powder or calcium carbide powder, or the total amount of carbon powder and calcium carbide to molten steel is 1.5-3 kg/ton. 10.权利要求1所述高强度合金钢的冶炼工艺的冶炼方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）所述的低硫磷洁净废钢中，铁含量≥98wt%，碳含量≤0.2wt%，硫和磷含量分别≤0.05wt%。10. The smelting method of the smelting process of high-strength alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the low-sulfur phosphorus clean scrap steel described in step (1), the iron content is ≥ 98wt%, the carbon content is ≤ 0.2wt%, and the sulfur and phosphorus content ≤ 0.05wt% respectively.
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