CN103229380A - Method and system facilitating control strategy for power electronics interface of distributed generation resources - Google Patents

Method and system facilitating control strategy for power electronics interface of distributed generation resources Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103229380A
CN103229380A CN2011800509548A CN201180050954A CN103229380A CN 103229380 A CN103229380 A CN 103229380A CN 2011800509548 A CN2011800509548 A CN 2011800509548A CN 201180050954 A CN201180050954 A CN 201180050954A CN 103229380 A CN103229380 A CN 103229380A
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ven
resource
network
current
power
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哈萨姆·阿拉特拉什
纳舍尔·库图特
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Petra Solar Inc
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Petra Solar Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • H02J13/00009—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission using pulsed signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00024—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission by means of mobile telephony
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00026—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
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    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
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    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/22—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for implementing a control strategy for Distributed Generation (DG) units. The control strategy is implemented in such a fashion so that a DG unit behaves similar to a synchronous generator. The method also describes grouping of multiple DG units to form a micro grid by using a supervisory control agent. The micro girds may further be arranged in a hierarchy.

Description

Be convenient to the method and system of control strategy of the power electronics interface of distributed power generation resource
As being the PETRA SOLAR of u s company except that application people at other All Countries appointments the U.S., INC. pct international patent application, the application submitted on October 21st, 2011, only the applicant at U.S.'s appointment is Jordan citizen Hussam Alatrash and United States citizen Nasser Kutkut, the application requires the U.S. Provisional Application sequence number 61/455 submitted on October 22nd, 2010,556 priority, the theme integral body of this application at this as a reference.
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to the electric energy power field.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of method and system of control strategy of the power electronics interface (PEI) of being convenient to the distributed power generation resource.
Background technology
Produce a large amount of electric power by the large-scale centralized formula power plant that uses fossil fuel, waterpower or nuclear energy now, and give the terminal use via long Distance Transmission.In these systems, electric power flows to consumer from concentrating the power station along a direction by distributed network.Yet, this centralized generating example has many shortcomings, comprise greenhouse gas and other pollutants for influence, loss and the poor efficiency of environment, serious day by day power supply safety problem, system maintenance problem, change consume and upgrade, the higher cost of the replacement of transmission and distributed basis facility.
In the past few years, technological innovation has changed the Economics and Management environment, and environmental change and social development have stimulated the interest for distributed power generation (DG) system.Distributed power generation is a kind of novel model of electric power system, based on according to novel renewable energy technology (for example solar energy, wind-force and fuel cell) small-sized and middle generator being integrated in the public utility network.All these generators are by complete interactive intelligence grid interconnect.This innovation needs the complicated control and the communication technology.
Most of DG resources are mainly used in replenishes traditional electric power system.For example, can be in conjunction with these resources so that in the specific region, provide continuous power to contiguous load at the interference and the intercourse of main public utility network.The grouping of this DG resource and contiguous load is called little electrical network.Common little electrical network is a kind of self-contained electric ecosystem.In these systems, generation in subrange, transmission, consumption, monitoring and managing power.In many cases, little electrical network can be integrated in the large-scale centralized electrical network, if but its defined property has proved that disconnect from main electrical network also can independent operating.
Most of DG resources of current exploitation can not be as the part of little electrical network, and this is because these resources are designed to current source.Obviously unstable by the output that this electric power system produces.In addition, this electric power system can not be isolated operation to power to the specific region with main electrical network.To use little electrical network and main electrical network isolator mutually the power supply of specific region or ad-hoc location be called isolated islandization (islanding).In addition, if be designed to voltage source, then the DG resource can not be as the part of little electrical network.This is because the fine difference of instantaneous output voltage causes a large amount of circulating currents and may damage the DG resource.The little electrical network that uses in recent years uses synchronous generator, and synchronous generator is coordinated output impedance characteristic, the parallel work-flow that makes it can be connected to main electrical network or isolate with main electrical network.
According to above-mentioned challenge, need a kind of system, wherein can control a plurality of DG resources so that improved characteristic to be provided by the electrification electrical interface.In addition, need a kind of system, wherein integrated a plurality of DG resources are to form little electrical network.In this manner, can control a plurality of DG resources in a suitable manner to keep stable.In addition, system should work when separating (being known as the isolated island pattern) with large-scale public utility network continuous (being known as the electrical network connection mode) and with public utility network.In addition, system should provide the electrical network connection mode of operation and the level and smooth transformation between the isolated island pattern.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of stable AC generating and compartment system according to distributed power generation (DG) resource.
In an embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of system, so that the DG resource is showed predetermined electric characteristic so that control the DG resource by the electrification electrical interface.Be similar to the electrical characteristics of synchronous generator by the predetermined electric characteristic of described system demonstration.
In another embodiment of the present invention, disclose a kind of method and be used for a plurality of DG unit packet to little electrical network.Can divide into groups to a plurality of DG unit of little electrical network by using the Supervised Control agency.Supervised Control the agency communicate by low bandwidth communication networks (LBCN) and a plurality of DG unit.In addition, little operation of power networks when linking to each other with main electrical network, and be in the isolated island pattern and also can work.
In another embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of method to create little electrical network hierarchy by integrated a plurality of DG resources.Can realize little electrical network hierarchy by a plurality of little electrical networks being aligned in the predetermined hierarchy framework.
Description of drawings
Describe a plurality of embodiment of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawing, provide accompanying drawing with demonstration rather than restriction the present invention, similar assembly is represented in wherein similar indication, among the figure:
Fig. 1 is an example context of wherein having put into practice various embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows the block diagram that the system component of the control strategy that is used to realize distributed power generation (DG) unit is demonstrated;
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of representing virtual electric network (VEN) according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the exemplary circuit figure according to the virtual electric network (VEN) of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 shows another exemplary circuit figure of virtual according to another embodiment of the present invention electric network (VEN);
Fig. 6 shows the block diagram according to the embodiment of the invention, shows DG system, load and correlation control unit are grouped in little electrical network; And
Fig. 7 has represented according to the little electrical network hierarchy of the example of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of system and method, be convenient to the control strategy of the power electronics interface (PEI) of distributed power generation (DG) resource.The multiple example of DG resource can be including, but not limited to photovoltaic (PV) system, wind turbine, battery container unit and fuel cell.Particularly, the present invention pays close attention to mutual between one or more PEI and alternating current (AC) the electrical distribution system.
Fig. 1 is the example context that wherein can put into practice various embodiments of the present invention.Shown in Fig. 1 comprise power station 102; One or more transmission unit 104a, 104b and 104c (the unified transmission unit 104 that is called); One or more distribution unit 106a and 106b (the unified distribution unit 106 that is called); Little electrical network 108; One or more load 110a and 110b (unification is called load 110); With distributed network 112.In addition, little electrical network 108 also comprises one or more PEI114a, 114b and 114c (the unified PEI114 that is called); One or more DG resource 116a, 116b and 116c (the unified DG resource 116 that is called); With one or more DG unit 118a, 118b and 118c (the unified DG unit 118 that is called).As shown in Figure 1, PEI unit 114 forms DG unit 118 when combining with DG resource 116.
According to embodiments of the invention, Fig. 1 can comprise one or more grid control centres (Fig. 1 is not shown).In addition, grid control centre provides the supervision and the control of generating, transmission and distribution.
As mentioned above, tradition and renewable origin are depended in power station 102, including, but not limited to: fossil fuel, nuclear energy, waterpower, wind-force, photovoltaic and underground heat.In addition, power station 102 produces a large amount of electric power so that be distributed to load 110 via distributed network 112.
According to embodiments of the invention, the electric power that power station 102 is produced offers transmission unit 104, so that further electric power transfer is arrived distribution unit 106.
According to embodiments of the invention, little electrical network 108 comprises DG unit 118 shown in Figure 1.DG unit 118 can depend on the source such as photovoltaic system, wind turbine, battery container unit and fuel cell.According to embodiments of the invention, connect little electrical network 108 in case with the public utility network parallel running.According to another embodiment of the present invention, little electrical network 108 can move isolator with public utility network.
According to embodiments of the invention, with power station 102, transmission unit 104, distribution unit 106, load 110 and the distributed network 112 unified public utility networks that are called.
Fig. 2 shows the block diagram that the system component of the control strategy that is used to realize distributed power generation (DG) unit is demonstrated.As shown in Figure 2, block diagram shows distributed power generation unit 202.DG unit 202 comprises distributed power generation (DG) resource 204, power electronics interface (PEI) unit 206, AC flow sensor 208, performance controller 210, Current Feedback Control device 212, power flow controller 214 and short-term energy storage units 216.
The DG resource 204 one or more sources such as photovoltaic system, wind turbine, battery container unit and/or fuel cell of using produce electric power.According to embodiments of the invention, use PEI unit 206 to realize that controlling schemes obtains preferred properties with control DG resource 204.The structure of PEI unit 206 can change according to the particular characteristics of coupled DG resource 204.
According to embodiments of the invention, PEI unit 206 can be programmed for and show and the similar electrical characteristics of synchronous generator.PEI unit typical case is the combination of hardware and software.Use virtual electric network (VEN) to come simulated properties, virtual electric network is expressed as AC voltage source (V s) and the combination of predetermined impedance network.In addition, AC voltage source (V such as amplitude, frequency and phase place s) multifrequency nature can real-time change with idle/active power output of control DG unit 202.This process will be described in subsequent paragraph in more detail.
Around the current feedback ring, make up the control strategy of realizing by PEI unit 206.Realize the current feedback ring by current sensor 208 and Current Feedback Control device 212.According to the electric current and the current reference (I that use current sensor 208 sensings Ac) between the output current of relatively controlling PEI unit 206.Except the Mathematical Modeling of VEN, performance controller 210 also uses AC system voltage (V Ac) instantaneous tolerance calculate output current benchmark (I Ac) instantaneous value.Performance controller 210 is controlled current reference (I Ac) so that reproduce the performance of VEN, the performance of emulation synchronous generator thus.To describe aforesaid VEN in detail in conjunction with Fig. 3.
The energy that power flow controller 214 is managed between DG resource 204 and the short-term energy storage units 216 by continuous modulation power angle flows, to realize the certain power management objectives.One of management objectives can be to create the average active power output and the AC system voltage (V of DG unit 202 Ac) frequency between predetermined attenuation relation.By using AC system voltage (V Ac) and the voltage V of VEN sBetween phase difference determine power angle to be described after a while.In addition, power flow controller 214 is used to guarantee that short-term energy storage units 216 remains on suitable PEI operation and gratifying energy level that can the responding system transition.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of representing virtual electric network (VEN) according to the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 3, circuit diagram comprises AC voltage source (V s) 302 and impedance 304 and 306 (unified be called impedance). Impedance 304 and 306 can be known as impedance network.
According to embodiments of the invention, can through performance controller 210 realize virtual circuit as shown in Figure 3.
Virtual circuit such as VEN is designed to comprise the AC voltage source (V that combines with impedance network s) 302.In addition, according to AC voltage source (V s) 302 desired characteristic and numerical value designs the impedance that forms impedance network.Determine AC voltage source (V by power flow controller 214 s) 302 numerical value.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that impedance network is designed to realize one or more targets.When supporting special-purpose load, this design can keep the output voltage the accepted quality from the DG unit.This comprises: make voltage distortion minimize, suitable damping is provided and for heavy duty voltage sag be minimized in response to load transient when having the load current harmonic wave.Another target of impedance network relates to according to voltage (V Ac) amplitude and phase place create preferred attenuation characteristic.As AC system voltage (V Ac) amplitude when reducing, preferred attenuation characteristic can increase the reactive power output of DG unit.Work as V sThe phase angle with respect to AC system voltage (V Ac) when increasing, preferred attenuation characteristic can also increase the active power output of DG unit.
According to embodiments of the invention, keep constant for the numerical value of VEN impedance, and determine this numerical value according to anticipant output character.In addition, because V sWith respect to system voltage V AcAmplitude and phase place meritorious/reactive power output that can influence the DG unit, V sValue keep dynamically.In addition, as mentioned above, determine V by power flow controller 214 sInstantaneous value.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 represent the exemplary circuit figure of virtual electric network (VEN).These illustrate the actual VEN configuration according to corresponding embodiment.
According to embodiments of the invention, the present invention will describe the exemplary circuit figure that represents the VEN configuration as shown in Figure 4.The realization details that it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the realization details of circuit shown in Figure 4 and circuit shown in Figure 3 is similar.
VEN circuit diagram shown in Figure 4 comprises the AC voltage source (V that combines with impedance network s) 302.As described in according to Fig. 3, impedance network comprises the combination of impedance Z 1 and Z2.In this embodiment, the VEN circuit diagram according to Fig. 4 comprises inductance L sAnd resistance R DcTandem compound (being similar to the Z1 that defines among Fig. 3).In addition, Fig. 4 can comprise capacitor C s(being similar to the Z2 that defines among Fig. 3).
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention will describe the exemplary circuit figure that represents the VEN configuration as shown in Figure 5.The realization details that it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the realization details of circuit shown in Figure 5 and circuit shown in Figure 3 is similar.
VEN circuit diagram shown in Figure 5 comprises the AC voltage source (V that combines with impedance network s) 302.As described in according to Fig. 3, impedance network comprises the combination of impedance Z 1 and Z2.In this embodiment, the VEN circuit diagram according to Fig. 5 comprises inductance L S1Resistance R with combination in parallel DcAnd capacitor C DcTandem compound (being similar to the Z1 that defines among Fig. 3).In addition, Fig. 5 can comprise capacitor C sAnd resistance R DampTandem compound (being similar to the Z2 that defines among Fig. 3).
According to embodiments of the invention, the configuration of VEN circuit during operation can change so that optimize the characteristic of synchronous generator under the multiple operating condition.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that VEN can change according to demand.The multiple assembly of circuit can be including, but not limited to one or more voltage sources, one or more current source, linearity or non-linear resistive assembly, capacitive components and perceptual assembly.
Fig. 6 shows the block diagram according to the embodiment of the invention, shows DG system, load and correlation control unit are grouped in little electrical network.
Controlling schemes can be applied to the DG system is grouped into a plurality of DG unit, load and correlation control unit in little electrical network with permission.Block diagram shown in Figure 6 comprises: public utility network 622; Public utilities net controller 628; With little electrical network 602.Little electrical network 602 can comprise again: according to some combination of one or more DG unit 604 of controlling schemes shown in this paper control; One or more other DG unit 606 according to other controlling schemes controls; Synchronous motor system 608; Supervised Control agency (SCA) 610; Low bandwidth communication networks (LBCN) 624; And load 626.All component can only be hardware, only be the combination of software or hardware and software.Load 626 can comprise one or more intelligent loads 630 and conventional load 632.In addition, SCA610 comprises intelligent switch 612 and energy management controller 614.SCA610 can also comprise the load dispatch controller.In an embodiment of the present invention, load dispatch controller 616 can form the part of intelligent load 630 or link to each other with conventional load 632.Intelligent switch 612 can also comprise intelligent controller 618 and transducer 620.In various embodiments of the present invention, little electrical network 602 can directly link to each other with intelligent switch 612 with public utility network 622, so that intelligent switch 612 provides the switching interface between little electrical network 602 and the public utility network 622.
According to embodiments of the invention, all component shown in Figure 6 can be the combination of hardware and software.According to another embodiment of the present invention, all component shown in the figure can be represented nextport hardware component NextPort.
According to embodiments of the invention, SCA610 can be used as the single physical module and exists.According to another embodiment of the present invention, SCA610 can be used as the set that is built into the feature in a plurality of discrete parts or the subsystem.
According to embodiments of the invention, load 626 can be including, but not limited to: tunable load, can dispatch load and dead load.Load 626 can also comprise one or more intelligent loads 630 and the conventional load 632 that is integrated into load dispatch controller 616.For with conventional load 632 operations, can expect the external loading controller.The external loading controller can be that the part of SCA610 maybe can be a discrete assembly.
According to embodiments of the invention, intelligent switch 612 is used as the AC connector so that little electrical network 602 is isolated with public utility network 622.Intelligent switch 612 can also comprise intelligent controller 618 and transducer 620.Intelligent controller 618 is used to analyze the tolerance of little line voltage, public utility network voltage and current.Intelligent controller 618 is also given energy management controller 614 by low bandwidth communication networks (LBCN) 624 with analysis result information.Intelligent controller 618 also helps little electrical network 602 and the disconnection of public utility network 622, synchronous and interconnection.In addition, intelligent controller 618 manage public utility network 622 point of common coupling adhere to standard.This can comprise: restriction is incorporated into the reactive power and/or the harmonic current of main electrical network; And/or prevent involuntary isolated islandization (providing electric energy to the load of little electrical network outside) at electric network fault/intercourse.
According to embodiments of the invention, energy management controller 614 and load dispatch controller 616 can be carried out one or more functions.This function can be including, but not limited to the information of collecting and share each DG unit 604 and 606, synchronous motor system 608, intelligent switch 612 and load dispatch controller 616; The information of collection and sharing of common cause net controller 628; The availability of forecast DG resource and the availability of electrical network; And energy price.This forecast is based on such as current/forecast load, weather conditions and local obtain or from the factor other data of external service.In addition, its function can also comprise: judge intentional isolated island pattern and the intentional isolated island pattern of disengaging be converted to operation, provide load to separate and the priority of using and charging of priority scheduling, regulation DG resource, real time price is responded and be engaged in energy market.
According to Fig. 6, all communications between DG and the PEI are carried out based on LBCN624.Low bandwidth communication is preferred with respect to other patterns, and this is because low bandwidth communication is cheap more and be easier to design.According to one embodiment of present invention, LBCN624 can be embodied as the separated network that is exclusively used in this system of control.According to another embodiment of the present invention, can use one or more combinations of Local Area Network, Wifi, WLAN, power line communication and GPRS network to realize LBCN624.
According to embodiments of the invention, to support the AC load, system as shown in Figure 6 may operate in the isolated island pattern by integrated a plurality of DG unit 604 of being connected in parallel to each other and 606.By control DG unit 604 and 606, SCA610 realizes the operating process in the isolated island pattern.At first, SCA610 is convenient to one or more little electrical networks from public utility network 622 disconnections.Afterwards, DG unit 604 and 606 is concentrated in tolerance limit and is adjusted little line voltage.In addition, according to one embodiment of present invention, SCA610 can be so that the load Sharing of DG unit 604 and 606.According to another embodiment of the present invention, SCA610 can also allow the exchange of energy according to the predetermined priority scheduling that loads, and need not the direct communication between in a plurality of DG unit 604 and 606 at least two.In addition, SCA610 distributes by influencing to load priority and load via LBCN624 issue appropriate command.According to another embodiment of the present invention, can carry out the load Sharing and the exchange of energy according to the predetermined priority scheduling that loads by the DG unit, and not relate to SCA610.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, by with DG unit 604 and 606 in parallel with public utility network 622, system as shown in Figure 6 may operate in grid connect mode.System shown in Figure 6 as described below has realized the operating process of grid connect mode.At first, SCA610 little electrical network 602 of being convenient to comprise DG unit 604 and 606 is connected to public utility network 622.Setting provides meritorious/reactive power according to predetermined default in DG unit 604 and 606.In addition, SCA610 is by the meritorious/reactive power that is provided by each DG unit 604 and 606 is provided via LBCN624 issue appropriate command.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the seamless transitions between grid connect mode and the isolated island pattern can be realized in DG unit 604 and 606.In addition, by via LBCN624 from the PEI issue an order of SCA610 to each DG unit 604 and 606, the process from the isolated island pattern to the grid connect mode seamless transitions that realizes may influence voltage amplitude, frequency and the phase place of DG unit 604 and 606.Therefore, when the output voltage that makes us satisfactorily DG unit 604 synchronously and 606, amplitude, frequency and phase place, SCA610 links to each other little electrical network 602 with public utility network 622.
Fig. 7 has represented according to the little electrical network hierarchy of the example of the embodiment of the invention.Fig. 7 comprises system 702, the little electrical network 704 of one or more son and 706 (unification is called sub little electrical network) and the little electrical network 708 of father.
Little electrical network hierarchy represents that a plurality of little electrical networks are to the predetermined arrangement that divides level framework.As mentioned above, by between the SCA of the little electrical network of difference, assigning predetermined set membership to create little electrical network hierarchy.Be scheduled to set membership based on various factors, including, but not limited to: the size of little electrical network, the intrasystem geographical position of topological sum.In addition, can pre-assignedly should concern, or on-the-fly modify this relation in real time to adapt to the service conditions of variation.
According to embodiments of the invention, the different little electrical network in little electrical network hierarchy can be recruited is sub little electrical network or the little electrical network of father.The little electrical network of each height can be recruited the member into the little electrical network of father, thereby creates this set membership between SCA of electrical network slightly.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the little electrical network of father even can also show as the son of bigger little electrical network, as in conjunction with shown in the following example.
As shown in Figure 7, system 702 shows as the little electrical network of father of sub little electrical network 704 and 706.Yet simultaneity factor 702 shows as sub little electrical network of the little electrical network 708 of father.Above-mentioned set membership allows father SCA that the little electrical network of son is handled as general DG resource.Father SCA can use DG communication protocol and data model to come to collect data and issue an order subsequently to supervise the operation of sub little electrical network from the little electrical network of son.In addition, sub-SCA is used for presenting the data of collection to father SCA from its member's systematic collection data.Sub-SCA also analyzes by corresponding father SCA issued command, and can be to its member system issue an order, to guarantee the suitable response for the little electrical network of father.
Forming little electrical network isolating construction makes it possible to carry out intelligent distribution in the whole public utility network that comprises main electrical network and little electrical network hierarchy.This distribution helps avoid and relies on the centralized energy management controller that needs mass data collection, processing, judgement and the communication resource.In addition, avoid relying on the possibility that centralized energy management controller has also been eliminated Single Point of Faliure.Forming little electrical network hierarchy also allows system partitioning and helps to form intentional isolated island with different classification levels.
Can embody method and system or its random component of power electronics interface control strategy of the present invention, as to be convenient to the distributed power generation resource with the form of embedded controller.The typical case of embedded controller comprises all-purpose computer, programmable microprocessor, microcontroller, peripheral integrated circuit package, ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), PLC (programmable logic controller (PLC)) and can realize constituting other devices or the device arrangement of the step of the inventive method.
Embedded controller is carried out the instruction set (or program command) that is stored in one or more memory modules and is imported data to handle.These memory modules can also be preserved data or other data as required, and can be the forms of the physical store assembly that occurs in information source or the processor.The set of instruction can comprise multiple order, and the indication processor is carried out the particular task such as the step that constitutes the inventive method.The set of instruction can be the form of software or firmware program.In addition, software or firmware can be the forms of separating the part of software assembly, the program module with large program or program module.
Although illustrated and described a plurality of embodiment of the present invention, be clear that the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.Various modifications, change, variation, replacement and equivalent are conspicuous for those skilled in the art.

Claims (20)

1. system that is used to control distributed power generation, described system comprises:
Distributed power generation (DG) resource;
The short-term energy storage units;
Alternating current (AC) transducer;
Power flow controller is configured to from DG resource and short-term energy storage units receiving status information;
Performance controller communicates with power flow controller, and is configured to the voltage (V of sensing from the AC system Ac);
The Current Feedback Control device communicates with performance controller and AC transducer; And
Power electronics interface (PEI) is configured to make the DG resource according to operating with the similar mode of synchronous generator according to the signal from the reception of Current Feedback Control device.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein, PEI is the combination of hardware, firmware and software.
3. system according to claim 1, wherein, described PEI is configured to make the DG resource comprise according to operating with the similar mode of synchronous generator: because performance controller provides the do as one likes energy current reference (I that controller uses virtual electric network (VEN) to produce to the Current Feedback Control device Ac), described PEI is configured to make the DG resource according to operating with the similar mode of synchronous generator, wherein virtual electric network comprises:
AC voltage source (V s); And
Predefined impedance network.
4. system according to claim 3, wherein, the parameter real time altering of described VEN is with the reactive power and the active power output of control DG resource, the parameter of described VEN comprise in following one of at least: AC voltage source (V s) amplitude, AC voltage source (V s) frequency and AC voltage source (V s) phase place.
5. system according to claim 3, wherein, performance controller is configured to use the voltage (V from the AC system Ac) instantaneous tolerance and the Mathematical Modeling of VEN calculate current reference (I Ac) instantaneous value, to produce the VEN performance of expectation, make PEI make the DG resource thus according to operating with the similar mode of synchronous generator.
6. system according to claim 3, wherein, the signal that receives from the Current Feedback Control device is based on electric current and current reference (I by AC transducer sensing Ac) between comparison.
7. system according to claim 3, wherein, power flow controller is configured to flow by the energy that continuous modulation power angle is managed between DG resource and the short-term energy storage units, to realize at least one power management target.
8. system according to claim 7, wherein, at least one power management target comprises the average active power output of creating the DG resource and from the voltage (V of AC system Ac) frequency between predetermined attenuation relation, wherein by using voltage (V from the AC system Ac) and the AC voltage source (V of VEN s) between phase difference determine power angle.
9. system according to claim 7, wherein, at least one power management target comprises guarantees that the short-term energy storage units keeps gratifying energy level to allow the transition of PEI responding system.
10. system according to claim 3, wherein, VEN is a kind of virtual circuit, wherein determines AC voltage source (V by power flow controller s) value.
11. system according to claim 10, wherein, AC voltage source (V s) value keep dynamically.
12. system according to claim 3, wherein, VEN is a kind of virtual circuit, and wherein impedance network comprises the resistance value that designs according to desired characteristics.
13. system according to claim 12, wherein, it is constant that described resistance value keeps, and determine according to anticipant output character.
14. system according to claim 3, wherein, the configuration of VEN is configured to change during operation to optimize with the similar mode of synchronous generator to be operated.
15. system according to claim 3, wherein, VEN comprises at least one in following: at least one additional voltage source, at least one additional current sources, at least one linear resistive assembly, at least one non-linear resistive assembly, at least one capacitive components and at least one perceptual assembly.
16. a method that is used to control distributed power generation, described method comprises:
Receive alternating current system voltage (V Ac) instantaneous tolerance;
According to the alternating current system voltage (V that receives from the AC system Ac) instantaneous tolerance and the Mathematical Modeling of virtual electric network (VEN) calculate output current benchmark (I Ac) instantaneous value;
According to the output current benchmark (I that calculates Ac) instantaneous value and from relatively creating control signal between the AC electric current of AC system sensing; And
Adjust the characteristic of the output of distributed power generation resource according to the control signal of creating with the emulation synchronous generator.
17. method according to claim 16 wherein, is calculated output current benchmark (I according to the Mathematical Modeling of virtual electric network (VEN) Ac) instantaneous value comprise: calculate output current benchmark (I according to the Mathematical Modeling of virtual electric network (VEN) Ac) instantaneous value, described virtual electric network comprises:
AC voltage source (V s); And
Predefined impedance network.
18. method according to claim 16, wherein, the output of adjusting the distributed power generation resource comprises: adjust the output of distributed generation resource, wherein the distributed power generation resource comprises one of following: photovoltaic system, wind turbine, battery container unit and fuel cell.
19. a system is configured to allow with distributed power generation (DG) resource, load and related controller in groups, described system comprises:
Public utility network;
The public utilities net controller; And
Little electrical network, described little electrical network comprises:
According to the combination of one or more DG resources of controlling schemes control, described one or more DG resources comprise power electronics interface (PEI) unit;
The synchronous motor system;
Intelligent switch;
Supervised Control agency (SCA);
Low bandwidth communication networks (LBCN); With
Load.
20. system according to claim 19, wherein, it is one of following that SCA comprises: the single physical module perhaps is built in a plurality of discrete parts or the subsystem as characteristic set.
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Application publication date: 20130731