CN103228889A - 排气涡轮增压器 - Google Patents

排气涡轮增压器 Download PDF

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CN103228889A
CN103228889A CN2011800539219A CN201180053921A CN103228889A CN 103228889 A CN103228889 A CN 103228889A CN 2011800539219 A CN2011800539219 A CN 2011800539219A CN 201180053921 A CN201180053921 A CN 201180053921A CN 103228889 A CN103228889 A CN 103228889A
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bearing
compressor
housing
exhaust turbine
inserting member
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CN103228889B (zh
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J·奇哈特
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BorgWarner Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F01D25/166Sliding contact bearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/14Lubrication of pumps; Safety measures therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/50Bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/20Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/20Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
    • F05D2300/21Oxide ceramics
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2226/00Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
    • F16C2226/10Force connections, e.g. clamping
    • F16C2226/12Force connections, e.g. clamping by press-fit, e.g. plug-in
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/23Gas turbine engines
    • F16C2360/24Turbochargers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/043Sliding surface consisting mainly of ceramics, cermets or hard carbon, e.g. diamond like carbon [DLC]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/08Attachment of brasses, bushes or linings to the bearing housing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

一种排气涡轮增压器(1),该排气涡轮增压器具有一个压缩机(2),该压缩机具有安排在一个压缩机壳体(4)中的一个压缩机叶轮(3);具有一个涡轮机(5),该涡轮机具有安排在一个涡轮机壳体(7)中的一个涡轮机叶轮(6);并且具有一个安排在该压缩机壳体(4)与涡轮机壳体(7)之间的轴承壳体(8),并且该排气涡轮增压器具有用于转子轴(10)的一个轴承(9),该轴承支承着该涡轮机叶轮(6)以及该压缩机叶轮(3),其中该轴承(9)具有至少一个在该轴承壳体侧并且处于压缩预应力下的陶瓷插入件(11,12),并有具有至少一个在该电机轴侧并且处于拉伸预应力下的陶瓷插入件(11,12)。

Description

排气涡轮增压器
说明书
本发明涉及根据权利要求1前序部分的一种排气涡轮增压器。
在现有技术中,存在着在其上强加规定条件的专用轴承系统,例如一种用于某些类型的泵的、专用的抗污染轴承系统。对于这些应用而言,轴承必须不含油。然而,与排气涡轮增压器相比,所述这类泵是非常低速运行的。
迄今为止,已经在所讨论类型的排气涡轮增压器中提供了以油润滑的轴承。
因此,本发明的目的是提供在权利要求1的前序部分所指明类型的一种排气涡轮增压器,这种排气涡轮增压器使得无油轴承成为可能。
这一目的是通过权利要求1的特征来实现的。
这些从属权利要求包含本发明的多个有利发展。
基于碳氢化合物的润滑剂习惯上用于排气涡轮增压器的轴承系统中。有可能通过一种被提供为排气涡轮增压器的轴承的陶瓷滑动轴承来避免使用所述润滑剂。该轴承具有两个部件,即一个整体的陶瓷环和一个由纤维强化陶瓷制成的轴套筒。
通过这种高度坚固的摩擦系统,因此有可能在没有任何油的情况下将该转子轴安装到排气涡轮增压器中。
例如,可以将处于压缩预应力下并且在轴承壳体侧的陶瓷插入件插入一个外部金属环的一个孔中或者直接插入轴承壳体孔中以便形成压缩预应力。为此目的,例如,可以对该外部金属环或围绕该轴承壳体孔的材料区域加热。在插入该陶瓷插入件之后并且在这些部件冷却之后,施加了所需要的压缩预应力。
用于在电机轴侧的陶瓷插入件的拉伸预应力可通过在该轴上的一个压配合而产生,为此目的,例如,首先冷却该轴并且然后将该陶瓷插入件放置到该轴上。在加热该轴之后,产生了压配合并因此产生了拉伸预应力。
尽管以水作为润滑剂是一个优选解决方案,原理上也可以使用任何流体,甚至空气。具体的说,燃料电池的电解液也适合于用作润滑剂。
本发明的进一步的细节、特征和优点将在以下通过参照附图的多个示例性实施例的说明中显现出来,在附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明的、用于说明其基本部件的一种排气涡轮增压器的示意性高度简化的图示,
图2示出了根据本发明的排气涡轮增压器的一个无油轴承的示意性高度简化的图示。
图1中可看见根据本发明的一个排气涡轮增压器1的示意性高度简化的图示,该涡轮增压器具有一个压缩机2,该压缩机具有在一个压缩机壳体4中的一个压缩机叶轮3。
此外,排气涡轮增压器1具有一个涡轮机5,该涡轮机具有在一个涡轮机壳体7中的一个涡轮机叶轮6。
接纳了用于一个转子轴10的轴承9的一个轴承壳体8被安排在压缩机壳体4与涡轮机壳体7之间。
当然,根据本发明的排气涡轮增压器1还具有此类型的轴承的所有其他部件,但对于说明本发明的原理而言不需要所述这些部件的说明。
图2示出了用于一个转子轴10的轴承9的示意性高度简化的图示,该轴承支承该涡轮机叶轮6以及该压缩机叶轮3。轴承9具有一个在轴承壳体侧的陶瓷插入件11,并且具有一个在转子轴侧的陶瓷插入件12。陶瓷插入件11是在压力下装配到轴承壳体8的一个外部金属零件上的一个整体的陶瓷环,其中在所述环形陶瓷插入件11中产生了永久状态的应力。
在转子轴侧的陶瓷插入件12是由纤维强化陶瓷制成并通过一个压配合(如图2中的箭头13所展示)而安排到转子轴10上的一个轴套筒。
轴承9的陶瓷插入件11和12配备有无油润滑,这是由于水被用作润滑剂,水在图2中由箭头14示意性地展示。
为补充本发明的以上书面披露,明确地参照图1和图2中的图解展示。
参考编号列表
1         排气涡轮增压器
2         压缩机
3         压缩机叶轮
4         压缩机壳体
5         涡轮机
6         涡轮机叶轮
7         涡轮机壳体
8         轴承壳体
9         轴承
10        转子轴
11,12    陶瓷插入件
13        压配合
14        水

Claims (7)

1.一种排气涡轮增压器(1)
具有一个压缩机(2),该压缩机具有安排在一个压缩机壳体(4)中的一个压缩机叶轮(3);
具有一个涡轮机(5),该涡轮机具有安排在一个涡轮机壳体(7)中的一个涡轮机叶轮(6);并且
具有一个轴承壳体(8)
该轴承壳体被安排在该压缩机壳体(4)与涡轮机壳体(7)之间;
并且该轴承壳体具有用于一个支承该涡轮机叶轮(6)与该压缩机叶轮(3)的转子轴(10)的一个轴承(9)
其中
该轴承(9)具有至少一个在该轴承壳体侧并且处于压缩预应力下的陶瓷插入件(11,12),并且具有至少一个在该电机轴侧并且处于拉伸预应力下的陶瓷插入件(11,12)。
2.如权利要求1所述的排气涡轮增压器,其中在轴承壳体侧的陶瓷插入件(11)是安排在该轴承壳体(8)的一个外部金属零件上的一个外壳。
3.如权利要求1所述的排气涡轮增压器,其中在该转子轴侧的陶瓷插入件(12)是一个通过压配合(13)而固定在该转子轴(10)上的轴套筒。
4.如权利要求1至3之一所述的排气涡轮增压器,其中在轴承壳体侧的陶瓷插入件(11)是由整体的陶瓷制成的。
5.如权利要求1至4之一所述的排气涡轮增压器,其中在该转子轴侧的陶瓷插入件(12)是由纤维增强的陶瓷制成的。
6.如权利要求1至5之一所述的排气涡轮增压器,其中该轴承(9)是由水(14)润滑。
7.如权利要求1至5之一所述的排气涡轮增压器,其中该轴承(9)是由一种电解液润滑。
CN201180053921.9A 2010-12-08 2011-11-23 排气涡轮增压器 Active CN103228889B (zh)

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DE102010053797.7 2010-12-08
DE102010053797 2010-12-08
PCT/US2011/062001 WO2012078364A2 (en) 2010-12-08 2011-11-23 Exhaust gas turbocharger

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CN107407192A (zh) * 2015-02-11 2017-11-28 博格华纳公司 用于涡轮增压器的轴承

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US9488185B2 (en) 2016-11-08
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JP2013545036A (ja) 2013-12-19
WO2012078364A2 (en) 2012-06-14
CN103228889B (zh) 2015-11-25
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WO2012078364A3 (en) 2012-10-04
KR101839804B1 (ko) 2018-03-19

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