CN103226373A - Method and arrangement in connection with photovoltaic power generator composed of series-connected photovoltaic modules - Google Patents
Method and arrangement in connection with photovoltaic power generator composed of series-connected photovoltaic modules Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method and an arrangement in connection with a photovoltaic power generator composed of series-connected photovoltaic modules, the method comprising determining (52) a maximum power point voltage ( U MPP ) and a maximum power point current ( I MPP ). The method further comprising determining (54) the ambient temperature ( T amb ), calculating (55) an estimated maximum power point voltage ( U est ) by using maximum power point current ( I MPP ) and the determined ambient temperature ( T amb ), comparing (56) the estimated maximum power point voltage with the determined maximum power point ( U MPP ), and determining on the basis of the comparison whether the generator is operating under uniform conditions or in conditions with two maximum power points.
Description
Technical field
The photovoltaic module that the present invention relates to be connected in series, and relate to identification especially and have a situation of two maximum power points.
Background technology
Photovoltaic generating system becomes and becomes more and more popular.This system comprises that MPPT maximum power point tracking device (MPPT) is to be used for obtaining maximum available power from photovoltaic module.The MPPT maximum power point tracking device is worked as follows, and this mode makes the output voltage of module and electric current make from the working point of the maximizes power of module output.Having and operating and calculate the power of exporting from described module by the output voltage that changes module basically is the multiple available known tracking that increases or reduce.This calculating is carried out at the photovoltaic power generation apparatus duration of work, and this is because condition of work may change.For example, because cloud layer covers module or because the variation of the relative position of the sun, so maximum power point may change.
Usually photovoltaic module is connected in series or is connected in parallel to increase the rated power of Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT).When module was connected in series, the voltage of system increased, and therefore the rated power of system also increases.Being connected in series of module may produce following situation: the module that is connected in series in this situation receives irradiation unevenly.These situations may cause following state: the MPPT maximum power point tracking device is set the working point of the converter of the output of the module that is connected in series for be not maximum power point power points in this state.
Evenly the electrical characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) have a unique local maximum power point (MPP) and therefore have global maximum power point under the irradiance condition, can obtain maximum available power at this maximum power point place.This is shown in Fig. 1 (a), and Fig. 1 (a) shows the function of the power of Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) as voltage.If Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) is for example blocked (part of the PV module that is connected in series is blocked) partly, then electrical characteristics have two local MPP.The example of the electrical characteristics under such condition has been shown in Fig. 1 (b).As can be seen, how obtainable power has two local maximum points that are marked as MPP in Fig. 1 (b).
As mentioned above, the MPPT maximum power point tracking device may be set the converter of photovoltaic power system in the maximum power point place work that is not global maximum power point.If system comprises being connected in series of photovoltaic module and system and may have a plurality of maximum power points, then the MPP tracker can be operated as follows, and this mode makes the MPP tracker scan this each working point that is connected in series whether to have the working point that can obtain more power from it to find out.
This scanning to the working point is time-consuming, even this is because the work of system is in unique maximum power point or global maximum power point, also must carry out this scanning as usual.In addition, the time waste that spent is scanned in the operation at maximum power point place in the working point.During multiple scanning, some energy have been lost.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method and a kind ofly be used to implement the equipment of this method to alleviate above-mentioned shortcoming.The objective of the invention is by being that the method and apparatus of feature is realized with the content of being stated in the independent claims.Be disclosed in the dependent claims preferred implementation of the present invention.
The present invention is based on following design: estimate maximum power point voltage and the maximum power point voltage estimated and voltage as the present operating point of one of local maximum power point are compared.Comparing these two voltages and relatively judging whether to exist present operating point according to this is not the possibility of the global maximum power point of reality.
The advantage of method and apparatus of the present invention is: to have a unique maximum power point or present operating point be overall working point if this method is judged, and then do not need to carry out the scanning to each working point.
Description of drawings
Hereinafter, by means of preferred implementation the present invention is described below in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows (a) under homogeneous condition and the electrical characteristics of the PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of (b) working under the partial occlusion condition;
Fig. 2 shows the maximum power point voltage and the maximum power point electric current of 18 PV modules that are connected in series;
Fig. 3 shows (a) in the MPP at high voltage place and (b) corresponding electrical characteristics;
Fig. 4 shows (a) at voltage difference between the MPP voltage of MPP voltage that records under the MPP at the high voltage place situation and estimation and (b) difference power between the MPP at the MPP at high voltage place and low voltage place; And
Fig. 5 shows the block diagram of the MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm of the embodiment that utilizes this method.
Embodiment
Present disclosure relates to a kind of two method and apparatus that the maximum power point condition is discerned that are used for the PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) that comprises the PV module that is connected in series.The comparison that this method is carried out based on the MPP voltage of the estimation under the MPP voltage that will record and the even irradiance condition.
In the method, maximum power point voltage and maximum power point electric current are determined.This determines can to produce by using that the PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) can carry out with its method of carrying out the maximum power point of work.The example of maximum power point tracing method comprises admittance method of addition and disturbance observation.Basically, be that maximum power point electric current and voltage are measured to the working point of described module, and measured value is continued on for method according to disclosure.
In the method, environment temperature is determined, and used the maximum power point electric current I
MPPCalculate the maximum power point voltage of estimation with determined environment temperature.
Maximum power point voltage and the determined maximum power point voltage estimated are compared.Based on maximum power point of estimating and the comparison between the determined maximum power point, determine that the PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) is to work or have under the condition of two maximum power points to work under homogeneous condition.
When differing by more than scheduled volume between maximum power point voltage of estimating and the determined maximum power point voltage, then judge two maximum power points of existence.
The MPP voltage of estimating in this method is the MPP voltage under the homogeneous condition.This estimation is based on number and the type and the condition of work of the PV module that is connected in series, for example temperature of irradiance, environment temperature and PV module.Determined MPP electric current is used to estimate the irradiance of the PV module that is connected in series.By using measured MPP electric current and environment temperature, the temperature of module can be estimated that this temperature rise coefficient is used for determining that the PV module is owing to the temperature that irradiance is higher than environment temperature rises by using temperature rise coefficient.
Fig. 2 shows MPP voltage and the MPP electric current of PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) under the partial occlusion condition that comprises 18 PV modules that are connected in series.The irradiance of the PV module that is not blocked is 800W/m
2In this example, by the part of PV module is blocked the partial occlusion of realizing Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) at every turn.Also change the intensity of blocking.Fig. 2 also is included in the MPP under the homogeneous condition that all PV modules all are blocked.MPP under these situations is the leftmost point in the point at one group of high voltage place.As can be seen, MPP electric current in these cases is owing to the intensity of blocking that changes changes.
Solid line among Fig. 2 show when temperature rise coefficient be 0(K
T=0(K/W/m
2)) time MPP under homogeneous condition, temperature rise coefficient is 0 to mean that the temperature of PV module does not remain in environment temperature because irradiance rises.This is not actual conditions.Technical descriptioon according to the PV module calculates temperature rise coefficient K
T=0.0325Km
2/ W, the technical descriptioon of PV module has provided the temperature of PV module under nominal operation condition (NOC).Temperature rise coefficient is the coefficient that depends on the PV module.
In Fig. 2 as can be seen, MPP near the electric current of 6A (corresponding to 800W/m
2Irradiance) locate or near the voltage place of 450V.Represent the MPP at low voltage place at MPP, and represent the MPP at high voltage place, shown in Fig. 1 (b) at MPP near the voltage place of 450V near the electric current place of 6A.As can be seen, the voltage of the MPP at low voltage place is different from the MPP voltage of (red point) under the homogeneous condition significantly.MPP for the high voltage place is really not so.For the MPP at high voltage place, MPP voltage is in close proximity to the MPP voltage under the homogeneous condition.In Fig. 3, show the MPP at high voltage place with expander graphs.The different condition of work of gray level expressing and block condition.
In Fig. 3 (a), as can be seen, be actually the feasible condition of work and the MPP that blocks under the condition that has a unique MPP near the point 31 the MPP under the homogeneous condition.This illustrates with curve 33 in Fig. 3 (b).Curve 33 bends near 180V, but curve 33 does not contain local MPP.
(from left to right) ensuing MPP 32 marks in Fig. 3 (a).These MPP are overall MPP, and the local MPP that this means the high voltage place compares with the MPP at low voltage place has more power.This illustrates with curve 34 in Fig. 3 (b).At last, all the other points are local MPP, and they compare the power that has still less with the MPP at low voltage place.This illustrates with curve 35 in Fig. 3 (b).
The present invention is based on the observed performance of PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) with two maximum power points.Because the MPP electric current almost is directly proportional with the irradiance that is received by the PV module, thus can by to system with the electric current of the local MPP of its work with environment temperature is measured and by using temperature rise coefficient K
TThe temperature of calculating PV module is estimated the MPP voltage (the leftmost MPP point at Fig. 2 high voltage appearance place) under the homogeneous condition exactly.
As previously mentioned, if the PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) in the MPP place work at low voltage place, then MPP voltage is different from the MPP voltage of estimation significantly.MPP for the high voltage place is really not so.But in Fig. 3 (a) as can be seen, with the point in the immediate MPP(of the MPP under the homogeneous condition zone 31) be actually and have a MPP under the MPP situation.Point in next immediate MPP(zone 32) be overall MPP.This shows, although under the situation of the MPP voltage slight error of estimating, may not can identify the condition of two maximum power points, the PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) still can overall MPP place's work and can be owing to non-best operating point wasted power.
Differ big more between the measured MPP and the MPP of estimation, then might have the MPP that more power are arranged at the low voltage place more.This is shown in Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b), wherein, the amount of the PV module that is blocked of expression is blocked in system, blocks intensity and represents owing to block the irradiance decay that causes (amount of the irradiance of decay with by the irradiance of the PV module reception that is not blocked ratio).
In Fig. 4 (a) as can be seen, when from the right lower quadrant of this figure when move in the upper left corner of this figure, voltage difference increases.As can be seen, identical situation has taken place in the difference power among Fig. 4 (b).As can be seen, at approaching cornerwise certain some place, difference power is 0 in Fig. 4 (b).In Fig. 4 (a), on identical diagonal line, the voltage difference between the measured MPP and the MPP of estimation is about 20V, and this can be used as the indication to the partial occlusion condition in the control algolithm of the PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) that comprises the PV module that is connected in series.For 18 silica-based PV modules that are connected in series, the voltage difference of 20V is about 4% of a nominal open-circuit voltage.
What can illustrate is: if do not consider the temperature variation that causes owing to irradiance, then the limit value of voltage difference is about U
Diff=N
c(U
MPP1-U
MPP2), wherein, N
cBe the total number of the PV battery that is connected in series, U
MPP1Be the MPP voltage of the PV battery that is not blocked, U
MPP2Be the MPP voltage of the PV battery that is blocked.Rise to the influence of MPP voltage, then voltage difference U for silica-based PV battery owing to irradiance causes temperature if consider
MPP1-U
MPP2Be about 0.021V, and voltage difference is subjected to temperature rise coefficient K in the following manner
TInfluence, described mode is higher K
TCause lower U
DiffHave separately under the situation of 54 PV batteries that are connected in series, 18 PV modules that are connected in series corresponding to the U of the sample situation that provides among Fig. 1 to Fig. 4
DiffBe about 20.4V.
Hereinafter, explain present disclosure with reference to the block diagram of Fig. 5 of the embodiment that shows this method.In frame 53 and frame 54, measure the electric current of photovoltaic (PV) Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) and the environment temperature of voltage and this Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), so that estimate the voltage of the MPP that Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) can have under homogeneous condition.
In the block diagram of Fig. 5, this method starts from frame 51, and the IncCond in the frame 52 refers to a kind of MPP track algorithm, i.e. admittance delta algorithm, and this algorithm moves to the working point on the power-voltage curve of PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) near the maximal value place.U
MPPAnd I
MPPIt is the voltage and current of the local MPP that obtains and in frame 53, be saved by the IncCond algorithm.T
AmbBe the environment temperature that records in the frame 54.
If the PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) is worked under the situation of the irradiance corresponding with the MPP electric current that records under homogeneous condition, then present embodiment need be about the information of local MPP and environment temperature to estimate the voltage U of MPP
EstIn this example, in frame 55, calculate U in the following manner
Est:
Wherein, U
MPP, STCBe the MPP voltage of PV Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) under the standard test condition (STC) that the manufacturer by the PV module provides, N
cBe the number of the PV battery that is connected in series, A is PV module ideal factor (for the representative value of silicon PV module between 1 to 2), U
T, STCBe the thermal voltage of PV battery under STC, I
MPP, STCBe the electric current of the MPP under the STC, I
MPPBe the local MPP that obtains by IncCond record electric current, K
uBe open-circuit voltage and temperature relation (for silicon solar cell when 300K for-0.0023V/K), K
tBe the temperature rise coefficient of the relation of functional modules temperature and irradiance, G
STCBe irradiance and the T under the STC
STCBe the temperature of PV module under STC.
In next frame 56, this algorithm is with the MPP voltage U that records
MPPWith the MPP voltage U of estimating
EstCompare, and determine that this Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) is to work or have under the condition of two maximum power points to work under homogeneous condition.U
DisBe used for limiting the voltage range of the MPP voltage of estimation.If MPP voltage is in this voltage range, then this algorithm determines that present operating point is overall MPP or small with the difference power of overall MPP.In this case, condition of work is actually uniformly, and perhaps present operating point is overall MPP, the micropower loss that causes owing to local MPP rather than overall MPP work perhaps only occurs.If measured MPP voltage is outside this scope, then this algorithm is judged: this Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) has two MPP on its power-voltage curve and present operating point is not overall MPP probably.
In next procedure, this control can turn back to the IncCond in the frame 52, perhaps can begin overall MPP(GMPP in frame 58) carry out certain search.
At estimated voltage U
EstGiven formula can be with replacing than simpler another formula of given formula.For example, if the temperature of direct measurement module then can be come estimated voltage in a simplified manner.So can be by using T
ModK in the replacement formula
T(I
MPP/ I
MPP, STC) G
STC+ T
AmbCalculate estimated voltage easily, wherein T
ModIt is the temperature that records of PV module.If ignore that the module temperature that causes owing to irradiance rises or even ignore because the voltage drop that the irradiance of increase causes, then at estimated voltage U
EstGiven formula can also be replaced by simpler formula.After these are simplified, U
Est=U
MPP, STCThese simplification will reduce the accuracy of described method and apparatus to a certain extent.
Equipment according to arbitrary embodiment in the described embodiment can for example be implemented by means of computing machine that is provided with appropriate software or digital signal corresponding treatment facility.Preferably, such computing machine or digital signal processing appts are included as arithmetical operation at least provides for example nextport universal digital signal processor NextPort of working storage of memory block (RAM) and CPU (central processing unit) (CPU).CPU can comprise registers group, ALU and control module.Control module is controlled by the sequence of program instructions that is sent to CPU from RAM.Control module can comprise the micro-order that is used for basic operation of some.The enforcement of micro-order can change according to the CPU design.Programmed instruction can be encoded by programming language, and programming language can be for example for example machine language or an assembly language of C or Java or rudimentary programming language of high-level programming language.Computing machine can also have the operating system that system service can be provided to the computer program of being write with programmed instruction.Preferably, implement computing machine of the present invention and other equipment also comprise for example be used to receive the suitable input media of measured value and/or control data and be used to export for example failure warning and/output unit of control data, therefore this input media makes it possible to for example magnitude of current and voltage are monitored.Can also use one or more special IC and/or discrete parts and device to realize function according to arbitrary embodiment in the described embodiment.
Can in various MPP trackers that the existing system parts for example are used in combination with being connected in series of PV module or other controllers, implement the present invention, perhaps can implement the present invention by using independently special-purpose member or device with centralized system or distribution mode.Existing MPP tracker or the inverter structure relevant with the PV module generally include the processor and the storer that can utilize in the function of all embodiments according to the present invention.Therefore, implement required all modifications of embodiments of the present invention and configuration and can be implemented as software routines, described software routines may be embodied as software routines additional or that upgrade.If by software implementation function of the present invention, then such software can be arranged to comprise the computer program of following computer program code, and described computer program code makes computing machine or corresponding apparatus carry out above-mentioned according to function of the present invention when moving on computers.Such computer program code can be stored in or be embodied in usually for example suitable storer of computer-readable medium such as flash memory or jukebox storage, can load this computer program code to one or more unit of carrying out this program code from this computer-readable medium.In addition, this enforcement computer program code of the present invention for example can be loaded into one or more unit of carrying out this computer program code via the suitable data network, and can replace or upgrade the existing program code of possibility.
For those of ordinary skills clearly, along with technical progress, can accomplished in various ways design of the present invention.The present invention and embodiment thereof are not limited to above-mentioned example, but can change within the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. method relevant with the photovoltaic power generation apparatus that comprises the photovoltaic module that is connected in series, described method comprises:
Determine (52) maximum power point voltage (U
MPP) and maximum power point electric current (I
MPP), it is characterized in that described method also comprises:
Determine (54) environment temperature (T
Amb),
By using described maximum power point electric current (I
MPP) and determined environment temperature (T
Amb) calculate the maximum power point voltage (U that (55) are estimated
Est),
Maximum power point voltage and determined maximum power point voltage (U with described estimation
MPP) compare (56), and
Come relatively to determine that according to described described Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) is to work or have under the condition of two maximum power points to work under homogeneous condition.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of calculating the maximum power point voltage of described estimation comprises: use the data relevant with employed photovoltaic module.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described method is further comprising the steps of: work under described condition with two maximum power points if determine described Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), then begin search (57) another maximum power point.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described method is further comprising the steps of: if determine that described another maximum power point is a global maximum power point, then the working point is moved to described another maximum power point.
5. according to each described method in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described method is continuously repeated.
6. computer program that comprises computer program code wherein, is carried out described program code and is made described computer-implemented each step according to each described method in the claim 1 to 6 in computing machine.
7. equipment relevant with the photovoltaic power generation apparatus that comprises the photovoltaic module that is connected in series comprises:
Be used to determine (52) maximum power point voltage (U
MPP) and maximum power point electric current (I
MPP) device, it is characterized in that described equipment also comprises:
Be used to determine (54) environment temperature (T
Amb) device,
Be used for by using described maximum power point electric current (I
MPP) and determined environment temperature (T
Amb) calculate the maximum power point voltage (U that (55) are estimated
Est) device,
Be used for maximum power point voltage and determined maximum power point voltage (U with described estimation
MPP) compare the device of (56), and
Be used for coming relatively to determine that according to described described Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) is to work or have the device of working under the condition of two maximum power points under homogeneous condition.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12153272.5 | 2012-01-31 | ||
| EP12153272.5A EP2624094B1 (en) | 2012-01-31 | 2012-01-31 | Method and arrangement in connection with photovoltaic power generator composed of series-connected photovoltaic modules |
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| CN103226373B CN103226373B (en) | 2015-07-29 |
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| CN103995559A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-08-20 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Constant voltage MPPT control method and system based on environmental parameter model |
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| JP2013097596A (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-20 | Sony Corp | Solar battery system, electronic equipment and structure |
| DE102013202600B4 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2015-04-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for yield optimization of a partially shaded photovoltaic field |
| CN103744469B (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-03-18 | 四川英杰电气股份有限公司 | Multi-peak maximum power point tracking method of photovoltaic inverter |
| CN104765403B (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2016-06-29 | 山东科技大学 | Maximum power point of photovoltaic array tracking based on chaos optimization search |
| CN105068591B (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2016-08-24 | 宁波大学 | Maximum power point tracing method under a kind of photovoltaic array partial occlusion |
| KR101741924B1 (en) | 2015-11-18 | 2017-06-15 | (주)다한테크 | Method for control hybrid MPPT to mitigate partial shading effects in photovoltaic arrays |
| JP7308360B2 (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2023-07-13 | ファーウェイ デジタル パワー テクノロジーズ カンパニー リミテッド | Converter control method, converter and photovoltaic power generation system |
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| CN101236446A (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2008-08-06 | 上海交通大学 | Voltage-variable photovoltaic system maximal power tracing control method adapting to weather status |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101236446A (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2008-08-06 | 上海交通大学 | Voltage-variable photovoltaic system maximal power tracing control method adapting to weather status |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103995559A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-08-20 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Constant voltage MPPT control method and system based on environmental parameter model |
| CN103995559B (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-12-30 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind ofly determine voltage MPPT control method and system based on environment parameter model |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US9625502B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 |
| CN103226373B (en) | 2015-07-29 |
| EP2624094A1 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
| US20130197834A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
| EP2624094B1 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
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