CN103226200A - Handheld laser ranging device - Google Patents

Handheld laser ranging device Download PDF

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CN103226200A
CN103226200A CN2013100939725A CN201310093972A CN103226200A CN 103226200 A CN103226200 A CN 103226200A CN 2013100939725 A CN2013100939725 A CN 2013100939725A CN 201310093972 A CN201310093972 A CN 201310093972A CN 103226200 A CN103226200 A CN 103226200A
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黄静
章涵博
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a handheld laser ranging device, which comprises a laser transmitter, a DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer) frequency generating module, an I/Q (In-phase/Quadrature) modulation module, an APD (Avalanche Photo Diode) frequency mixing receiving module, a low frequency amplifier module and a microcontroller module, wherein the laser transmitter transmits laser ranging signals to a to-be-measured object; the DDS frequency generating module provides the laser transmitter with high frequency modulation signals; the I/Q modulation module modulates the high frequency modulation signals and outputs the modulated signals; the APD frequency mixing receiving module receives the laser ranging signals that are sent back from the to-be-measured object, the laser ranging signals and the modulated signals are processed through frequency mixing, and low frequency signals with phase differences are output; the low frequency amplifier module converts the low frequency signals to low frequency voltage signals; and in addition, the microcontroller module generates and outputs I/Q signals, receives the low frequency voltage signals, processes the low frequency voltage signals through phase detection, and obtains distance signals of the to-be-measured object so as to output the distance signals. The handheld laser ranging device has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, accurate measurement, high speed and the like, and is especially suitable for the fields such as industrial setting, estate measurement, construction technology, upholstery.

Description

A kind of hand-held laser ranging system
Technical field
The present invention relates to the distance measuring equipment field, be specifically related to a kind of hand-held laser ranging system based on laser and phase type measurement.
Background technology
At present, the hand-held phase type laser ranging system range error that exists on the market is within ± 3mm.Major product have Switzerland LECIA, Germany BOSCH and gain profit happily.This type of stadimeter is mainly used in fields such as industry installation, real estate measurement.Be characterized in that precision height, ranging are generally less than 300m, volume is little, measures to need not reflection, and more function is arranged.Can carry out simple all kinds of computing, some product can also be directly and computing machine carry out data transmission.Their characteristics are: the laser instrument that use (1) is semiconductor laser diode, and optical maser wavelength is between 405nm~900nm.(2) adopt silicon photoelectricity avalanche diode as receiver pope, so not only reduced the volume of instrument but also improved the detectivity of faint measuring-signal greatly.(3) in order to improve ranging, Switzerland LECIA company has adopted the technology of a kind of Power of being referred to as range technology in novel hand-held stadimeter DISTO, energy attenuation when being mainly used to reduce detecting light beam and in air, propagating, improve the detectivity of light wave, thereby increased the ranging degree.(4) adopted latest integrated and Digital Signal Processing, phase measurement accuracy is higher and low in energy consumption.(5) collimation and reception optical lens that adopts advanced composite material (ACM) to make has stronger collimation and detectivity.
In China, earthquake big reciprocity unit in Wuhan succeeds in developing JCY-1 and JCY-2 type laser range finder; Beijing Optical Instrument Factory has developed DCX-3 type laser range finder; 238 factories have succeeded in developing HQ-102 type laser range finder, and units such as Peking University have developed Long March DCH-1 type short distance electro-optical distance instrument.The development of modern science and technology, especially integrated circuit technique and photosignal detection technique advances by leaps and bounds, make high-precision stadimeter that very big development space arranged, China is also relatively backward in the research of high-precision hand-held stadimeter, be in development, the product of succeeding in developing is also few.Its technical matters that mainly faces is the detection of high-precision phase measurement and feeble signal.
Beijing Mai Zhelun mainly contains the product of LMD100, LMD200, three models of LMD300, and wherein the finding range of LMD100 and LMD200 is 0.6~30m; Measuring accuracy can reach 5mm and 3mm at the 30m place.LMD200 also has basic mathematical operation function.The finding range of LMD300 is 0.05~200m; Measuring accuracy can reach 1.5mm at the 30m place; Built-in 2 times of telescopes are applicable to telemeasurement; The reversible base that has automatic recognition function can be finished measurement from obstacle edge or corner.Three optical maser wavelengths that model adopted are respectively 650nm, 635nm, 635nm.Because Mai Zhelun company belongs to wholly foreign-owned new high-tech enterprise, it can not represent present domestic research level.
The problem that present this field mainly exists is as follows:
When (1) high precision is surveyed, survey the phase technology.The height of technical merit is an important indicator of weighing a national science and technology development level with surveying mutually during survey.A lot of aspects of scientific research are all relevant with the measurement of time and phase place.The measuring accuracy of time or phase place is a main aspect that influences the laser range finder measuring accuracy, measuring method commonly used is difficult to meet the demands, need to adopt up-to-date high performance device, when original survey, do further improvement on the survey phase method and just can meet the demands.Survey phase method when also needing simultaneously to use up-to-date scientific payoffs to explore novel survey.
(2) Detection of weak and method.Designed stadimeter is the range finding of noncooperative target at present, the echo that receives is very faint diffuse signal, employed in addition semiconductor laser diode power is little, the signal power that receives is low, the noise that comprises is big, also belong to high-frequency signal simultaneously, quite high to the requirement that detects amplifying circuit.
(3) great dynamic range is low differs the high-gain reception technique.Measured target variable in distance scope is big, and target reflectivity difference is also very big, makes the signal amplitude dynamic range of reception big.And the phase detector in the signal processing technology requires input signal dynamic range little, and waveform can not distortion, could guarantee that the phase-detecting error only depends on phase detector, makes the distance accuracy height.
(4) design of optical lens and manufacturing.Optical lens has very important effect to the detection of stadimeter signal, it be total system foremost, photodiode wants to detect the faint optical signal of being returned by target reflection, just must use optical lens that the light signal that returns from target reflection is converged, the energy that only converges the back signal reaches certain value and could produce photocurrent.The processing of optical lens belongs to superfinishing, and it has very high requirement to production technology.The volume of stadimeter own is little, requires the optical lens volume can not be too big, can not reduce but converge performance simultaneously, and being limited in of these conditions increased the difficulty of making to a great extent.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the hand-held laser ranging system that a kind of volume is little, in light weight, precision is high.
A kind of hand-held laser ranging system comprises:
Generating laser is used for to target emission laser ranging signal to be measured;
DDS frequency generation module is used for providing high-frequency modulation signal to described generating laser and I/Q modulation module, and wherein the frequency of high-frequency modulation signal is 500~1000MHz;
The I/Q modulation module receives i/q signal and to modulating from the high-frequency modulation signal of DDS frequency generation module, the back signal is modulated in output;
APD mixing receiver module is used to receive the laser ranging signal that returns from target to be measured, and signal after the modulation of this laser ranging signal and the transmission of I/Q modulation module is carried out Frequency mixing processing, the low frequency signal of output band phase differential;
The low frequency amplification module is used for converting the low frequency signal of described band phase differential to low-frequency voltage signal;
Micro controller module is used for producing and to I/Q modulation module output i/q signal, also is used to receive the low-frequency voltage signal from described low frequency amplification module, and this low-frequency voltage signal is carried out phase discrimination processing, and the distance signal that obtains target to be measured is to export.
As a kind of preferred, also be provided with the signal amplification module that is connected between I/Q modulation module and the APD mixing receiver module, be used for amplifying to modulating the back signal.
As a kind of preferred, also be provided with the high pressure generation module that is controlled by described micro controller module, this high pressure generation module provides back biased voltage to APD mixing receiver module.
For the ease of the output of instruction input and described distance signal,, also be provided with the button and the display module that link to each other with micro controller module as a kind of preferred.More preferably, can use different key to realize different functions, on circuit design, adopt the different voltage method of different resistances, programme by microcontroller and realize different measurement functions.
As a kind of preferred, described micro controller module also is connected with power module, and the micro controller module that passes through that all the other each assemblies are direct or indirect obtains operating voltage.
The present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention is optimized design to the phase type distance measuring equipment, uses DDS frequency generating technique, the Laser Driven lift-off technology that suppresses extinction ratio, I/Q modulation technique and APD electricity heterodyne mixing technology.The use microcontroller is realized exquisite liquid crystal display and key circuit design, makes this device have advantages such as volume is little, low in energy consumption, measurement is accurate, speed is fast, is particularly suitable for fields such as industry installation, real estate measurement, building operation, indoor decoration.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the The general frame of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of phase demodulation module.
Fig. 3 is the key position structural drawing of apparatus of the present invention material object.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are the data presentation results in the ranging process.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1.The present invention mainly comprises with lower module: micro controller module, DDS frequency generation module, generating laser, I/Q modulation module, signal amplification module, high pressure generation module, low frequency amplification module, power module, button and display module, APD mixing receiver module.
Its principle of work and flow process are:
At first micro controller module is that DDS frequency generation module sends order, the frequency of control DDS frequency generation module, produce a 500~1000MHz(and be preferably 750MHz) high-frequency modulation signal, this high-frequency modulation signal is delivered to generating laser, laser signal is modulated, (being the laser ranging signal) is emitted to target to be measured by generating laser after amplifying then, and the laser ranging signal that is returned by target to be measured enters APD mixing receiver module;
The I/Q modulation module receives i/q signal (from micro controller module) and to modulate (being about to carry out a mixing from the high-frequency modulation signal of DDS frequency generation module with from the i/q signal of micro controller module) from the high-frequency modulation signal of DDS frequency generation module, output modulation back signal, this modulation back signal is sent to APD mixing receiver module after the signal amplification module amplifies;
APD mixing receiver module, the laser ranging signal that reception is returned from target to be measured, and signal carries out Frequency mixing processing after the modulation that this laser ranging signal and signal amplification module are sent, it is secondary mixing, the low frequency signal of output band phase differential, this low frequency signal convert through the low frequency amplification module that low-frequency voltage signal is laggard goes in the micro controller module to carry out phase discrimination processing to; The required high-voltage signal of APD mixing receiver module work is provided by micro controller module control high pressure generation module.
Micro controller module sends order to DDS frequency generation module; Send order to the high pressure generation module; Produce and to I/Q modulation module output i/q signal; Reception is from the low-frequency voltage signal of low frequency amplification module, and this low-frequency voltage signal is carried out phase discrimination processing, and the distance signal that obtains target to be measured shows by display module to export display module to,
Output for the ease of instruction input and described distance signal, button that setting links to each other with micro controller module and display module, key-press module is provided with several different buttons, can use different key to realize different functions, on circuit design, adopt the different voltage method of different resistances, programme by microcontroller and realize different measurement functions.Display module comprises liquid crystal drive and LCD display.Micro controller module shows the calculation process result at display unit.
Micro controller module also is connected with power module, the micro controller module that passes through that all the other each assemblies are direct or indirect obtains operating voltage, power module of the present invention has used the conversion chip of DC-DC, it is the DC voltage that the supply voltage of 6V converts 3.3V to, convenient power supply, it is wide that this conversion chip has the input and output power range, two automatic modes and high effective model when unloaded, and can be by controlling the purpose that one of them pin reaches stopping device.
DDS frequency generation module is one of Key Circuit of system, and in this circuit, crystal oscillator adopts the temperature compensation quartz oscillator of high stability, and the method for employing frequency synthesis obtains other frequency (i.e. Shu Chu high-frequency modulation signal).Wherein main shaking produced by phase-locked loop circuit, and phase-locked loop circuit is made up of three basic elements of character: phase detector, loop filter, voltage controlled oscillator.
Micro controller module also is used for output order in DDS frequency generation module (sending to the register of DDS frequency generation module), to control the frequency of the high-frequency modulation signal that DDS frequency generation module sends; The method that DDS frequency generation module adopts frequency synthesis is by the frequency of high-frequency modulation signal that the computing of output order and self reference frequency is finally sent; Phaselocked loop in the DDS frequency generation module can be used to realize exporting and importing two phase-locking between the signal, utilizes the phase locking characteristic of self, obtains to become with reference frequency the new frequency (frequency of the high-frequency modulation signal that promptly finally sends) of certain multiple.When loop stability, the master shakes locked with the difference of local oscillator, and both have identical frequency stability and drift characteristic, have guaranteed the stability of difference frequency.
Generating laser comprises a Laser Modulation and emission coefficient, can realize the emission of laser, finishes the modulation to laser signal, and can control the laser extinction ratio, and generating laser also comprises automated power control (APC), function such as modulation compensated.These control loops have temperature compensation, keep constant extinction ratio in whole temperature range and effective life.
The I/Q modulation module has adopted the mixing of I/Q modulation technology, micro controller module sends I signal and Q signal, these two kinds of signals are mutually orthogonal respectively, equal and opposite in direction, the high-frequency modulation signal and the i/q signal that utilize DDS frequency generation module to produce carry out mixing, realize a mixing of distance measuring equipment, produces one with the signal (promptly modulating signal afterwards) that transmits and differ an intermediate frequency so that follow-up secondary mixing.
APD mixing receiver module adopts APD electricity heterodyne mode to realize secondary mixing, and APD acceptance angle frequency is ω 1The AC signal of laser signal (being the laser ranging signal) and the diode reverse stack of band phase differential (i.e. modulation back signal) is carried out self-mixing, and to obtain angular frequency be ω 2The low frequency signal of band phase differential.This signal is a current signal, is amplified, transfers voltage signal to by amplifier after the filtering of low frequency amplification module, delivers to micro controller module.
In micro controller module, carry out phase discrimination processing, comprise the phase demodulation module that is used to carry out described phase discrimination processing in the micro controller module, this phase demodulation module comprise the phase demodulation trigger, with the door sum counter;
Wherein the structure of phase demodulation trigger has two signal input parts (R and S) as shown in Figure 2, an output terminal Q and an inverse output terminal;
Have two input ends with door, one of them connects the output terminal Q of phase demodulation trigger, and another is used to receive filler pulse f Cp, this filler pulse f CpCan provide reference cycle, described filler pulse f CpCan send by DDS frequency generation module, also can adopt other signal sources.
Counter receives output signal described and door.
The process of phase discrimination processing is: will be from the low-frequency voltage signal v of low frequency amplification module sAnd from the reference signal v of micro controller module r(all being the sine wave of continuous single-frequency) through obtaining corresponding square wave after the shaping circuit shaping, adds to two square-wave signals two signal input parts of phase demodulation trigger respectively respectively then,
v rNegative edge make phase demodulation trigger set (putting 1), i.e. output terminal Q output high level;
v sThe negative edge of square wave makes phase demodulation trigger reset (putting 0), i.e. output terminal Q output low level;
v rNegative edge make the set of phase demodulation trigger, counter begin the counting;
Through phase differential
Figure BDA00002951610200061
(v sWith v rBetween phase differential) time after, v sThe negative edge of square wave makes the phase demodulation trigger reset again, close with door, at this moment filler pulse can not by with door, so counter quits work;
Since the resulting phase discriminating pulse width of output terminal Q (being the setting time of phase demodulation trigger) corresponding two phase differential of phase signals relatively
Figure BDA00002951610200062
So what of the filler pulse number of passing through of being added up in during counter works and door have just reacted the length of the width of phase discriminating pulse, passing through of being added up in therefore during counter works be multiply by filler pulse f again with the filler pulse number of door CpCycle just obtain the phase discriminating pulse width, promptly reflected distance measuring signal v sWith reference signal v rBetween phase differential
Figure BDA00002951610200071
Then can utilize prior art (reference literature: Xu Hengmei, Fu Yongqing. Laser Range Finding Based on Phase system [J]. applicating technology, 2010, (37) 06:20~22) according to phase differential
Figure BDA00002951610200072
Converse the distance of target to be measured.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, be the button space of a whole page figure of apparatus of the present invention, its label 1 is a power key: start, shutdown; The 2nd, measure key: open laser, measure, open the continuous coverage function; The 3rd, clear key: remove current measurement result, turn back to single hop range observation pattern; The 4th, mode key: be implemented in area, volume, singly collude strand, two collude strand and single hop range observation pattern between conversion; The 5th, add/subtract function key: carry out signed magnitude arithmetic(al); The 6th, the measuring basis switch key: tail end, tripod nut location, the front end of instrument, extension rod at instrument carry out the switching of benchmark; The 7th, the unit shift key: switching circulates between rice, millimeter, decimal foot, mark foot, decimal inch and mark inch unit; The 8th, maximum/minimum value is measured key: call maximum, minimum value measurement pattern.
New " AAA " alkaline battery of 4 joints of packing in battery case is pressed " power key " and is opened laser ranging system, and the instrument acquiescence enters single hop range observation pattern; Pin " power key " and closed instrument in about 2 seconds.If instrument was not operated in 5 minutes, instrument will cut out automatically to save battery electric quantity.The measuring basis of instrument acquiescence is the tail end of this instrument, pressing " measuring basis switch key " repeatedly can carry out benchmark switching setting at the tripod nut location of instrument, the front end of instrument, the extension rod of instrument and the tail end of instrument, and next measurement will begin with the reference position that the user sets.After the shutdown, measuring basis is reduced to the tail end of instrument automatically.The unit's of pressing shift key can carry out measuring unit and switch, and from " rice " to " millimeter " to " decimal system inch " to " mark inch " to " decimal system inch " switches to " mark inch " circulation again.
(1) begins to measure
Hold instrument and be placed on the starting point of prepare measuring, open laser, the target measured is wanted in laser aiming, measure by once " measurement key " again by " measurement key ".
(2) remove current measured value
Remove current measured value by " clear key ", the measured value before showing simultaneously.At area, volume, collude under burst measurement pattern, can turn back to single hop range observation pattern by clear key repeatedly.
(3) single hop range observation
A, open laser range finder by " power key ", instrument enters single hop range observation pattern (Fig. 4) automatically.
B, open laser by " measurement key ", laser indication icon glimmers from bottom to top, laser beam is concentrated one's gaze on the target that will measure.
C, measure by once " measurement key " again.
D, measurement result are presented at the most descending of screen with the cardinal principle word, measure end back laser and close (Fig. 5) automatically.
E, to carry out the second time and measure, open laser by once " measurement key " again, measure numerical value for the first time and upwards move delegation and show (Fig. 6).
F, concentrate one's gaze on new target, carry out measurement second time by once " measurement key " again.
G, for the second time measurement data is in the most descending demonstration of screen, measures to finish back laser and close (Fig. 7) automatically.
H, above the 5th to 7 step of repetition are carried out new linear measure longimetry.
Other functional measurement step is with single-ended range observation.

Claims (6)

1. a hand-held laser ranging system is characterized in that, comprising:
Generating laser is used for to target emission laser ranging signal to be measured;
DDS frequency generation module is used for providing high-frequency modulation signal to described generating laser and I/Q modulation module, and wherein the frequency of high-frequency modulation signal is 500~1000MHz;
The I/Q modulation module receives i/q signal and to modulating from the high-frequency modulation signal of DDS frequency generation module, the back signal is modulated in output;
APD mixing receiver module is used to receive the laser ranging signal that returns from target to be measured, and signal after the modulation of this laser ranging signal and the transmission of I/Q modulation module is carried out Frequency mixing processing, the low frequency signal of output band phase differential;
The low frequency amplification module is used for converting the low frequency signal of described band phase differential to low-frequency voltage signal;
Micro controller module is used for producing and to I/Q modulation module output i/q signal, also is used to receive the low-frequency voltage signal from described low frequency amplification module, and this low-frequency voltage signal is carried out phase discrimination processing, and the distance signal that obtains target to be measured is to export.
2. hand-held laser ranging system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also is provided with the signal amplification module that is connected between I/Q modulation module and the APD mixing receiver module, is used for amplifying modulating the back signal.
3. hand-held laser ranging system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also is provided with the high pressure generation module that is controlled by described micro controller module, and this high pressure generation module provides back biased voltage to APD mixing receiver module.
4. hand-held laser ranging system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also is provided with the button and the display module that link to each other with micro controller module.
5. hand-held laser ranging system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described micro controller module also is connected with power module, and the micro controller module that passes through that all the other each assemblies are direct or indirect obtains operating voltage.
6. hand-held laser ranging system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the frequency of described high-frequency modulation signal is 600~800MHz.
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CN104677486A (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-06-03 中国航空工业集团公司第六三一研究所 Aero-engine vibration signal phase measurement method based on revolving speed pulse reconstruction
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CN108709617A (en) * 2018-07-02 2018-10-26 唐山东道网络科技有限公司 A kind of silo check weighing system and its method based on NB-IoT
CN108717198A (en) * 2018-05-04 2018-10-30 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 A kind of space non-cooperative target relative navigation system error compensation amendment filtering method
CN109917405A (en) * 2019-03-04 2019-06-21 中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所 A kind of laser distance measurement method and system
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CN104677486B (en) * 2013-11-27 2017-10-24 中国航空工业集团公司第六三一研究所 The aero-engine vibration signal Method for Phase Difference Measurement reconstructed based on tacho-pulse
CN103760566A (en) * 2014-01-08 2014-04-30 苏州新桥电子科技有限公司 Laser ranging system
CN104142504A (en) * 2014-03-26 2014-11-12 常州大地测绘科技有限公司 Pulse-based laser distance measuring instrument and distance measuring method thereof
CN104977589A (en) * 2015-06-17 2015-10-14 王振兴 High-precision and large-bandwidth laser ranging device and method for improving precision and bandwidth of laser ranging
CN105577352A (en) * 2015-12-11 2016-05-11 浙江大学 Digitalization remote phase synchronization method and system achieved based on phase domains
CN105577352B (en) * 2015-12-11 2018-05-15 浙江大学 The long-range phase synchronization method of digitlization and system realized based on phase field
CN108169755A (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-06-15 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 A kind of High Precision Long-distance laser range finder and distance measuring method
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CN109917405A (en) * 2019-03-04 2019-06-21 中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所 A kind of laser distance measurement method and system
CN109917405B (en) * 2019-03-04 2021-09-03 中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所 Laser ranging method and system
CN111398978A (en) * 2019-11-26 2020-07-10 中国矿业大学 Improved medium-long range phase type laser range finder and range finding method
CN111398978B (en) * 2019-11-26 2023-11-03 中国矿业大学 Improved medium-and-long-range phase type laser range finder and range finding method
CN112525089A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-03-19 国网福建省电力有限公司 Method for measuring axis of hydroelectric generating set
CN113671516A (en) * 2021-08-05 2021-11-19 湖南大学 Car lamp distance measuring device and method thereof
CN113671516B (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-07-25 湖南大学 Car lamp ranging device and method thereof
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Application publication date: 20130731