CN103225032B - Rare-earth-oxide-doped W-Cu composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rare-earth-oxide-doped W-Cu composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 rare-earth salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000713 high-energy ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical group O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003657 tungsten Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BXJPTTGFESFXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Y+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O BXJPTTGFESFXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N Ethanolamine Oleate Chemical compound NCCO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z decaazanium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;hydron;trioxotungsten Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002422 La(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a W-Cu composite material which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 5-30 wt% of Cu, 0.5-2 wt% of rare-earth oxide and the balance of W. The invention also provides a preparation method of the W-Cu composite material. The density of the composite material is up to 99.2%, the density uniformized coefficient of different positions is less than 5%, the room temperature tensile strength is greater than 900 MPa, the elongation percentage is greater than 10%, and the fracture toughness K1C is greater than 28 MPa.m<1/2>; and thus, the composite material satisfies the performance requirements of electric contact materials and liner materials for complete density, structure uniformity, ablation resistance and the like of the W-Cu alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of nano material and powder metallurgical technology, the preparation method of the W-Cu matrix material of a kind of rare earth doped oxide compound particularly adopting nanotechnology to prepare.
Background technology
The W-Cu matrix material be made up of W and Cu has the advantage of W and Cu concurrently, namely has the characteristics such as high-density, the high velocity of sound, high thermal conductivity, high temperature resistant, anti-yaw damper, is widely used in contact material, rocket nozzle throat liner material and petroleum perforation charge material etc.And traditional W-Cu matrix material adopts mechanical alloying+high-temperature liquid-phase sintering or infiltration method, W-Cu matrix material density is low, homogeneity of structure is poor, anti-yaw damper ability is weak, restricts its application in the sophisticated technology such as aerospace, defence and military field.
According to the current achievement in research to tungsten-copper alloy highly malleablized, in tungsten-copper alloy, rare earth doped oxide compound is the effective means improving this alloy property, and therefore obtaining equally distributed rare earth oxide particles Doped Tungsten copper alloy will be the effective ways solving these problems above.Chinese patent ZL200810017440.2, with copper powder, oxidation tungsten powder, cerous nitrate xln, salpeter solution for raw material, is dissolved in salpeter solution by copper, Tungsten oxide 99.999, cerous nitrate, and after being stirred to pulpous state, drying, Ce (NO3)
4cracking, WO
3with techniques such as CuO hot hydrogen reduction, obtain WCu-CeO
2composite powder; Namely this composite powder is obtained WCu-CeO after pressed compact, sintering, infiltration copper
2contact material.Owing to adopting infiltration process for copper, and ooze copper temperature more than 1200 DEG C, easily form copper rich region at regional area, vacuum arc is assembled in territory, copper rich region and is caused local melting, cause the excessive spatter of copper liquid, formed and concentrate ablated area, extra-high pressure can not be met to contact material service requirements.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of rare earth doped oxide compound W-Cu matrix material, obtained microstructure of composite evenly tiny, density is high, and W content was greater than for 70% (referring to massfraction, identical below).
The object of the invention is to be realized by following measures:
A kind of W-Cu matrix material, is characterized in that: the Cu content of described W-Cu matrix material is 5 ~ 30wt%, and rare earth oxide content is 0.5 ~ 2wt%, and surplus is W, by percentage to the quality.The rare earth oxide of certain content is effectively arrested in the gathering between high-temperature liquid-phase sintering stage W-W, thus minimizing hole is grown up, and rare earth oxide energy pinning dislocation etc., make W, Cu phase rate of diffusion substantially suitable, improve material density, toughness etc. simultaneously.
Above-mentioned rare earth oxide comprises yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum sesquioxide.
The preparation method of above-mentioned W-Cu matrix material, comprise the preparation of W-Cu powder, the compacting of precast billet, sintering, forging step, be sintered to solid-liquid compound sintering method described in it is characterized in that, solid phase sintering temperature is 900 ~ 1050 DEG C, and sintering time is 30 ~ 60min; Liquid phase sintering conditions is 1100 ~ 1300 DEG C, and sintering time is 60 ~ 120min, and protective atmosphere is hydrogen.Preferably, solid phase sintering temperature is 1000 ~ 1050 DEG C, and sintering time is 30 ~ 45min; Liquid phase sintering conditions is 1150 ~ 1200 DEG C, and sintering time is 90 ~ 120min, and protective atmosphere is hydrogen.On the one hand tungsten copper is fully spread, improve the homogeneity of blank; Reduce sintering grow distortion on the other hand, and the volatilization of copper, ensure consistence of composition and stability.
The preparation method of above-mentioned W-Cu matrix material, also comprises the multiway forging after sintering, and forging temperature is 700 ~ 950 DEG C, and forging time is 5 ~ 30min, deformation extent 60 ~ 80%.Preferably, forging temperature is 800 ~ 900 DEG C, and forging time is 5 ~ 10min, deformation extent 60 ~ 70%.By viscous deformation, effectively improve the ductility of material, reduce the portion of residual hole in sintering stage, ensure density and the homogeneity of material.
The preparation of above-mentioned W-Cu powder comprises mixing raw material obtain solution, atomization drying, calcining, high-energy ball milling, hot hydrogen reduction, it is characterized in that: in described mixing raw material obtain solution, and the concentration of described solution is 10 ~ 25wt%, and the pH value of regulator solution is 3 ~ 4.Preferably, the concentration of described solution is 15 ~ 20wt%, and employing concentration is the pH value of 10% dust technology regulator solution is 3.5.Described solution-stabilized, without precipitation.
In above-mentioned atomization drying, inlet temperature is 250 ~ 400 DEG C, discharge port temperature 80 ~ 150 DEG C, and nozzle speed of rotation is 10000 ~ 30000r/min.Preferably, inlet temperature is 300 ~ 350 DEG C, discharge port temperature 100 ~ 120 DEG C, and nozzle speed of rotation is 15000 ~ 30000r/min.Greatly reduce composite granule water content (weight fraction is less than 3%), and the recovery rate of powder is greater than 85%, ensure that the homogeneity of oxidation of precursor composition granule size, and reduces the agglomeration of powder.
The preparation method of above-mentioned W-Cu matrix material, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: select soluble tungsten salt, mantoquita and rare-earth salts, add the mantoquita surface complexation agent of 10 ~ 15ml/L, mixing raw material preparation 10 ~ 25wt% solution, employing concentration is the pH value of 10% dust technology regulator solution is 3 ~ 4; Carry out atomization drying, atomization drying inlet temperature is 250 ~ 400 DEG C, discharge port temperature 80 ~ 150 DEG C, and nozzle speed of rotation is 15000 ~ 30000r/min; Moisture content in 300 ~ 500 DEG C of calcining 1 ~ 2h removal dissolved salts and part complexing agent, 600 ~ 800 DEG C of calcining 1 ~ 2h form the oxidation of precursor powder of composite granules; Carry out high-energy ball milling, ratio of grinding media to material, namely abrading-ball is 5: 1 ~ 10: 1 with powder quality ratio, and rotational speed of ball-mill is 200 ~ 500r/min, Ball-milling Time 3 ~ 8h, with liquid nitrogen, ethanol etc. for protective medium; Carry out the hot hydrogen reduction of two steps, through 300 ~ 500 DEG C of reductase 12 ~ 4h, pass into hydrogen, hydrogen flowing quantity is 0.08L/min, then through 600 ~ 900 DEG C of reductase 12 ~ 4h, passes into hydrogen, and flow is 0.16L/min, obtains W-Cu composite powder;
Step 2: by the thin brilliant W-Cu composite powder containing rare earth oxide of preparation in step 1, adopt two-way isostatic pressed drawing method, prepare the required precast billet such as excellent base, square billet, biscuit, pressing pressure is 150 ~ 200MPa; On the one hand, obtained the precast billet of definite shape by compacting, improve the intensity of powder, be conducive to carrying and sintering; On the other hand, the precast billet (density is less than 75%) of different density can be obtained by compacting, improve the homogeneity of diffuser efficiency and material.
Step 3: by precast billet prepared in step 2, adopt solid-liquid compound sintering method, prepare the W-Cu matrix material of rare earth doped oxide compound, solid phase sintering temperature is 900 ~ 1050 DEG C, and sintering time is 30 ~ 60min; Liquid phase sintering conditions is 1100 ~ 1300 DEG C, and sintering time is 60 ~ 120min, and protective atmosphere is hydrogen;
Step 4: by sintering blank prepared in step 3, adopt multiway forging method, forging temperature is 700 ~ 950 DEG C, deformation extent 60 ~ 80%.
Above-mentioned soluble tungsten salt is one or more in ammonium paratungstate, ammonium metawolframate, sodium wolframate, metatungstic acid sodium xln; Soluble copper salt is one or more in cupric nitrate, copper sulfate, copper chloride crystal body; Described rare earth oxide comprises yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum sesquioxide.Soluble rare-earth salt is one or more in Yttrium trinitrate, cerous nitrate, lanthanum nitrate xln; The agent of mantoquita surface complexation is one or more in trolamine, polyoxyethylene glycol, thanomin.
Beneficial effect
(1) W-Cu microstructure of composite of the present invention is evenly tiny, and W crystal grain Fisher particle size is 1.0 ~ 4.0 μm, and rare earth oxide size range is 30 ~ 100nm, and even dispersion is distributed in W-Cu material.
(2) the matrix material density prepared of the present invention is up to 99.2%, and the even density coefficient of different sites is less than 5%, and room temperature tensile intensity is greater than 900MPa, and unit elongation is greater than 10%, fracture toughness property K
1Cbe greater than 28MPam
1/2.
(3) W-Cu composite powder prepared by the nanotechnology that the present invention adopts, rare earth doped oxide compound can improve the intensity of bonding phase Cu, and can improve the sintering activity of powder, and sintering temperature can reduce about 100 DEG C.
(4) the present invention adds the rare earth oxide of certain content in W-Cu composite powder, effectively suppresses W-W phase to be assembled, improve thermal sintering and the forgeability of powder in hot hydrogen reduction, high temperature sintering, multiway forging process.
(5) densification process of the present invention's employing, reduces hole and passage that in liquid sintering process, VISCOUS FLOW causes, significantly improves homogeneity of structure and the density of W-Cu matrix material.
(6) the present invention adopts nanotechnology to prepare the composite powder of doped with rare-earth oxide tungsten-copper alloy, doped with rare-earth oxide not only plays dispersion-strengthened action, but also can effectively stop W-W phase to be assembled, play pinning dislocation at multiway forging densification process, improve the intensity of bonding phase Cu and the thermal activation energy of recrystallization process grain growth.Therefore, the present invention is a kind of technology of preparing that can obtain nano rare-earth oxide doping tungsten-copper alloy, is the key point improved W-Cu alloy property and expand its Application Areas further.
(7) the W-Cu matrix material of rare earth doped oxide compound prepared of the present invention, meets electrical contact material, shaped charge material to performance requriementss such as W-Cu alloy full densification, homogeneous microstructure, anti-yaw damper.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details:
Embodiment 1
(1) adopt the hot hydrogen reduction method preparation of mixing solutions-atomization drying-calcining-high-energy ball milling-(low temperature+high temperature) two step containing the W-5Cu composite powder of rare earth oxide; Take 31.8g copper chloride crystal body, 271.9g ammonium metawolframate xln, 2g Yttrium trinitrate xln, 3g polyoxyethylene glycol, be dissolved in 660ml deionized water, be mixed with the solution that concentration is 10%, and add concentration be 10% salpeter solution regulate above-mentioned solution ph to be 4, and leave standstill 30min, obtain stable mixing salt solution;
Mixing salt solution is carried out atomization drying, inlet temperature is 250 DEG C, discharge port temperature 80 DEG C, nozzle speed of rotation is 20000r/min, obtain oxide compound mixed powder presoma, in atmosphere oxide powder presoma is calcined again, moisture content in 300 DEG C of insulation 2h removal dissolved salts and part complexing agent, 600 DEG C of insulation 2h, obtain oxidation of precursor composite powder; Ball milling 3h on high energy ball mill, ratio of grinding media to material is 8: 1, rotating speed 400r/min, and liquid nitrogen is protective medium; Adverse current is adopted to lead to H
2reduction furnace, by oxidation of precursor composite powder respectively low temperature 400 DEG C, each reductase 12 h under high temperature 700 DEG C of two benches, hydrogen flowing quantity is respectively 0.08L/min, 0.16L/min, obtains the W-5Cu composite powder containing rare earth oxide that granularity is less than below 100nm.
(2) the method short run in employing (1) produces the W-5Cu composite powder containing rare earth oxide, and apply two-way isostatic pressed drawing method, pressing pressure is 200MPa, is pressed into the biscuit of φ 60 × 50mm.
(3) biscuit is carried out solid-liquid complex sintered, solid phase sintering temperature 1050 DEG C of pre-burning 45min; Liquid phase sintering conditions 1300 DEG C of pre-burning 60min.
(4) precast billet of sintering is carried out densification on multiway forging machine, initial forging temperature is 950 DEG C, final forging temperature is 820 DEG C, forging time is 10min, deformation extent 65%, and the W-Cu microstructure of composite obtained is evenly tiny, W crystal grain Fisher particle size is 1.0 ~ 4.0 μm, rare earth oxide size range is 50 ~ 100nm, and density is greater than 99.2%, and the oxygen in powder, hydrogen richness are less than 0.2wt%.Obtained heat conductivity is 185 ~ 200W/mk, and room temperature tensile intensity is greater than 1100MPa, and unit elongation is greater than 10%, fracture toughness property K
1Cbe greater than 28MPam
1/2, even density coefficient is less than 3%.
Embodiment 2
(1) adopt the hot hydrogen reduction method preparation of mixing solutions-atomization drying-calcining-high-energy ball milling-(low temperature+high temperature) two step containing the W-20Cu composite powder of rare earth oxide; Take 97g cupric sulphate crystal body, 128g metatungstic acid sodium xln, 3g cerous nitrate xln, 3g trolamine, be dissolved in 740ml deionized water, be mixed with the solution that concentration is 30%, and add concentration be 10% salpeter solution regulate above-mentioned solution ph to be 3, and leave standstill 30min, obtain stable mixing salt solution; Mixing salt solution is carried out atomization drying, inlet temperature is 400 DEG C, discharge port temperature 150 DEG C, nozzle speed of rotation is 30000r/min, obtain oxide compound mixed powder presoma, in atmosphere oxide powder presoma is calcined again, moisture content in 500 DEG C of insulation 1h removal dissolved salts and part complexing agent, 800 DEG C of insulation 1h, obtain oxidation of precursor composite powder; Ball milling 5h on high energy ball mill, ratio of grinding media to material is 5: 1, rotating speed 500r/min, and liquid nitrogen is protective medium; Adverse current is adopted to lead to H
2reduction furnace, by oxidation of precursor composite powder respectively low temperature 500 DEG C, each reductase 12 .5h under high temperature 900 DEG C of two benches, hydrogen flowing quantity is respectively 0.08L/min, 0.16L/min, obtains the W-20Cu composite powder containing rare earth oxide that granularity is less than below 100nm;
(2) the method short run in employing (1) produces the W-20Cu composite powder containing rare earth oxide, and apply two-way isostatic pressed drawing method, pressing pressure is 200MPa, is pressed into the square billet of 60 × 50 × 30mm.
(3) square billet is carried out solid-liquid complex sintered, solid phase sintering temperature is 1000 DEG C, and sintering time is 45min; Liquid phase sintering conditions is 1200 DEG C, and soaking time is 90min.
(4) precast billet of sintering is carried out densification on multiway forging machine, initial forging temperature is 900 DEG C, final forging temperature is 800 DEG C, forging time is 5min, deformation extent 60%, and the W-Cu microstructure of composite obtained is evenly tiny, W crystal grain Fisher particle size is 1.0 ~ 4.0 μm, rare earth oxide size range is 40 ~ 70nm, and density is greater than 99%, and the oxygen in powder, hydrogen richness are less than 0.2wt%.Obtained heat conductivity is 220 ~ 245W/mk, room temperature tensile intensity is greater than 1000MPa, and unit elongation is greater than 15%, fracture toughness property K
1Cbe greater than 32.5MPam
1/2, even density coefficient is less than 4.5%.
Embodiment 3
(1) adopt the hot hydrogen reduction method preparation of mixing solutions-atomization drying-calcining-high-energy ball milling-(low temperature+high temperature) two step containing the W-30Cu composite powder of rare earth oxide; Take 125g cupric nitrate xln, 103g order of ammoniumparatungstate crystal, 2g lanthanum nitrate xln, 3g thanomin, be dissolved in 770ml deionized water, be mixed with the solution that concentration is 20%, and add concentration be 10% salpeter solution regulate above-mentioned solution ph to be 3.5, and leave standstill 30min, obtain stable mixing salt solution; Mixing salt solution is carried out atomization drying, inlet temperature is 300 DEG C, discharge port temperature 100 DEG C, nozzle speed of rotation is 15000r/min, obtain oxide compound mixed powder presoma, in atmosphere oxide powder presoma is calcined again, moisture content in 400 DEG C of insulation 1.5h removal dissolved salts and part complexing agent, 700 DEG C of insulation 1.5h, obtain oxidation of precursor composite powder; Ball milling 5h on high energy ball mill, ratio of grinding media to material is 5: 1, rotating speed 300r/min, and liquid nitrogen is protective medium; Adverse current is adopted to lead to H
2reduction furnace, by oxidation of precursor composite powder respectively low temperature 450 DEG C, respectively reduce 3h under high temperature 850 DEG C of two benches, hydrogen flowing quantity is respectively 0.08L/min, 0.16L/min, obtains the W-30Cu composite powder containing rare earth oxide that granularity is less than below 100nm;
(2) the method short run in employing (1) produces the W-30Cu composite powder containing rare earth oxide, and apply two-way isostatic pressed drawing method, pressing pressure is 190MPa, is pressed into the biscuit of φ 60 × 50mm.
(3) cake is carried out solid-liquid complex sintered, solid phase sintering temperature is 1000 DEG C, and sintering time is 60min; Liquid phase sintering conditions is 1150 DEG C, and soaking time is 120min.
(4) precast billet of sintering is carried out densification on multiway forging machine, initial forging temperature is 900 DEG C, final forging temperature is 800 DEG C, forging time 10min, deformation extent 60%, the W-Cu microstructure of composite obtained is evenly tiny, W crystal grain Fisher particle size is 1.0 ~ 4.0 μm, rare earth oxide size range is 30 ~ 50nm, and density is greater than 99.2%, and the oxygen in powder, hydrogen richness are less than 0.2wt%.Obtained heat conductivity is 260 ~ 275W/mk, room temperature tensile intensity is greater than 900MPa, and unit elongation is greater than 17%, fracture toughness property K
1Cbe greater than 36.5MPam
1/2, even density coefficient is less than 5%.
Embodiment 4
Undertaken by following parameter, other condition is all identical with embodiment 1.
In above-described embodiment, the chemical formula and molecular weight etc. of dissolved salt is as shown in the table:
| Xln title | Chemical formula | Molecular weight | Metal element content |
| Copper sulfate | CuSO 4·5H 2O | 249.68 | Be 25.43% containing Cu |
| Cupric chloride | CuCl 2·2H 2O | 170.48 | Be 37.25% containing Cu |
| Cupric nitrate | Cu(NO 3) 2·3H 2O | 241.6 | Be 26.28% containing Cu |
| Ammonium metawolframate | (NH 4) 6H 2W 12O 40·H 2O | 3029 | Be 69.78% containing W |
| Lanthanum nitrate | La(NO 3) 3·6H 2O | 433.61 | Be 32.04% containing La |
| Cerous nitrate | Ce(NO 3) 4·6H 2O | 434.82 | Be 32.25% containing Ce |
| Yttrium trinitrate | Y(NO 3) 3·6H 2O | 383.6 | Be 23.17% containing Y |
Claims (4)
1. a W-Cu matrix material, is characterized in that: the Cu content of described W-Cu matrix material is 5 ~ 30wt%, and rare earth oxide content is 0.5 ~ 2wt%, and surplus is W, by percentage to the quality; Described rare earth oxide is yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum sesquioxide;
The preparation method of described W-Cu matrix material, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: select soluble tungsten salt, mantoquita and rare-earth salts, add the mantoquita surface complexation agent of 10 ~ 15ml/L, mixing raw material preparation 10 ~ 25wt% solution, employing concentration is the pH value of 10% dust technology regulator solution is 3 ~ 4; Carry out atomization drying, atomization drying inlet temperature is 250 ~ 400 DEG C, discharge port temperature 80 ~ 150 DEG C, and nozzle speed of rotation is 15000 ~ 30000r/min; Moisture content in 300 ~ 500 DEG C of calcining 1 ~ 2h removal dissolved salts and part complexing agent, 600 ~ 800 DEG C of calcining 1 ~ 2h form the oxidation of precursor powder of composite granules; Carry out high-energy ball milling, ratio of grinding media to material, namely abrading-ball is 5: 1 ~ 10: 1 with powder quality ratio, and rotational speed of ball-mill is 200 ~ 500r/min, Ball-milling Time 3 ~ 8h, with liquid nitrogen, ethanol for protective medium; Carry out the hot hydrogen reduction of two steps, through 300 ~ 500 DEG C of reductase 12 ~ 4h, pass into hydrogen, hydrogen flowing quantity is 0.08L/min, then through 600 ~ 900 DEG C of reductase 12 ~ 4h, passes into hydrogen, and flow is 0.16L/min, obtains W-Cu composite powder;
Step 2: by the thin brilliant W-Cu composite powder containing rare earth oxide of preparation in step 1, adopt two-way isostatic pressed drawing method to prepare precast billet, pressing pressure is 150 ~ 200MPa;
Step 3: by precast billet prepared in step 2, adopt solid-liquid compound sintering method, prepare the W-Cu matrix material of rare earth doped oxide compound, solid phase sintering temperature is 900 ~ 1050 DEG C, and sintering time is 30 ~ 60min; Liquid phase sintering conditions is 1100 ~ 1300 DEG C, and sintering time is 60 ~ 120min, and protective atmosphere is hydrogen;
Step 4: by sintering blank prepared in step 3, adopt multiway forging method, forging temperature is 700 ~ 950 DEG C, and forging time is 5 ~ 30min, deformation extent 60 ~ 80%.
2. the W-Cu matrix material as described in claim 1, solid phase sintering temperature is 1000 ~ 1050 DEG C, and sintering time is 30 ~ 45min; Liquid phase sintering conditions is 1150 ~ 1200 DEG C, and sintering time is 90 ~ 120min, and protective atmosphere is hydrogen.
3. the W-Cu matrix material as described in claim 1, multiway forging temperature is 800 ~ 950 DEG C, and forging time is 5 ~ 10min, deformation extent 60 ~ 65%.
4. the W-Cu matrix material as described in claim 1,2 or 3, in described mixing raw material obtain solution, the concentration of described solution is 15 ~ 20wt%, and employing concentration is the pH value of 10% dust technology regulator solution is 3.5.
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| CN113634761A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-12 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparation method of rare earth oxide reinforced tungsten-copper-based composite material |
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