CN103223850A - Travel device of pure electric car - Google Patents

Abstract

A travel device of a pure electric car is an additional device which changes an ordinary pure electric car into a simple split type hybrid power car at an ultralow cost. The travel device comprises power generation equipment (13) driven by a small-sized combustion motor (1) and a driving device. A set of the power generation equipment (13) driven by the small-sized combustion motor (1) and the driving device provided with a single wheel are added on the low-speed pure electric car. The travel device is suitable for an electric car which takes a lead storage battery as the only power source and has motor power of lower than 6 kW. The purposes of the travel device are as follows: the disadvantage that a conventional pure electric car cannot travel for a long distance is overcome at the lowest cost; and under the condition that the comfort degree of a passenger is guaranteed, a travel manner which is good in safety, most environment-friendly and most economical at the same time is created.

Description

Pure electric sedan long journey device

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of long journey device of low speed pure electric sedan, be a kind of with common pure electric automobile become easily, the additional device of the detachable hybrid vehicle of Ultra Low Cost.

Background technology:

Pure electric automobile is the most energy-conservation, environmental protection, most economical a kind of vehicle, also is country's vehicle of advocating development energetically (state subsidies are the highest 60,000 yuan, the not number of shaking of Beijing, do not restrict driving).

2011, it is 1 year that pure electric automobile meets with the Waterloo, sales volume falls sharply, and the bend plan of overtaking other vehicles of China is seriously baffled (a year sales volume only is two millesimals of fuel-engined vehicle), and the plan of Obama's new forms of energy is thoroughly fallen flat, and (U.S.'s plan realized 1,000,000 of electronlmobil production and marketing in 2015, Total sales volume was 1.46 ten thousand in actual 2011), trace it to its cause, mainly be 5 points: 1. capacity of cell is little, can not go on a long journey, just in case electricity is used up, have only in tow on the road.2. battery price height, life-span weak point be can not afford.3. battery-charging station is not popularized, and Lu Shangnan finds.4. charging duration is long, can not wait.5. plumbous electric weight is big, capacity is little; Lithium electricity price lattice height, easy blast on fire.

At present, two kinds of pure electric automobile branch high speed and low speed, high speed pure electric automobile motor power (output) is more than 15KW, more than the F-Zero 100Km/h, storage battery uses lithium cell (cobalt, titanium, nickel, LiMn2O4), ferric phosphate lithium cell or Ni-MH battery, big factory produces by famous brand, price is all more than 150,000 yuans, low speed pure electric automobile motor power (output) is below 6KW, below the F-Zero 60Km/h, storage battery uses lead battery, is produced by famous brand big factory, and price is all below 60,000 yuans.Produced by the little factory of mountain vallage, motor power (output) is below 4KW, and price is all below 40,000 yuans.

Because the battery stores energy is very little, the lithium ion battery of capacity maximum has only 0.72MJ/kg, and plumbous electricity only has 0.13MJ/kg especially, compare with gasoline 46MJ/kg, diesel oil 42MJ/kg, and be very little really.Therefore, pure electric automobile can't go on a long journey instantly; Want at present realizing long journey under the engineering factor, the one, rely on the breakthrough of battery technology, but storage battery invented 150 years, it almost is illusion that this ancient technology wants to have breakthrough at no distant date; The 2nd, popularize battery-charging station in China, this plan is subjected to the electronlmobil popularity rate low, must be that the restriction that loss is managed and charging duration is long also is difficult to carry out (fast charge is very big to the battery age influence), unique feasible long journey technical scheme just be to use hybrid power.

At present, the hybrid power of high-speed car is realized already, but the problem that mixed now electrical automobile exists mainly is the cost height.Add the necessary lithium cell of suitable capacity that is equipped with little in batches owing to using two cover engine installations, (it is sharp about 31～350,000 to mix moving triumphant U.S. of Guangzhou Honda, with the sharp ability about 200,000 of the moving triumphant U.S. of oil of class even the price of domestic car also is difficult to be reduced to below 150,000 yuans; It is moving 16.68 ten thousand that BYD F3DM mixes, compare the moving F3 of common oil just 40,000 less than).

Mixed electrical automobile has oil consumption low (general 3L/100Km), blowdown is few, plurality of advantages such as energy long journey, why not sell well is that yet? reason that common people are unappreciative or price problem, it is general more expensive more than 100,000 yuan than the pure oily electrical automobile with class to mix electrical automobile, calculate for 7 yuan/liter by present oil price, the money can be bought gasoline liter more than 10,000 4 thousand, oil electrical automobile average fuel consumption 7L/100Km, many 4L than mixing moving per 100 km, run 350,000 kilometers and could economize out the money from You Li, home vehicle generally will run and could run 350,000 kilometers in 20 years.Conclusion is: present mixed electrical automobile is the same with electricity-saving lamp then, is the consumables of a kind of " the energy-conservation money that do not save ", and not saving money is the present unwelcome major cause of mixed electrical automobile.

Summary of the invention:

This case discloses a kind of long journey device of pure electric automobile, and purpose is with minimum cost, overcomes the disadvantage that pure electric automobile can not go on a long journey, and is guaranteeing under the condition of comfort of passenger, create a kind of safety good, be again simultaneously environmental protection, most economical long journey mode.

This case is specifically designed on the low speed pure electric automobile, and so-called low speed pure electric automobile is meant and uses lead battery as unique propulsion source, and motor power (output) is less than 6KW, and maximum speed is less than the electrocar of 60Km/h.Can't be applied on the high speed electric car that uses lithium cell because of reason this case of cost and power.

Technical scheme is on common low speed pure electric automobile, and increase by one cover moves with car, by the generating set and the single wheel drive device of compact internal combustion engine drive.When the electric energy of storage battery is soon used up, starting combustion engine generating or driving, just can realize the long journey of pure electric automobile.

Compact internal combustion engine is meant to have only a cylinder and the cylinder bore diameter driving engine less than 80mm, for example 125,150,175,200,250 model motorcycle gasoline engine or 170, small diesel engines such as 175.The generating set that drives can use 1～3 diesel car to be in series with the 28V silicon rectification generator, and actuating device can increase can dynamic wheel lifting, that be positioned at centre, two trailing wheel rears by one of ICE-powered, just can finish above-mentioned long journey target.

The beneficial effect of this case is:

1. guaranteed the long journey comfort of passenger: the spring transportation of China is the difficult problem that one nothing separated, once had that 100,000 civilians worker ride that motor goes home in 2011 grand and touching scene, before have with police cars clearing the way, after have the motor main forces of being burdened with a family in insulting ice-cold cold wind, emitting ice and snow to move ahead.As everyone knows, motor bike is dangerous, the coldest a kind of in all vehicle, and its arduous property is well imagined.This case is the long journey device that increases on the basis of electrocar, and its comfort level and former electronlmobil are identical, near general car.Wish to promote after this case, above-mentioned herioc horrible sight is not recurred every year again.

2. created a kind of mode of transportation of environmental protection: the zero-emission of electronlmobil, noiselessness, its feature of environmental protection is universally acknowledged, when only going on a long journey in the countryside, this case just use oil moving, and nearly way can be used plug-in pure electronic in the city, the characteristics of oil electrical automobile are (the general average 9L/100Km in city of excessive fuel consumption more more slowly, highway 6L/100Km), electronlmobil but is that (the average electricity consumption in city is 14KWh/100Km in power saving more more slowly, highway is when speed 35Km/h is above, 16KWh/100Km), calculate by same transportation volume (passenger-kilometer), this case total release on average has only the float gauging to move below 1/4th of car, the discharging that can accomplish to be lower than motor bike fully is (though use motor cycle engine, but almost half above time does not work in the walking), be a kind of mode of transportation environmental protection and that can go on a long journey, can be and delay global warming, clearing urban air is made contributions.

3. be a kind of most economical long journey mode: the city, 7 fens (can take advantage of 4 people) of every kilometer about Renminbi of the electricity charge, only for below half of public transport ticket, the moving car fuel oil of oil take 1/9th; On the highway, below the per 100 km consumption gasoline 3L, or below the diesel oil 2L, half (gasoline) or 1/3rd (diesel oil) that has only the moving car of oil, same transportation volume, cost is only than train shagreen car ticket height a bit, be lower than new air-conditioning Express Passenger, especially far below long-distance bus; And degree of freedom and comfort feature are identical with car, are that above-mentioned any other mode of transportation is all unrivaled.This case batch cost is less than 3,000 yuans, added value only is 10% of a former pure electric vehicle car value, and unlike 75% (triumphant U.S. is sharp)～400% (BYD) that mixes motor-car at a high speed, 3,000 pairs 100,000, how saying it all is worthwhile, also is rising of can bearing of broad masses of the people, can " pay the cost that is lower than motor; obtain the enjoyment near car " at last substantially, so relatively be easy to promote.

4. a kind of safe mode of transportation is provided: general low speed electrocar had not both had safety strap, did not have safety air bag yet, more do not have ABS (braking anti-lock), but accident rate still is lower than general car, reason is with regard to a word: " slow." as the saying goes: " ten accidents nine times are fast." everybody knows: " safety overweights all ", " safety first ", " safety is exactly maximum saving "; but no matter who; special youngster; just almost everybody practices into the driver once open general car; the driving engine more than the 60KW, more than the F-Zero 160Km/h; 0～100Km/h pick-up time 14s, these three indexs have become the killing machine to automobile, die from people under the automotive wheel above World War II death toll summation.And low speed electrocar motor power (output) 4KW only, F-Zero limits 50Km/h, the pick-up time of 0～50Km/h 2 minutes and 35 seconds, and deceleration and stopping performance differs not too big with general car, who drives this car, has thought soon also soon not, wants to stop but stopping down, can only safe at a slow speed safe arrival destination, be difficult to take place traffic accident.

In fact, the speed of 50Km/h is all well and good, has reached the standard (walk one thousand li a day, night walk 800) of winged steed in the men of old dream, thinks can to go soon to take advantage of high ferro, by air, needn't take own fully and others' life of preciousness be made trifling matter, everyone is just once after all.Add present city block up (a few years from now on does not have too big improvement yet), fast again car at incity, China city average ground speed also with regard to 15Km/h, the high car of the speed of a motor vehicle except waste oil, blowdown many, dangerous, unique benefit has been exactly the self-conceit style of pendulum pendulum.

In sum, if present low speed pure electric automobile is used present technique, become with regard to variable that a kind of safety is good, comfort feature is good, economy is excellent, traveling comfort is good and the long journey vehicle of minimum discharge, even become the first-selection of ordinary people trip mode, alleviate spring transportation pressure.

Description of drawings:

Bottom in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1～4th, the installation site of this case on the low speed electrocar, the dash area that is decorated with oblique line among the figure is exactly the position of this case.

Fig. 1 is the profile position view of embodiment one (plug-in generator car).

Fig. 2 is the profile position view of embodiment two (reserve generating set).

Fig. 3 is the profile position view of embodiment three (preposition generating set).

Fig. 4 is the outside drawing of embodiment four (half hand steered pushing away), embodiment five (half motor pushes away).

Fig. 5 is the recent scheme drawing in side sectional elevation of this case embodiment one.

Fig. 6 is the outside drawing of this case embodiment two.

Fig. 7 is the drive path scheme drawing of this case embodiment four, five.

Fig. 8 is the schematic perspective view of the dynamic wheel lifting structure of this case embodiment four, five.

Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of this case embodiment one.

Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of this case embodiment four.

Among the figure: (Fig. 5) 1. driving engines, 2. fuel tank, 3. carburetter, 4. electrically operated valve, 5. airfilter, 6. outer cover, 7. fuel lid, Q. starter, 8. air-out louver, 9. belt tension adjusting bracket, 10. hangers, 11. belts, 12 small belt pulleys, 13. electrical generators, 14. wheels, 15. spring, 16. steel springs, 17. steel plate pins, 18. noise silencer, 19. big belt pulleys, X. big belt pulley, 20. support, 21. journal stirrup pins, 22. journal stirrups, 23. axletree, 24. brackets, 25. aiutages, 26. the air intake louver, 27. blowing engines, 28. micro-motors, 29. induced duct, (Fig. 6) 30. soft wind guiding tubes, 31. shelfs, 32. plug, 33. wire harness, 34. plunging joints, 35. clamp, 36. times aiutages, 37. vent connections, (Fig. 7) 38. evaporation water tanks, 39. tension wheel fulcrums, 40. soft wire skins, 41. soft wire, 42. clutch pedal shafts, 43. pedal of clutchs, 44. the tension wheel pressure arm, 45. tension wheel springs, 46. tween drive shafts, 47. minor sprocket, 48. tension wheels, 49. chains, 50. hinge wheel, 51. power wheel, 52. power wheel shafts, 53. tires, 54. belt pulley, 55. flywheel, 56. bent axles, (Fig. 8) 57. circulating water pipes, 58. heat radiation motor, 59. fan, 60. filler, 61. expansion buckets, 62. radiator, 63. big spring, 64. worm gears, 65. lifting motors, 66. worm screw, 67. capstan winch, 68. pulleys, 69. steel ropes, 70. travel switch, 71. collision block, 72. bearing seats, 73. stirrups, 74. yoke, (Fig. 9) 75. storage batterys, 76. reversing cut-off switchs, 77. former car ignition locks, 78. field switch, 79. voltage changer, 80. fuel cocks, 81. starter buttoies, (Q. starter) 82. Der Blink und Abblendschalters, 83. turn signal swich, 84. stop lamp switchs, 85. taillight switches, 86. back lamp socket, 87. back lamp plug, 88. right back steering indicating lights, 89. taillights, 90. brake lamp, 91. the back light group of generator car, 92. coolant-temperature switchs, 93. Ignition Modules, 94. high-tension coil, 95. light-up plug, 96. crank-position sensors, (Figure 10), 97. power wheel direction switch, 98. relay falls in wheel, 99. take turns and rise relay, the R. circuit of moveing backward.

The specific embodiment

This case has five schemes available: scheme one, two, three is similar, belongs to mixed the moving of connecting, and is generated electricity by engine driven generators, for charging or walking, goes on a long journey with additional accumulator capacity deficiency; Every kind is divided into recent scheme and scheme at a specified future date again.Scheme four, five is similar, belong in parallel mix moving, by one of engine drive can lifting the walking of intermediate power wheel, wheel drives generator for electricity generation again, goes on a long journey for charging or electric walking.

Scheme one: " plug-in generator car " scheme (being suitable for living the Plain, once in a while Yuan Hang user)

Scheme is seen Fig. 5 in the recent period,: driving engine 1 (this example is 125 types of electricity starting, cylinder diameter Φ 51.5 * 60, the air-cooled motor cycle engine of 6KW) is fixedly connected on the bracket 24 by support 20, bracket 24 belows are by axletree 23 of suspension gear fixed installation, and axletree 23 is equipped with two wheels 14; The sprocket wheel at the takeoff output place of driving engine 1 changes a big belt pulley 19 into, this big belt pulley 19 drives the small belt pulley 12 of 2～3 24V silicon rectifying generator for automobiles 13 by belt 11, electrical generator 13 bottoms are by journal stirrup pin 21 and the journal stirrup 22 that is welded on the bracket 24, being hinge is connected on the bracket 24, the tension force of belt 11 is then regulated on electrical generator 13 tops by belt tension adjusting bracket 9, tension adjustment frame 9 and bracket 24 are hinge and are connected by being welded on hangers 10 in the bracket 24, when driving engine 1 rotates, big belt pulley 19 rotates by the small belt pulley 12 that belt 11 drives on 13 of the electrical generators, electrical generator 13 rotors rotate thereupon, if this moment, electrical generator 13 was not introduced exciting current, then electrical generator 13 dallies, do not generate electricity, running resistance is also very little.If the field switch 78 (Fig. 9) of driver's opening installation on the electrocar instrument carrier panel, electrical generator 13 begin to generate electricity, electricity can all charge into storage battery or the electrical automobile of powering simultaneously walking and use.

Bracket 24 is the cage constructions that are welded by section bar, and the front is fixedly connected with drawbar, and outer cover 6 is equipped with in the outside; Because the present invention amounts to weight and has only about 60 kilograms, so it is just the simplest that suspension gear also uses, steel spring 16 is only used a slice, center fixed is connected on the axletree 23, front end is hinge by steel plate pin 17 with the hinge of leaf spring that is welded on bracket 24 bottoms and is connected, the rear end removable mounting is in the hinge of leaf spring that is welded on bracket 24 bottoms, and spring 15 can directly utilize the marshall springs of bicycle.For solving the heat dissipation problem of driving engine 1, to an air intake louver 26 be installed in a side of outer cover 6, blowing engine 27 is installed in air intake louver 26, this blowing engine 27 is driven by micro-motor 28,28 of micro-motors are by coolant-temperature switch 92 controls, coolant-temperature switch 92 is installed on the cylinder head fin of driving engine 1, it is open type bimetallic plate electrical contact switch, when the temperature of driving engine 1 reaches 80 ℃, the closing of contact of coolant-temperature switch 92, the power supply of connection micro-motor 28, blower 27 is rotated, by the 1 blowing cooling of 29 pairs of driving engines of induced duct, hot blast enters in the atmosphere by the air-out louver 8 that is installed in outer cover 6 opposite sides.

The top of bracket 24 is equipped with fuel tank 2, on the fuel feed pipe of fuel tank 2 bottoms, an electrically operated valve 4 is installed.The outside is installed an iron sheet outer cover 6 again, in case Exposure to Sunlight, wind, drench with rain; Aiutage 25 is guided to bracket 24 belows, and the noise silencer 18 that communicates with it just is fixedly mounted on the below of bracket 24; A cover rear taillight, brake lamp, left and right sides steering indicating light 91 (see figure 9)s will be installed in outer cover 6 back, and luminary can use inexpensive LED lamp to make, and these lamps link to each other with plug by wirning harness.

The repacking of electrocar is also very simple, just increase a little towing-hook (see figure 1) in the wings, increase several wires, several switches, two sockets of a plug (starter Q, generator excitation, the charging inlet of the electricity starting of a control driving engine 1 of two sockets; Another control taillight 89, brake lamp 90, rear directional 88), circuit is seen Fig. 9.

The power supply voltage of low speed electrocar has 48V at present, 60V, three kinds of 72V, in the recent scheme of present embodiment, if use for the 48V battery-driven car, can be with silicon rectification generator 13 series connection of the diesel car of two 28V, notice that one of them electrical generator 13 will insulate fully with fixed mount, if for 60V, 72V uses, can be with silicon rectification generator 13 series connection of the diesel car of three 28V, notice that wherein two electrical generators 13 will insulate fully with fixed mount, the purpose of scheme is utilized supply in a large number on the market in the recent period, the silicon rectification generator 13 of the ready-made motor cycle engine 1 and the 28V of diesel car is with cost-cutting.Similar Fig. 6 of the type of drive of the scheme at a specified future date of present embodiment: use plunging joint 34 by specially adapting as storage battery 75 charging valtages of one of customised driving engine 1 direct drive of this case and employed electrocar, special be the customised silicon rectification generator 13 of this case, can make like this that efficient is higher, cost is lower, more compact structure, fault rate are lower, also need not safeguard (need not adjust the belt degree of tightness).These electrical generator 13 power will be complementary with the power of driving engine 1, and desirable state is to equal 55%～60% of driving engine 1 rating horsepower, so just can make driving engine 1 often be operated in the oil-efficient state of middling speed, improve the economy of this case.The specific practice of scheme at a specified future date is: remove on the motor cycle engine 1 this case unnecessary portions, for example power-transfer clutch, change-speed box etc., and in driving engine outside increase wind scooper (see figure 6), so not only can simplified structure, expendable weight, cost-cutting, can also make more compact structure, need not safeguard, but driving engine 1 and electrical generator 13 all need customization, and cost can go up not down in the time of little in batches, and therefore scheme at a specified future date is suitable for producing in enormous quantities.

When electrocar does not go on a long journey at ordinary times, this case (example one, Fig. 5) can be put in storage room or the warehouse.When needing long journey, it is suspended on the little towing-hook that the electrocar rear increases newly, again wire harness and plug 32 are inserted, the lamp latch is changed (see Fig. 9, earlier back lamp socket 86 and back lamp plug 87 are unpluged, again the plug of the back light group 91 of generator car is inserted in the lamp socket 86 of back), open fuel lid 7, fill up fuel oil, screw fuel lid 7 again, just can go on a long journey.At first use electronic mode to roll away from outside the city, certain mileage has travelled, behind the urban district, when finding storage battery 75 power shortages, can open fuel cock 80 earlier, electric current enters electrically operated valve 4, electrically operated valve 4 is opened, fuel oil in the fuel tank 2 enters carburetter 3, utilize starter Q to carry out the electricity starting again, can press starter button 81, make starter Q rotate, air enters carburetter 3 from airfilter 5, motorcycle engine 1 is being started, opening field switch 78 after driving engine 1 normal operation, silicon rectification generator 13 begins generating, the electric energy that is sent all charges into storage battery 75 and the moving car walking of power supply is used, like this, can charge, because the electric energy that silicon rectification generator 13 is sent is (56V about 3KW while running, 60A), and electrocar when running row power consumption generally 1～1.5KW (48V, 20～30A), so after driving a vehicle 4～5 hours, storage battery 75 just can be substituted the bad for the good, at this moment, can kill engine 1, use storage battery 75 electric energy to drive a vehicle again 2～3 hours in pure electronic mode, in the homeward journey, be about to close on the urban district, must close oil and move, use pure electronic, strive for accomplishing that " car is just got home; electricity uses up just at the right time " is best, can accomplish the long journey of the most fuel-efficient (money).

The circuit diagram of this programme is seen Fig. 9, ignition lock 77 is former car equipments, with be the ACC shelves, when these shelves are connected, voltage changer 79 (also being former car equipment) energising work, 48V becomes 12V output, this output divides two-way up and down: the power supply of setting out on a journey Der Blink und Abblendschalter 82, turn signal swich 83, stop lamp switch 84, taillight switch 85, rear directional 88 arranged, taillight 89, brake lamp 90, these all are former car equipments, and then the back light group 91 of lamp socket 86, back lamp plug 87, generator car is back interpolations and reequips.The power supply of following road fuel feeding switch 80 arranged, the firing circuit of major control electrically operated valve 4, driving engine 1 and coolant-temperature switch 92, whether the work of coolant-temperature switch 92 control micro-motors 28, whether electrically operated valve 4 controls fuel feeding, firing circuit comprises Ignition Module 93, high-tension coil 94, light-up plug 95 and crank-position sensor 96, be the igniting part on the driving engine, power supply driving engine 1 could be worked, and cutting off the power supply, then driving engine 1 is flame-out.

This programme is suitable for living the Plain most, and the user of long journey uses once in a while again.Advantage is: electrocar is changed minimum (profile see and just increase by one after towing hook), the electrocar performance figure are almost had no effect, do not increase any burden of electrocar when not going on a long journey in the city at ordinary times, hang up the generating wagon box when crucial and can accomplish long journey again.Shortcoming is: higher to the reversing technical requirements during long journey, unless opened semi-mounted or drag for a short time, common people do not grasp, solution is also very simple, takes off during reversing, transfers excessively to hang up again, because the present invention is very light, the weight that only is equivalent to a fully loaded baggage car, a people just can realize plucking and hanging easily, has an accident for preventing the mistake reversing, can on charging socket, set up reversing cut-off switch 76, when the plug of plugging charging socket, reversing circuit R just disconnects, and can't move backward.Present embodiment can independently become a product, uses for the supporting long journey of the electrocar of selling and using.

Scheme two: " reserve generating set " scheme.(be suitable for region of no relief, not often the user of long journey)

This scheme is seen Fig. 6.Present low speed electrocar major part all is two end structures, it can be changed into three end structures, the boot that increases can be made baggage container at ordinary times and use, during long journey scheme one described generator set is put into boot, fix the clamp 35 that is installed on the boot base plate, connect plug 32, fill up fuel oil, buckle case cover and just can go on a long journey.Generator unit structure is seen Fig. 6, and is basic identical with at present popular generator set, all is to be welded into a shelf 31 with iron pipe or section bar, and the top is equipped with fuel tank 2, and bottom is fixed with driving engine 1 and electrical generator 13.Because scheme is used 125 ready-made motor cycle enginees 1 in the recent period, power-transfer clutch and change-speed box that this driving engine 1 has this case not need have not only increased cost, and weight is bigger, moves inconvenience.So driving engine 1 that this case scheme at a specified future date must use purpose made to simplify, and on driving engine 1, increase the fan and the fan housing of force-air cooling, but leave interface on the fan housing with light air tube 30 plug-in mountings, belt 11 is not used in transmission yet, and use plunging joint 34, only drive an electrical generator 13 that adapts with working voltage, the electric energy that electrical generator 13 is sent is received on the storage battery 75 of original electrocar by wire harness 33 and plug 32

All should leave vent window (but the reference example one of band louver about new boot, Fig. 5), the interface of aiutage 36 will be reserved in new boot bottom surface, base plate can a recessed place, aiutage 36 is suitable for reading under installing, the aiutage 25 of generator set will be lacked and one section, links to each other by vent connection 37 during use, aiutage 36 and noise silencer 18 is installed below the car.Wherein the vent window on the boot left side flexibly connects by the ventilation inlet of soft wind guiding tube 30 with unit with the blowing engine 27 that is fixed on cooling usefulness in the boot.Circuit of this case and scheme one are basic identical, and difference is: electrical generator 13 is not two series connection, but has only one; The above part (back light partial circuit 82～91, Fig. 9 top) of dotted line does not all have.

The advantage of this scheme is: the performance figure to former electrocar almost have no effect, and can accomplish long journey again.When not going on a long journey at ordinary times, this case (generator set) can be put in storage room or the warehouse, not increase any burden of electrocar, boot Lee that also can let pass.When needing long journey, drop it off in the electrocar boot, connect aiutage and blowing engine airduct, again electric wire is inserted, fill up fuel oil, just can go on a long journey.

The shortcoming of this programme is: the profile of former electrocar is changed bigger, during long journey interim install generator set probably people remove motionlessly, can not get on, need look for the people to help, not too convenient.

Scheme three: " preposition generating set " scheme.(being suitable for living the Plain, often the user of long journey)

Present low speed electrocar is arranged: precedingly turn to, rear drive, the 48V storage battery is in series by 8 6V230Ah, and wherein 4 are arranged under the car bonnet, and other 4 are installed in back row's seat down.This programme is that 4 storage batterys under the former car bonnet are removed, 4 under the row's seat of back are changed 12V110Ah's, though so still 48V voltage is constant, battery volume, capacity are all little half, purpose is that the space of vacateing under the car bonnet is used for fixing the installation generator set.

The driving engine 1 of this programme uses 150 type motor bikes electricity starting liquid-cooled engine (9.3KW), this driving engine is the driving engine that a lot of freight motor triwheelers adopt, recoverable amount is big, cost is low, accessory is easily purchased, liquid-cooled engine is than long (to the youthful and the elderly 30%), noise low (more than the 10dB) of air-cooled engine life-span of same discharge capacity, fuel economy good (about the low 30g of every KWh), so be user's the first-selection of the frequent long journey of liquid-cooled engine.With power-transfer clutch, the change-speed box complete removal of motor cycle engine, pass through plunging joint direct drive electrical generator 13 by bent axle.This machine is a water-cooled, increase circulating water pipe 57, heat radiation motor 58, and fan 59, filler 60, parts such as expansion bucket 61 and radiator 62, the layout of cooling system is be connected can be with reference to figure 8.This programme design is comparatively free, no longer draws for example.

The advantage of this programme is: to the profile of former electrocar without any change, kept good technology inheritance, cost increases minimum (4 storage batterys that remove can liquidate and increase the generator set cost newly), and can reduce about curb mass 120Kg, light body can make resistance to motion reduce, and the economy of long journey is better.

The shortcoming of this programme is: during as pure electronic use, the continuation of the journey mileage reduces half, by original 100～120Km, is decreased to 50～60Km, but this shortcoming can be remedied by the long journey device.In addition, also to be with a cover added weight operation when using pure electric operation, to often the user of long journey is not too unworthwhile.

This programme belongs to real tandem and mixes electrical automobile, people have individual mistaken ideas at present, always think that electric tramsmission is because through twice transformation of energy, efficient is not as direct mechanical driving efficiency height, in fact, the direct mechanical transmission must have mechanical component such as power-transfer clutch, change-speed box, transmission shaft, main reduction gear, has increased own wt, manufacturing cost and fault rate, and most importantly: combustion engine is not suitable for directly doing vehicle power in fact and uses: self can not start, torque curve does not meet the vehicle operating needs yet; And the most suitable vehicle power of directly doing of electrical motor is used: the requirement that self just can start, torque curve meets vehicle substantially.So automobile is extensive use of mechanical drive rather than electric tramsmission at present, its major cause is a historical reasons: because mechanically operatedly first impressions are strongest, cause the big established fact of recoverable amount, design engineer considers that mostly technology inheritance and people generally believe what caused the low mistaken ideas of twice energy conversion efficiency of electric tramsmission.In fact, fuel-engined vehicle urban district efficient has only 12.6%, highway is 20.2% (seeing " automobile theory " 49 pages of Fig. 2-8 of the Yu Zhisheng of Tsing-Hua University chief editor) only, tandem is mixed electrical automobile owing to can make that section rotating speed that the combustion engine long-term work is the highest at torsion, economy is best, automobile stagnation of movement and the energy of turn of engine can be stored in storage battery rather than idle running, efficient reach 24% difficulty very.Not so, diesel locomotive (locomotive engine) can not select one to drag six electric tramsmission as type of drive yet.

Scheme four: " half hand steered pushing away " scheme.(be suitable for mountain area, to the demanding user of economy)

This programme power transmission route is seen Fig. 7, and the structure of lifting dynamic wheel is seen Fig. 8, and circuit is seen Figure 10.

170 or 175 diesel engines that this case uses little walker tractor to use are made driving engine 1, by belt pulley 54 and the belt 11 that is fixed together with flywheel 55 on the bent axle 56, driving the big belt pulley X of captiveing joint with tween drive shaft 46 rotates, big belt pulley X is captiveed joint with tween drive shaft 46, minor sprocket 47 of the middle part captive joint of tween drive shaft 46, this minor sprocket 47 drives the hinge wheel 50 of captiveing joint with wheel 51 by chain 49 and rotates, thereby liftable wheel 51 and tire 53 are rotated, and powered vehicle moves ahead.The big belt pulley 19 that is fixedly connected on tween drive shaft 46 other ends drives 1～3 electrical generator 13 simultaneously and rotates by belt 11, generates electricity.

The change of electrocar is to increase a pedal of clutch 43, pedal of clutch 43 removable mountings are on clutch pedal shaft 42, it is indoor that clutch pedal shaft 42 is fixedly connected on car, this pedal of clutch 43 links to each other with tension wheel 48 indirectly by soft wire 41, soft wire 41 kinks are in soft wire skin 40, captive joint with vehicle body in soft wire skin 40 two ends.When let slip the clutch 43, soft wire 41 pulling tension wheel pressure arms 44 make it overcome the tension force of tension wheel spring 45, rotate counterclockwise around the tension wheel fulcrum 39 that is fixed on the support, tension wheel 48 and belt 11 are broken away from, and belt 11 skids, and power can't transmit; When letting the clutch be slipped pedal 43, tension wheel pressure arm 44 clockwise rotates under the 45 tension force effects of tension wheel spring, and tension wheel 48 is pressed on the belt 11 tightly, recovers transmission of power.

Driving engine 1 is fixed in the boot, and diesel engine 1 originally is to rely on evaporation water tank 38 interior water to evaporate to dispel the heat, and this method is not suitable for automobile-used.Can increase the little aluminium radiator 62 and the respective line (see figure 8) of a band temperature-control electric fan, change the natural circulation heat radiation into, to be closed the evaporation water tank 38 of former diesel engine 1 suitable for reading and increase circulating water pipe 57, heat radiation motor 58, fan 59, filler 60, parts such as expansion bucket 61 and radiator 62 are arranged be connected can be with reference to figure 8.On the fuel line between former fuel tank 2 and the machine, the electrically operated valve 4 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8 are not shown) of connecting, whether electricity consumption controls fuel feeding; Belt 11 next doors increase the tension wheel 48 double power-transfer clutchs of doing by spring 45 tensions and use.

In addition, the throttle of diesel engine and reducing valve all will be guided on the indoor corresponding newly-increased operating handle of car by soft wire.On instrument carrier panel, increase by two switches again.Switch 97 control wheel liftings, another switch 80 is connected with electrically operated valve 4, is used for controlling fuel feeding.

The lifting principle of dynamic wheel 51 is seen Fig. 8, on newly-increased boot base plate, captive joint two bearing seats 72, this bearing seat 72 is fixedly connected on the boot base plate, its inside is equipped with antifriction-bearing box, a tween drive shaft 46 is installed in this antifriction-bearing box, tween drive shaft 46 is cylindrical steel rods, central authorities are fixedly connected with minor sprocket 47, left end is fixedly connected with big belt pulley 19, right-hand member is fixedly connected with big belt pulley X, big belt pulley X is by belt pulley 54 transmissions on belt 11 and the bent axle 56 that is fixed on driving engine 1, big belt pulley 19 is by small belt pulley 12 transmissions on belt 11 and the axle that is fixed on electrical generator 13, and minor sprocket 47 is by chain 49 and be fixedly connected on hinge wheel 50 transmissions on the dynamic wheel 51.Between two bearing seats 72, be set with yoke 74, yoke 74 mainly is welded by two forks, two covers, in the middle of two covers antifriction-bearing box is installed, tween drive shaft 46 is installed in the middle of the antifriction-bearing box, the bar fork end of two forks is fixedly connected with power wheel shaft 52, passes through the dynamic wheel 51 of bearing carrier ring on the power wheel shaft 52.Short fork end is fixedly connected with the two ends of steel rope 69, and stirrup 73 is welded between bar fork and the short fork, and purpose is to gain in strength, and keeps the angle between two forks constant.Steel rope 69 is fixed and is wrapped on the capstan winch 67, and capstan winch 67 is captiveed joint with the axle of worm gear 64, and worm gear 64 cooperates transmission with worm screw 66, and worm screw 66 is exactly the axle of lifting motor 65.Two collision blocks 71 also are installed on the steel rope 69, and this collision block 71 cooperates with travel switch 70 on being fixed on support, the extreme position of decision dynamic wheel 51 liftings.4 pulley 68 removable mountings are on sheave shaft, and sheave shaft is fixed on the support.

The lifting of dynamic wheel 51 is to drive worm screws 66 worm gears 64 by lifting motor 65 to slow down to increase and turn round, and with the steel rope 69 on the capstan winch 67 that worm gear 64 is captiveed joint, pulling yoke 74 swings up and down to be realized.

The swing of crotch 74 is concentric with tween drive shaft 46, and in the time of can guaranteeing dynamic wheel 51 swings and lifting like this, the degree of tension of chain 49 is constant.Be in series with big spring 63 on the steel rope 69 of descent direction, with the adhesive ability that increases tire 53 on the dynamic wheel 51, adapt to and jolt the road surface and prevent overload.

When not going on a long journey at ordinary times, because dynamic wheel 51 rises, doing pure electronic use does not increase any resistance, when needing long journey, as long as fill up diesel oil in fuel tank 2, just can go on a long journey.At first allow electrocar use pure electronic travelling, behind certain mileage that travels, when finding storage battery 75 power shortages, it is moving to consider to use oil again.Use oil to move and at first to open reducing valve, let slip the clutch 43 again, and open fuel cock 80 and power wheel direction switch 97, make driving engine 1 fuel feeding and dynamic wheel 51 is fallen, the method that dynamic wheel 51 descends is: will be installed in the other power wheel direction switch of instrument carrier panel 97 towards setting aside, wheel falls relay 98 and gets electric adhesive, lifting motor 65 clockwise rotates, worm gear 64 and capstan winch 67 rotate counterclockwise, 69 tensions of front steel rope, back steel rope 69 loosens, and dynamic wheel 51 descends, and lifting motor 65 still rotates to wait dynamic wheel 51 to land afterwards, big spring 63 begins to elongate, when being fixed in collision block on the front steel rope 69 by the time and running into travel switch 70, wheel falls relay 98 dead electricity and discharges, and lifting motor 65 stops operating.If want to make dynamic wheel 51 to rise, can dial up being installed in the other power wheel direction switch 97 of instrument carrier panel, wheel rises relay 99 and gets electric adhesive, and lifting motor 65 rotates counterclockwise, and worm gear 64 and capstan winch 67 clockwise rotate, 69 tensions of back steel rope, front steel rope 69 loosens, and dynamic wheel 51 rises, when being fixed in collision block on the back steel rope 69 by the time and running into travel switch 70, wheel rises relay 99 dead electricity and discharges, and lifting motor 65 stops operating.If dynamic wheel 51 descends when touching ground in the driving, because the driving of chain 49 and belt 11, tween drive shaft 46 and electrical generator 13 all begin to rotate, because stepping on pedal of clutch 43, tension wheel 48 and belt 11 loosen, and driving engine 1 does not rotate; At this moment, as long as lift pedal of clutch 43, dynamic wheel 51 will drive diesel engine 1 and do not have compression idle running, the reducing valve on the diesel engine 1 is closed suddenly again, hear " prominent, prominent " sound, diesel engine 1 has just started, can feel the car flat-out acceleration, the may command manual accelerator comes stabilizing speed.If walk flat road, can open field switch 78, silicon rectification generator 13 begins generating, the electric energy that is sent all charges into storage battery 75, can charge while running.If what walk is the upward slope road, when feeling under power, can close field switch 78, whole powered vehicles of diesel engine 1 are advanced, when still feeling under power suddenly as if the slope, but also step on the accelerator (electric throttle) is assisted climbing with driven by power.

When arriving the top, slope, can close fuel cock 80, let slip the clutch 43, dynamic wheel 51 will drive electrical generator 13 generatings, carry out energy recovery and electric braking, and will be many more owing to the fast more generating of the speed of a motor vehicle during descending, the speed of a motor vehicle is generated electricity few more more slowly, so vehicle will be kept a neither fast nor slow speed of a motor vehicle, can close field switch 78 slowly if dislike, slide will be quickened under the vehicle dependence gravity; Can open field switch 78 soon if dislike, vehicle just slows down, and the also too fast liftable pedal of clutch 43 of speed uses driving engine 1 to carry out Associated brake, also can further step on brake pedal and more effectively slow down.

Use in the most suitable mountain area of this programme, and advantage is: can be electronic, can oil moving, can mix.Upward slope power is big, descending can generate electricity, and the electric vehicle performance index is increased.Simple in structure, powerful, manufacturing cost and use cost are all low, are adapted at mountain area, the vast rural area of China most and promote.Shortcoming is: noise is big, and traveling comfort is weaker.

Because walker tractor is to drive two wheels, this case drives a wheel, so be named hand steered pushing away half.Scheme five: " half motor pushes away " scheme.(being suitable for) to the demanding middle end subscriber of traveling comfort

The power transmission route and the scheme four of this programme are basic identical, and just driving engine 1 changes CB250 type motor cycle engine into, and with the difference of scheme four be: scheme four is that belt 11 adds chain 49 transmissions, and this programme is that chain 49 adds chain 49 transmissions.And increased the overriding clutch (center that is equivalent to the big belt pulley X of Fig. 8 at tween drive shaft 46 places,), also the actuating element of throttle, power-transfer clutch and change-speed box, utilize soft wire 40,41 to guide to the indoor control of car, by chain 49 finally still drive one can lifting dynamic wheel 51 promote vehicles and advance.This programme uses CB250 type motor cycle engine 1 to be used as power, the electricity that CB250 has possessed complete maturation starts, power-transfer clutch and change-speed box, so, can increase overriding clutch at tween drive shaft 46 places, wheel no longer drives power-transfer clutch and change-speed box action when making descending, make energy recovery more abundant, though can lose the effect of driving engine 1 Associated brake, well-known, the not excessive fuel consumption on shelves of gasoline car descending, be the more excessive fuel consumption of non-EFI car especially, for energy-conservation and minimizing blowdown, non-EFI car has not still been made Associated brake with driving engine 1, in addition this programme has had the dynamic brake of better effects if, add conventional brake, enough fully for the low speed electrocar.Though can not lean on the go-cart trailer to come fire an engine after increasing overriding clutch, neither problem for the driving engine that possesses the electricity starting, furthermore 8 big storage batterys are arranged, then more guaranteed for the electricity starting.The CB250 h type engine h is a double overhead camshaft, four valve water-cooleds electricity fire an engine, maximum power 19KW, torque peak 21Nm has six D Drives, use is on electrocar, margin of power is bigger, can increase a 3KW high-tension electrical generator coaxial with driving engine again, gives the air conditioner power supply of car specially, can create good department multiplication ring border, this also is the technical scheme that present red skin car (new air-conditioning Express Passenger) adopts.

Present car air-conditioner is Dan Leng, and heating is by the cooling water expansion tank heat radiation, and for the automobile more than 60KW is arranged, effect is all right like this.During refrigeration, compressor drives by belt and magnetic clutch by driving engine, because refrigerant herein is not totally-enclosed, so car air-conditioner will add one time R134, not so refrigeration variation in per 2～3 years.The technical scheme of this programme is by the work of driven by power A/C, compatible entirely with the family expenses split-type air conditioner that production lot is big, but both cooling and heating, cost low, non-maintaining (general 20 years without fluoridize), better than the car air-conditioner performance of using at present, make the energy heating air conditioner heat radiator that also can utilize waste gas when warming up, make heat efficiency higher, this does not accomplish that at present fuel-engined vehicle the energy of waste gas has all been wasted yet.

The advantage of this programme is: can be pure electronic, can oil moving, can mix.Moving, mixed the moving when using of oil can be used six grades of speed changes, and upward slope power is bigger, descending can also generate electricity, and former electric vehicle performance index is greatly improved.The non-maintaining efficient air conditioner not worse than car arranged, the ride comfort peace and quiet, the city zero-emission, minimum discharge outside the city has higher Energy Efficiency Ratio.Can also be temporarily when mains failure or when out encamping, it is emergent to the power supply (3KW of family to make generator car, can satisfy all electricity consumptions such as the illumination of one family except that electric heating, refrigerator, induced-draft fan, laundry machine, computer, TV, DVD, sound equipment), this also is the not available function of great use of general car.Shortcoming is: manufacturing cost and use cost than such scheme high slightly (connect air-conditioning 6,000 yuan of interior batch costs, when using air-conditioning, oil consumption 4L/100Km.Though) the approaching low-grade mixed moving car of oil consumption, but to mix moving car still be much lowerly (to have only to mix and move 20% of car price to manufacturing cost than common, 5 are just pushed up 1), oil consumption is again than general car much lower (60%), the city working expenditure is lower, also zero-emission, noiselessness except fearness is lost face, are the very desirable vehicle really.

Because motor bike has two wheels, only increase a wheel here, push away so be named half motor.

Claims (3)

1. pure electric automobile goes on a long journey device, the generating set (13) and the actuating device (51) that are driven by compact internal combustion engine (1) constitute, be on the low speed pure electric automobile, increase by one cover moves with car, generating set (13) and single wheel drive device (51) by compact internal combustion engine (1) drive, it is characterized in that: described low speed pure electric automobile, be meant and use lead battery as unique propulsion source, motor power (output) is less than the electrocar of 6KW, described compact internal combustion engine (1) is meant and has only a cylinder and diameter engine petrol (1) or the diesel engine (1) less than 80mm.

2. pure electric automobile long journey device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described generating set is meant 1～3 silicon rectification generator (13).

3. the long journey device of pure electric automobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described single wheel drive device (51) be meant drive by combustion engine (1) one can lifting, be positioned at the dynamic wheel (51) in the middle of the two trailing wheel rears.

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