CN103219572A - Microwave band-pass filter - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微波带通滤波器，包括设有通孔的基材和由多个永磁铁氧体柱组成的磁性光子晶体，所述永磁铁氧体位于通孔中。本发明的微波带通滤波器具有频带宽，带外抑制高，带内平坦等滤波特性，同时还有体积小、结构简单、加工容易、成本低廉、易于实现等优势。
The invention discloses a microwave bandpass filter, which comprises a base material provided with a through hole and a magnetic photonic crystal composed of a plurality of permanent magnet ferrite columns, and the permanent magnet ferrite is located in the through hole. The microwave band-pass filter of the present invention has filtering characteristics such as wide frequency band, high out-of-band rejection, and flat in-band, and has the advantages of small size, simple structure, easy processing, low cost, and easy realization.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种带通滤波器，具体是一种微波带通滤波器，更具体是一种磁性光子晶体带通滤波器。 The invention relates to a band-pass filter, in particular to a microwave band-pass filter, and more specifically to a magnetic photonic crystal band-pass filter.
背景技术 Background technique
在高性能通信系统中，低损耗和高功率容量的滤波器有着十分重要的作用。为了保证信号波形无畸变的传输，小矩形系数和带内平坦的高性能滤波器是必不可少的器件之一。近年来，随着宽带通信技术受到了越来越多的重视，宽带滤波器的应用变得越来越重要。微波段的宽带滤波器可以由多种结构来实现，如微带线、波导等，但这些结构的滤波器往往不是结构复杂造价昂贵就是性能不够优良，不能满足实际应用对高性能宽带滤波器的要求。 In high-performance communication systems, filters with low loss and high power capacity play an important role. In order to ensure the transmission of the signal waveform without distortion, a high-performance filter with small square factor and flat in-band is one of the essential devices. In recent years, as broadband communication technology has received more and more attention, the application of broadband filters has become more and more important. Broadband filters in the microwave segment can be realized by a variety of structures, such as microstrip lines, waveguides, etc., but the filters of these structures are often either complex in structure and expensive in cost or not good enough in performance, which cannot meet the requirements of high-performance broadband filters in practical applications. Require.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
发明目的：针对上述现有技术存在的问题和不足，本发明的目的是提供一种结构简单、实现方便的高性能微波带通滤波器。 Purpose of the invention: Aiming at the problems and deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the invention is to provide a high-performance microwave bandpass filter with simple structure and convenient implementation.
技术方案：为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案为一种微波带通滤波器，包括设有通孔的基材和由多个永磁铁氧体组成的磁性光子晶体，所述永磁铁氧体位于通孔中。 Technical solution: In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is a microwave bandpass filter, comprising a substrate provided with through holes and a magnetic photonic crystal composed of a plurality of permanent magnet ferrites, the permanent magnet The oxygen body is located in the through hole.
进一步的，所述永磁铁氧体的典型材料为锶铁氧体。 Further, a typical material of the permanent magnet ferrite is strontium ferrite.
进一步的，所述永磁铁氧体的形状为柱状，典型为圆柱体。 Further, the shape of the permanent magnet ferrite is columnar, typically a cylinder.
进一步的，所述多个永磁铁氧体构成规则阵列，典型为正方形的阵列。 Further, the plurality of permanent ferrites form a regular array, typically a square array.
进一步的，所述基材的典型材料为泡沫。 Further, the typical material of the substrate is foam.
进一步的，所述基材的介电常数介于1.05-1.1之间。 Further, the dielectric constant of the substrate is between 1.05-1.1.
进一步的，所述基材的上表面和下表面分别设有盖板。更进一步的，所述盖板的材料为金属。 Further, the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate are respectively provided with cover plates. Furthermore, the material of the cover plate is metal.
进一步的，所述基材的形状为矩形。更进一步的，所述基材的形状为正方形；所述基材在垂直于微波传播方向的两侧设有吸波材料。 Further, the shape of the substrate is rectangular. Furthermore, the shape of the substrate is square; the substrate is provided with absorbing materials on both sides perpendicular to the microwave propagation direction.
改变永磁铁氧体的半径或磁性光子晶体的晶格常数或基材的材质可以设计出工作在不同频段、具有不同带宽的微波带通滤波器。滤波性能还与磁性光子晶体的尺寸有关。 By changing the radius of the permanent ferrite or the lattice constant of the magnetic photonic crystal or the material of the substrate, microwave bandpass filters working in different frequency bands and with different bandwidths can be designed. The filtering performance is also related to the size of the magnetic photonic crystal.
工作原理：光子晶体独特的能带结构使光子晶体滤波器的带外抑制能很容易地达到30dB以上，永磁铁氧体材料具有高的折射率，使得磁性光子晶体以其背景材料的反差比单纯的介质材料的光子晶体要大，从而磁性光子晶体滤波器能够具有较宽的工作带宽。同时磁性光子晶体的工作频率远离铁磁共振频率，因此材料的损耗较小，也就使磁性光子晶体滤波器具有小的插入损耗。因此，本发明所述的基于磁性光子晶体的带通滤波器具有插入损耗低、带外抑制大、矩形系数小等一系列优点。 Working principle: The unique energy band structure of photonic crystal makes the out-of-band suppression of photonic crystal filter can easily reach more than 30dB. The photonic crystal of the dielectric material should be larger, so that the magnetic photonic crystal filter can have a wider working bandwidth. At the same time, the operating frequency of the magnetic photonic crystal is far away from the ferromagnetic resonance frequency, so the loss of the material is small, which makes the magnetic photonic crystal filter have a small insertion loss. Therefore, the band-pass filter based on the magnetic photonic crystal of the present invention has a series of advantages such as low insertion loss, large out-of-band suppression, and small square coefficient.
有益效果：本发明提出一种由永磁铁氧体构成的磁性光子晶体带通滤波器（简称“带通滤波器”或“滤波器”）。这种带通滤波器不仅具有矩形系数小、频带宽、带内平坦且带内插入损耗低、带外抑制高等优点，而且还有体积小、结构简单、加工容易、成本低廉、易于实现等优势。通过改变磁性圆柱的半径或磁性光子晶体的晶格常数或基材的材质可以设计出不同频段不同带宽的滤波器。由于采用了永磁铁氧体材料，滤波器不需要外加偏置磁场，这为基于磁性光子晶体的微波器件的实际应用提供了极为便利的应用条件。 Beneficial effects: the present invention proposes a magnetic photonic crystal band-pass filter (abbreviated as "band-pass filter" or "filter") made of permanent ferrite. This bandpass filter not only has the advantages of small square coefficient, wide frequency band, flat in-band, low in-band insertion loss, and high out-of-band rejection, but also has the advantages of small size, simple structure, easy processing, low cost, and easy implementation. . Filters with different frequency bands and different bandwidths can be designed by changing the radius of the magnetic cylinder or the lattice constant of the magnetic photonic crystal or the material of the substrate. Due to the use of permanent ferrite material, the filter does not need an external bias magnetic field, which provides extremely convenient application conditions for the practical application of microwave devices based on magnetic photonic crystals.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图，图中的外框是泡沫基材的轮廓。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention, and the outer frame in the figure is the outline of the foam substrate.
图2为本发明的S参数仿真结果图。 Fig. 2 is a graph of S parameter simulation results of the present invention.
图3示出了磁性光子晶体的晶格常数a对滤波器性能的影响。 Fig. 3 shows the effect of the lattice constant a of the magnetic photonic crystal on the filter performance.
图4示出了磁性圆柱的半径r对滤波器性能的影响。 Figure 4 shows the effect of the radius r of the magnetic cylinder on the filter performance.
图5示出了磁性光子晶体的尺寸对滤波性能的影响。 Figure 5 shows the effect of the size of the magnetophotonic crystal on the filtering performance.
图6为本发明的S21参数的测量结果图。 Fig. 6 is a diagram of the measurement results of the S21 parameter of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。 Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should be understood that these embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand various aspects of the present invention Modifications in equivalent forms all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of this application.
图1示出了本发明所述的微波带通滤波器，本实施例中，其主要包括一个由5*5个锶-永磁铁氧体圆柱（简称“磁性圆柱”）构成的磁性光子晶体和泡沫材质的基材，锶-永磁铁氧体圆柱位于泡沫材质的通孔中。磁性光子晶体为四方点阵，a为晶格常数，r为锶-永磁铁氧体圆柱的半径，本实施例中，a=8mm，r=2mm。锶-永磁铁氧体材料的介电常数为21.5-0.2*i，其中i表示虚部，它在微波段基本上为一个常数。 Figure 1 shows the microwave bandpass filter according to the present invention. In this embodiment, it mainly includes a magnetic photonic crystal composed of 5*5 strontium-permanent ferrite cylinders (referred to as "magnetic cylinders") The base material of the foam material, the strontium-permanent magnet ferrite cylinder is located in the through hole of the foam material. The magnetic photonic crystal is a tetragonal lattice, a is the lattice constant, and r is the radius of the strontium-permanent ferrite cylinder. In this embodiment, a=8mm and r=2mm. The dielectric constant of strontium-permanent ferrite material is 21.5-0.2*i, where i represents the imaginary part, which is basically a constant in the microwave segment.
图2示出了磁性光子晶体的阵列大小为8*8时微波带通滤波器的S参数仿真结果。仿真结果表明，滤波器-3dB的带宽范围从10.1GHz到11.8GHz，有近1.7GHz的带宽，插入损耗小于4dB，带外抑制大于60dB，矩形系数（-40dB带宽和-3dB带宽之比）为1.68，并且整个通带具有很好的平坦度。 Fig. 2 shows the S-parameter simulation results of the microwave bandpass filter when the array size of the magnetic photonic crystal is 8*8. The simulation results show that the -3dB bandwidth of the filter ranges from 10.1GHz to 11.8GHz, with a bandwidth of nearly 1.7GHz, the insertion loss is less than 4dB, the out-of-band rejection is greater than 60dB, and the square coefficient (the ratio of the -40dB bandwidth to the -3dB bandwidth) is 1.68, and the entire passband has very good flatness.
图3示出了磁性光子晶体的阵列大小为8*8，保持磁性圆柱半径r=2mm不变时，改变磁性光子晶体的晶格常数a对滤波器性能的影响。晶格常数a为6mm、8mm、10mm时，通带的中心频率分别为11.2GHz、10.95GHz、10.8GHz，带宽分别为3GHz、1.7GHz、1.4GHz，相对带宽分别为26.7%、15.5%、13.0%，矩形系数分别为1.49、1.68、1.78。增大晶格常数a，滤波器的中心频率及带宽将会降低，矩形系数将增大，但中心频率与矩形系数的变化幅度较小。改变晶格常数a，对滤波器的带外抑制也有一定的影响，但是滤波器依旧具有较大的带外抑制及较好的带内平坦度。因此，可以灵活地改变磁性光子晶体的晶格常数a，以满足不同带宽的带通滤波器的设计需求。 Figure 3 shows the effect of changing the lattice constant a of the magnetic photonic crystal on the performance of the filter when the array size of the magnetic photonic crystal is 8*8 and the radius of the magnetic cylinder is kept constant at r=2mm. When the lattice constant a is 6mm, 8mm, and 10mm, the center frequency of the passband is 11.2GHz, 10.95GHz, and 10.8GHz, the bandwidths are 3GHz, 1.7GHz, and 1.4GHz, and the relative bandwidths are 26.7%, 15.5%, and 13.0 %, and the rectangle coefficients are 1.49, 1.68, and 1.78, respectively. When the lattice constant a is increased, the center frequency and bandwidth of the filter will decrease, and the squareness coefficient will increase, but the change range of the center frequency and squareness coefficient is small. Changing the lattice constant a also has a certain impact on the out-of-band suppression of the filter, but the filter still has greater out-of-band suppression and better in-band flatness. Therefore, the lattice constant a of the magnetic photonic crystal can be flexibly changed to meet the design requirements of bandpass filters with different bandwidths.
图4示出了磁性光子晶体的阵列大小为8*8,，保持磁性圆柱的半径与光子晶体晶格常数的比值r/a=0.25不变时，改变磁性圆柱的半径r对滤波器性能的影响。可以看到，随着半径r的减小，带通滤波器滤波频段将会向高频移动。半径r分别取为4mm、2mm、1mm时，通带的中心频率分别为5.5GHz、10.95GHz、21.85GHz，带宽分别为1GHz、1.7GHz、3GHz，相对带宽分别为18.2%、15.5%、13.7%，矩形系数分别为1.5、1.68、1.9。随着半径r等比地减小，滤波器的中心频率等比地增加，带宽也在增加，但相对带宽却减小，同时矩形系数略微增大，而滤波器的带外抑制、带内平坦度基本不受半径r的影响。因此，可以灵活地改变比值r/a，以满足不同频带的带通滤波器的设计需求。 Figure 4 shows that the array size of the magnetic photonic crystal is 8*8, and when the ratio r/a=0.25 between the radius of the magnetic cylinder and the lattice constant of the photonic crystal remains constant, the effect of changing the radius r of the magnetic cylinder on the performance of the filter Influence. It can be seen that as the radius r decreases, the filtering band of the bandpass filter will move to high frequency. When the radius r is 4mm, 2mm, and 1mm respectively, the center frequencies of the passband are 5.5GHz, 10.95GHz, and 21.85GHz, the bandwidths are 1GHz, 1.7GHz, and 3GHz, and the relative bandwidths are 18.2%, 15.5%, and 13.7%. , and the rectangle coefficients are 1.5, 1.68, and 1.9, respectively. As the radius r decreases proportionally, the center frequency of the filter increases proportionally, and the bandwidth also increases, but the relative bandwidth decreases, while the square coefficient increases slightly, while the filter's out-of-band rejection and in-band flatness The degree is basically not affected by the radius r. Therefore, the ratio r/a can be flexibly changed to meet the design requirements of bandpass filters of different frequency bands.
由图3和图4的计算结果可以知道，在设计磁性光子晶体带通滤波器时，可以先根据滤波器频段的需求确定磁性圆柱半径r的大小，然后再根据滤波带宽的要求，确定晶格常数a的大小，从而就可以设计出任意频段的带通滤波器。 From the calculation results in Figure 3 and Figure 4, it can be known that when designing a magnetic photonic crystal bandpass filter, the size of the radius r of the magnetic cylinder can be determined according to the requirements of the filter frequency band, and then the crystal lattice can be determined according to the requirements of the filtering bandwidth The size of the constant a, so that a bandpass filter of any frequency band can be designed.
图5示出了保持磁性圆柱半径r=2mm，光子晶体晶格常数a=8mm不变时，磁性光子晶体的阵列大小对滤波性能的影响。随着阵列的减小，滤波器的中心频率及带宽保持不变，带外抑制在减小，矩形系数在增大，同时通带内的平坦度也有所降低。当阵列大小减小为4*4的时候，滤波器带外抑制依旧大于30dB，带内平坦度也依旧很好，而此时在xy剖面上滤波器仅为一个边长为32mm的正方形，相当于一个1元硬币的大小。因此，采用磁性光子晶体带通滤波器可以在保证滤波器性能的同时通过减小滤波器的大小来构建小尺寸的滤波器，也就是说，磁性光子晶体带通滤波器可以在保持较好性能的同时还能拥有较小的尺寸。 Fig. 5 shows the effect of the array size of the magnetic photonic crystal on the filtering performance when the radius of the magnetic cylinder is kept r=2mm and the lattice constant of the photonic crystal is a=8mm. With the reduction of the array, the center frequency and bandwidth of the filter remain unchanged, the out-of-band suppression decreases, the square coefficient increases, and the flatness in the passband also decreases. When the array size is reduced to 4*4, the out-of-band rejection of the filter is still greater than 30dB, and the in-band flatness is still very good. At this time, the filter is only a square with a side length of 32mm on the xy section, which is quite About the size of a 1 yuan coin. Therefore, the use of magnetic photonic crystal band-pass filter can construct a small-sized filter by reducing the size of the filter while ensuring the performance of the filter, that is, the magnetic photonic crystal band-pass filter can maintain better performance while having a smaller size.
图6示出了本发明所述的微波带通滤波器的实验测量结果。磁性光子晶体的阵列大小为8*8。边长64mm*64mm，镶嵌在介电常数介于1.05-1.1之间的泡沫材料中，泡沫材料的上下表面分别设有金属盖板，图中的金属盖板是打开的。基材在垂直于微波传播方向的两侧设有吸波材料，例如，参见图1，微波沿x方向传播，则基材在y方向的两侧设有吸波材料，吸波材料可以是泡沫型吸波材料。测量结果显示，在10.1GHz-11.4GHz间，滤波器有一个插入损耗小于5dB的通带，带外抑制大于50dB，矩形系数为1.34，同时滤波器的通带具有非常好带内平坦度，符合高性能的滤波要求。实验与仿真相比，除在带宽、中心频率上略有差别外，整个曲线和理论计算结果非常好地吻合。 Fig. 6 shows the experimental measurement results of the microwave bandpass filter according to the present invention. The array size of the magnetic photonic crystal is 8*8. The side length is 64mm*64mm, and it is embedded in a foam material with a dielectric constant between 1.05 and 1.1. The upper and lower surfaces of the foam material are respectively provided with metal covers, and the metal covers in the picture are open. The substrate is provided with absorbing materials on both sides perpendicular to the direction of microwave propagation. For example, see Figure 1. Microwaves propagate along the x direction, and the substrate is provided with absorbing materials on both sides of the y direction. The absorbing material can be foam Type absorbing material. The measurement results show that between 10.1GHz and 11.4GHz, the filter has a passband with an insertion loss of less than 5dB, the out-of-band rejection is greater than 50dB, and the squareness coefficient is 1.34. At the same time, the passband of the filter has very good in-band flatness, which meets High performance filtering requirements. Compared with the simulation, except for the slight difference in bandwidth and center frequency, the whole curve is in good agreement with the theoretical calculation results.
Claims (10)
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| CN104377453A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-02-25 | 南京大学 | Frequency-adjustable directed-radiation antenna |
| CN104409818A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-03-11 | 清华大学 | Ferrite-based metamaterial for adjustable band-stop filter and application of ferrite-based metamaterial |
| CN105846115A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-08-10 | 南京大学 | Pattern-reconfigurable directional radiation antenna |
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